WO2011044768A1 - 功率法起重机超载检测方法 - Google Patents

功率法起重机超载检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011044768A1
WO2011044768A1 PCT/CN2010/072227 CN2010072227W WO2011044768A1 WO 2011044768 A1 WO2011044768 A1 WO 2011044768A1 CN 2010072227 W CN2010072227 W CN 2010072227W WO 2011044768 A1 WO2011044768 A1 WO 2011044768A1
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Prior art keywords
crane
motor
load
load weight
weight
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PCT/CN2010/072227
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐二石
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天津天安起重电器有限公司
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Publication of WO2011044768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011044768A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/16Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C15/00Safety gear
    • B66C15/06Arrangements or use of warning devices
    • B66C15/065Arrangements or use of warning devices electrical

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of crane safety protection, in particular to a power method crane overload detection method.
  • cranes are widely used in cargo yards, workshops, etc. for lifting goods. Their working characteristics are frequent start-up, uncertain lifting weight, and overloading often occurs during work. When the crane is overloaded, it will cause damage to the components of the crane, shorten the service life of the crane, and cause a safety accident in severe cases. In order to prevent damage to the crane caused by overloading of the crane, to avoid the danger of the crane, and to extend the life of the crane, it is necessary to overload the crane.
  • the method of overloading the crane is usually to install a lifting weight limiter on the crane, which is used to detect the weight of the load and prevent the crane from being overloaded.
  • the existing lifting limiter mainly adopts the following two methods to realize the detection of the load weight: 1.
  • the method of installing the weight sensor which uses the function relationship between the mechanical deformation caused by the load and the load weight to perform the load weight detection. .
  • the shortcomings of the invention are: long reaction time for detecting the weight of the load, inconvenient installation, affecting the lifting height of the load, narrow application range, etc. 2.
  • the method of detecting the working current of the motor which passes the load weight and the work of the motor The relationship between the currents is used to detect the load weight.
  • the problems are: Because there are many factors affecting the working current of the motor, the actual working current can not accurately reflect the load weight, resulting in low accuracy of detecting the load weight, poor adaptability to voltage fluctuations and the need to use the standard ⁇ The problem of complicated installation caused by code calibration.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for detecting overload of a power crane with scientific detection, high accuracy, high accuracy, quick response, easy installation and wide application range.
  • a power method crane overload detection method includes the following steps:
  • m is the load weight of the crane
  • K is the coefficient
  • U is the working voltage of the motor
  • I is the working current of the motor
  • COS O is the power factor of the motor
  • is the lifting efficiency of the crane
  • V is the lifting speed of the load.
  • g is the gravitational acceleration of the load weight
  • the power factor COS of the electric motor, the lifting efficiency ⁇ of the crane, the lifting speed V of the load, and the gravitational acceleration g and coefficient ⁇ of the load weight are obtained by a calibration method or a type test method.
  • the detection method realizes the detection of the crane load weight according to the law of conservation of energy. During the detection process, the weight sensor is not used, and it is not affected by the voltage fluctuation. It does not need to use the standard weight calibration. Instead, the user needs to provide the load lifting speed, the motor power (UI) and the rated lifting weight. The power relationship realizes the detection of the crane load.
  • the design method of the detection method is scientific and reliable, practical, and has high detection accuracy, fast response and easy installation.
  • the detection method makes full use of the crane's own characteristic parameters, such as load lifting speed V, lifting efficiency ⁇ , power factor COS D and other parameters.
  • the implementation method is scientific and reasonable, and the lifting weight can be detected quickly and accurately. Overload conditions are processed.
  • This test method can protect the crane from current protection, voltage protection and phase sequence protection in addition to overload protection of the crane. It can fully protect the operation safety of the crane.
  • This test method can be used on various types of motor-driven hoisting machinery, and its application range is wide.
  • the invention realizes the detection of the crane load weight by detecting the working voltage and the working current of the motor and combining the load lifting speed and the motor related parameters provided by the user, without using the weight sensor, and is not affected by the voltage fluctuation, and does not need to use the standard. Weight calibration, with fast response, high accuracy, and a wide range of applications.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a detecting circuit used in the present invention.
  • a power method crane overload detection method can be implemented on the detection circuit shown in FIG.
  • the detection circuit is composed of a microprocessor, a current sampling module, a voltage sampling module, an alarm module and an input module, and the input module is connected with the I/O interface of the microprocessor; one end of the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module is connected to the motor The other end is connected to the I/O interface of the microprocessor.
  • the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module respectively collect the current and voltage signals of the motor and convert them into digital signals and send them into the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor processes the built-in processing.
  • the software processes the collected voltage and current data and preset parameters.
  • the microprocessor is connected to the alarm module and the electrical control box through the I/O interface. For overload conditions, the alarm will be sent through the electrical control box. Cut off the rising power.
  • a power method crane overload detection method is implemented by the following steps:
  • m is the calculated load weight of the crane
  • U is the operating voltage of the motor detected in real time
  • I is to detect the working current of the motor in real time
  • COS O is the power factor of the motor
  • is the lifting efficiency of the crane
  • V is the load lifting speed
  • g is the gravitational acceleration of the load weight.
  • the power factor COS of the above motor, the lifting efficiency ⁇ of the crane, the lifting speed V of the load, and the gravitational acceleration g and the coefficient ⁇ of the load weight are obtained by a calibration method or a type test method.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Description

功率法起重机超载检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于起重机安全保护领域, 尤其是一种功率法起重机超载检测方法。
背景技术
目前, 起重机被广泛应用于货场、 车间等场合用于吊装货物, 其工作特点是启动 频繁、 起重量不确定, 在工作过程中经常会出现超载的情况。 当起重机超载运行时, 会使起重机的部件造成损坏, 縮短起重机的使用寿命, 严重时会造成安全事故。 为了 防止起重机超载运行对起重机的破坏, 避免起重机的险兆事故, 延长起重机的使用寿 命, 需要对起重机进行超载限制。 对起重机进行超载限制方法, 通常是在起重机上安 装起重量限制器, 利用其检测载荷重量, 防止起重机出现超载作业险情。
现有的起重限制器主要采用如下两种方法来实现对载荷重量的检测: 1、 采用安 装重量传感器的方法, 其利用载荷引起的机械变形与载荷重量之间的函数关系进行载 荷重量的检测。 其存在的不足是: 检测载荷重量的反应时间长、 不便于安装、 影响载 荷的起升高度、 适用范围窄等问题; 2、 采用检测电动机的工作电流的方法, 其通过载 荷重量与电动机的工作电流之间的关系进行载荷重量的检测。 其存在的问题是: 由于 影响电动机的工作电流的因素较多, 实际工作电流并不能准确反映载荷重量, 从而造 成检测载荷重量的准确度较低、 对电压波动的适应能力差以及必须使用标准砝码校准 带来的安装繁琐等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种检测方法科学可靠、准确度高、 反应快、 便于安装、 适用范围广泛的功率法起重机超载检测方法。
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种功率法起重机超载检测方法, 包括如下步骤:
(1) 检测电动机的工作电压及电动机的工作电流;
(2) 按照下述数学模型计算起重机的载荷重量:
m =Kr|UICOS O/gv
式中: m为起重机的载荷重量, K为系数, U为电动机的工作电压, I为电动机 的工作电流, COS O为电动机的功率因数, η为起重机的起重效率, V为载荷起升速度, g为载荷重量的重力加速度; (3) 将计算出的载荷重量与起重机的额定载荷比较, 判断超载情况。
而且, 所述的电动机的功率因数 COS 、 起重机的起重效率 η、 载荷起升速度 V 及载荷重量的重力加速度 g和系数 Κ采用标定方法或型式试验方法获得。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1 . 本检测方法根据能量守恒定律实现对起重机载荷重量的检测。 在检测过程中, 不使用重量传感器, 不受电压波动的影响, 不需要使用标准砝码校准, 而是需要用户 同时提供载荷起升速度、 电机功率(UI)、 额定起重量三个参数, 利用功率关系实现对 起重机载重进行检测, 其检测方法设计原理科学可靠、 实用性强, 检测准确度高、 反 应快、 便于安装。
2.本检测方法充分利用起重机自身的特征参数,如载荷起升速度 V、起重效率 η、 功率因数 COS D等参数, 其实现方法科学合理, 可以快速准确地对起重量进行检测并 对出现超载情况进行处理。
3. 本检测方法在对起重机进行超载限制保护之外, 还可以对起重机进行电流保 护、 电压保护和相序保护, 可以全面保护起重机的运行安全。
4. 本检测方法可以用在各种类型以电机驱动的起重机械上, 其适用范围广泛。
5. 本发明通过检测电动机的工作电压和工作电流并结合用户提供的载荷起升速 度及电动机相关参数实现对起重机载荷重量的检测, 不使用重量传感器, 不受电压波 动的影响, 不需要使用标准砝码校准, 具有响应速度快、 准确度高、 使用范围广泛等 特点。
附图说明
图 1是本发明所使用的检测电路方框图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明实施例做进一步详述。
一种功率法起重机超载检测方法, 可以在如图 1所示的检测电路上实现。 该检测 电路由微处理器、 电流采样模块、 电压采样模块、 报警模块及输入模块构成, 输入模 块与微处理器的 I/O接口相连接; 电流采样模块及电压采样模块的一端与电动机相连 接, 另一端与微处理器的 I/O接口相连接, 电流采样模块及电压采样模块分别采集电 动机的电流和电压信号并将其转换为数字信号送入微处理器中, 微处理器通过内置的 处理软件对采集的电压及电流数据以及预置的各种参数进行处理, 微处理器通过 I/O 接口与报警模块及电器控制箱相连接, 对于超载的情况将进行报警并通过电器控制箱 切断上升电源。
一种功率法起重机超载检测方法是通过如下步骤实现的:
(1) 通过电压采样模块及电流采样模块分别对电动机的工作电压及工作电流进行 检测, 检测的结果被传送到微处理器内;
(2) 按照下述数学模型计算起重机的载荷重量:
m =Kr|UICOS O/gv
式中: m为计算出的起重机的载荷重量;
K为系数;
U为实时检测出的电动机的工作电压;
I为实时检测出电动机的工作电流;
COS O为电动机的功率因数;
η为起重机的起重效率;
V为载荷起升速度;
g为载荷重量的重力加速度。
上述电动机的功率因数 COS 、 起重机的起重效率 η、 载荷起升速度 V及载荷重 量的重力加速度 g和系数 Κ均采用标定方法或型式试验方法获得。
(3) 将计算出的载荷重量与起重机的额定载荷比较, 判断超载情况, 当载荷重量 超过额定载荷重量时, 按照国家标准等有关规定进行相应的灯光报警、 声光报警或者 切断上升电源等处理。
本发明所述的实施例是说明性的, 而不是限定性的, 因此本发明并不限于具体实 施方式中所述的实施例。 凡是根据本发明的技术方案得出的其他实施方式, 同样属于 本发明保护的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种功率法起重机超载检测方法, 其特征在于: 包括如下步骤:
(1) 检测电动机的工作电压及电动机的工作电流;
(2) 按照下述数学模型计算起重机的载荷重量:
m =Kr|UICOS O/gv
式中: m为起重机的载荷重量, K为系数, U为电动机的工作电压, I为电动机 的工作电流, COS O为电动机的功率因数, η为起重机的起重效率, V为载荷起升速度, g为载荷重量的重力加速度;
(3) 将计算出的载荷重量与起重机的额定载荷比较, 判断超载情况。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的功率法起重机超载检测方法, 其特征在于: 所述的电 动机的功率因数 COS 、 起重机的起重效率 η、 载荷起升速度 V及载荷重量的重力加 速度 g和系数 K采用标定方法或型式试验方法获得。
PCT/CN2010/072227 2009-10-13 2010-04-27 功率法起重机超载检测方法 WO2011044768A1 (zh)

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CN101691189A (zh) * 2009-10-13 2010-04-07 天津天安起重电器有限公司 功率法起重机超载检测方法
CN102167259B (zh) * 2010-12-28 2013-02-06 天津天安起重电器有限公司 起重机械载荷质量的测量方法
CN104237625A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2014-12-24 广州特种机电设备检测研究院 一种全状态起重机械电流检测仪
CN105366549A (zh) * 2014-12-11 2016-03-02 冯春魁 起重机参数的测算、控制、运行和载荷监控的方法及系统
CN106441475B (zh) * 2016-09-12 2019-05-31 中国矿业大学 一种振动筛处理量在线检测装置和方法
CN109462357B (zh) * 2018-09-04 2020-08-18 中联重科股份有限公司 基于变频器的起升负载计算方法、装置以及电动机
CN111606206B (zh) * 2019-02-22 2022-04-19 三菱重工机械系统株式会社 载荷计算装置及载荷计算方法
CN110294416B (zh) * 2019-06-24 2021-08-06 中铁十二局集团有限公司 车间单梁行车控制方法及装置
CN113460885B (zh) * 2021-07-25 2022-04-12 上海莘汭驱动技术有限公司 大力矩永磁交流伺服电动机的驱动控制方法和系统
CN116119534B (zh) * 2023-02-07 2023-09-12 江苏苏港智能装备产业创新中心有限公司 一种基于起升变频器技术检测起重机起升载荷的方法

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