WO2011045937A1 - 高機能自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法およびマーカー - Google Patents
高機能自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法およびマーカー Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/60—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving cholesterol
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for early detection of a person with autism. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for determining the risk of developing autism, including the step of measuring very low density lipoprotein in plasma or serum isolated from a subject. The present invention also relates to a method for determining the risk of developing autism, including the step of measuring cholesterol and / or triglyceride concentration in plasma or serum.
- Autism is a disorder first described as “Autistic Disorder of Emotional Contact” in 1943 by Dr. Canner, USA. Onset is very early and appears by about the age of 3 years, difficulty in forming social relationships with others, delayed language development, compulsive identity retention (narrow interest and attention to specific things) Is the main symptom. Autism is a developmental disorder whose state changes with the course of development, and it is speculated that it is a disorder of the higher-order central nervous system that has not yet been identified.
- High-functioning autism refers to autism that does not involve a delay in intellectual development.
- the prevalence of autism is between 7 and 16 per 10,000 children, and high-functioning autism is reported to be approximately 11 to 34% of autism (Macintosh et al. Journal of Child Psychology). and Psychiatry 2004).
- recuperation professional educational intervention based on early detection
- a diagnosis of autism must be made only by symptoms by doctors, which includes a wealth of experience in the field of child psychiatry. Need. Therefore, the current situation is that it is very difficult to detect early autistic patients today, because there is still a shortage of experts in the field.
- VLDL is a protein / lipid complex containing apolipoprotein B-100, and changes in the expression of this molecule in the body are expected to be related to lipid metabolism.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an objective and simple method for determining the risk of developing autism using a biological marker, and to detect an autistic person early using the method. Therefore, it is possible to provide an autistic person with appropriate treatment at an early stage.
- the inventors collected and compared the sera of the high-functioning autism group and the healthy control group, and compared the contents in the ultra-low-density lipoprotein fraction of the minor with autism. It was found that the concentration of sex fat was significantly lowered, and the present invention was completed based on this phenomenon.
- the present inventors collected and compared the sera of the high-functioning autistic group and the healthy control group, and the total amount of both cholesterol and triglycerides of the adolescent autistics group was significantly reduced. And that the cholesterol concentration in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction of adolescents with autism was significantly reduced, and the present invention was completed based on these phenomena.
- the present invention includes a step of measuring ultra-low density lipoprotein in plasma or serum isolated from a subject, and the neutral fat concentration contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction in plasma or serum Relates to a method for determining the risk of developing autism, characterized in that it is determined that the risk of developing autism is high when it is 60 mg / dl or less.
- the subject is preferably 18 years of age or younger.
- the present invention also relates to one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of lipoprotein lipase, glycerol kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and coloring.
- a kit for determining the risk of developing autism is also provided.
- the present invention is a method for screening a candidate substance for a drug for treating autism, (A) a step of administering a test substance to a non-human mammal; (B) isolating plasma or serum from the non-human mammal; (C) measuring the neutral fat concentration contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction in the isolated plasma or serum, and (d) in the plasma or serum compared to before administration of the test substance
- a screening method characterized by including a step of determining that a test substance is a candidate substance for a treatment for autism, using as an index the increase in neutral fat concentration contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction provide.
- the present invention also includes a step of measuring ultra-low density lipoprotein in plasma or serum isolated from a subject, and the cholesterol concentration contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction in plasma or serum is as follows: The standard value of cholesterol concentration in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction in the plasma or serum of healthy subjects-characterized by judging that the risk of developing autism is high when it is lower than the standard error A method for determining the risk of developing autism is also provided.
- the present invention includes a step of measuring cholesterol concentration and / or neutral fat concentration in plasma or serum isolated from a subject, wherein the cholesterol concentration is a standard value of a healthy subject's cholesterol concentration-standard error
- the risk of developing autism is high, and / or when the triglyceride concentration is lower than the standard value of the triglyceride concentration of the healthy subject minus the standard error,
- a method for determining the risk of developing autism is also provided.
- the present invention also provides a kit for determining the risk of developing autism comprising cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase, and a color former.
- the autism may be a high-functioning autism.
- the present invention has made it possible for the first time to establish criteria for assessing the risk of developing biologically high-functioning autism.
- the present invention can be implemented by a simple method of collecting peripheral blood and minimizing the burden on the subject.
- diagnosis of autism which has been largely based on the subjectivity of doctors so far, becomes a diagnosis that introduces biological standards, so that improvement of diagnostic technology is expected.
- the effect of the treatment of autistic patients is expected to be as early as possible.
- the method of the present invention can be applied to infants and children, and early detection and early treatment are possible. This is very effective for people with autism in their future social life.
- the social effects from the viewpoint of dealing with these problems are significant in the modern times when the incidents caused by autistic people are closed up.
- the present invention enables early, simple and reliable diagnosis of autism.
- by measuring the triglyceride VLDL fraction concentration in a human blood sample in two stages it is possible to easily assist in the diagnosis of autism.
- FIG. 1 shows the mean concentration of lipoprotein fractions of serum lipids in a group of minor high-functioning autistic patients and a group of healthy young adults.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the cholesterol concentration in the VLDL fraction and the age of autistic subjects and healthy controls.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the triglyceride concentration in the VLDL fraction and the age of the autistic person and the healthy control person, and the cutoff value for discriminating the highly functional autistic person.
- the present invention relates to a method for early detection of a person with autism. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for determining the risk of developing autism, including a step of measuring ultra-low density lipoprotein in serum isolated from a subject.
- autism is one of the pervasive developmental disorders diagnosed in childhood. The main symptoms are communication disorder, social interaction disorder, limited interest and behavior, hypersensitivity and hyperactivity. Appears by age. “High-functioning autism” refers to the above-mentioned autism that is not accompanied by a delay in intellectual development.
- the “risk onset of autism” refers to whether or not a subject develops autism or whether or not autism has occurred. This refers to the inspection criteria. The higher the risk of developing autism, the more likely it is to develop autism or the autistic person, and the lower the risk of developing autism, the less likely it is to develop or a healthy person.
- VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein
- CM chylomicron
- IDL intermediate density lipoprotein
- LDL low density lipoprotein
- HDL high density lipoprotein
- VLDL fraction refers to a fraction obtained by centrifuging plasma or serum and having a density of 0.950 to 1.006 g / ml.
- chylomicron fraction or “CM fraction” refers to a fraction obtained by centrifuging plasma or serum and having a density of ⁇ 0.95 g / ml
- low density lipoprotein fraction or “LDL fraction”.
- LDL fraction refers to a fraction obtained by centrifuging plasma or serum and having a density of 1.019 to 1.063 g / ml, or “high density lipoprotein fraction” or “HDL fraction”.
- fraction refers to a fraction obtained by centrifuging plasma or serum and having a density of 1.063 to 1.210 g / ml.
- Neutral fat “triacylglycerol” or “TG” is a triester compound of fatty acid and glycerol.
- “minor” or “child” refers to a human under 18 years of age.
- “Cutoff value” refers to a value determined when a target disease group and a non-disease group are determined by paying attention to a certain substance. When determining the target disease and non-disease, it is negative if it is below the cut-off value, positive if it is above the cut-off value, or positive if it is below the cut-off value, and if it is above the cut-off value The disease can be determined as negative.
- Sensitivity and specificity are examples of indexes used for the purpose of evaluating the clinical usefulness of the cutoff value.
- a certain population is determined using a cut-off value, and among the diseased patients, a (true positive) is positive in the determination, and b (false negative) is negative in the determination while being a disease patient.
- the distribution of measured values between the target disease group and the non-disease group usually has some overlap. Therefore, sensitivity and specificity change by raising or lowering the cutoff value. Decreasing the cut-off value increases the sensitivity, but the specificity decreases, and increasing the cut-off value decreases the sensitivity, but increases the specificity. As a determination method, it is preferable that both sensitivity and specificity are higher. A determination method in which the values of sensitivity and specificity do not exceed 0.5 is not recognized as useful.
- the present invention determines the risk of developing autism, including the step of measuring ultra-low density lipoprotein in plasma or serum isolated from a subject. Regarding the method.
- Isolation step As the sample to be measured in the present invention, plasma or serum is prepared from blood usually collected from a subject and used. In the present invention, peripheral blood can be used as a sample. As a method for preparing plasma or serum, methods well known in the art can be used. The obtained plasma or serum may be stored frozen until measurement.
- the measurement step is a method well known in the art such as ultracentrifugation or gel filtration to separate plasma or serum isolated from a subject to obtain each fraction, Next, the neutral fat concentration or cholesterol concentration in the fraction is measured. Using gel filtration HPLC, serum can be separated and each fraction detected and quantified. There is no difference in lipid concentration between plasma and serum.
- lipoproteins in plasma or serum are fractionated into chylomicron, IDL, VLDL, LDL, and HDL depending on their density. Separation and quantification of serum into each fraction can be performed according to a known method such as gel filtration HPLC.
- the neutral fat concentration in VLDL may be directly measured to determine the risk of developing autism.
- the total amount of fat is measured, and when the total amount of neutral fat is less than a certain value, the neutral fat concentration of the VLDL fraction is measured to determine the risk of developing autism. May be.
- the neutral fat concentration of the VLDL fraction is measured when the total amount of neutral fat is less than 80 mg / dl, preferably less than 70 mg / dl, more preferably less than 60 mg / dl, It is desirable to determine the risk of developing autism. By making the measurement in two stages in this way, it is possible to easily assist diagnosis of autism.
- the concentration of neutral fat is determined based on the method of measuring glycerin produced from triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerol kinase (GK) -glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) method, glycerol oxidase (GOD) method , Glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) method and the like.
- LPL lipoprotein lipase
- GK glycerol kinase
- GPO glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- GOD glycerol oxidase
- GDH Glycerol dehydrogenase
- the GPO-DAOS method hydrogen peroxide generated using lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerol kinase (GK), glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO), and peroxidase (POD) is quantified by DAOS.
- the amount of neutral fat can be measured.
- the GPO-DAOS method includes the following steps: 1) The neutral fat in the sample is decomposed into glycerin and fatty acid by the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). 2) The produced glycerol is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate by the action of glycerol kinase (GK) in the presence of ATP.
- glycerol-3-phosphate is oxidized by the action of glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO), and at the same time, hydrogen peroxide is generated.
- GPO glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- DAOS glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- POD peroxidase
- LPL lipoprotein lipase
- GK glycerol kinase
- pyruvate kinase pyruvate kinase
- lactate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase
- the cholesterol concentration in VLDL may be directly measured to determine the risk of developing autism.
- the total amount of cholesterol in plasma or serum is measured.
- the cholesterol concentration of the VLDL fraction may be measured to determine the risk of developing autism.
- the cholesterol concentration can be measured by cholesterol oxidase / DAOS method or the like.
- the amount of cholesterol can be measured by quantifying hydrogen peroxide produced using cholesterol oxidase with DAOS.
- the cholesterol oxidase DAOS method includes the following steps: 1) The cholesterol in the sample is oxidized by the action of cholesterol oxidase to generate ketone bodies and hydrogen peroxide. 2) Quantitatively oxidizes the resulting hydrogen peroxide to N-ethyl-N- (2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl) -3,5-dimethoxyaniline sodium (DAOS) and 4-aminoantipyrine by the action of peroxidase 3. Condensate to produce a blue dye, and 3) calculate the cholesterol concentration in the sample by measuring the absorbance of the resulting blue dye.
- the measuring step is performed by measuring the total amount of neutral fat or total cholesterol in plasma or serum isolated from a subject.
- the risk of developing autism in the subject is judged that is high.
- the dose is 60 mg / dl or less, preferably 50 mg / dl or less
- the triglyceride concentration in the VLDL fraction is 50 mg / dl or less, preferably 40 mg / dl or less
- it is judged that the risk of developing autism is high.
- it is determined that the risk of developing autism is high when the neutral fat concentration in the VLDL fraction is 40 mg / dl or less, preferably 30 mg / dl or less in a subject under 8 years old.
- the present inventors have found that the cholesterol concentration in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction of autistic individuals is significantly lower than that of healthy individuals. Based on this finding, in the present invention, when the cholesterol concentration in the VLDL fraction measured by the above method is lower than the standard value-standard error of the healthy subject, the risk of developing autism in the subject is high. Judge. Specifically, when the dose is 20 mg / dl or less, preferably 15 mg / dl or less, it is determined that the subject has a high risk of developing autism.
- the present inventors have found that the total amount of both cholesterol and triglycerides in autistic individuals is significantly lower than that in healthy individuals. Based on this finding, in the present invention, when the neutral fat concentration or cholesterol concentration in plasma or serum measured by the above-described method is lower than the standard value-standard error of a healthy subject, the subject's autism Judged that the risk of onset is high. Specifically, when the cholesterol concentration is 160 mg / dl or less, preferably 150 mg / dl or less, or when the neutral fat concentration is 80 mg / dl or less, preferably 60 mg / dl or less, Judged that the risk of developing autism is high.
- the risk of developing high-functioning autism can be determined at an early stage with a high accuracy rate by a simple method using peripheral blood.
- Kit for judging risk of developing autism The kit according to the present invention comprises the above-mentioned 2. What is necessary is just to implement the method for determining the risk of developing autism described in the column, and the specific configurations, materials, devices, and the like included in the method are not particularly limited.
- the kit of the present invention is not limited to these, for example, a reagent for measuring neutral fat in isolated peripheral plasma or serum, or peripheral blood VLDL: lipoprotein lipase (LPL), One or more selected from enzymes such as glycerol kinase (GK), glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO), glycerol oxidase (GOD), glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH), pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and DAOS And a coloring reagent such as FDAOS. Furthermore, a buffer solution necessary for measurement may be included.
- GK glycerol kinase
- GPO glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- GDH glycerol oxidase
- GDH glycerol dehydrogenase
- pyruvate kinase lactate dehydrogenas
- the kit of the present invention includes glycerin, buffer solution (PIPES pH 6.5), riboprotein lipase, adenosine-5′-phosphate disodium. Trihydrate (ATP), glycerol kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO), peroxidase, N-ethyl-N- (2′-hydroxy-3′-sulfopropyl) -3,5-dimethoxyaniline sodium 1 or 2 or more selected from (DAOS), 4-aminoantipyrine, and ascorbate oxidase may be included.
- kit of the present invention is not limited thereto, but, for example, reagents for measuring cholesterol in isolated peripheral plasma or peripheral serum, or peripheral blood VLDL: cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase, and color development Reagents can be included.
- Such a kit can be used to determine the risk of developing high-functioning autism.
- kit for determining the risk of developing autism can be used as a kit for a method for screening candidate substances for therapeutic agents for autism described later.
- the determination method and determination kit of the present invention can be applied to a screening method for candidate substances for therapeutic agents for autism using non-human mammals.
- non-human mammal any mammal other than humans may be used.
- mice, rats, monkeys, and the like can be used.
- the present invention is a method for screening a candidate substance for a treatment for autism, (A) a step of administering a test substance to a non-human mammal; (B) isolating plasma or serum from the non-human mammal; (C) measuring the neutral fat concentration contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction in the isolated plasma or serum, and (d) in the plasma or serum compared to before administration of the test substance
- a screening method comprising a step of determining that a test substance is a candidate substance for a treatment for autism, using as an index the increase in neutral fat concentration contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction provide.
- an increase in the concentration of neutral fat, cholesterol in peripheral plasma or serum, or the concentration of cholesterol contained in the ultra-low density lipoprotein fraction in peripheral plasma or serum is used as an indicator. It is also possible to screen for candidate substances for drugs for treating autism.
- Such a screening method can be used to select candidate substances for high-functioning autism drugs.
- Subjects 106 men with high-functioning autism [mean age: 14.7 years (standard deviation 5.9), age range: 6 to 30 years] were selected as subjects, and 112 healthy people of the same age group [ The average age: 15.1 years (standard deviation 6.2), age range: 6-30 years] was selected as the healthy controls. All patients were diagnosed according to the ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) diagnostic criteria for high functioning autism.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the triglyceride concentration in the drawing and the age.
- the cholesterol concentration of the VLDL fraction of the healthy control was almost constant regardless of age, but the cholesterol concentration of the VLDL fraction of the autistic person was lowest at an early age and increased with aging.
- VLDL Since the lipid contained in VLDL is mostly neutral fat, the tendency was more prominent in the neutral fat concentration (FIG. 3). Therefore, it was considered that the reduction of the neutral fat concentration in the VLDL fraction is effective for early diagnosis of high-functioning autism.
- diagnosis of autism which has been largely based on the subjectivity of doctors so far, becomes a diagnosis that introduces biological standards, so that improvement of diagnostic technology is expected.
- medical treatment of autistic patients will be effective as soon as possible.
- the method of the present invention can be applied to infants and children, and it can be applied comprehensively to prevention based on early diagnosis, early treatment, and support for rehabilitation. It is possible to establish a simple treatment system.
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Abstract
Description
(a)非ヒト哺乳動物に被検物質を投与する工程、
(b)非ヒト哺乳動物から血漿または血清を単離する工程、
(c)単離した血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度を測定する工程、および
(d)被検物質を投与する前と比べて、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度が上昇することを指標として、被検物質が自閉症治療薬の候補物質であると判定する工程
を含むことを特徴とするスクリーニング方法も提供する。
「自閉症」は小児期に診断される広汎性発達障害の一つで、主要症状としてコミュニケーションの障害、社会的相互作用の障害、限局した興味と行動、知覚過敏や多動傾向が3歳までに現れる。「高機能自閉症」とは、上記の自閉症のうち、知的発達の遅れを伴わないものをいう。
本発明は、被検者より単離された血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質を測定する工程を含む、自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法に関する。
本発明において測定される試料は、被検者より通常採取した血液から、血漿または血清を調製して用いる。本発明は、末梢血を試料として用いることができる。血漿または血清を調製する方法としては、本分野において周知の方法を用いることができる。取得した血漿または血清は、測定するまで凍結保存してもよい。
本発明において、測定工程は、超遠心法やゲル濾過等の本分野において周知の方法により、被検者より単離された血漿または血清を分離して各分画を得、次に分画中の中性脂肪濃度またはコレステロール濃度を測定することにより行われる。ゲル濾過HPLC法を用いると、血清を分離して各分画を検出および定量することができる。血漿中および血清中において、脂質濃度に差はない。
本発明においては、直接VLDL中の中性脂肪濃度を測定して、自閉症の発症危険度を判定してもよいし、まず血漿または血清中の中性脂肪の総量を測定し、中性脂肪の総量が一定値未満の場合にVLDL分画の中性脂肪濃度を測定して、自閉症の発症危険度を判定する、という2段階の測定を行ってもよい。2段階の測定を行う場合、中性脂肪の総量が80mg/dl未満、好ましくは70mg/dl未満、より好ましくは60mg/dl未満の場合に、VLDL分画の中性脂肪濃度を測定して、自閉症の発症危険度を判定することが望ましい。こうして測定を2段階にすることにより、自閉症の診断補助を容易に行うことができる。
1)試料中の中性脂肪をリポプロテインリパーゼ(LPL)の作用によりグリセリンと脂肪酸に分解する、
2)生成したグリセリンをATP存在下でグリセロールキナーゼ(GK)の作用によりグリセロール-3-リン酸とする、
3)生成したグリセロール-3-リン酸を、グリセロール-3-リン酸オキシダーゼ(GPO)の作用により酸化させ、同時に過酸化水素を生じさせる、
4)生じた過酸化水素をペルオキシダーゼ(POD)の作用によりN-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホプロピル)-3,5-ジメトキシアニリンナトリウム(DAOS)と4-アミノアンチピリンとを定量的に酸化縮合させ、青色の色素を生成させる、および
5)生じた青色色素の吸光度を測定することにより検体中の中性脂肪濃度を算出する。
本発明においては、直接VLDL中のコレステロール濃度を測定して、自閉症の発症危険度を判定してもよいし、まず血漿または血清中のコレステロールの総量を測定し、コレステロールの総量が一定値未満の場合にVLDL分画のコレステロール濃度を測定して、自閉症の発症危険度を判定する、という2段階の測定を行ってもよい。こうして測定を2段階にすることにより、自閉症の診断補助を容易に行うことができる。
1)試料中のコレステロールをコレステロールオキシダーゼの作用により酸化して、ケトン体と過酸化水素を発生させる、
2)生じた過酸化水素をペルオキシダーゼの作用によりN-エチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-スルホプロピル)-3,5-ジメトキシアニリンナトリウム(DAOS)と4-アミノアンチピリンとを定量的に酸化縮合させ、青色の色素を生成させる、および
3)生じた青色色素の吸光度を測定することにより検体中のコレステロール濃度を算出する。
発明者らは、健常者においては年齢にかかわらずほぼ一定のVLDL分画中の中性脂肪濃度が、自閉症者においては、幼少時に低く、加齢とともに増加するという知見を見出した。
本発明に係るキットは、上記2.欄で説明した自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法を実施するためのものであればよく、これに含まれる具体的な構成、材料、機器などは、特に限定されるものではない。
本発明の判定方法や判定キットは、非ヒト哺乳類動物を用いた自閉症治療薬の候補物質のスクリーニング方法に応用しうる。非ヒト哺乳類動物としては、ヒトを除く哺乳動物であればよいが、例えば、マウス、ラット、およびサル等を使用することができる。
(a)非ヒト哺乳動物に被検物質を投与する工程、
(b)非ヒト哺乳動物から血漿または血清を単離する工程、
(c)単離した血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度を測定する工程、および
(d)被検物質を投与する前と比べて、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度が上昇することを指標として、被検物質が自閉症治療薬の候補物質であると判定する工程を含むことを特徴とするスクリーニング方法を提供する。
高機能自閉症の男性106名〔平均年齢:14.7歳(標準偏差5.9)、年齢範囲:6歳~30歳〕を被験者に選び、ならびに同一年齢層の健康者112名〔平均年齢:15.1歳(標準偏差6.2)、年齢範囲:6歳~30歳〕を健常対照として被験者に選んだ。すべての患者は、高機能自閉症の診断基準ADI-R(Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised)に従って診断した。
被験者の血清検体を採取し、測定まで-80℃で保存した。コレステロールと中性脂肪の脂質分画をHPLC法により測定比較した。VLDL分画の中性脂肪濃度はSkylight-Biotech社に委託し、ゲル濾過HPLC法を用いて測定した。
データは平均値で示した。2群間の統計分析はt検定で解析した。0.01未満のp値を統計的に有意とした。
(1)自閉症者における血清中脂質濃度の低下
健常対照の未成年被験者および高機能自閉症の未成年被験者における、血清中脂質のリポ蛋白質分画濃度平均値を表1および図1に示す。
自閉症者と健常対照者の、VLDL分画中のコレステロール濃度と年齢との関係を図2に、VLDL分画中の中性脂肪濃度と年齢との関係を図3に示す。
VLDL分画の中性脂肪濃度の方が、コレステロール濃度に比べて、幼少時に低く、加齢とともに増加するという傾向が顕著であったため、中性脂肪濃度についてカットオフ値を検索した。
Claims (14)
- 被検者より単離された血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質を測定する工程を含み、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度が、60mg/dl以下であるときに自閉症の発症危険度が高いと判断することを特徴とする、自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法。
- 18歳以下の被検者において、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度が、60mg/dl以下であるときに自閉症の発症危険度が高いと判断することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法。
- 8歳以下の被検者において、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度が、30mg/dl以下であるときに自閉症の発症危険度が高いと判断することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法。
- 自閉症が高機能自閉症である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- リポプロテインリパーゼ、グリセロールキナーゼ、グリセロール-3-リン酸オキシダーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、アスコルビン酸オキシダーゼ、ピルビン酸キナーゼ、および乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼからなる群から選択される、1または2以上の酵素と発色剤を含む、自閉症の発症危険度判定用キット。
- 自閉症が高機能自閉症である、請求項5に記載のキット。
- 自閉症治療薬の候補物質をスクリーニングする方法であって、
(a)非ヒト哺乳動物に被検物質を投与する工程、
(b)非ヒト哺乳動物から血漿または血清を単離する工程、
(c)単離した血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度を測定する工程、および
(d)被検物質を投与する前と比べて、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれる中性脂肪濃度が上昇することを指標として、被検物質が自閉症治療薬の候補物質であると判定する工程
を含むことを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。 - 自閉症が高機能自閉症である、請求項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 被検者より単離された血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質を測定する工程を含み、血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれるコレステロール濃度が、健常者の血漿または血清中の超低密度リポタンパク質分画に含まれるコレステロール濃度の標準値-標準誤差よりも低いときに自閉症の発症危険度が高いと判断することを特徴とする、自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法。
- 自閉症が高機能自閉症である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 被検者より単離された血漿または血清中のコレステロール濃度および/または中性脂肪濃度を測定する工程を含み、前記コレステロール濃度が健常者のコレステロール濃度の標準値-標準誤差よりも低いとき、および/または前記中性脂肪濃度が健常者の中性脂肪濃度の標準値-標準誤差よりも低いときに自閉症の発症危険度が高いと判断することを特徴とする、自閉症の発症危険度を判定する方法。
- 自閉症が高機能自閉症である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- コレステロールオキシダーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、および発色剤を含む、自閉症の発症危険度判定用キット。
- 自閉症が高機能自閉症である、請求項13に記載のキット。
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Cited By (3)
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JP2013245941A (ja) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-09 | Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co Ltd | 共同注視能力の評価方法及びその評価装置 |
JP2018033393A (ja) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-08 | 国立大学法人筑波技術大学 | 自閉症スペクトラム障害の判定方法と判定用キット |
TWI708945B (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-11-01 | 日商電化生研股份有限公司 | 輔助判斷循環器官疾病等的風險之方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2490028A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
US8518659B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
JPWO2011045937A1 (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
CN102597781B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
EP2490028B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP2490028A4 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
CN102597781A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
JP5757627B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
US20120231484A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
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