AU2010100972A4

AU2010100972A4 - Topical antimicrobial compositions

Info

Publication number: AU2010100972A4
Application number: AU2010100972A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Robert William Dunlop
Original assignee: Chemeq Ltd
Current assignee: Chemeq Ltd
Priority date: 2009-10-19
Filing date: 2010-09-06
Publication date: 2010-10-07
Anticipated expiration: 2018-09-06

Description

P/00/009A Section 29 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 INNOVATION PATENT SPECIFICATION Invention Title: TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS Applicant: Chemeq Ltd The invention is described in the following statement: 1 Topical Antimicrobial Compositions Field [0001] The present invention relates to topical antimicrobial compositions. The present invention also relates to topical antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal compositions. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on the skin, including methods for inhibiting the proliferation of fungus on the skin, methods for inhibiting the proliferation of virus on the skin and methods for inhibiting the proliferation of bacteria on the skin. The present invention also relates to anti dandruff compositions, anti-acne compositions and anti-dermatitis compositions, and methods for the treatment or prevention of dandruff, acne and dermatitis. [0002] The invention also relates to an antifungal composition for topical use in treatment of dermatitis and method of treatment of dermatits and in particular dermatitis infections caused or exacerbated by fungal infections such as dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and dermaphytoses. The invention also relates to the use of the compositions in manufacture of topical medicaments for treatment of dermatitis. The invention further relates to an anti-acne composition for topical use in treatment of acne and method of treatment of acne. The invention also relates to the use of the compositions in manufacture of topical medicaments for treatment of acne. Background [0003] Impeding the spread of infectious disease is vital from a moral, public health and economic standpoint. The widespread use of topical antimicrobial compositions such as hand cleansers is one effective means of impeding the spread of infectious diseases. As such, the development of new topical antimicrobial compositions is of significant importance. [0004] Topical antimicrobial compositions are not only useful in prophylactic applications such as hand cleansers, but are also important in treating conditions of the skin which are caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. Skin infections can lead to considerable discomfort for the sufferer, be unsightly and can be difficult to contain in some 2 circumstances. Common skin infections include, but are not limited to, acne, rosacea, impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis, ecthyma, eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, herpes, epidermolysis bullosa, pityriasis versicolor, tinea and icthyosis. Topical antimicrobial compositions are also useful for preventing or treating infection of traumatic lesions (such as ulcers, minor burns, cuts, abrasions, lacerations, wounds, biopsy sites, surgical incisions and insect bites). [0005] Skin related disorders such as dermatitis, acne and dandruff can cause significant discomfort and displeasure to sufferers. In addition to the physical discomfort experienced, many sufferers also experience psychological or social difficulty which can be associated with the aesthetic impact of these conditions. As such, it is important to develop new treatments which are able to reduce or remove the effects of these conditions. [0006] One skin related disorder is Dermaphytoses. Dermaphytoses are ichthyoses caused by fungal infections. The hyphae and spores are confined to nonviable portions of tissue and thus proliferate in the hyperkeratinized tissues of skin, hair, and nails. Examples of typical dermaphytoses include tinea capitis (cradle cap), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium. These disorders are treated with anti-fungal agents, and topically with keratolytic agents to remove the cornified and infected layer. [0007] Specific examples of Dermaphytoses include tinea pedis (athlete's foot) which affects the feet, tinea unguium which affects the fingernails and toenails, tinea corporis which affects the arms, legs, and trunk with ringworm, tinea cruris (jock itch) which affects the groin area, tinea manuum which affects the hands and palm area, tinea capitis affects the scalp, tinea barbae affects facial hair, tinea faciei (face fungus) which affects the face, tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur and tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii. [0008] Dandruff is understood to be caused by Malassezia yeasts such as Malassezia furfur. Malassezia yeasts are regarded as a precondition to developing dandruff but not 3 all people with such yeast infections go on to develop dandruff. The commonly used medications for treatment of dandruff are zinc pyrithione, octopyrox and ketoconazole which are often delivered by shampoo to the scalp. There is, however, a significant delay in effectiveness which is often 2 to 4 weeks during which sufferers have significant scalp itch and visible skin flakes. [0009] Zinc pyrithione is relatively insoluble making it difficulty to formulate in some types of compositions and it is commonly used as a dispersion potentially reducing its effectiveness. Formulations are frequently very viscous requiring substantial rubbing to achieve penetration into the effected area, an act in itself which causes discomfort and sometimes irritation. If the viscous formulations are not vigorously applied, the active antifungal agent does not necessarily reach the site requiring treatment being the epidermis of the skin. Non-viscous creams and lotions are wont to flow off the effected site before penetration is achieved. One final disadvantage is that cream and lotion bases in themselves can add to site irritation depending on their content. [0010] While zinc pyrithione biocides have proven useful for a wide range of applications, the utility of these compounds is limited to the control of select species and strains of fungi and bacteria. Further, while higher concentrations of pyrithione salts have been observed to control the growth of a wider range of organisms, the useful amount of polyvalent metal salts of pyrithione that can be added to a commercial product is limited by efficacy and economic considerations, and environmental concerns. [0011] Many antifungals such as sulfur based antifungals also have an unpleasant odour or stench. [0012] The number of patients not responding to particular medicated shampoo can be quite high (ketoconazole up to 30%; selenium sulfide up to 40%). [0013] Seborrhoea is a chronic skin disease that is considered to be a defect in keratinization with increased scale formulation. Dandruff is a mild form. Seborrhoea is 4 divided into three clinical forms. Seborrhoea sicca, which is characterised by dry scaling of the skin. Seborrhoea oleosa is characterised by local to diffuse scaling associated with excessive sebum. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is characterised by scaling and greasiness with gross evidence of local or diffuse inflammation. In addition to human infections, many animals such as certain dog species are more succeptible to seborrheoa such as Cocker Spaniels, Springer Spaniels, Basset Hounds and, in particular, the most difficult form occurs in West Highland White Terriers. Certain dogs also have persistent ear fungal infections. [0014] Chlorhexidine is a phenol-related biguanide antiseptic, it is a broad spectrum anti microbial. It has been used as a topical wash, rinse and in a shampoo in veterinary and human medicine for over 30 years. Despite being widely used, it has not gained a reputation for value in seborrhoeic dermatitis. [0015] Although sulfur has been used extensively in cosmetic products, its use has not been entirely satisfactory. One major problem associated with its use in shampoos has been the generation of sulfide off odors during the shampooing process and, often, of residual sulfide off odors for days afterwards. Selenium sulfide also suffers from this sulfide off odor problem. [0016] There is a need for a safe and effective antifungal for topical use in treatment of dermatitis. [0017] Another skin related disorder is acne. Acne is an inflammation of the skin that affects people from every country and every culture around the world. It is a disease of the pilosebaceous units (PSUs), which consist of a sebaceous gland connected to a canal, called a follicle that contains a fine hair. The sebaceous glands make an oily substance called sebum that normally empties onto the skin surface through the opening of the follicle, commonly called a pore. Cells called keratinocytes line the follicle. The hair, sebum, and keratinocytes that fill the narrow follicle may produce a plug, which is an early sign of acne. The plug prevents sebum from reaching the surface of the skin 5 through a pore. The mixture of oil and cells allows the most common anaerobes, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) that normally live on the skin, to grow in the plugged follicle. These bacteria produce chemicals and enzymes and attract white blood cells that cause inflammation (e.g., swelling, redness, heat or pain). Propionibacterium acnes associated with acne vulgaris and linked to certain cases of endocarditis, anaerobic arthritis, wound infections and abscesses. [0018] Acne Vulgaris is the most common form of acne, which includes several types of lesions. For example, mild to moderate acne vulgaris (e.g., whitehead, blackhead, papules or pimples) and severe acne vulgaris (e.g., nodules or cysts). [0019] The exact cause of acne is unknown, but it is believed that factors like increase in hormones called androgens (male sex hormones) and heredity or genetics may be responsible. Drug treatment is aimed at reducing several problems that play a part in causing acne, for example, abnormal clumping of cells in the follicles, increased oil production, bacteria, and inflammation. [0020] Known treatments for topical application which are effective to treat the bacteria can have a harsh effect on the skin. Some effects include exfoliation and drying leading to stinging and/or redness of the skin. [0021] Despite the existence of such drugs for treating or preventing acne vulgaris and inflammatory conditions thereof, there remains a need for safe and effective drugs for treating or preventing acne vulgaris and inflammatory conditions thereof. [0022] Alkanediols, particularly 1,2-alkanediols having 6 to 10 carbons have some antimicrobial properties and as such may be useful in the treatment of some skin related disorders. For example, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 1,2 hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol against E.coli have been reported to be 10,000 ppm and 6,300 ppm respectively (Pillai, R, Schmaus G, Pfeiffer A, Lange S and Trunet A, 6 Cosmetics and Toiletries magazine (2008) 123(10): 53-64) and (Kinnunen T. and Koskela M. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) (1991) 71(2): 148-150. [0023] The applicants have discovered that formulations which incorporate certain types of polymer result in significantly improved effectiveness in inhibiting the proliferation of microbes. The applicants have also discovered that co-formulations which incorporate

C

3 -1 0 alkanediols with certain types of polymer also result in significantly improved effectiveness in inhibiting the proliferation of microbes. These formulations may also be useful in the treatment of a number of skin related disorders such as acne, dandruff and dermatitis. [0024] The discussion of the background to the invention herein is included to explain the context of the invention. This is not to be taken as an admission that any of the material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims. [0025] Throughout the description and claims of the specification, the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as "comprising" and "comprises", is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Summary of the Invention [0026] The present invention relates to a topical antimicrobial composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. [0027] Preferably, the topical antimicrobial composition further includes a C 3 -10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the topical antimicrobial compositions of the invention, the C3.10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5 pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5 hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2 7 decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some particular embodiments the

C

3

-

10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0028] In some particular embodiments of the invention the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one 1,2-C 3

-

10 alkanediol. In some embodiments, the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol can be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some cases the C3-10 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0029] Polymers of 2-propenal may be formed by radical or anionic polymerization and generally speaking have different structures and physical properties. The polymer of 2-propenal is preferably one formed by anionic polymerization. Such polymers typically comprise monomeric units linked through oxygen-carbon polymerization as well as carbon-carbon polymerization. Thus, the anionic polymerization results in both polymerization through the vinyl group of acrolein as well as the aldehyde and hence both forms are present. The polymers of 2-propenal may be homopolymers or copolymers. Examples of copolymers include copolymers formed with alcohols such as C2 to C10 alkane diols, polyethylene glycol, hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as tartaric acid, ascorbic acid and mixtures thereof. [0030] The polymer of 2-propenal topical antimicrobial typically comprises polymer repeating unit comprising at least one unit type selected from R C

H

2 0 H wherein R is H or C14 alkyl, and the hydrated, hemiacetal and acetal forms of the repeating unit. 8 [0031] In some embodiments of the compositions of the invention, R is hydrogen. [0032] The polymer of 2-propenal may be a homopolymer or copolymer and in a particularly preferred embodiment the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2 propenoic acid). Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) is preferably formed by oxidation of a poly(2-propenal), preferably formed by anionic polymerization, so as to introduce carboxyl groups. The poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) may comprise, for example, from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer. [0033] In some embodiments of the invention the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2 propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0034] In some embodiments the topical antimicrobial composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the composition includes from 0.05 to 5 wt% of the polymer of 2 propenal. [0035] The topical antimicrobial compositions of the invention can typically include from 0.1 to 99.99 wt% of the C 3

.

10 alkanediol based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the compositions include from 1 to 80 wt% of the C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. In other cases the compositions include from 1 to 50 wt% of the C 3

.

1 0 alkanediol. In some specific embodiments the compositions include from 1 to 20 wt% of the C 3

-

1 0 alkanediol. [0036] Topical antimicrobial compositions of the invention may further include a C 2 -10 alkanol. In some specific embodiments, the C 2

-

1 0 alkanol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol. In some specific embodiments the ratio of the

C

3 -10 alkanediol to the C 2

-

10 alkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1. [0037] Topical antimicrobial compositions of the invention may further include one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a 9 preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, fragrance, a dye or a pigment. [0038] The invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on the skin which including applying to the skin an inhibitory-effective amount of a topical microbial composition according to the invention. [0039] The invention also relates to a method for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on the skin including applying to the skin an inhibitory-effective amount of a topical microbial composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. The topical microbial composition preferably further includes a C3-10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the method, the C3-10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3 butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5 pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5 hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2 decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some specific embodiments the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol is a 1,2-C3 1oalkanediol. The 1,2-C 3 -1oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2- pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2 octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some cases the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0040] In some embodiments the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0041] The present invention also relates to the use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a topical medicament for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on skin. The use preferably further includes use of a C 3 -1 0 alkanediol in the manufacture of the 10 topical medicament. In some embodiments the C 3

-

10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol. In some specific cases the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the polymer of 2 propenal used in the manufacture of the medicament is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0042] In some embodiments the C 3

-

1 oalkanediol used in the manufacture of the topical medicament is a 1,2-C 3

-

10 alkanediol. The 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2- pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some particular cases the 1,2-C 3

.

1 oalkanediol used in the manufacture of the topical medicament may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0043] The present invention also relates to an anti-dandruff composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. [0044] Preferably the anti-dandruff composition further includes a C3-10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the anti-dandruff compositions of the invention the C3-10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7 heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10 decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some particular embodiments the C3-10 alkanediol is 11 selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0045] In some particular embodiments of the anti-dandruff compositions of the invention the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one 1,2-C 3

.

1 oalkanediol. In some embodiments, the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol can be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some cases the C3-10 alkanediol is a 1,2-C3 1 oalkanediol selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2 hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0046] In some embodiments of the anti-dandruff compositions of the invention, the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0047] In some embodiments the anti-dandruff composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the composition includes from 0.05 to 5 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal. [0048] The anti-dandruff compositions of the invention can typically include from 0.1 to 99.99 wt% of the C 3 -1alkanediol based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the compositions include from 1 to 80 wt% of the C3-1 0 alkanediol. In other cases the compositions include from 1 to 50 wt% of the C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. In some specific embodiments the compositions include from 1 to 20 wt% of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol. [0049] Anti-dandruff compositions of the invention may further include a C2-10alkanol. In some specific embodiments, the C2- 1 oalkanol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol. In some specific embodiments the ratio of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol to the C 2 -1 0 alkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1. [0050] Anti-dandruff compositions of the invention may further include one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a 12 preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, fragrance, a dye or a pigment. [0051] The invention also relates to methods for treating or preventing dandruff which include applying to the scalp a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dandruff composition according to the invention. [0052] The invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing dandruff including applying to the scalp a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti dandruff composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. The anti-dandruff composition preferably further includes a C3-10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the method, the C3-10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7 heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10 decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some specific embodiments the C3.10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the C3- 1 0 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3

.

1 oalkanediol. The 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2- pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some particular cases the 1,2-C3- 10 alkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0053] In some embodiments of the methods of treating or preventing dandruff, the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-pro penal, 2-propenoic acid). [0054] The present invention also relates to use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing dandruff. The use preferably further includes use of a C 3 -1 0 alkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament. In some 13 embodiments the C3-10 alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol. In some specific cases the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2 propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the polymer of 2-propenal used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing dandruff is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0055] In some embodiments the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing dandruff is a 1,2-C 3 .1oalkanediol. The 1,2-C3 1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some particular cases the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing dandruff may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol. [0056] In accordance with another embodiment there is provided an anti-acne composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. In accordance with a further embodiment there is provided an anti-acne composition for topical treatment of acne comprising a polymer of 2-propenal and a dermatologically acceptable carrier. [0057] The anti-acne composition preferably includes a C3-10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the anti-acne compositions of the invention the C3.10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2 ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7 14 heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10 decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some particular embodiments the C 3

-

10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0058] In some particular embodiments of the anti-acne compositions of the invention the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one 1,2-C 3

.

1 oalkanediol. In some embodiments, the 1,2

C

3

-

1 0 alkanediol can be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some cases the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol. [0059] In some embodiments of the anti-acne compositions of the invention, the polymer is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0060] In some embodiments the anti-acne composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the composition includes from 0.05 to 5 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal. [0061] The anti-acne compositions of the invention can typically include from 0.1 to 99.99 wt% of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the compositions include from 1 to 80 wt% of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol. In other cases the compositions include from 1 to 50 wt% of the

C

3- 10 alkanediol. In some specific embodiments the compositions include from 1 to 20 wt% of the C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. [0062] Anti-acne compositions of the invention may further include a C 2 -1 0 alkanol. In some specific embodiments, the C 2

-

1 oalkanol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol. In some specific embodiments the ratio of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol to the C2-1 0 alkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1. 15 [0063] Anti-acne compositions of the invention may further include one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, fragrance, a dye or a pigment. [0064] The invention also relates to methods for treating or preventing acne which include applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-acne composition according to the invention. [0065] The invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing acne including applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-acne composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. In accordance with another embodiment there is provided a method of treatment of acne comprising applying to at least a portion of the acne affected area of skin a topical composition comprising a polymer of 2 propenal. The composition preferably further includes a C 3

-

10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the method, the C3-10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some specific embodiments the C 3

-

10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2 propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3

-

10 alkanediol. The 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0066] In some embodiments of the methods of treating and preventing acne of the invention the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). 16 [0067] The present invention also relates to use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing acne. The invention also relates to the use of a polymer of 2-propenal in preparation of a topical medicament for treatment of acne. The use preferably further includes use of a C 3 -1 0 alkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament. In some cases the C3-10 alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7 heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10 decanediol, and neopentyl glycol. In some specific cases the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol. In some embodiments the polymer of 2-propenal used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating acne is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0068] In some embodiments the C 3 -1alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing acne is a 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. The 1,2-C3 1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some particular cases the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing acne may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol. [0069] The present invention also relates to an anti-dermatitis composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. [0070] Preferably, the composition further includes a C3-10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the anti-dermatitis compositions of the invention the C3-10 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 17 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7 heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10 decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some particular embodiments the C3.10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0071] In some particular embodiments of the anti-dermatitis compositions of the invention the C 3

-

1 0 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. In some embodiments, the 1,2-C3. 1 oalkanediol can be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some cases the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol. [0072] In some embodiments of the anti-dermatitis compositions of the invention, the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0073] In some embodiments the anti-dermatitis composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the composition includes from 0.05 to 5 wt% of the polymer of 2-propenal. [0074] The anti-dermatitis compositions of the invention can typically include from 0.1 to 99.99 wt% of the C 3

-

1 oalkanediol based on the total weight of the composition. In some specific cases the compositions include from 1 to 80 wt% of the C3- 1 0 alkanediol. In other cases the compositions include from 1 to 50 wt% of the C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. In some specific embodiments the compositions include from 1 to 20 wt% of the C 3

.

1 0 alkanediol. [0075] Anti-dermatitis compositions of the invention may further include a C2-1 0 alkanol. In some specific embodiments, the C 2

-

1 oalkanol is selected from the group consisting of 18 ethanol and isopropanol. In some specific embodiments the ratio of the

C

3- 10 alkanediol to the C 2

-

1 oalkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1. [00761 Anti-dermatitis compositions of the invention may further include one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, fragrance, a dye or a pigment. [0077] The invention also relates to methods for treating or preventing dermatitis which include applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dermatitis composition according to the invention. [0078] The invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing dermatitis including applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dermatitis composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. The anti-dermatitis composition preferably further includes a C 3

.

10 alkanediol. In some embodiments of the method, the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol in the composition includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3 butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5 pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5 hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2 decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some specific embodiments the

C

3

-

10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3 1 oalkanediol. The 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2- pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2 octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol.In some specific embodiments the 1,2-C3 1oalkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2 hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. 19 [0079] In some embodiments of the methods of treating or preventing dermatitis of the invention the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0080] The present invention also relates to the use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing dermatitis. The use preferably further includes use of a C 3 -1alkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament. In some embodiments the C3-10 alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol. In some specific embodiments the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. In some embodiments the polymer used in the manufacture of a medicament for treating dermatitis is 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). [0081] In some embodiments the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing dermatitis is a 1,2-C 3 .1oalkanediol. The 1,2-C3 1 oalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2 nonanediol and 1,2-decanediol. In some particular cases the 1,2-C 3 -1 0 alkanediol used in the manufacture of the medicament for treating or preventing dermatitis may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol. [0082] In accordance with a further embodiment there is provided an antifungal composition for treatment of dermatitis associated with fungal infections comprising a polymer of 2-propenal and a dermatologically acceptable carrier. 20 [0083] In accordance with one embodiment there is provided a method of treatment of dermatitis associated with a fungal infection comprising applying to at least a portion of the affected area of skin a topical composition comprising a polymer of 2-propenal. [0084] The antifungal composition is typically for treatment of a dermatitis selected from the group consisting of dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and dermaphytoses [0085] Polymers of 2-propenal may be formed by radical or anionic polymerization and generally speaking have different structures and physical properties. The polymer of 2 propenal is preferably a formed by anionic polymerization. Such polymers typically comprise monomeric units linked through oxygen-carbon polymerization as well as carbon-carbon polymerization. Thus, the anionic polymerization results in both polymerization through the vinyl group of 2-propenal as well as the aldehyde and hence, both monomer forms are present in the polymer. The polymers of 2-propenal may be homopolymers or copolymers. Examples of copolymers include copolymers formed with alcohols such as C2 to C10 alkane diols, polyethylene glycol, hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as tartaric acid, ascorbic acid and mixtures thereof. [0086] The topical composition in one embodiment comprises from 0.01 to 10% and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the polymer of 2-propenal and a dermatologically acceptable carrier. [00871 An example of such a poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) comprising from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer is described in US 6723336 (Example 1b) in relation to the treatment of gastrointestinal disease and particularly colibacillosis (caused by E. Coli bacteria) in pigs. Detailed Description of the Invention [0088] The term "dermatologically-acceptable," as used herein, means that the components so described are suitable for use in contact with human skin without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like. Remington's 21 Pharmaceutical Sciences Ed. by Gennaro, Mack Publishing, Easton, Pa., 1995 discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation of such dosage forms. [0089] Compositions of the invention contain a copolymer having the repeating units comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of; R C H V O H wherein R is H or C 14 alkyl and the hydrated, hemiacetal and acetal form of the repeating unit. Such structures result from the anionic polymerization of 2-propenal. The hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the repeating unit is taken to include those copolymers having groups having any one or more of the following structures: R R R R C

H

2 O H RO 0 OR RO \ 0 R R R R RO C

H

2 R RO OR RO 0 0 OR R O O O R 22 [0090] A typical example of a polymer segment is the segment of formula: CHO CHO CHO X 0 0 X

H

2 C

H

2 C wherein X are remaining portions of the polymer. [0091] It will, however, be appreciated that because of the option of oxygen-carbon or carbon-carbon polymerization the structure can vary significantly within the polymer. The molecular weight of the polymer is generally at least 1000 such as in the range of from 1000 to 10,000. [0092] The "R" group can be any one of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group or a tert-butyl group. In particular embodiments of the invention the R group is a hydrogen atom and the copolymers be considered as the copolymers of 2-propenal and the hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the 2-propenal monomer unit. [0093] In some cases, copolymers suitable for use on the compositions of the invention can be prepared by radical copolymerization of 2-propenal with any appropriate comonomer. In some specific embodiments of the invention the copolymer is formed by the copolymerization of 2-propenal and 2-propenoic acid. In other cases the copolymer suitable for use with the invention may be prepared by reacting a suitable precursor polymer. For instance, a polymer suitable for use with the invention may be synthesized by partial reduction of a precursor such as poly(2-propenoic acid) to form poly(2 propenal, 2-propenoic acid) or more preferably by partial oxidation of poly(2-propenal) preferably to introduce from 0.1 to 5 mole carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer. [0094] Compositions of the invention contain a polymer of 2-propenal. Polymers of 2 propenal may have the repeating unit: 23 R C

H

2 O H wherein R is H. [0095] Polymers of 2-propenal may also have chemical moieties corresponding to the hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the repeating unit. Other structural units may be formed during or after the polymerization. Polymers of 2-propenal suitable for use with the invention include polymers and copolymers having groups with one or more of the following structures: R R R R C

H

2 O H RO 0 OR RO RO R R R RR RO OR RO 0 O OR R O O O R CHO CHO CHO X 0 0 X

H

2 C

H

2 C 24 wherein X are the remaining portions of the polymer. [0096] Polymers of 2-propenal suitable for use on the compositions of the invention can be prepared by radical or anionic polymerization of 2-propenal, with or without the addition of co-monomers. In some specific embodiments of the invention the polymer is formed by the anionic polymerization of 2-propenal. In other cases the copolymer suitable for use with the invention may be prepared by reacting a suitable precursor polymer. For instance, a polymer suitable for use with the invention may be synthesized by partial reduction of a precursor such as poly(2-propenoic acid) to form poly(2 propenal, 2-propenoic acid), or by partial oxidation of poly(2-propenal) to form poly(2 propenal, 2-propenoic acid). In some particular embodiments, the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) formed by the oxidation of poly(2-propenal) to introduce carboxyl groups. [0097] In some particular embodiments the poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) includes from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer. An example of such a polymer is described in US 6723336 in relation to the treatment of gastrointestinal disease and particularly colibacillosis (caused by E. Coli bacteria) in pigs. [0098] Compositions of the invention may employ any C3-10 alkanediol. Compositions of the invention may employ a C3.10 alkanediol as part of the carrier. The C3-10 alkanediol may be a linear chain C3-10 alkanediol or a branched chain C3-10 alkanediol. The C3-10 alkanediol may be substituted or unsubstituted. As noted above, the C3.10 alkanediol in the composition may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some cases, C3-10 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol. The 1,2-C3-1o alkanediol may be a linear chain 1,2-C 3

-

1 0 alkanediol or a branched chain 1,2-C3-10 alkanediol. The 1,2-C3-10 alkanediol may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some cases, the 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol 25 may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol and 1,2 decanediol. In some cases the C3-10 alkanediol is a 1,2-C 3

-

1 oalkanediol selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol. [0099] We have found that the combination of the polymer of 2-propenal and the C3-10 alkanol provides a synergistic improvement in antifungal activity. [0100] The compositions according to the invention can be made up in the customary manner and used for the treatment of one or more of the skin, hair, nails and scalp in the sense of a dermatological treatment or of a treatment in the sense of medicated cosmetics. However, they can also be employed in decorative cosmetics in make-up products. [0101] For use, the compositions according to the invention are applied to one or more of the skin, hair, nails and scalp in adequate amount in the manner customary for cosmetics and dermatological agents. [0102] The compositions according to the invention can contain cosmetic auxiliaries such as are customarily used in such preparations, e.g. preservatives, bactericides, antioxidants, perfumes, agents for preventing foaming, colorants, pigments which have a colouring action, thickeners, surface-active substances, emulsifiers, emollient substances, moisturizing and/or moisture-retaining substances, fats, oils, waxes or other customary constituents of a cosmetic formulation such as alcohols, polyols, polymers, foam stabilizers, electrolytes, organic solvents or silicone derivatives. [0103] If the composition is a solution or lotion, the dermatologically-acceptable carriers used can be water or aqueous solutions; alcohols; diols; polyalkyleneglycols such as polyethyleneglycol (preferably of molecular weight of from 200 to 2000); oils, such as olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, arachis oil, coconut oil, liquid paraffin, triglycerides of capric or of caprylic acid, or castor oil; fats, waxes and other 26 natural and synthetic fatty materials, preferably esters of fatty acids with alcohols of low C number, e.g. with isopropanol, propylene glycol or glycerol, or esters of fatty alcohols with alkanoic acids of low C number or with fatty acids; alcohols of low C number, and also their ethers, preferably ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether and analogous products. In some cases, mixtures of the abovementioned solvents are used. In the case of alcoholic solvents, water can be a further constituent. [0104] Some specific examples of dermatologically-acceptable carriers suitable for application with the invention include water, olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, arachis oil, coconut oil, liquid paraffin, polyethyleneglycol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, polyvinyl alcohol, partially hydrolysed poly(vinyl acetate), polyethers, polyethylenglycol and derivatives. Other suitable carriers would be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art. [0105] The carrier component may comprise oils, which in one embodiment are present in the oil phase of an emulsion, selected from hydrocarbon oils such as paraffin or mineral oils; b) waxes such as beeswax or paraffin wax; c) natural oils such as sunflower oil, apricot kernel oil, shea butter or jojoba oil; d) silicone oils such as dimethicone, cyclomethicone or cetyldimethicone; e) fatty acid esters such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, dioctylmaleate, glyceryl oleate and cetostearyl isononanoate; f) fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (eg cetearyl alcohol); g) polypropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol ethers, e.g. PPG-14 butyl ether; or h) mixtures thereof, for example, the blend of waxes available commercially under the trade name Cutina (Cognis). [0106] The carrier can be in the form of a hydroalcoholic system (e.g. liquids and gels), an anhydrous oil or silicone based system, or an emulsion system, including, but not limited to, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions. The emulsions can cover a broad range of consistencies including thin 27 lotions (which can also be suitable for spray or aerosol delivery), creamy lotions, light creams, heavy creams, and the like. The emulsions can also include microemulsion systems. Other suitable topical carriers include anhydrous solids and semisolids (such as gels and sticks); and aqueous based mousse systems. Nonlimiting examples of the topical carrier systems useful in the present invention are described in the following four references, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: "Sun Products Formulary", Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 105, pp. [0107] Various embodiments of the compositions of the invention may include a stabilizing agent. The stabilizing agent may be an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D,L carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. a-carotene, p-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, y-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulphoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulphoximines, homocysteine sulphoximine, buthionine sulphones, penta-, hexa- or heptathioninesulphoxime) in very low tolerable doses (e.g. pmol to pmol/kg), further (metal) chelators (e.g. a-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), a hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. y-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg-ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate from benzoin, rutic acid and its derivatives, ferulic acid and its derivatives, 28 butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO4), selenium and its derivatives (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these said active compounds. The stabilizing agent may be present at a concentration of from 0.01-3.0%. [0108] In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention include an anti inflammatory agent. Examples of anti-inflammatory agents, include, but are not limited to, non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone, hyd roxyltriamcinolone, alphamethyl dexamethasone, dexamethasone phosphate, beclomethasone dipropionate, clobetasol valerate, desonide, desoxymethasone, desoxycorticosterone acetate, dexamethasone, dichlorisone, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluadrenolone, fluclarolone acetonide, fludrocortisone, flumethasone pivalate, fluosinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, flucortine butylester, fluocortolone, fluprednidene, (fluprednylidene)acetate, flurandrenolone, halcinonide, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone butyrate, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone acetonide, cortisone, cortodoxone, flucetonide, fludrocortisone, difluorosone diacetate, fluradrenalone acetonide, medrysone, amciafel, amcinafide, betamethasone, chlorprednisone, chlorprednisone acetate, clocortelone, clescinolone, dichlorisone, difluprednate, flucloronide, flunisolide, fluoromethalone, fluperolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortisone valerate, hydrocortisone cyclopentylproprionate, hydrocortamate, meprednisone, paramethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone dipropionate, and triamcinolone, and combinations thereof. Examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents include but not limited to COX inhibitors, LOX inhibitors, and p38 kinase inhibitors, immunosuppresant agents such as cyclosporin, and cytokine synthesis inhibitors. Other natural anti inflammatories include, but are not limited to, extracts of feverfew, soy, or oats, beta glucan, and totarol. 29 [0109] In one embodiment, the amount of anti-inflammatory agent, anti-viral agent, antipsoroiatic agent and/or other active agent in the compositions is from about 0.001 % to about 10%, such as from about 0.01% to about 5% such as from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. [0110] In one embodiment, the composition includes a sebum miscible agent. What is meant by a sebum miscible agent is an agent that is miscible with sebum as set forth in the following assay. Artificial sebum is prepared as set forth on page 79 (Table 5.4) of a book chapter entitled "The Influence of Skin Surface Lipids on Topical Formulations" by Obsorne and Hatzenbuhler (in "Topical Drug Delivery Formulations", edited by D. Osborne and A. Amann, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1990, pages 69-85). At room temperature this sebum is a white waxy substance. 50 pl of the sebum is deposited into a 200 pl clear vial using a precision micropipette. 100 pl of the test agent is then added to the vial. The vial is warmed at 320C and visually inspected at the baseline and at eight hours. If the agent is miscible with the sebum, the sebum will become transparent. [0111] The following is a non-limiting example of sebum miscible agents: aromatic alcohols such as phenyl alcohols with chemical structures of C 6

H

5 -R(OH) where R is an aliphatic radical, such as benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol; aromatic glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol phenyl ether; propylene or butylene oxide-based glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether and those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,133,967; fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, plant, fruit, or marine derived extracts rich in essential fatty acid or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as but not limited to vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) seed oil, vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) seed oil, vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) seed oil, rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil, rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) seed oil, ribes nigrum (black currant) seed oil, hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) seed oil, echium plantagineum (echium) seed oil, hordeum vulgare (barley) seed oil, betula alba bud extract, saw palmetto extract, borage oil, evening primrose oil, witch hazel extract and soy oil; cetyl ocenate; isostearyl benzoate; pentaerythiol teraoctenate; isostearyl 30 benzoate; methyl gluceth; tocopherol acetate; benzalkonium chloride; and benzethonium chloride, and combinations thereof. [0112] The compositions of the present invention can also include a thickening agent. Suitable thickening agents include cellulose and derivatives thereof such as carboxymethylcellulose, hyd roxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hyd roxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hyd roxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Further suitable thickening agents include alkyl substituted celluloses. In these polymers the a proportion of the hydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroxyalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form a hydroxyalkylated cellulose which is then further modified with a C 10

-C

30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group through an ether linkage. Typically these polymers are ethers of C 10

-C

30 straight or branched chain alcohols with hydroxyalkylcelluloses. Examples of alkyl groups useful for modifying the hydroxyalkyl cellulose include those selected from the group consisting of stearyl, isostearyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, cocoyl (i.e. alkyl groups derived from the alcohols of coconut oil), palmityl, oleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, ricinoleyl, behenyl, and mixtures thereof. [0113] Other thickening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof. [0114] Further thickening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include gelling agents, clays, modified clays such as hectorite and its derivatives; paraffin oils, esters such isopropyl myristate, ethanol, silicon oils, vegetable oils, porvidone and 31 mixtures thereof. Other suitable thickening agents include aluminum silicates; bentonites; carboxyvinyl polymers; polyacrylic acids such as carbopol; polyacrylamides such as ammonium polyacryloyldimethyltaurate; poly(C1 0

-C

3 0 alkyl acrylates; 2 acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid polymers and copolymers such as poly (2 acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid; copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate; copolymers of acryloyldimethyltaurate/vinylpyrrolidone; acrylic acid/vinylpyrrolidone crosspolymers; polyacrylates such as polyacrylate-3); polyesters such as polyester-5; polyethylene glycol; polyethylene glycol stearate; polyethylene glycol distearate and mixtures thereof. Other thickening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include homopolymers and copolymers of polyurethanes, polyacrylic acids, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and polyamides such as: carbomer, acrylates copolymer, acrylic acidNP crosspolymer, acrylates/C10- 30 alkyl acrylates crosspolymer, acrylates/steareth 20 methacrylate copolymer, acrylates/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer, acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate crosspolymer, acrylates/palmeth-25 acrylates copolymer, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurateNP copolymer, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer, hydroxyethylacrylate/sodium acryloyld imethyltaurate copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate/sodium acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer, sodium acrylate/sodium acryloyld imethyltaurate copolymer, sodium acrylate/acryloyldimethyltaurate/dimethylacrylamide crosspolymer, PEG-150/decyl alcohol/SMDI copolymer , PEG-150/stearyl alcohol/SMDI copolymer, disteareth-100 IPDI, polyurethane-39, ethylenediamine/hydrogenated dimer dilinoleate copolymer Bis Di-C14-18 alkyl amide, Bis-stearyl ethylenediamine/neopentyl glycol/stearyl hydrogenated dimer dilinoleate copolymer, polyamide-3. [0115] Gels provided according to the invention may be aqueous or non-aqueous. Aqueous gels are preferred. The gel will contain a gelling agent in order to give sufficient viscosity to the gel. A particularly suitable gelling agent is a copolymer of acryloyl dimethyl tauric acid (or a salt thereof), especially a copolymer of that monomer with another vinylic monomer. The salt may be a salt of a Group I alkali metal, but is more 32 preferably an ammonium salt. Examples of suitable copolymer gelling agents are ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / Beheneth- 25 methacrylate copolymer, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / vinyl formamide copolymer. These materials are available from Clariant GmbH in the range of products under the trade name Aristoflex. [0116] Preferred aqueous systems comprise water in an amount of at least 40% w/w, more preferably at least 50% w/wt, most preferably at least 60% w/w. Some compositions may contain at least 70% or even at least 75% w/w. The upper limit of water will depend on the amounts of other ingredients incorporated in the composition so that the water may form the remainder of the composition up to 100% w/w of the composition. A typical maximum value is less than 90% w/w, for example less than 85% or 80% w/w. [0117] Compositions according to the invention may further include preservatives. Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, C-C 4 alkyl parabens and phenoxyethanol, calcium propionate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sulfites (sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, etc.) and disodium EDTA. Preservatives are typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight percent, based on the total composition. [0118] Other suitable preservatives include those preservatives listed as allowed preservatives in the European Council Directive relating to cosmetic products, such as benzoic acid (CAS No 65-85-0) and its sodium salt (CAS No 532-32-1); other salts of benzoic acid and esters of benzoic acid; propionic acid and its salts; salicylic acid and its salts; sorbic acid (hexa-2,4-dienoic acid) and its salts; formaldehyde paraformaldehyde; biphenyl-2-ol (o-phenylphenol) and its salts; zinc pyrithione; inorganic sulphites and hydrogen-sulphites; chlorobutanol; 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts and esters; 3 Acetyl-6-methylpyran-2,4 (3H)-dione (Dehydracetic acid) and its salts; formic acid and its sodium salt; 3,3'-Dibromo-4,4'-hexamethylenedioxydibenzamidine (Dibromohexamidine) and its salts (including isethionate); thiomersal; phenylmercuric salts (including borate); 33 undec-10-enoic acid and salts; hexetidine; 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; bronopol; 2,4 Dichlorobenzyl alcohol; triclocarban; 4-Chloro-m-cresol; tricolosan; 4-Chloro-3,5-xylenol; 3,3'-Bis(1-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,1'-methylenediurea (Imidazolidinyl urea); poly (1 -hexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride); 2-Phenoxyethanol; hexamethylenetetramine (methenamine); methenamine 3-chloroallylochloride; 1-(4 Chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one; 1,3-Bis (hydroxymethyl)-5,5 dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; Benzyl alcohol; 1 -Hydroxy-4-methyl-6(2,4,4 trimethylpentyl) 2-pyridon and its monoethanolamine salt; 6,6-Dibromo-4,4-dichloro2,2' methylene-d iphenol (Bromochlorophen); 4-Isopropyl-m-cresol; mixture of 5-Chloro-2 methyl-isothiazol-3(2H)-one and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one with magnesium chloride and magnesium nitrate; 2-Benzyl-4-chlorophenol (clorophene); 2-Chloroacetamide; Chlorhexidine (and its digluconate, diacetate and dihydrochloride; 1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol; alkyl (C12-C22) trimethyl ammonium, bromide and chloride; 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxizalidine; N-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(d ihydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxo-2,5-imidazolidinyl-4)-N' (hydroxymethyl) urea; 1,6-di (4-amidinophenoxy)-n-hexane (Hexamidine) and its salts (including isethionate and p-hydroxybenzoate); glutaraldehyde (Pentane-1,5-dial); 5 Ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1 -azabicyclo [3.3.0] octane; 3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-propane1,2 diol (chlorphenesin); Sodium hydroxymethylamino acetate (Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate); silver chloride deposited on titanium dioxide; benzethonium Chloride; belzalkonium chloride, bromide and saccharinate; benzylhemiformal; iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate and methylisothiazolinone. [0119] The anti-acne composition may comprise abrasives, that is, ingredients used to assist in the removal of unwanted tissue or foreign materials from the skin during application of the composition. Abrasives commonly comprise fine solid particles. One example of a suitable abrasive is polyethylene beads. [0120] The compositions of the invention optionally include an anti dandruff active. [0121] The compositions of the invention optionally include a skin or hair cleansing agent. The skin or hair cleansing agent may take the form of a soap or surfactant. 34 Examples of anionic surfactants potentially useful in the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, soaps, sulfates, sulfonates and carboxylates such as alkyl carboxylate salts. More specifically, useful anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfates and sulfonates, aryl sulfates and sulfonates, sulfated fatty acid esters, sulfonated fatty acids, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl taurates, methyl acyl taurates, acyl isothionates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, sulfonated methyl esters, alkyl phosphates, acyl glutamates, acyl sarcosinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, acylated peptides, alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl lactylates, anionic fluorosurfactants, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, fatty acyl glycinates, ax-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. [0122] Any counter cation can be used in the anionic surfactant. In some specific cases the counter cation is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and counter cations derived from diethanolamine, or triethanolamine. In some particular embodiments the counter cation is sodium or potassium. [01231 One group of anionic surfactants which may be used in the compositions of the invention is the group consisting of disodiumdecyl(sulfoxy)benzene sulphonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and disodium oxybis(decylsulfophenoxy)benzene sulfonate. [0124] When the composition is in the form of a skin cleaner the composition may include a soap. A soap is a surfactant having neutral to alkaline pH typically derived by neutralization of fatty acids with alkaline compounds such as alkali metal hydroxide or alkanolamines. [0125] Examples of non-ionic surfactants potentially suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, alkyl polyglycosides, alcohol ethoxylates such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates and/or propoxylates, alkyl phenolethoxylates, glycol ester surfactants, PEG(20) sorbitan monooleate, polyethylene 35 glycol cocoate, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block polymers, alkanolamines, and mixtures thereof. [0126] Some specific non-ionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include polyoxyalkylene glycol based surfactants. These polyoxyalkylene based surfactants include hexitan esters such as polysorbates, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, poloxamers, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol monoethers, alkyl polyglucosides and ethoxylated polysiloxanes. [0127] Examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in compositions of the invention include but are not limited to betaines, amine oxides, sultaines, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, examples of useful amphoteric surfactants include alkyl betaines (oleyl betaine and lauryl betaine), cocamidopropyldimethyl betaine, cocamido betaine, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amphoacetates (cocamphoacetate), alkyl amphodiacetates (cocamphodiacetate), alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amphodipropionates (cocamphocarboxypropionate), cocamphocarboxy propionic acid, cocamidopropyihydroxysultaine, alkyldimethyl amine oxides, coconut monoethanolamine, cetyldimethylamine oxide, stearamine oxide, oleamine oxide, cocamidopropylamine dimethyl oxide, and mixtures thereof. [0128] Other skin or hair cleansing agents appropriate for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known by one of ordinary skill in the art. [0129] The compositions of the invention may also include a skin softening agent. The skin softening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention are, when incorporated into the composition and applied to the skin, essentially clear, colorless, and non-malodorous. They are dermatologically safe and are compatible with the active agents of the compositions as well as any other composition ingredients. The skin softening agents can be used singly or in combination in a concentration ranging from approximately 0.01 to 10.0% w/v. In some embodiments they are included in the range of from approximately 0.05 to 5.0%. Skin softening agents suitable for use in the present 36 invention include, but are not limited to, glycerin, caprylic/capric triglyceride, pantothenol and its derivatives and related moieties, and hyaluronic acid and related moieties. Other appropriate skin softening agents suitable for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known to one having ordinary skill in the art. [0130] The antifungal composition may additionally comprise a polymeric carrier such as an acrylate, methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stable aqueous carboxy vinyl polymer gels, silicones or other suitable polymer. [0131] The compositions according to the invention may also include a fragrance. The fragrance may be present at between about 0.0001 % (v/v) and about 2.0%) (v/v) of the final composition. In some cases the fragrance is present between about 0.001% (v/v) and 1.0% (vlv). In still other cases the fragrance is present between 0.01 % (v/v) and 5% (v/v) of the final composition. For the purpose of the present application the term "fragrance" is meant to encompass any component reacting with the human olfactory sites and imparting a pleasurable odor, essence or scent. Fragrances that may be used in accordance with the present invention include any synthetic as well as natural fragrance and mixtures thereof. Typically a multiplicity of fragrances are used to achieve the desired effect. Those of skill in the art further recognize the terms "top note" (i.e. fragrances having a high vapor pressure), "middle note" (i.e. fragrance having a medium vapor pressure) and "base note" (i.e. fragrances having a low vapor pressure). Recognizing that categorization within these classes may depend to some extent on the fragrance formulator, the compositions of the present invention may include any top note, middle note and base note fragrance. A further way of classifying fragrances is in accordance with generally recognized scents they produce. Descriptors used by those skilled in the art of fragrances are, inter alia, "rose", "floral", "green", "citrus", "spicy", "honey", "musk", "herbal, "jasmine", "lilac", lily of the valley", "orange", "peach", "oriental", "watermelon" "chypre" and "lemon", "woody", "fruity" all of which fragrances thus classified may be formulated with the compositions of the present invention. 37 [0132] Fragrances that may be used in accordance with the present invention include linear and cyclic alkenes (i.e. terpenes); primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; ethers; esters; ketones; nitrites; aldehydes; and saturated and unsaturated aldehydes; or mixtures thereof. [0133] Examples of synthetic fragrances that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include acetanisole, acetophenone, acetyl cedrene, methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, musk anbrette, heliotropin, citronellol, sandella, methoxycitranellal, hydroxycitranella), phenyl ethyl acetate, phenyletlhylisobutarate, gamma methyl ionone, geraniol, anetlhole, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl salicate, linalool, ciitiamic alcohol, phenyl acetaldehyde, amyl cinnamic aldehyde, caphore, p-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl acetate, citral, cinnamyl acetate, citral diethyl acetal, coumarin, ethylene brasslate, eugenol, 1-menthol, vanillin, and mixtures thereof. It will of course be appreciated that other dermatologically acceptable synthetic fragrances suitable for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known to one having ordinary skill in the art. [0134] Examples of natural fragrances that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include without limitation lavandin, heliotropin, sandlewood oil, oak moss, pathouly, ambergris tincture, ambrette seed absolute, angelic root oil, bergamont oil, benzoin Siam resin, buchu leaf oil, cassia oil, cedarwood oil, cassia oil, castorcum, civet absolute, chamomile oil, geranium oil, lemon oil, lavender oil, Ylang Ylang oil, and mixtures thereof. It will of course be appreciated that other dermatologically acceptable natural fragrances suitable for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known to one having ordinary skill in the art. [0135] Compositions of the invention may also include a dye. Dyes suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include fat-soluble dyes and water-soluble dyes. The dye, if present, may be present in an amount generally ranging from 0.001% to 2.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. In some cases the dye is present in an amount from 0.005% to 1.0%. In other cases the dye is present in an amount from 38 0.01 % to 0.5%. As will be appreciated by one having skill in the art, dyes suitable for use with the compositions of the invention will be dermatologically acceptable dyes. [0136] Examples of fat-soluble dyes include Soudan red, D & C Red 17, D & C Green 6, p-carotene, soybean oil, Soudan brown, D & C Yellow 11, D & C Violet 2, D & C Orange 5, and quinoline yellow. Examples of water-soluble dyes include beet juice and methylene blue. [0137] Compositions of the invention may also include a pigment. The pigment can be white or colored, inorganic and/or organic, coated or uncoated. Suitable such inorganic pigments include titanium dioxide, optionally treated on its surface, or zirconium oxide or cerium oxide, as well as iron oxide or chromium oxide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate and ferric blue. Suitable organic pigments include carbon black, and lakes based on cochineal carmine or on barium, strontium, calcium or aluminum. [0138] In some cases the pigments may be pearlescent. The pearlescent pigments can be selected from white pearlescent pigments such as mica covered with titanium oxide or with bismuth oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as titanium oxide-coated mica coated with iron oxides, titanium oxide-coated mica coated with, in particular, ferric blue or chromium oxide, or titanium oxide-coated mica coated with an organic pigment of the above-mentioned type, as well as pearlescent pigments based on bismuth oxychloride. [0139] Compositions of the invention may also include a UV filter. Suitable UV filters include those substances listed as permitted UV filters in the European Council Directive relating to cosmetic products, such as 4-Aminobenzoic acid; N,N,N-Trimethyl-4-(2 oxoborn-3-ylide-nemethyl) anilinium methyl sulphate; homosalate; oxybenzone; 2 phenylenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid and its potassium, sodium and triethanolamine salts; 3,3'-(1,4-Phenylenedimethylene) bis (7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo-[2,2,1]hept-1-yl methanesulfonic acid) and its salts; 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)propane 1,3-dione; alpha-(2-Oxoborn-3-ylidine)-toluene-4-sulphonic acid and its salts; 2-cyano 39 3,3-diphenyl acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (Octocrylene); polymer of N-{(2 and 4)-[(2 oxoborn-3-ylidene)methyl]benzyl}acrylamide; octyl methoxycinnamate; ethoxylated Ethyl 4-Aminobenzoate (PEG-25 PABA); isopentyl-4-methoxycinnamate (Isoamyl p Methoxycinnamate); 2,4,6-Trianilino-(p-Carbo-2'-Ethylhexyl-1'Oxy)-1,3,5-Triazine (Octyl Triazone); phenol,2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-Methyl-6-(2-Methyl-3-(1,3,3,3-Tetra-methyl l-(Trimethylsilyl)Oxy)-Disiloxanyl)Propyl) (Drometrizole Trisiloxane); benzoic acid, 4,4 ((6-(((1,1 -dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)amino)1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl(diimino)bis ,bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester); 3-(4'-Methylbenxylidene)-d-1 camphor (4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor); 3-Benzylidene camphor (3-Benzylidene Camphor); 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate (Octyl-salicylate); 4-Dimethyl-amino-benzoate of ethyl-2-hexyl (octyl dimethyl PABA); 2 Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (Benzophenone-5) and its sodium salt; 2,2'Methylene-bis-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2yl)-4-(tetramethyl-butyl)-1,1,3,3-phenol; monosodium salt of 2-2'-bis-(1,4-phenylene)1 H-benzimidazole-4,6-disulphonic acid; (1,3,5)-Triazine-2,4-bis((4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2-hydroxy)-phenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl); dimethicodiethylbenzalmalonate (CAS No 207574-74-1); titanium dioxide; and benzoic acid, 2-[-4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-, hexylester (INCI name: Diethylamino Hydroxy-benzoyl Hexyl Benzoate CAS No 302776-68-7) and mixtures thereof. [0140] Other suitable UV filters include para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives such as PABA, ethyl PABA, Ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA, glyceryl PABA; (3-(4-(2,2-bis-ethoxycarbonylvinyl)-phenoxy)propenyl) methoxysilane/dimethylsiloxane copolymer; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, such as 2 ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate; amyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate; 2-ethylhexyl 2 hydroxybenzoate; bemotrizinol; benzalmalonic esters such as di(2-ethylhexyl) 4 methoxybenzalmalonate; benzophenone derivatives such as 2-hydroxy-4 methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methyl-benzophenone; 2,2'-dihydroxy 4-methoxybenzophenone; benzophenone-1; benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3 or oxybenzone; benzophenone-4;, benzophenone-6; benzophenone-8; benzophenone-9; benzophenone- 12 n-hexyl 2- (4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoate; benzylidenecamphor derivatives such as 3-benzylidenecamphor, 4 methylbenzylidenecamphor, benzylidenecamphorsulfonic acid, camphor benzalkonium 40 methosulfate, terephthalylidenedicamphorsulfonic acid, polyacrylamidomethylbenzylidenecamphor; cinnamic derivatives such as ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, isopropyl methoxycinnamate, cinoxate, DEA methoxycinnamate, diisopropyl methylcinnamate, glyceryl ethylhexanoate dimethoxycinnamate; isopentyl 4 methoxycinnamate; diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate; dioctylbutylamidotriazone (INCI: diethylhexyl butamidotriazone); merocyanine; @, S diphenylacrylate derivatives such as, etocrylene; phenylbenzimidazole derivatives such as phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid, disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate; 2 phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid and its salts, for example sodium, potassium or triethanolammonium salts; phenylene-1,4-bis-(2-benzimidazyl)-3,3'-5,5'-tetrasulfonic acid salts; 2-phenylbenzimidazol-5-sulfonic acid salts; salicylic esters, such as 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomethyl salicylate, dipropylene glycol salicylate, TEA salicylate; sulphonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidenecamphor such as 4 (2-oxo-3-bornylidene-methyl)benzenesulphonic acid, 2-methyl-5-(2-oxo-3 bornylidenemethyl)sulphonic acid and their salts; sulphonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid; terephthalidene dicamphor sulfonic acid; tris(2-ethylhexyl) 4,4',4"-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 triyhriimino)trisbenzoate; 1,4-di(2-oxo-1 0-sulfo-3-bornylidenemethyl)benzene; 2-(4' diethylamino-2'-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid hexyl ester, 4-(tert.butyl)-4' methoxydibenzoylmethane; 2,4,6-trianilino-(p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4,6-tribiphenyl-4-yl-1, 3,5-triazine; 2,4-bis-[5-1 (dimethylpropyl)benzoxazol-2-yl-(4 phenyl)-imino]-6-(2-ethylhexyl)-imino-1,3,5-triazine with the (CAS no. 288254-16-0); 2,4 bis-{[4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI: bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine); 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid (2 ethylhexyl)ester; 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid-amyl ester and mixtures thereof. [0141] Further suitable UV filters include coated or uncoated inorganic pigments including oxides of titanium, zinc, iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminium, cerium, sulfate of barium and mixtures of these. The coated pigments are pigments that have undergone one or more surface treatments of chemical, electronic, mechanochemical and/or mechanical nature with compounds such as alumina, amino 41 acids, beeswax, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycerol, anionic surfactants, lecithins, sodium, potassium, zinc, iron or aluminium salts of fatty acids, metal alkoxides (of titanium or of aluminium), polyethylene, silicones, proteins (collagen, elastin) , alkanolamines, silicon oxides, metal oxides or sodium hexametaphosphate, and mixtures thereof and mixtures thereof with other UV filters listed in the preceding paragraphs. In the case of particulate filters, both nano and non-nano particulate filters are suitable. [0142] Compositions of the invention may contain an emulsifier chosen from amphoteric, anionic, cationic and nonionic emulsifiers, which are used alone or as a mixture. Emulsifiers may include sorbitan, glycerol or sugar alkyl esters or ethers. Emulsifiers may also be selected from ethoxylated fatty alcohols or ethoxylated fatty acids; stearic acid and stearates, isostearic acid and isostearates, palmitic acid and palmitates, and myristic acid and myristates. Emulsifiers may include any of the surfactants referred to in this specification. Emulsifiers may include alkyl polyglycosides (such as cetearyl glycoside, stearyl glycoside, palmityl glycoside); alcohols (such as behenyl alcohol; cetearyl alcohol; cetyl alcohol; cetylstearyl alcohol; lanolin alcohols; stearyl alcohol); fatty acid esters of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid (such as cetyl phosphate; cetearyl sulphate; sodium cetylstearyl sulphate; potassium cetyl phosphate; stearyl phosphate; triceteareth-4 phosphate; laureth-4 phosphate; trilaureth-4 phosphate; trioleth-8 phosphate); fatty alkyl ethers of sugars (such as polyalkylglucosides (APG) such as decylglucoside and laurylglucoside, cetostearyl glucoside; arachidyl glucoside); oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters of glycerol or sorbitan (such as PEG-100 stearate; glyceryl stearate); oxyalkylenated fatty alkyl ethers; isophthalic acid or sulfo- isophthalic acid polymers (such as phthal- ate/sulfoisophthalate/glycol copolymers, such as diethylene glycol/phthalate/isophthalate/1, 4-cyclo- hexanedimethanol copolymer (INCI name: Polyester-5)); polyol alkyl esters (such as polyethylene glycol esters); polyethoxylated fatty alcohols (such as cetearath-12, cetearath-20, isoceteth-20, beheneth-20, laureth-9) silicone surfactants (such as alkylmethicone copolyols or alkyldimethicone copolyols such as dimethicone copolyols; cetyl dimethicone copolyol, cyclomethicone dimethicone copolyol; lauryl methicone copolyol; octyl dimethicone ethoxyglucoside). 42 [0143] Emulisifiers may also be selected from ceteth-2; ceteth-20; ceteareth-3; ceteareth 6; ceteareth-12; ceteareth-20; ceteareth-25; ceteareth-30; ceteth-10; isoceteth-20; cetyl palmitate; glyceryl stearate; glyceryl isostearate; glyceryl stearate citrate; polyglyceryl stearate; polyglyceryl-2 d ipolyhydroxystearate; polyglyceryl-3 oleate; polyglyceryl-3 dioleate; polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate; polyglyceryl-4 isostearate; polyglyceryl-2 d ipolyhydroxy-stearate; polyglyceryl-3 d ipolyhydroxystearate; polyglyceryl-4 dipolyhyd roxystearate; diisostearoyl polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate; polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate; polyglyceryl-2 sesquiisostearate; polyglyceryl-2 PEG-4 stearate; isostearyl glyceryl ether; hydrogenated castor oil; PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil; lanolin; lecithin; glyceryl lanolate; glycol distearate; propylene glycol stearate; methylglucose dioleate; methylglucose sesquistearate; PEG-9 stearate; PEG-20 stearate, PEG-30 stearate, PEG-40 stearate; PEG-100 stearate; PEG-8 stearate; PEG-8 distearate; PEG-150 laurath; PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate; PEG-8 oleate; PEG-25 glyceryl trioleate; PEG-40 sorbitan lanolate; PEG-15 glyceryl ricinoleate; PEG-20 glyceryl stearate; PEG-20 glyceryl isostearate; PEG-20 glyceryl oleate; PEG-20 stearate; PEG 20 methylglucose sesquistearate; PEG-30 glyceryl isostearate, PEG-20 glyceryl laurate; PEG-30 glyceryl stearate; PEG-30 glyceryl laurate; PEG-50 stearate; PEG-150 laurate; polyglyceryl-2 PEG-4 stearate; PEG-20 methylglucose sesquistearate; pentaerythrityl isostearate; poloxamer 101; polysorbate-20; polysorbate-60; polysorbate-65; polysorbate-100; PPG-3 myristyl ether; sorbitan stearate; sorbitan isostearate; sorbitan glyceryl stearate; sorbitan monostearate; sorbitan tristearate; oxyethylenated sorbitan monostearate (20 EO); sorbitan oleate; sorbitan sesquioleate; steareth-10; steareth-21, steareth-20, isosteareth-20; isosteareth-10 and sucrose stearate; and derivatives and mixtures of all such emulsifiers. [0144] The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more moisturising agents, i.e. ingredients intended to increase the water content of the top layers of the skin. Examples of such ingredients are glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, panthenol, a-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, hydrolysed proteins, hyaluronic acid, pyrrolidone carbonic acid, as well as naturally-occurring 43 materials such as aloe barbadensis. Other suitable ingredients include glycerol quat, glycerol and hydroxyethyl urea and include the Stratys-3 system sold by the company Unilever or those sold under the name Sheer Infusion. The moisturising agents will generally be water-soluble moisturising agents. [0145] Other suitable moisturisers include oils such as natually derived oils including apricot kernal oil, corn oil; musk rose oil, oil of the microalga Prophyridium cruentum; passionflower oil; rice bran oil; sunflower oil, mineral oils such as hydrogenated polyisobutene; petroleum jelly; animal derived oils such as shea butter and perhydrosqualene; synthetically derived oils such as purcellin oil, isopropyl myristate and ethylhexyl palmitate, unsaturated fatty acids and fluoro oils such as perfluoropolyethers. [0146] Further suitable moisturisers include acrylic acid homopolymers, arginine, beta glucan, beta-hydroxyacids; biosaccharide gum-1; C- glycoside derivatives; C-p-D xylopyranoside-2-hydroxypropane; ceramides; chitosan; cholesterol; chondroitin sulfate; 4-chromanone, collagen; cyclic carbonates; ectoin; fatty alcohols and fatty acids such as stearic acid; ethylhexyloxyglycerol; 1,2-diacylglycerol; ethylhexyloxy glycerine; butylene glycol; propylene glycol; glyceryl polyacrylate; glycine soya; extracts of Imperata cylindra; lactates such as sodium lactate; lanolin; lecithins; N-lauroylpyrrolidonecarboxylic acid; N [alpha]-benzoyl-L-arginine; lipids such as glycosphingo lipids, phospholipids; pentanediol; phytosterols (stigmasterol, [beta]-sitosterol, campesterol); pidolates such as sodium pidolate; plankton; oligosaccharides and polysaccharides such as fucose-rich polysaccharides; pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid; silicone compounds such as silicone oils, for example cyclomethicone and dimethicone; silicone waxes, resins and gums; serine; steroidal derivatives (including DHEA); sphingoid-based compounds; threalose; pentacyclic triterpenes; vitamin D; waxes such as paraffin wax; carnauba wax and beeswax; xylitol and all derivates thereof and mixtures thereof. [0147] Compositions of the invention may also include other active ingredients, such as agents antioxidants, antiwrinkle agents, anticellulite agents; anti-irritant agents, anti pollution or anti-free-radical agents, agents stimulating the synthesis of dermal or 44 epidermal macromolecules and/or preventing their degradation, pigmentation-modifying agents, soothing agents, agents acting on the microcirculation, for example. Suitable active ingredients may include a-hydroxy acids (for example glycolic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid or mandelic acid); amino acids (for example glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan); a-glucosylrutin; a-lipoic acid; p-alanine; p-hydroxy acids; p-glycyrrhetinic acid; 3-stearoyloxyglycyrrhetic acid; 8-hexadecene-1,16 dicarboxylic acid; acetaminophen; allantoin; aloe vera; ascorbic acid; atechols; aurothioglucose; azelaic acid; benzoyl peroxide; betamethasone; BHA; BHT; biotin; boswellic acid; brown sugar extract; caffine; calcium; camomile extracts; canola oil; caprylyl glycol; carnitine; carnosine; cartenoids (p-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein and astaxanthin+A59); chlorogenic acid; chromium (111); cinnamic acid; clobetasol propionate; clove extract; coenzyme Q10; copper; cortisone; creatine; creatinine; cysteic acid; cysteine; D-biotin; D-carnosine, L carnosine and their derivatives; DHEA; diclofenac; dihydroxyacetone; dioic acid; EDTA; ellagic acid; epigallocatechins; ferulic acid; flavone glycosides; flavonoides; folic acid; glucose esters; glutathione; glycerol trilactate; glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide; green tea extracts; HEPES; honey; humic acid; hyaluronic acid; hydrocortisone; imidazoles (for example urocaninic acid); indomethacin; iodine; iron; isoflavonoids; jasmonic acid; lactic protein filtrates; laminaria extracts; linoleic acid; linseed extracts; lipoic acid; liponic acid; lychee extract; magnesium; manganese; mannose; melatonin; methionine; oleanolic acid; oleic acid; oligofucases; oligofucoses; oligosaccharides, monosaccharides and polysaccharides; olive leaf extracts; omega-3 unsaturated oils (for example musk rose oil, blackcurrant oil, Ecchium oil, fish oil or beauty- leaf oil); Opuntia; oxygen; pentacylic triterpenes; peptides such as D,L-carnosine; phloretin; phytanetriol; phytoene; phytoestrogens; pidolates; plankton extracts; polydocanol; polyphenol compounds' pomegranate fruit extracts; prebiotics; probiotics; procyanidol oligomers; propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, [gamma]-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters); resorcinol; resveratrol; retinoic acid; rosemary extracts; rutinic acid; selenium; serine; sodium methyl glycine diacetate; stearidonic acid; stearyl glycyrrhetate; sugar cane extracts; sulphur; tannic acid; tannins; taurine; tea tree oil; threonine; tocopherols; tryptophan; urea; uric acid; 45 ursolic acid; vitamin A; vitamin B3; vitamin B5; vitamin B6; vitamin C; vitamin E; vitamin F and zinc salts, and all derivates and mixtures thereof. Active ingredients may be present in an amount raning from about trace to about 2% by weight percent, based on the total composition. [0148] Compositions of the invention may comprise one or more oils. Examples of such oils are: hydrocarbon-based oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; hydrocarbon-based oils of plant origin, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids comprising from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, for instance heptanoic or octanoic acid triglyerides or alternatively, for example, sunflower oil, maize oil, soyabean oil, marrow oil, grapeseed oil, sesame oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, castor oil, avocado oil, caprylic/capric acid triglycerides such as those sold by the company Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil, shea butter oil; synthetic esters and ethers, in particular of fatty acids, for instance oils of formulae R 1

COOR

2 and R 1 0R 2 in which R, represents the residue of a fatty acid comprising from 8 to 29 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents a branched or unbranched hydrocarbon-based chain containing from 3 to 30 carbon atoms, such as, for example, purcellin oil, isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldodecyl stearate, 2-octyldodecyl erucate, isostearyl isostearate; hydroxylated esters such as isostearyl lactate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecyl hyd roxystearate, diisostearyl malate, triisocetyl citrate, heptanoates, octanoates and decanoates of fatty alcohols; polyol esters, such as propylene glycol dioctanoate, neopentyl glycol diheptanoate and diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and pentaerythritol esters, such as pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as volatile or non volatile liquid paraffins, and derivatives thereof, petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as parleam oil; fatty alcohols containing from 8 to 26 carbon atoms, such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and the mixture thereof (cetylstearyl alcohol) , octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleyl alcohol or linoleyl alcohol; - partially hydrocarbon-based and/or silicone-based fluoro oils, such as those described in document JP-A-2-295912; silicone oils, for instance volatile 46 or non-volatile polymethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) containing a linear or cyclic silicone chain, which are liquid or pasty at ambient temperature, in particular cyclopolydimethyl siloxanes (cyclomethicones) such as cyclohexasiloxane; polydimethylsiloxanes comprising alkyl, alkoxy or phenyl groups that are pendant or at the end of the silicone chain, said groups containing from 2 to 24 carbon atoms; phenyl silicones, for instance phenyl trimethicones, phenyl dimethicones, phenyltrimethyl- siloxydiphenylsiloxanes, diphenyl dimethicones, diphenylmethyldiphenyltrisiloxanes, 2-phenylethyl trimethylsiloxysilicates and polymethylphenylsiloxanes; and mixtures thereof. [01491 Compositions of the invention may comprise one or more waxes. Examples of such waxes include but are not limited to waxes of animal, plant, mineral or synthetic origin, and mixtures thereof. Suitable hydrocarbon-based waxes include beeswax, lanoline wax, china insect waxes; rice brand wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ouricury wax, asparta wax, berry wax, shellac wax, japan wax and sumac wax, montan wax, orange and lemon waxes, microcrystalline waxes, paraffins and ozokerite; polyethylene waxes, waxes obtained by Fisher-Tropsch synthesis and copolymer waxes, and esters thereof. Other suitable waxes include C 2 0-C 6 0 microcrystalline waxes, such as Microwax HW and the MW 500 polyethylene wax sold under the reference Permalen 50 L polyethylene. Suitable waxes also include waxes obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of animal or plant waxes having linear or branched CS-C32 fatty chains. Other waxes include isomerized jojoba oil, such as the transisomerized partially hydrogenated jojoba oil manufactured or sold by the company Desert Whale under the commercial reference Iso-Jojoba-50*, hydrogenated sunflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated lanoline oil and di(l,1,1-trimethylolpropane) tetrastearate sold under the name Hest 2T-4S* by the company Heterene. Other suitable waxes include silicone waxes (C30-45 Alkyl Dimethicone) and fluorinated waxes. Use may also be made of the waxes obtained by hydrogenation of castor oil esterified with cetyl alcohol, which are sold under the names Phytowax ricin 16L64* and 22L73* by the company Sophim. Such waxes are described in application FR-A-2792190. As wax, use may be made of a C20-C40 alkyl (hydro xystearyloxy) stearate (the alkyl group containing from 20 to 40 carbon atoms), alone or as a mixture. Such a wax is in particular sold under the 47 names Kester Wax K 82 P®, Hydroxypolyester K 82 P® and Kester Wax K 80 P® by the company Koster Keunen. Other suitable waxes include esparto grass wax, lignite waxes, ceresine, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, cork fiber wax, sugar cane wax, hydrogenated oils; plant waxes for instance olive wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax; or the absolute waxes of flowers such as the essential wax of blackcurrant blossom sold by the company Bertin (France); other waxes or waxy starting materials that may be used according to the invention are marine waxes such as the product sold by the company Sophim under the reference M82, and polyethylene waxes or polyolefin waxes in general. [0150] Compositions of the invention may be formulated as any type of formulation appropriate for application to the skin or hair. In some cases the compositions of the invention may be formulated as a lotion, a hand lotion, a sunscreen, a cream, a face cream, a hand cream, a moisturizer, a barrier cream, a hand sanitizer, a soap, a hair lotion, a hair gel, a hair mousse, a shaving cream, a shaving gel, a deodorant, a night emollient cream, a hair treatment course, a hair rinse, a hair spray, a shampoo, a conditioner, a lipstick, a formulation for blow-drying, a formulation for hair setting, a formulation for colouring or bleaching, a styling or treatment lotion, a hair lacquer, or a permanent wave composition. [0151] The anti-acne composition may be in the form of a skin cleansing composition comprising: from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of the 2-propenal polymer anti acne agent (optionally with one or more further anti-acne agents); from about 1 to about 25 percent by weight of at least one alcohol; from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of at least one solubilizer; and water. [0152] The solubilizer may, for example be selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate-20, polysorbate-40, isoceteth-15, isoceteth-20, isoceteth-30, sorbeth-20, sorbeth-40, PEG-40 castor oil, polypropylene glycol-5 ceteth 20, PEG-40 hydrogenated Castor Oil, and combinations thereof. 48 [0153] For the methods of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are applied to the skin and/or the hair in adequate amounts in the manner customary for cosmetics and dermatological agents. The precise amount applied will be dependent on the precise formulation adopted and on the severity of the complaint for which the composition is being applied. [0154] The compositions may be applied to skin or hair while wet or while dry. In some cases, the compositions will be rinsed from the skin or hair immediately after applying, as in a process of washing the hair or skin. In other cases the compositions may be applied and left in contact with the skin for a variable period of time, after which the composition is removed. In still other cases, the compositions may be rubbed onto or into the skin or hair and left, as in application a hand cream or certain leave-in hair conditioners. [0155] In some instances the methods of the invention will be applied in association with other treatments or methods. For instance, when the methods of the invention involve the application of a composition formulated as a shampoo, this might be applied in association with an appropriate conditioner. In other cases, the methods of the invention might involve the application of compositions of the invention as a conditioner in association with an appropriate shampoo. In some cases the compositions of the invention may be applied as formulations used while rinsing the hair before or after shampooing, before or after permanent wave treatment, or before or after colouring or bleaching the hair. [0156] The antifungal, anti-acne or anti-dandruff compositions may comprise one or more additional antifungal, anti-acne or anti-dandruff agents which may provide synergy or complementary activity. [0157] Preferably, the further anti-acne agent is selected from desquamators, keratolytics, comedolytics and exfoliants. Desquamators, keratolytics, comedolytics and exfoliants aid in the penetration of the active into the skin, and compounds which are 49 capable of serving one or more of these functions are well known in the art. A compound may have one or more of these properties, for example a desquamator may also act as a keratolytic. [0158] The further anti-acne agent is preferably selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, resorcinol monoacetate, sulfur, salicylic acid, derivatives of salicylic acid having one or more (C1 to C12) alkyl and/or (CI to C12) alkoxy groups on the aromatic ring (e.g., 5-n-octyl salicylic acid, 5-n-octanoyl salicylic acid and 2-hydroxy-3 methoxybenzoic acid), phenol, cresol, metacresyl acetate, lactic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, urea, N-acetyl cysteine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl esters and combinations of retinol and retinyl esters with retinoid boosters. Retinoid boosters are compounds that mimic the effect of retinoic acid on skin by enhancing the conversion of retinol or retinyl esters to retinoic acid. Retinoid boosters may be used singly or as combinations of two or more compounds. Retinoid boosters are described in WO 02/02074, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Specific retinoid boosters include, for example, ceramides, phosphatidyl choline, linoleic acid, 12 hydroxystearic acid and climbazole. [0159] The most preferred further anti-acne agents are selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, sulfur and salicylic acid. [0160] These other anti-acne agents are preferably present in the compositions in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 20% by weight, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%. Mixtures of these additional anti-acne actives may also be used. [0161] A further group of anti-acne agents that may be included in compositions of the invention, in addition to the above anti-acne agents or instead of the above anti-acne agents, are antibacterials (including antibiotics and antimicrobials), antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals (e.g., benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, erythromycin, triclosan, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxy ethanol and phenoxy propanol, ethyl acetate, 50 clindamycin and meclocycline, chlorhexidine, tetracycline, neomycin, miconazole hydrochloride, octopirox, parachlorometaxylenol, nystatin, tolnaftate, clotrimazole, cetylpyridinium chloride and the like). [0162] When a composition according to the present invention comprises an additional topically active ingredient effective in the treatment of acne, most preferably salicylic acid is used. Salicylic acid is preferably incorporated into the composition according to the invention as the free acid. However, the pH of the composition may, and generally will, be such that the salicylic acid exists in the composition in dissociated form. As the composition may well contain cationic counterions, the salicylic acid may then be thought of as being present in salt form. Alternatively, the salicylic acid may be incorporated into the composition in salt form, e.g. as a salt with a Group I metal, such as sodium salicylate. As used herein, unless the context requires otherwise, any and all references to salicylic acid should be taken to encompass references to the acid and to dissociated forms and salts thereof. [0163] The concentration of salicylic acid in a preferred composition according to the invention is preferably at least 0.01 % by weight, more preferably at least 0.1 %, most preferably at least 0.5% and especially at least 1 % by weight. [0164] The concentration of salicylic acid is preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, most preferably less than 4% and especially less than 3% by weight. The concentration of salicylic acid may therefore fall in the range 0.01 % to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 5%, and most preferably 0.5% to 4% and especially 1 to 3% by weight. A particularly preferred concentration of salicylic acid is 2% by weight. [0165] The composition may comprise from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of one or more additional antifungal agents although such agents are not generally required in order to provide useful antifungal activity. Examples of additional antifungal agents may be selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, triclosan, trichlorocarbanilide, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, monoammonium 51 glycyrrhizinate, allantoin, isopropylmethylphenol, ketoconazole, climbazole and salicylic acid. [0166] One of the significant advantages, however, of the anti-acne composition, is that it also exhibits an anti-fungal activity so that the composition may be free of additional anti fungal agents without loss of activity against fungal infections although additional agents may be used if desired. [01671 The complexes of copper such as is the copper complex of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid may be present in the compositions to mask the odor of additional antidandruff or anti-fungal agents although the active poly(2-propenal) polymer generally has little or no odor. [0168] In one embodiment the antifungal composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of shampoo, conditioner, aerosol spray, gel, paste, cream, lotion, sponge, emulsion, soap or ointment. [0169] In one embodiment the antifungal is for treatment of dandruff and in the form of shampoo. The shampoo may be prepared as rinse-off or leave-on after-shampoo products, as well as two stage treatment shampoos. Additionally, the composition may also be prepared as a stand-alone conditioner or pre- or post-shampoo conditioner. In a preferred embodiment, the compositions are administered as a shampoo, then as a conditioner after the shampoo is rinsed away and optionally in a higher concentration form, such as a gel, subsequently thereto. Each of these forms is well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, such that dosages may easily be prepared to incorporate the antidandruff composition. [0170] In one embodiment the anti-acne composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of aerosol spray, gel, paste, cream, lotion, sponge, emulsion, or ointment, stick and patch. 52 [0171] The antifungal or anti-acne composition for use in the methods of the present invention suitable for topical administration may be presented as discrete units including aerosol sprays, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as a powder, stick, or granules, as creams (e.g., a conditioner), pastes, gels, lotions (e.g., a sunscreen), ointments, on sponges or cotton applicators, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid, a non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. Such compositions may be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy, but all methods include the step of bringing into association the carrier(s) with the active ingredient, which comprises the poly(2-propenal) polymer. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation. [0172] In one embodiment the antifungal composition is an aqueous alcohol composition optionally additionally comprising one or more of the components referred to above. In this embodiment the content of alcohols such as one or more selected from lower alkanols (C1 to C4 alkanol), alkane diols, polyalkylene diol may be in the range of from 1 to 99.9% and preferably from 10 to 60% by weight. In one embodiment the composition contains a weight ratio of alkanol to alkanediol in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. [0173] The polymer of 2-propenal has been found to confer film forming properties on the composition and may provide an advantage in improving the contact between the affected areas of skin and the active components including the polymer of 2-propenal. Further the polymer of 2-propenal may confer an attractive skin feel making it more desirable for application to the skin and for leave-on antifungal compositions. [0174] In addition to the conditions included above, compositions according to the invention may also be useful in the treatment of rosacea, dermaphytoses, impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis, ecthyma, eczema, psoriasis, herpes, epidermolysis bullosa and icthyosis. Compositions according to the invention may also be useful for preventing or 53 treating infection of traumatic lesions (such as ulcers, minor burns, cuts, abrasions, lacerations, wounds, biopsy sites, surgical incisions and insect bites). [0175] Examples of materials and methods for use with the compositions and methods of the present invention will now be provided. In providing these examples, it is to be understood that the specific nature of the following description is not to limit the generality of the above description. 54 EXAMPLES [0176] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was used in powdered form obtained by the following method. Water (720 mL at ambient temperature, about 200C) and 2-propenal (60g; freshly distilled) were placed in an open beaker, within a fume cupboard and vigorously stirred. Then, 0.2M aqueous sodium hydroxide (21.4 mL) was added to bring the pH to 10.5 - 11.0. Within a minute, the clear solution became milky and then precipitation of a white flocculant polymer began, and appeared complete within 30 minutes. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water (250 mL), dried at room temperature (2 days) to yield 25g of white polypropenal. The polymer was spread on trays and heated in a temperature controlled oven at 40"C/8 hours. This heating was continued at the schedules: 5 0 c/1 5 hours; 650C/4 hours/75"C/1 8 hours; 840C/24 hours. [0177] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was also prepared by preparing polypropenal as above, but alternatively dissolving the polymer (10g) as a 10% solution in ethanol, adding 30% w/w hydrogen peroxide 4.5 mL). The solution was heated at 750C for 2 hours. The ethanol was evaporated and the product dried to give a white semi crystalline product. [0178] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) produced by either oxidation method have identical physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. [0179] The compositions of Examples 1 to 32 may be prepared by mixing the poly(2 propenal, 2-propenoic acid) with the alcohol portions with mild heating to no more than 700C if necessary to dissolve the polymer. Once dissolved, the remaining components are mixed with the solution to provide a homogenous composition. 55 Example 1 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 propanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 2 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,3-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 56 Example 3 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 pentanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-pentanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 4 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 hexanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-hexanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 57 Example 5 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 heptanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-heptanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 6 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 octanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-octanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 58 Example 7 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 nonanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-nonanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 8 - Hair Lotion Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 decanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-decanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 59 Example 9 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-propanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 10 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,3-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 60 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 11 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-pentanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-pentanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 61 Example 12 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-hexanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-hexanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 13 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-heptanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-heptanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 62 Component %(w/w) %(w/w) %(w/w) %(w/w) Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 14 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-octanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-octanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 63 Example 15 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-nonanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-nonanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 16 - Hair Treatment Course Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-decanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-decanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 64 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 17 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 propanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 65 Example 18 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 19 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 pentanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-pentanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 66 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Total 100 100 100 100 Example 20 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 hexanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-hexanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 21 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 heptanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-heptanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 67 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Preservatives, r era e , 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 22 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 octanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-octanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 23 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 nonanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 68 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-nonanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 24 - Hair Rinse Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 decanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-decanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 69 Example 25 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 propanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 26 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 70 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 27 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 pentanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-pentanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 71 Example 28 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 hexanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-hexanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 29 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 heptanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 72 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-heptanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 30 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 octanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-octanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 73 Example 31 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 nonanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-nonanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 32 - Shampoo Formulations: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2 decanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 74 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-decanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 33 - Antimicrobial Activity of Compositions of the Invention [0180] Samples were prepared by adding selected C 3

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1 oalkanediols to a final concentration of either 2000 or 10000 ppm in an ethanolic solution of poly(2-propenal, 2 propenoic acid) (2000 ppm). Compositions studied are tabulated in Table 1. Table 1: Composition of C 3

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1 oalkanediol / poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) [PPPA] Antimicrobial Compositions (Concentrations are ppm in ethanol) Example 1,2- 1,3- 1,2- 1,2- PPPA No. propandiol butanediol hexanediol octanediol 1 0 0 0 0 2000 2 2000 0 0 0 2000 3 10000 0 0 0 2000 4 0 2000 0 0 2000 5 0 10000 0 0 2000 6 0 0 2000 0 2000 7 0 0 10000 0 2000 8 0 0 0 2000 2000 9 0 0 0 10000 2000 75 [0181] The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was thereafter determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739 strain) after evaporation of the ethanol. The MIC values determined are tabulated in Table 2. Table 2: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Results for Examples 1-9 Example 1,2- 1,3- 1,2- 1,2- PPPA MIC No. propandiol butanediol hexanediol octanediol ppm 1 0 0 0 0 2000 62.5 2 2000 0 0 0 2000 31.25 3 10000 0 0 0 2000 15.6 4 0 2000 0 0 2000 15.6 5 0 10000 0 0 2000 15.6 6 0 0 2000 0 2000 15.6 7 0 0 10000 0 2000 7.8 8 0 0 0 2000 2000 31.25 9 0 0 0 10000 2000 15.6 [0182] It is evident that the minimum inhibitory concentration determined in the presence of a C 3

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1 0 alkanediol is substantially lower than that determined with the poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). Moreover there is a substantial improvement relative to the minimum inhibitory concentration of 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol against E.coli (These have previously been reported to be 10,000 ppm and 6,300 ppm, respectively.) The improved MIC is also observed throughout the series of C 3 -1 0 alkanediols, rather than being more evident with C 6

.

1 oalkanediols. These results indicate the synergistic antimicrobial activity of compositions according to the invention. 76 EXAMPLES 34 - 36 Placebo controlled Study Trial with active at 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm [0183] The purpose of this placebo controlled study is to evaluate the efficacy of an anti dandruff treatment when tested over a 16 days period. Efficacy was evaluated for each subject through analysis of debris collection via D-Squame surface sampling discs. In addition the efficacy and tolerance were evaluated using panelist self-assessment via questionnaire responses. Sample Description [0184] A control placebo was prepared by combining the following components in the amounts by weight specified. Component Weight % Propylene glycol 10% Ethanol 40% Water to 100% [0185] Corresponding compositions of Examples 34 to 36 which were used in the three arms of the study, were prepared by dissolving poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) ("PPPA") in powdered form in the alcohol component and mixing the alcohol solution with water to provide a homogenous solution. Example No. Concentration of PPPA Control 0 ppm Example 34 500 ppm Example 35 1000 ppm Example 36 2000 ppm 77 Test Material Evaluation Prerequisite [0186] Prior to induction of a human test panel, toxicology, microbiology or in-vitro performance spectra may be required to assess the feasibility of commencement as dictated by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) described in Section 4.4. Test Material Handling [0187] Upon arrival at the testing laboratory, the test materials were assigned unique laboratory code numbers and entered into a daily log identifying the lot number, sample description, sponsor, date received and tests requested. Population Demographics Number of subjected enrolled in each arm of the study ............ 6 Number of subjects completing study ................................... 6 A ge R ange ................................................................ 32 - 71 S e x ..................................... M ale ............................. .... 4 Fem ale ............................. 2 Race .................................... C aucasian ......................... 6 [0188] Subjects with a history of any form of skin cancer, melanoma, lupus, connective tissue disease, diabetes or any disease that would increase risk associated with study participation. [0189] Individuals diagnosed with chronic skin allergies or with history of hypersensitivity to cosmetics in general. Methodology [0190] Six healthy subjects (males and females) between the ages of 32 and 71 were inducted into this study. The subjects were pre-qualified for participation based on restrictions described in the inclusion/exclusion criteria in Section 4.1 and 4.2. In order to pre-condition the test sites and keep all treatments consistent during the study, the panelists were required to use only a baby shampoo product for a period of 7 days prior 78 to study commencement and to use only the assigned test material throughout the study period. Study Design: Day 1: Scalp debris collection (Baseline) Day 1-7: 7 day use with Placebo Day 8: Scalp debris collection post Placebo Day 8-15: 7 day use with active Day 16: Scalp debris collection post active [0191) All participants were instructed to apply test materials according to the following sponsor supplied directions: Shampoo your hair using normal (not anti-dandruff) shampoo. Towel dry and then apply sufficient amount of the test product (about 5-7ml) to the scalp and massage in well. Use as a leave-on product once a day. [0192] Participants were provided with a daily log and instructed to record the time of each application together with any subjective comments regarding product usage. Scalp debris collection via D-Squame surface sampling (described below) at fixed anatomical locations was employed prior to the initial application, after 8 days of the first application of control Placebo and again after 8 days of the first application of Example composition. [0193] In addition, participants were asked to fill out a self-assessment questionnaire prior to the initial application of Placebo + Active and again after 7 days of treatment. D-SQUAME Skin Sampling Discs [0194] Adhesive discs take the trial and error out of sampling the cells of the superficial stratum corneum (top layer of skin). These crystal clear discs provide the required rigidity and adhesion to uniformly sample a fixed area of skin surface. The clear polymer 79 discs provide optimum visibility of adhering skin cells and allow staining by many histological preparations. [0195] D-Squame disc is applied to clean, dry skin surface. It is pressed firmly for a few seconds using thumb or fingertips, and then transferred to a black square on the storage card where is compared with reference patterns. Heavy amount of scaling represents pattern 5. Normal skin producing a few areas of small clumps of cells or a fine even single layer of cells represents pattern 1. Statistical Source Data [0196] The source data are collected Questionnaire responses and D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs employed prior to application (Baseline) and again after 8 (Post Treatment - Placebo) and 16 days following the applications of the Example materials. The data used in the statistical analysis reflect changes from Baseline and Post Treatment - Placebo evaluation. [0197] D-SQUAME Skin Sampling Discs method describes pattern representing 100% improvement in the condition (no scaliness) as 1, therefore the following formula was used to calculate the reduction in scalp flakiness: %Reuction = - -- ) X ~0z/x where: x = Baseline (Day 1) - D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs test mean results y = Post Treatment - Placebo (Day 8) D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs test mean results z = 1 - minimum D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs value (100% reduction) or x = Post Treatment - Placebo (Day 8) D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs test mean results y = Post Treatment - Active (Day 16) D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs test mean results z = 1 - minimum D-Squame Skin Sampling Discs value (100% reduction) 80 Results [0198] The results are shown in the following tables and Figures: Example 34 Table 3 & 4 Fig. 1 Example 35 Table 5 & 6 Fig. 2 Example 36 Table 7 & 8 Fig. 3 Observations [0199] No adverse effects or unexpected reactions of any kind were observed on any of the subjects. Conclusions: [0200] Within the limits imposed by the conduct and population size of the study described herein, the anti-dandruff test treatment with poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) demonstrated dramatic reduction in mean flakiness of scalp after 7 days use (Day 16). Observed differences in surface scaling of the site of the head treated with the test regimen are considered statistically significant with a maximum reduction observed on Day 16 of the study. [0201] Subjective questionnaire responses corroborated the skin surface sampling data. Throughout the test period, the majority of test panelists perceived the test product to be an effective anti-dandruff product and that it reduced the conditions associated with dandruff. 81 Table 3 Flake Reduction via D-Squame Score (Mean Score) 500ppm Baseline Post Treatment - Post Treatment (Day 1) Placebo (Day 8) Active (Day 16) Mean 4.17 4.09 3.30 % Difference: -25.61% % Maximum Reduction: -58.33% p 0.026* t 3.124* *Statistically Significant Flake Reduction via D-Square Score (Mean Score) - 500ppm 4.09 U 4.5 3.3 -25.61% ci, 3.5T-t-t 3 2.5 1.5 0.5 Pbst Treatme nt - Pbst Treatment - Active Placebo (Day 8) (Day 16) 82 Product Questionnaire Summary [0202] Intensity of perceived dandruff related condition was ranked in the following scale: 0 None 1 Barely 2 - 3 Slightly 4-5 Definitely 6-7 Moderately 8 - 9 Dramatically 10 The Most Intense Imaginable Table 4 ITCHY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POSTTREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 6.67 3.67 % Improvement 45.00% DRY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POSTTREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 6.3 3.5 % Improvement 44.74% 83 FLAKY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POST TREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 6.67 4 % Improvement 40.00% Visual Dandruff Grading Summary via D-Squame Score Table 5 Flake Reduction via D-Squame Score (Mean Score) 1000ppm Baseline Post Treatment - Post Treatment (Day 1) Placebo (Day 8) Active (Day 16) Mean 3.83 3.96 2.83 % Difference: -38.03% % Maximum Reduction: -78.57% p 0.032* t 2.957* *Statistically Significant 84 Flake Reduction via D-Squame Score (Mean Score) - 1000ppm 3.96 00 2.83 4 -38.03* 3a5 3 1.5 ~' 1 0.5 0 Post Treatment - Placebo (Day 8) Post Treabtent - Actve ([ay 16) Product Questionnaire Summary [0203] Intensity of perceived dandruff related condition was assessed in the following scale: 0 None 1 Barely 2 - 3 Slightly 4-5 Definitely 6-7 Moderately 8 -9 Dramatically 10 The Most Intense Imaginable 85 Table 6 ITCHY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POST TREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 4.33 2.67 % Improvement 38.46% DRY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POST TREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 5.33 2.83 % Improvement 46.88% FLAKY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POST TREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 5.83 4 % Improvement 31.43% 86 Visual Dandruff Grading Summary via D-Squame Score Table 7 Flake Reduction via D-Squame Score (Mean Score) 2000ppm Baseline Post Treatment - Post Treatment (Day 1) Placebo (Day 8) Active (Day 16) Mean 3.35 3.50 2.35 % Difference: -46.00% % Maximum Reduction: -88.89% p 0.019* t 3.413* *Statistically Significant Flake Reduction via D-Squame Score (Mean Score) - 2000ppm 3.5 235 3.5 0 3 d) 25 1 Post Treanuut - Plaebo (Day 8) Post Treabnet - Actve (Day 16) 87 Product Questionnaire Summary [0204] Intensity of perceived dandruff related condition was assessed in the following scale: 0 None 1 Barely 2 - 3 Slightly 4- 5 Definitely 6 - 7 Moderately 8 - 9 Dramatically 10 The Most Intense Imaginable Table 8 ITCHY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POSTTREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 6.2 1.8 % Improvement 70.97% DRY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POST TREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 6.6 2.6 % Improvement 60.61% 88 FLAKY SCALP PRE TREATMENT POST TREATMENT DAY 16 Mean 7.00 2.00 % Improvement 71.43% ANTI-ACNE EXAMPLES Example 37 [0205] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was used in powdered form obtained by the following method. Water (720 mL at ambient temperature, about 200C) and 2-propenal (60g; freshly distilled) were placed in an open beaker, within a fume cupboard and vigorously stirred. Then, 0.2M aqueous sodium hydroxide (21.4 mL) was added to bring the pH to 10.5 - 11.0. Within a minute, the clear solution became milky and then precipitation of a white flocculant polymer began, and appeared complete within 30 minutes. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water (250 mL), dried at room temperature (2 days) to yield 25g of white polypropenal. The polymer was spread on trays and heated in a temperature controlled oven at 400C/8 hours. This heating was continued at the schedules : 50 0 c/1 5 hours; 650C/4 hours/75*C/1 8 hours; 84*C/24 hours. [0206] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was also prepared by preparing polypropenal as above, but alternatively dissolving the polymer (10g) as a 10% solution in ethanol, adding 30% w/w hydrogen peroxide 4.5 mL). The solution was heated at 750C for 2 hours. The ethanol was evaporated and the product dried to give a white semi-crystalline product. [0207] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) produced by either oxidation method have identical physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. 89 [0208] The compositions of Examples 38 to 47 may be prepared by mixing the poly(2 propenal, 2-propenoic acid) with the alcohol portions with mild heating to no more than 70 0 C if necessary to dissolve the polymer. Once dissolved, the remaining components are mixed with the solution to provide a homogenous composition. Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-propanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 38 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,3-butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,3-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 90 Example 39 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-pentanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-pentanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 40 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-hexanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-hexanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 91 Example 41 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-heptanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-heptanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 42 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-octanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-octanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 92 Example 43 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-nonanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-nonanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 44 Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-decanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Alcohol 50 50 50 50 Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-decanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5 Total 100 100 100 100 93 Example 45 Treatment Course Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-propanediol Component % (w/w) %(w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 83.25 81.3 82.45 80.5 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 46 Anti-acne composition containing Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and Salicylic Acid Component % Weight Ethanol (SD 40B Alcohol 20 Salicylic Acid 0.5 Poly(2-pro penal, 2-propenoic 1.0 acid) Aloe Vera Gel 0.5 Menthol 0.05 Witch Hazel Distillate 5.0 Na Methyl cocoyl Taurate or 1.0 Na Methyl Oleoyl Taurate Quaternium-22 1.0 Disodium EDTA 0.005 Water to 100 94 Example 47 [0209] This Example determined the susceptibility of Propionicbacterium acnes strains to poly (2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) [PPPA] using agar based test methods (disc diffusion and agar well diffusion). Description of test system [0210] A panel of 198 bacterial and fungal strains was tested for PPPA susceptibility. This panel included isolates of human, veterinary and environmental interest. [0211] For aerobic bacterial strains, the primary test method used for detecting PPPA activity was disc diffusion on M9 minimal medium. [0212] For Propionicbacterium acnes, the test method was disc diffusion on Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) supplemented with 5% v/v defibrinated horse blood. Procedure: preparation of PPPA stock solution and antimicrobial discs [0213] 0.75g of poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) (also referred to herein as "PPPA") was accurately weighed and transferred to a 5 ml volumetric flask. The solid material was dissolved as completely as possible in 95% ethanol. Ultrasonication (minimum 30 minutes) was applied to aid dissolution. The solution was then left at room temperature overnight to achieve complete dissolution. Final concentration of PPPA in this stock solution was 0.15 grams per ml (150 mg/ml). [0214] PPPA stock solution was used on the day of preparation (after the overnight dissolution period) and any excess was discarded at the end of the working day. [0215] Blank paper discs designed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (diameter 6.5 mm) were purchased from Mast Group Limited, UK (blank MastdiscsTM - product code BD0638W). The mean volume of water that could be completely absorbed by one blank disc had been previously calculated as 25 pl. 95 [0216] Test article stock solution was used to prepare PPPA-impregnated paper discs. A 20 pl volume of the stock solution was pipetted onto each disc. Thus, total mass of PPPA on each disc was 3 mg (3000 pg). Sterilized forceps were used to manipulate the discs. Discs were allowed to dry completely in a 35*C incubator and were then stored in labelled containers at 50C ±3*C. Discs were used within 1 week of preparation. Procedure: preparation of bacterial inocula [0217] The Propionibacterium acnes bacteria were subcultured from frozen stocks on FAA. The nutrient agar was incubated at 350C ±10C or 370C ±10C (bacteria) for approximately 24 hours. [0218] Each incubated plate was carefully inspected to confirm the presence of a pure culture; further subcultures were prepared if necessary. [0219] From each pure culture, three to five well-isolated colonies of a single morphological type were sampled by touching with a sterile bacteriological loop. Bacterial cells collected in this way were suspended in a 5 - 10 ml volume of sterile MRD, with vortex mixing, until homogenous turbidity equivalent to that of a 0.5 McFarland Standard was attained. A bacterial suspension adjusted in this way contained approximately 1 x10 8 cfu per ml. [0220] Each inoculum was used within 15 minutes of preparation. [0221] A single plate of the Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) was inoculated by streaking the swab over the entire sterile agar surface. This was repeated by streaking two more times, rotating the plate approximately 60 degrees each time, to ensure an even distribution of inoculum. Finally, the outer rim of the agar was swabbed. [0222] The lid of the agar plate was left ajar for 3 to 5 minutes, but no more than 15 minutes, to allow the excess surface moisture to be absorbed before the antibiotic impregnated discs were applied. 96 [0223] PPPA discs were removed from the refrigerator and the contents were allowed to equilibrate at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours. [0224] A single disc was placed on each inoculated agar plate. The disc was gently pressed down with a sterile loop or needle in order to ensure close contact with the agar surface. Once a disc had been placed on the agar surface it was not moved. Procedure: incubation of disc diffusion plates [0225] After the discs had been applied (within 15 minutes), plates were inverted and incubated at 35*C ±10C for 16 - 18 hours in the appropriate incubation atmosphere. Procedure: reading and interpretation of disc diffusion tests [0226] After incubation, a confluent lawn of bacterial growth was clearly visible, with a uniformly circular zone of inhibition around the disc (if measurable inhibition had occurred). [0227] The diameter of each zone of inhibition was measured to the nearest mm. The plate was held above a black, non-reflecting background illuminated with reflected light and the zone was measured using calibrated digital calipers. The inhibition zone was recorded as the area showing no visible growth as discerned by the unaided eye. 97 RESULTS [0228] Measurable zones of inhibition around the PPPA disc were obtained using the agar disc diffusion method. The results of that assay for 15 isolates of Propionibacterium acnes are presented in Table 1. [0229] Zone diameter results for control strains are presented in Table 2. Table 1 Sample Organism Test Medium Zone diameter I Propionibacterium acnes FAA 21.2 2 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 21.8 3 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 23.4 4 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 15.6 5 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 24.4 6 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 22.9 7 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 20.7 8 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 25.7 9 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 22.5 10 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 26.2 11 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 21.2 12 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 21.2 13 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 25.8 14 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 20.6 15 Propionibacterium acnes FAA 20.9 98 Table 2 Zone diameter results for control strains Zone diameter (mm) in each experiment ATCC Orga[culture medium shown in brackets] number Organism 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [M9] [ISA] [ISA] [ISA] [M9] [ISA] [ISA] [M9] [ISA] 25922 Escherichia 24.6 NT NT NT 28.7 11.7 NT 28.5 NT coil 8739 Escherichia 23.2 NT NT NT 30.3 12.0 NT 29.4 NT coli 29213 Staphylococcus NT 18.9 NT 16.6 NT 17.8 19.2 NT 16.6 aureus 27853 Pseudomonas 19.0 NT NT NT 16.5 10.9 NT 19.4 NT aeruginosa 49619 Streptococcus NT 16.6 17.1 NT NT NT NT NT 18.6 pneumoniae' 43497 Streptococcus NT 16.1 15.1 NT NT NT NT NT 15.1 cans NT - not tested M9 - Minimal Medium ISA - ISO sensitive agar [0230] The results demonstrate effectiveness of PPPA in control of Propionibacterium acnes which is primarily responsible for acne. 99 FURTHER FORUMLATIONS Example 48 - Hair Rinse Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,3 butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Hydroxyethyl- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 cellulose Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,3-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye Water 86.55 84.6 85.75 83.8 Total 100 100 100 100 Example 49 - Shampoo Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,3 butanediol Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth- 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl- 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 betaine Disodium Laureth- 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 sulfosuccinate Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid) 1,3-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 Pearlescent agent 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Preservatives, fragrance, dye, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 thickeners Water 76.25 74.3 75.45 73.5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Example 50 - Skin Cleansing Formulations Copnet % % % % % % % % %(/ % Component (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) % (w/w) Sodium Laureth 6.80 6.30 8.00 8.50 5.40 1.80 Sulfate Sodium Myreth 7.10 4.80 3.20 2.70 Sulfate Cocoamidopropyl 5.20 4.70 3.00 2.80 5.10 4.80 6.40 3.70 Betaine ___ Sodium 3.50 Cocoamphoacetate Decyl Glucoside 2.30 1.80 2.00 2.80 2.10 0.30 Lauryl Glucoside 0.60 Sodium Methyl 0.48 Cocoyl Taurate Disodium Cocoyl 0.50 Glutamate Acrylates 2.40 2.20 Copolymer PEG-200 Hydrogenated 0.40 2.70 0.40 0.40 1.00 0.50 Glyceryl Palmate PEG-90 Glyceryl 0.14 0.30 0.70 Isostearate PEG-120 Methyl 0.10 Glucose Dioleate Laureth-2 0.01 0.03 0.07 Laureth-4 0.30 PEG-40 Hydrogenated 0.40 0.80 0.30 0.40 0.50 1.00 0.40 0.50 0.50 Castor Oil PEG-7Glyceryl 2.00 1.75 0.30 0.18 0.20 1.00 0.50 Cocoate_________ ___ Glycol Distearate 0.60 0.60 0.30 Styrene/Acrylate 0.40 Copolymer Glycerol 0.30 8.60 0.30 1.70 Sorbitol 17.50 Polyquaternium-7 0.30 Polyquaternium-1 0 0.20 0.10 0.10 Sodium Chloride 0.15 1 0.40 0.80 0.60 Acrylates/C1 0-30 Alkyl Acrylate 0.90 Crosspolymer Xanthan Gum 0.25 Carbomer 1.20 Menthol 0.10 Polyethylene 0.40 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.25 0.50 0.01 0.03 2.00 0.75 1.00 propenoic acid) I I I1 101 Natrium Benzoate 0.45 0.45 0.40 0.40 Natrium Salicylate 0.40 0.20 Methyl Parabene 0.35 0.30 Propyl Parabene 0.35 0.20 1,2-Pentadiole 0.20 Piroctone Olamine 0.10 1,2-Hexandiole 0.20 Phenoxyethanole 0.90 Trisodium EDTA 0.20 0.20 0.10 Potassium Sorbate 0.10 Perfume 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 Water ad 00 00 00 00 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ____________100 100 100 100 100 adQ adO adO adO adC Example 51: Hair Care Cleansing Formulations Component% % % % % % % % Cmoet(w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) Water Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sodium Laureth Sulfate 10 10 9 12 10 12 12 10 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 2 1.5 3 1.5 3 2 2 3 Cocamide DEA 3 2 2 3 Polyquaternium-10 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Polyquaternium-7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Chloride Dimethicone 2 1 2 2.5 Perfume 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 pH Adjuster q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. PEG-3 Distearate 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.25 0.50 1.00 0.03 2.00 Piroctone Olamine 0.10 Sodium Benzoate 0.35 0.45 0.40 Sodium Salicylate 0.40 0.20 Methyl Parabene 0.35 Propyl Parabene 0.35 1,2-Pentadiole 0.20 Methylpropanediole 3.00 Phenoxyethanole 0.90 Trisodium EDTA 0.20 0.20 102 Example 52: Hair Care Conditioner Formulations Component% % % % % % Component_ (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (ww) (ww) Methylparabene 0.25 Propylparabene 0.1 1,2-Pentadiol 0.3 1,2-Hexandiol 0.4 Ethylhexylglycrol 0.5 Priroctone Olamin 0.05 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.01 0.03 0.50 0.75 1.00 2.00 Phenoxyethanole 0.50 Water Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. 100 100 100 100 100 100 Citric Acid 0.01 0.01 Cetearyl Alcohol 3.5 4.44 Cetyl Alcohol 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Trisodium EDTA 1 Lactic Acid 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.84 Glycerol 5 Sodium Hydroxide 0.03 0.03 Sodium Chloride 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Stearyl Alcohol 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Cetrimonium Chloride 2 Distearoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium 2.86 Methosulfate Oryzanol 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Palmitamidopropyl-trimonium Chloride 1.66 Coco Betaine 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine 2 1.5 2 2.5 Water + Silicone Quaternium-18 + Trideceth-6 5 3 2 2.5 + Trideceth-1 2 Behentrimonium Methosulfate 2.73 Dimethicone + Cocamidopropyl Betaine + C12-15 Pareth-3 + Guar 2 4 1 1 3 Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride 103 Example 53: Hair Conditioner Formulations Comonnt% % % % % % % % Component (ww) (w/w) J ) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) Methylparaben 0.25 Propylparaben 0.1 1,2-Pentadiol 0.5 1,2-Hexandiol 0.1 Ethylhexylglycrol 0.5 Priroctone Olamin 0.1 Glyceryl Stearate 1 Aqua Ad 100 Ad 100 Ad 100 Ad 100 Ad 100 Ad 100 Ad 100 Ad 100 Octyldodecanol 1 Citric Acid 0.01 0.005 0.025 0.075 Cetearyl Alcohol 3.1 5.24 5.74 1 Cetyl Alcohol 2 3.81 4.05 4.05 Dimethicone 1 1 3 3 3 Lactic Acid 0.85 0.85 0.85 Benzophenone-4 0.25 0.25 0.25 Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2 2 1 1 1 Glycerol 8.7 0 0 5 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.03 2.00 acid) Water + Sodium Hydroxide 0.025 0.06 0.15 0.15 0.025 Hydroxyethylcell ulose 0.75 0.25 0.25 0.25 Sodium Chloride 0.01 0.01 0.01 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 0.25 0.1 0.2 Cetearyl Alcohol + 0.2 Behentrimonium Chloride Stearyl Alcohol 4 7.3152 7.776 7.776 Cetrimonium Chloride 4 0.4 Dicaprylyl Ether 1 Distearoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium 2 2 2.86 Methosulfate + Cetearyl Alcohol Oryzanol 0.05 0.05 0.05 DMDM Hydantoin 0.4 Silicone Quaternium-16 + Undeceth-1 1 + Butyloctanol + 2 Undeceth-5 Cyclomethicone 2 Palm itamidopropyltrimonium 3 1 .65 Chloride + Propylene Glycol Coco Betaine 0.85 3.22 3.22 Polyquaternium-68 7.5 3.75 1.875 Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine 2.2 2.2 2.2 104 Perfume 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 Polyquaternium-89 1.5 1 1.2 1.5 1 2 1.5 1 Example 54: Water in Oil Emulsion Formulations Component% % % % % % % Cmoet(w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate 0.5 3 Lanolin Alcohol 1 1.5 3 Triglycerindiisostearate 1 0.5 0.25 2 3 Diglycerindipolyhydroxystearate 1 1.5 1.75 3 2 Parafinic oil 12.5 10 8 5 11.5 10 8 Vaseline 8 6 5 12 2.5 6 5 Hydrated cocoglycerides 2 1 2.5 5 0.25 1 2.5 Decyloleate 0.5 0.75 1 2 0.25 0.75 1 Octyldodecanol 0.5 1 0.75 3 0.25 1 0.75 Aluminiumstearate 0.4 0.3 0.6 1 0.05 0.3 0.6 Dicaprylylcarbonate 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.5 1 0.05 0.15 Hydrated Castor oil 0.5 0.75 1 2.5 5 0.75 1 Silicone Elastomer Gel 20 Magnesiumsulfat 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 1 0.6 0.5 Glycerol 3 5 10 15 1.5 5 30 Citric Acid 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 1 0.1 0.2 Sodiumcitrate 0.2 0.05 0.4 0.3 2 0.05 0.4 Perfume 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 Ethanol 5 15 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 2 0.25 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.25 0.5 Phenoxyethanole 0.5 lodopropylcarbamate 0.05 Butylene Glycol 3.5 5 Capryl-/Caprinssuretriglyceride 2 2.5 3 5 0.5 2.5 3 Benzylalcohole 0.15 Water ad ad ad ad ad ad ad W 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Example 55: Water in Silicon Emulsion Formulations Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone 1 3 5 Cylomethicon + PEG/PPG-18/18 10 12.5 25 Dimethicon (9:1) Cylomethicone 12.5 15 22 20 15.5 Dimethicone 5 13 5 12 15 Hydragenated Polyisobuten 0.5 0.75 1 2 0.25 Octyldodecanol 0.5 1 0.75 3 0.25 Panthenol 0.5 1 0.75 0.25 0.1 Sodium Chloride 2 0.6 2.5 0.7 1 105 Glycerol 3 5 10 15 1.5 Citric Acid 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 1 Sodium citrate 1 0.1 0.4 0.9 2.5 Perfume q,s, q,s, q,s, q,s, q,s, Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.1 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.5 N-Lauryl-L-Arginine Thyl Ester 0.5 Monochloride Benzethoniumchloride 0.5 DMDM Hydantoin 0.1 Diazolidinyl Urea 0.25 Microcrystalline Cellulose 1 0.1 0.5 0.25 0.1 Silicon Elastomer Gel 20 10 Benzylalcohol 0.05 0.1 Modified starch 2.5 0.15 Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 Example 56: Hydrodispersion Formulations Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Cyclomethicone 8 10 5 3 Diemthicone 1 3 Dimethiconol 1 2 3 3 Ethanol 5 1.5 7.5 Natriumpolyacrylat 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 Methylpropandiol 3 2 5 Glycerol 9 15 5 7.5 25 Carbomer 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.15 Acrylates/C1O-30Alkyl Acrylate 0.2 0.15 0.3 0.4 0.1 Crosspolymer Piroctone Olamine 0.05 Ethylhexylglycerol 0.5 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.1 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.5 N-Lauryl-L-Arginine Thyl Ester 0.5 Monochloride Benzethoniumchloride 0.6 DMDM Hydantoin 0.15 Diazolidinyl Urea 0.2 Carrageenan (Chondrus Crispus) 2 Hamamelis Extract 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Perfume q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. Silicone Elastomer Gel 10 106 Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 Example 57: Silicon in Water Emulsion Formulations Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Bis-PEG/PPG-16/16 PEG/PPG16/16 1 2 8 3 5 4 5 Dimethicone, Caprylic/Caprictriglycerid Cyclomethicone 12.5 15 25 10 7.5 10 2 Dimethicone 5 15 5 12 15 12 20 Silicon Elastomer Gel 10 Octyldodecanol 0.5 0.75 3 3 Glycerol 5 7.5 15 3 20 3 2 Panthenol 0.5 1 0.75 0.25 0.1 0.25 0.1 Perfume 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.5 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 propenoic acid)__________ N-Lauryl-L-Arginine Thyl 0.5 Ester Monochloride Benzethoniumchloride 0.6 1,2-Pentadiole Methylpropanediole 3.00 Phenoxyethanole 0.90 0.90 Trisodium EDTA (aq) 0.20 0.20 Ethylhexylglycerol 0.5 Modified starch 2.5 0.15 0.15 Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 Example 58: Oil in Water Formulations Comonnt% % % % % % % % Component (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) Glycerylsteratcitrate 1 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 Polyethylenglycol(20)cetearyleth 10 1 5 4 er Triglycerinmethylglucosedistearat 2.5 2.5 Pigments 5 15 Cyclomethicone 1 5 20 Dimethicone 0.5 3 0.75 1.5 0.2 5 1.5 3 Behenyl alcohol 1 2 1 0.2 2 0.2 Dicaprylylcarbonat 3 5 10 15 5 10 5 Stearyl alcohol 1 0.2 2 0.5 Cetylstearyl alcohol 1 1 0.2 1 1 0.2 Tocopherol 0.5 0.25 107 Ubiquinone 0.5 0.75 0.1 0.75 Vitamine C 0.25 0.1 Octyldodecanol 0.5 0.75 3 0.25 0.75 3 0.25 Panthenol 0.5 0.75 0.25 0.1 0.75 0.25 0.1 Carbomer 0.05 0.35 0.15 0.1 Xantham Gum 0.15 0.1 Perfume 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Caprylic/Capric Triglycerid 1 5 3 5 10 3 15 7 Methylparaben 0.4 Propylparaben 0.3 lodopropynylbutylcarbamat 0.1 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.05 0.3 0.1 0.2 acid) Trisodium EDTA 0.2 Ethylhexylglycerol 0.5 Ethanol 7 Benzylalcohol 0.5 Benzethoniumchloride 0.5 DMDM Hydantoin 0.1 Diazolidinyl Urea 0.2 Phenoxyethanol 0.5 Sorbitol 10 Butylenglycol 10 Propylenglycol 10 Glycerol 7.5 1 10 20 Water ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad Water 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Example 59: Styling Gel Formulations Comonnt% % % % % % % % % Component (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) Methylparaben 0.25 Propylparaben 0.1 Glyceryl Stearate 1 Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Aqua 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Ad 100 100 Octyldodecanol 1 Citric Acid 0.01 0.005 0.025 Cetearyl Alcohol 3.1 5.24 5.74 1 Cetyl Alcohol 2 3.81 4.05 4.05 4.05 Dimethicone 1 1 3 3 3 3 Lactic Acid 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 Benzophenone-4 0.25 0.25 0.25 Bis-Diglyceryl 2 1 1 1 Polyacyladipate-2 Glycerol 8.7 0 0 5 Sodium Hydroxide aq 0.025 0.06 0.15 0.15 0.025 Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.75 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Sodium Chloride 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Hydroxypropyl 0.25 108 Methylcellulose Cetearyl Alcohol + 0.2 Behentrimonium Chloride Stearyl Alcohol 4 7.3152 7.776 7.776 7.776 Cetrimonium Chloride 4 0.4 | Dicaprylyl Ether 1 Distearoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium 2 2 2.86 Methosulfate + Cetearyl Alcohol Oryzanol 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 DMDM Hydantoin 0.4 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.1 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.5 propenoic acid) 1,2-Pentadiole 0.20 Piroctone Olamine 0.10 1,2-Hexandiole 0.20 Phenoxyethanole 0.90 Ethanol 5.00 Trisodium EDTA 0.20 0.40 Potassium Sorbate 0.10 Silicone Quaternium-16 + Undeceth-1 1 + Butyloctanol 2 + Undeceth-5 Cyclomethicone 2 Palmitamidopropyltrimonium 3 1.66 Chloride + Propylene Glycol Coco Betaine 0.85 3.22 3.22 3.22 Polyquaternium-68 + Phenoxyethanol and 7.5 3.75 1.875 1.875 Parabenes I Stearamidopropyl 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Dimethylamine Parfum 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Polyguaternium-89 1.5 1 1.2 1.5 1 20 10 5 5 Example 60: Hairspray Aerosol Formulations Comonnt% % % % % % % % % Component (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) (w/w) Octylacrylamide/ Acrylates/Butylamino-ethyl 3.5 2 2 1.75 1.75 Methacrylate Copolymer PVP 7 7 5 5 Ethanol 50 50 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 Aminomethylpropanole 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Silicone 0.1 0.5 1 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.5 1 1 Vitamins 0.1 0.25 0.1 0.25 0.1 0.1 0.25 0.05 0.05 Perfume 0, 5 0, 4 0, 3 0, 2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 Propan / Butan 35 35 35 Dimethylether 40 40 40 40 40 40 109 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.1 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.75 0.5 1 1,2-Pentadiole 0.20 Piroctone Olamine 0.10 1,2-Hexandiole 0.20 Phenoxyethanole 0.90 1,2-Pentadiole 0.25 1,2-Hexandiole 0.50 Ethanol 5.00 Trisodium EDTA (aq) 0.20 0.40 Potassium Sorbate 0.10 ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad Aqua 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Example 61: Styling Foam Formulations Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) PVPNA Copolymer 12 10 15 8 6 3 Polyquaternium-68 8 10 3 Polyquaternium-1 6 5 Polyquaternium-4 0.5 1 Polyquaternium-4/Hydroxypropyl Starch Copolymer 2 Cetrimoniumchlorid 1 1 1 1 Hydroxyethyl Cetyldimonium Phosphate 0.5 0.5 1 Dimethicone Copolyol 0.3 0.2 Panthenol 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Citric Acid 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 Sodiumbenzoate 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Laureth-3 0.8 1.5 1 0.25 0.5 Trideceth-1 2 0.8 1 1.5 0.25 0.5 PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Perfume 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Propane/Butane 10 10 10 10 10 N-Lauryl-L-Arginine Thyl Ester Monochloride 0.5 Benzethoniumchloride 0.6 DMDM Hydantoin 0.15 Diazolidinyl Urea 0.2 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.5 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.05 Benzylalcohol 1 Ethanol 20 Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 110 Example 62: Deo AT Formulations Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 Water+ Trisodium EDTA 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Persea Gratissima Oil 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.5 C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate 5 5 5 Steareth-21 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Steareth-2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 PPG-15 Stearyl Ether 3 3 3 3 3 3 Aluminum Chlorohydrate (50 % aq) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Perfume 1 1 1 1 1 1 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Aluminum Chlorohydrate (50 % aq) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Polysorbate 65 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dicaprylyl Ether 4 4 4 4 4 4 Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Butyloctanoic Acid 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Cyclomethicone 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 Dicaprylyl Carbonate 5 5 5 5 5 5 Perfume qs qs qs qs qs qs Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 Propane/Butane 35 30 35 30 Example 63: Oil in Water SPF 15 Formulations % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Component (ww) ( (wtw) (wtw) (wtw) (wtw) (wiw) (wtw) (w/w) (wtw) (ww) (wtw) (wtw) Ethylparaben 0.4 Methylparaben 0.3 Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.17 0.22 0.3 0.25 0.3 0.1 0.05 0.1 propenoic acid) __ ___ 5 5 _ ___ Butylene Glycol + 0.00 lodopropynyl Butylcarbamate Phenoxyethanol Alcohol Denat. 5 10 Methylpropanediol 2 4 Butylene Glycol 3 Trisodium EDTA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.25 0.8 1.5 1.25 1.25 1.2 1 1 Ethylhexylglycerol 0.5 Benzylalcohol | 0.5 Benzethoniumchlorde 0.5 Sorbitol 10 111 N-Lauryl-L-Arginine Thyl Ester Monochloride Benzethoniumchloride 0.6 1,2-Pentadiole 0.5 Glyceryl Stearate 2.4 1.2 1 Stearic Acid 2.5 3 PEG-40 Stearate 0.5 Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose 2 1.75 2.5 Distearate Glyceryl Stearate 2 1.75 2.5 2.5 Citrate Sodium Stearoyl 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 Glutamate Sucrose Polystearate + Hydrogenated 3 2.5 1 1 Polyisobutene Water ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Cera Microcristallina + Paraffinum 1.5 2 1.5 Liquidum_ Glycerol 6 4 8 4 6 10 4 6 10 1 8 6 2 12 Cetyl Alcohol 1.25 1 1 1.5 1 3 2 4 4 BHT 0.02 5 Dimethicone 2 1 2 3 4 4 Cyclomethicone 6 5 4 4 4 Hydrogenated Coco- 1 1 3 4 2 2 Glycerides Simmondsia 1.5 4 Chinensis Oil C12-15 Alkyl 1.5 1 8 3 Benzoate Dicaprylyl Carbonate 3 2 2 5 5 3 6 6 Caprylic/Capric 2,8 2 2.7 2.5 3 3 Triglyceride Cyclomethicone + 4 3 5 5 Dimethiconol Octyldodecanol 0.5 1 Dicaprylyl Ether 1 Ethylhexyl Cocoate 5 4 6 6 Tridecyl Stearate + Tridecyl Trimellitate + Dipentaerythrityl 2 2 1.5 1.5 Hexacaprylate/Hexac aprate Butyrospermum Parkii 4 2 2.5 2.5 Butter Lanolin Alcohol 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 (Eucerit@) Stearyl Alcohol 1.25 1 3 4 3.5 3.5 Carbomer 0.3 0.1 0 07 0.1 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.35 0.45 0.45 Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 Crosspolymer Chondrus Crispus 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 Sodium Hydroxide ag q.s. q. qs.qs q qs qs q s q 112 45% 1 1 ___11_ Ethylhexylglycerol 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25 1 1 Talc 3 4 Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurat 1 0.75 1.5 1.5 eNP Copolymer Tetrasodium 0.2 Iminodisuccinate 0.2 EDTA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Macadamia Temifolia 1 0.75 1.3 1.3 Sodium Polystyrene 0.3 0.25 0.4 Sulfonate Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate + 5 3 4 9 9 BHT Ethylhexyl Salicylate 2 4.5 4 3 Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmet 2 2 2 1 2.5 1.5 5 hane 2-(4'-Diethylamino-2' hydoxybenzoyl)- 3 1 4 5 benzoessurehexylest er Phenylbenzimidazole 3 0.5 4 Sulfonic Acid Diethylhexyl Butamido 4 Triazone Titanium Dioxide + Alumina + 0.45 4 Simethicone Titanium Dioxide 2 Ethylhexyl Triazin 2 3 1 Polysilicon-15 3 Bis Ethylhexyloxyphenol 0.5 Methoxyphenyltriazin Octocrylene I III___I_1___5 5 1 Example 64: SPF>15 Formulations Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) Tocopheryl Acetate 0.10 0.10 0.3 0.10 0.2 0.10 Stearyl Alcohol 0.50 0.50 Myristyl Myristate 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.70 Hydrogenated Coco-Glycerides 1.00 1.00 Dicaprylyl Carbonate 2.00 2.00 C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate 5.00 5.00 6.50 6.50 Butylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate 9.00 9.00 8.50 8.50 C1 8-36 Acid Triglyceride 1.00 1.00 Cetyl Alcohol 2.20 2.20 Octyldodecanol 5.50 5.50 Glyceryl Stearate Citrate 2.00 2.00 Ceteareth-20 1.00 1.00 113 Cetearyl Alcohol + PEG-40 Castor Oil + 2.00 2.00 Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate Glyceryl Stearate SE 0.65 0.65 Tapioca Starch + Aqua 1.00 1.20 VP/Hexadecene Copolymer 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.50 Perfume 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 Glycerol 8.60 8.60 5.00 5.00 0.9 0.9 Citric Acid 0.09 0.09 Sodium Citrate 0.18 0.18 Aqua + Sodium Hydroxide 0.03 0.03 9.00 0.90 0.60 0.60 Methylparaben 0.05 Phenoxyethanol 0.60 Methylpropanediol 1.00 Ethylhexylglycerol 0.50 N-Lauryl-L-Arginine Thyl Ester 1.80 Monochloride Octopirox 0.05 Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate 0.05 0.05 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 Crosspolymer Xanthan Gum 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.50 Aqua ad.100 ad.100 ad.100 ad.100 ad.100 ad.100 Alcohol Denat. 4.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 8.00 5.00 Aqua + Trisodium EDTA 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate + BHT 0.50 0.50 Octocrylene 8.00 8.00 7.00 8.00 4.50 5.00 Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl 1.50 1.50 2.50 3.00 2.30 2.50 Triazine Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone 1.00 1.00 Titanium Dioxide + 3.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 Trimethoxycaprylylsilane Ethylhexyl Salicylate 4.50 4.50 Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid 1.50 1.50 2.00 2.50 114 [0231] It will be appreciated that various modifications and variations of the methods and compositions of the invention described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention that are apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. [0232] Future patent applications may be filed in Australia or overseas on the basis of or claiming priority from the present application. It is to be understood that the following claims are provided by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of what may be claimed in any such future application. Features may be added to or omitted from the claims at a later date so as to further define or re-define the invention or inventions. 115

Claims

1. A topical antimicrobial composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

2. A topical antimicrobial composition according to claim 1, further including a C3-10 alkanediol.

3. A topical antimicrobial according to claim 2, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol.

4. A topical antimicrobial composition according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

5. A topical antimicrobial composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

6. A topical antimicrobial composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt%, preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt%, of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition.

7. A topical antimicrobial composition according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the composition includes from 0.1 to 99.99 wt%, preferably from 1 to 80 wt%, more preferably 1 to 50 wt% and even more preferably from 1 to 20 wt%, of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol based on the total weight of the composition. 116

8. A topical antimicrobial composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further including a C 2 - 1 oalkanol, preferably selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.

9. A topical antimicrobial composition according to claim 8 when dependent on any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the ratio of the C 3 - 1 0 alkanediol to the C 2 -1 0 alkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1.

10. A topical antimicrobial composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further including one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, a fragrance, a dye or a pigment.

11. A method for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on the skin including applying to the skin an inhibitory-effective amount of a topical microbial composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A method for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on the skin including applying to the skin an inhibitory-effective amount of a topical antimicrobial composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the topical antimicrobial composition further includes a C 3 -10 alkanediol.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the C 3 - 10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol. 117

15. A method according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the C 3 - 10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

16. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

17. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a topical medicament for inhibiting the proliferation of microbes on skin.

18. Use according to claim 17, including use of a C 3 -1 0 alkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament.

19. Use according to claim 18, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol.

20. Use according to claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the C 3 - 1 0 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol.

21. Use according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

22. An anti-dandruff composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

23. An anti-dandruff composition according to claim 22, further including a C 3 - 10 alkanediol. 118

24. An anti-dandruff composition according to claim 23, wherein the C3.10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol.

25. An anti-dandruff composition according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2 hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

26. An anti-dandruff composition according to any one of claims 22 to 25 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

27. An anti-dandruff composition according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt%, preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt%, of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition.

28. An anti-dandruff composition according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the composition includes from 0.1 to 99.99 wt%, preferably from 1 to 80 wt%, more preferably 1 to 50 wt% and even more preferably from 1 to 20 wt%, of the C 3 - 1 oalkanediol based on the total weight of the composition.

29. An anti-dandruff composition according to any one of claims 22 to 28, further including a C2- 1 oalkanol, preferably selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.

30. An anti-dandruff composition according to claim 29 when dependent on any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the ratio of the C 3 -1 0 alkanediol to the C 2 - 1 oalkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1. 119

31. An anti-dandruff composition according to any one of claims 22 to 30, further including one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, a fragrance, a dye or a pigment.

32. A method for treating or preventing dandruff including applying to the scalp a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dandruff composition according to any one of claims 22 to 31.

33. A method for treating or preventing dandruff including applying to the scalp a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dandruff composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the anti-dandruff composition further includes a C3-10 alkanediol.

35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol.

36. A method according to claim 34 or claim 35, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

37. A method according to any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). 120

38. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing dandruff.

39. Use according to claim 38, including use of a C 3 - 1 oalkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament.

40. Use according to claim 39, wherein the C 3 - 1 0 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol.

41. Use according to claim 39 or claim 40, wherein the C3.10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol.

42. Use according to any one of claims 38 to 41, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

43. An anti-acne composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

44. An anti-acne composition according to claim 43, further including a C3-10 alkanediol.

45. An anti-acne composition according to claim 44, wherein the C 3 - 1 0 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol. 121

46. An anti-acne composition according to claim 44 or claim 45, wherein the C 3 -10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2 hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

47. An anti-acne composition according to any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

48. An anti-acne composition according to any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt%, preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt%, of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition.

49. An anti-acne composition according to any one of claims 44 to 46, wherein the composition includes from 0.1 to 99.99 wt%, preferably from 1 to 80 wt%, more preferably 1 to 50 wt% and even more preferably from 1 to 20 wt%, of the C 3 -1oalkanediol based on the total weight of the composition.

50. An anti-acne composition according to any one of claims 43 to 49, further including a C 2 -1 0 alkanol, preferably selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.

51. An anti-acne composition according to claim 50 when dependent on any one of claims 44 to 46, wherein the ratio of the C3-1oalkanediol to the C 2 - 1 oalkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1.

52. An anti-acne composition according to any one of claims 43 to 51, further including one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, a fragrance, a dye or a pigment. 122

53. A topical composition for treatment of acne comprising a polymer of 2-propenal and a topical carrier thereof.

54. A method for treating or preventing acne including applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-acne composition according to any one of claims 43 to 53.

55. A method for the treatment of acne, which method comprises the topical application of a polymer of 2-propenal.

56. A method for treating or preventing acne including applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-acne composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

57. A method according to claim 55 or claim 56, wherein the anti-acne composition further includes a C 3 . 10 alkanediol.

58. A method according to claim 57, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol and neopentyl glycol.

59. A method according to claim 58, wherein the C3.10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

60. A method according to any one of claims 55 to 59, wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). 123

61. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing acne.

62. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in preparation of a medicament for topical application to an area of skin affected by acne.

63. Use according to claim 61 or claim 62, including use of a C 3 - 1 oalkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament.

64. Use according to claim 63, wherein the C3.10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol.

65. Use according to claim 64, wherein the C 3 - 10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

66. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 65, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is preferably a formed by anionic polymerization.

67. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 66, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

68. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 65 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid), preferably formed by oxidation of a poly(2-propenal) so as to introduce carboxyl groups, more preferably comprising from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer. 124

69. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 68 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is present in the topical medicament in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the topical medicament and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the topical medicament polymer of poly(2-propenal).

70. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 69 wherein the medicament further comprises a dermatologically acceptable carrier.

71. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 70 wherein the medicament is in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, cream, moisturizer, gel, mousse, shaving cream, shaving gel, a night emollient cream, soap and a stick.

72. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 71 wherein the medicament is in a form selected from the group consisting of a hydroalcoholic system (e. g. liquids and gels), an anhydrous oil or silicone based system, and an emulsion system, including, but not limited to, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions.

73. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 72 wherein the medicament further comprises an anti-inflammatory agent.

74. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 73 wherein the medicament comprises an amount of anti-inflammatory agent, anti-viral agent, antifungal agent and/or other active agent in the compositions in from about 0.001 % to about 10%, such as from about 0.01 % to about 5% such as from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

75. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 74 wherein the medicament comprises a sebum miscible agent preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic alcohols such as phenyl alcohols with chemical structures of C6H5-R(OH) where R is an aliphatic radical, such as benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol; aromatic glycol ethers such as 125 ethylene glycol phenyl ether; propylene or butylene oxide-based glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether, fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, plant, fruit, or marine derived extracts rich in essential fatty acid or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as but not limited to vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) seed oil, vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) seed oil, vaccinium vitis idaea (lingonberry) seed oil, rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil, rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) seed oil, ribes nigrum (black currant) seed oil, hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) seed oil, echium plantagineum (echium) seed oil, hordeum vulgare (barley) seed oil, betula alba bud extract, saw palmetto extract, borage oil, evening primrose oil, witch hazel extract and soy oil; cetyl ocenate; isostearyl benzoate; pentaerythiol teraoctenate; isostearyl benzoate; methyl gluceth; tocopherol acetate; benzalkonium chloride; and benzethonium chloride, and combinations thereof.

76. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 75 wherein the medicament further comprises an additional anti-acne agent, preferably comprising at least one selected from desquamators, keratolytics, comedolytics and exfoliants.

77. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 76 wherein the medicament comprises a further anti-acne agent preferably selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, resorcinol monoacetate, sulfur, salicylic acid, derivatives of salicylic acid having one or more (C1 to C 1 2 ) alkyl and/or (Ci to C12) alkoxy groups on the aromatic ring (e.g., 5-n-octyl salicylic acid, 5-n-octanoyl salicylic acid and 2-hydroxy-3 methoxybenzoic acid), phenol, cresol, metacresyl acetate, lactic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, urea, N-acetyl cysteine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl esters and combinations of retinol and retinyl esters with retinoid boosters.

78. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 77 wherein the medicament further comprises salicylic acid or dermatologically acceptable salt thereof.

79. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 78 wherein the medicament further comprises one or more moisturising agents, preferably selected from the group 126 consisting of glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, panthenol, glycerol quat, glycerol, hydroxyethyl urea, a-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, hydrolysed proteins, hyaluronic acid, pyrrolidone carbonic acid, as well as naturally-occurring materials such as aloe barbadensis.

80. Use according to any one of claims 61 to 79 wherein the medicament further comprises one or more glycols, preferably selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,2-pentylene glycol, 1,2- hexylene glycol, 1,2 octylene glycol.

81. An anti-dermatitis composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

82. An anti-dermatitis composition according to claim 81, further including a C3-1D alkanediol.

83. An anti-dermatitis composition according to claim 82, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2 pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5 hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, neopentyl glycol.

84. An anti-dermatitis composition according to claim 82, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

85. An anti-dermatitis composition according to any one of claims 81 to 84, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). 127

86. An anti-dermatitis composition according to any one of claims 81 to 85, wherein the composition includes from 0.01 to 10 wt%, preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt%, of the polymer of 2-propenal based on the total weight of the composition.

87. An anti-dermatitis composition according to any one of claim 82 or claim 86, wherein the composition includes from 0.1 to 99.99 wt%, preferably from 1 to 80 wt%, more preferably 1 to 50 wt% and even more preferably from 1 to 20 wt%, of the C3 1 oalkanediol based on the total weight of the composition.

88. An anti-dermatitis composition according to any one of claims 81 to 87, further including a C 2 - 1 oalkanol, preferably selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.

89. An anti-dermatits composition according to claim 88 when dependent on any one of claims 82 to 84, wherein the ratio of the C3-10alkanediol to the C 2 -1oalkanol is between 1:10 and 10:1.

90. An anti-dermatitis composition according to any one of claims 81 to 89, further including one or more of a dermatologically acceptable carrier, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, a preservative, a skin or hair cleansing agent, a skin softening agent, a fragrance, a dye or a pigment.

91. A method for treating or preventing dermatitis including applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dermatitis composition according to any one of claims 81 to 90.

92. A method for treating or preventing dermatitis including applying to the skin a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-dermatitis composition including a polymer of 2-propenal. 128

93. A method according to claim 92, wherein the anti-dermatitis composition further includes a C3-10 alkanediol.

94. A method according to claim 93, wherein the C 3 - 10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, neopentyl glycol.

95. A method according to claim 93 or claim 94, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol.

96. A method according to any one of claims 92 to 95, wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

97. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing dermatitis.

98. Use according to claim 97, including the use of a C 3 -1 0 alkanediol in the manufacture of the medicament.

99. Use according to claim 98, wherein the C3-10 alkanediol includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2 butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol. 129

100. Use according to claim 98 or claim 99, wherein the C 3 - 10 alkanediol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2 octanediol.

101. Use according to any one of claims 97 to 100, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

102. An antifungal composition for topical treatment of dermatitis associated with fungal infections comprising a polymer of 2-propenal and a dermatologically acceptable carrier.

103. The antifungal composition according to claim 102 for topical treatment of a dermatitis selected from the group consisting of dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and dermaphytoses.

104. The antifungal composition according to claim 103 for topical treatment of dandruff.

105. The antifungal composition according to any one of claims 102 to 104 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is formed by anionic polymerization.

106. The antifungal composition according to any one of claims 102 to 105 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid).

107. The antifungal composition for topical treatment according to any one of claims 102 to 106 wherein the composition comprises from 0.01 to 10% and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the polymer of poly(2-propenal) based on the total weight of the composition.

108. The antifungal composition for topical treatment according to any one of claims 102 to 107 in a form selected from the group consisting of formulated as a lotion, cream, moisturizer, hair gel, hair mousse, shaving cream, shaving gel, a deodorant, a night 130 emollient cream, a hair treatment course, a hair rinse, a hair spray, a shampoo, a conditioner, a lipstick, a formulation for blow-drying, a formulation for hair setting, a formulation for colouring or bleaching, a styling or treatment lotion, a hair lacquer, or a permanent wave composition.

109. The antifungal composition for topical treatment according to any one of claims 102 to 108 in a form selected from the group consisting of formulated as a lotion, cream, a hair rinse, a hair spray, a shampoo and a conditioner.

110. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in manufacture of a topical medicament for treatment of dermatitis associated with a fungal infection.

111. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal according to claim 110 wherein the dermatitis associated with a fungal infection is selected from the group consisting of dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and dermaphytoses.

112. Use according to claim 110 or claim 111 wherein the dermatitis associated with a fungal infection is dandruff.

113. The use according to any one of claims 110 to 112 wherein the topical medicament comprises a dermatologically acceptable carrier.

114. The use according to any one of claims 110 to 113 wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is preferably a formed by anionic polymerization

115. The use according to any one of claims 110 to 113 wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid), preferably formed by oxidation of a poly(2-propenal) so as to introduce carboxyl groups, more preferably comprising from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer. 131

116. The use according to any one of claims 110 to 115 wherein the polymer of 2 propenal is present in the topical medicament in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the topical medicament and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the topical medicament polymer of poly(2-propenal).

117. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or any one of claims 22 to 31, or any one of claims 43 to 53, or any one of claims 81 to 90, or any one of claims 102 to 109 further including an emulsifier, UV filter, moisturizer or thickener or combinations thereof.

118. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, or any one of claims 32 to 37, or claim 54, or any one of claims 56 to 60, or any one of claims 91 to 96 wherein the composition further includes an emulsifier, UV filter, moisturizer or thickener or combinations thereof.

119. Use according to any one of claims 17 to 21, or any one of claims 38 to 42, or any one of claims 61 to 80, or any one of claims 97 to 101, or any one of claims 110 to 116 including the use of an emulsifier, UV filter, moisturizer or thickener or combinations thereof in the manufacture of the medicament.

120. A hair care composition including a polymer of 2-propenal.

121. A method for treating hair including applying to the hair a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a hair care composition including a polymer of 2 propenal.

122. Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in the manufacture of a hair care composition. 132