WO2011035599A1 - 用于实现网络故障时切换的方法及查询器 - Google Patents

用于实现网络故障时切换的方法及查询器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011035599A1
WO2011035599A1 PCT/CN2010/073126 CN2010073126W WO2011035599A1 WO 2011035599 A1 WO2011035599 A1 WO 2011035599A1 CN 2010073126 W CN2010073126 W CN 2010073126W WO 2011035599 A1 WO2011035599 A1 WO 2011035599A1
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Prior art keywords
querier
standby
primary
multicast group
multicast
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PCT/CN2010/073126
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁博
范亮
孙伟
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority to IN2158DEN2012 priority Critical patent/IN2012DN02158A/en
Priority to EP10818293.2A priority patent/EP2466795B1/en
Priority to US13/395,224 priority patent/US8699325B2/en
Publication of WO2011035599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011035599A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
    • H04L41/0663—Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1863—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast comprising mechanisms for improved reliability, e.g. status reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/58—Association of routers
    • H04L45/586—Association of routers of virtual routers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/40—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multicast technology, and more particularly to a method and interrogator for implementing handover when a network fails. Background technique
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • Multicast has become the most important technology in data communication networks. one.
  • the ever-increasing market demand puts higher demands on the quality of video service transmission of network providers.
  • higher transmission quality, faster channel switching capability, and better network fault avoidance are required. ability.
  • the core network is a route-based forwarding network.
  • the Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) protocol is used, and the access network is usually forwarded based on the Media Access Control (MAC) address, and the Internet Group Management Protocol is used for multicast on-demand (IGMP, Internet Group Management Protocol), different network structures and protocol types determine the fast switching methods for network failures.
  • PIM Protocol Independent Multicast
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
  • the IGMPv2 protocol is a multicast group member management protocol. Usually, one multicast group corresponds to one.
  • the second is the multicast group member (also known as the host).
  • the host When the user clicks and closes the multicast program, the host sends a join and leave multicast group request, and receives the multicast stream sent from the querier; Non-Querier, other routers with querier function in the same network.
  • the primary querier in a network fails, an alternate querier will be converted into the primary querier (if there are more than one standby querier, Then the election is the same as the previous election of the main querier).
  • the routers select an active querier according to certain rules (for example, according to the size relationship between the IP addresses).
  • the non-active querier periodically receives the query message sent by the main querier.
  • the standby querier When the standby querier receives a query message sent from the main querier, it starts a timer and waits for the next query message to arrive. If the timer expires, it indicates that a query packet is lost. When the number of timeouts reaches a certain threshold (called a robust variable, usually 2), the standby querier considers the primary querier. If the querier fails, immediately set its own state as the primary querier and send the query message out. The function of the message is two. One is to determine which multicast groups have members to join according to the message that each host receives after the query message. The second is that if there is more than one standby querier this time, you can pass this message. Query ⁇ again to select a main querier.
  • a robust variable usually 2
  • the above method has three drawbacks: First, the period in which the standby querier becomes the primary querier is too long, because the querier switching is dependent on the frequency of the query message sent by the primary querier, and the query message is mainly used for the query.
  • this The time depends on the time when the response message is sent after sending the query message. Usually, the default value of this time is 10 seconds.
  • the standby querier and the upper layer network are running dynamic multicast protocols (such as IGMP, PIM, etc.)
  • the standby querier will initiate a request to the upper layer network to direct the multicast stream from the upper layer network, and the period depends on the architecture of the upper layer network and the upper layer device processing the multicast receiving request.
  • the above three defects cause the standby querier to become the primary querier after the original primary querier fails or the primary querier downlink failure, and finally send the multicast stream to each host according to the membership of each multicast group. This cycle is very long. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a querier for implementing handover when a network fault occurs.
  • the primary querier or its downlink fails, the fast querier switching and the fast multicast traffic are completed through the fast detection mechanism. It is delivered, which reduces the interruption time of receiving multicast streams, and implements fast protection of multicast services to improve the user experience.
  • the present invention provides a method for implementing handover when a network fails, and the method includes:
  • the standby querier uses the detection mechanism to perform real-time detection on the downlink of the primary querier and the primary querier;
  • the standby querier When the standby querier detects the primary querier or its downlink failure, it switches to the primary querier.
  • the detection mechanism is: a two-way forwarding mechanism or an Ethernet operation maintenance management mechanism.
  • the standby querier detects the downlink of the primary querier and the primary querier in real time by using a detection mechanism, and specifically includes:
  • the standby querier detects in real time whether the primary querier and its downlink are faulty by bidirectional forwarding session state
  • the standby querier detects the host in real time through an Ethernet operation maintenance management state. Whether the querier and its downlink are faulty.
  • the method further includes:
  • the standby querier updates the status of each multicast group member according to the received multicast group member joining or leaving the multicast group request.
  • the method further includes:
  • the standby querier introduces a multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper layer network. Further, after the standby querier switches to the primary querier, the method further includes: the standby querier sending the multicast packet to the lower layer network while sending the query message.
  • the invention also provides a standby querier, the querier comprising:
  • a detecting unit configured to perform real-time detection on a downlink of the main querier and the main querier by using a detection mechanism established by the establishing unit;
  • a switching unit configured to switch the querier to the primary querier when the detecting unit detects the primary querier or its downlink failure.
  • the standby querier further includes:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive a join or leave a multicast group request of a multicast group member
  • the status update unit is configured to update the status of each multicast group member according to the joining or leaving the multicast group request of the multicast group member received by the receiving unit.
  • the standby querier further includes:
  • the multicast routing processing unit is configured to: according to the multicast group request of the multicast group member received by the receiving unit, import the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper layer network through the multicast routing protocol.
  • the standby querier further includes: a sending unit, configured to: after the switching unit switches the querier to the primary querier, send the query message, and send the multicast stream to the lower layer network.
  • a sending unit configured to: after the switching unit switches the querier to the primary querier, send the query message, and send the multicast stream to the lower layer network.
  • the standby querier when the standby querier receives the message of joining and leaving the multicast group, the standby querier actively updates the member status of each multicast group, and when the standby querier switches to the primary querier, the query is sent. At the same time, the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins is sent to the lower layer network. The multicast traffic is quickly delivered, reducing the interruption time for users to receive multicast streams.
  • the standby querier maintains the state of each multicast group member
  • the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins is actively introduced from the upper layer network, and the traffic is temporarily terminated locally.
  • the multicast stream is immediately sent to the lower layer network.
  • the user host multicast stream interruption time when the querier or its downlink failure is greatly shortened can be achieved, so that the end user can not perceive the network failover effect.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art network topology
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart showing a method for implementing handover when a network is faulty according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of the standby querier of the present invention. detailed description
  • the current IGMP protocol has three problems in failover: First, when the primary querier or its downlink fails, the standby querier switches to the primary querier for a long period; second, after the standby querier switches to the primary querier. Wait until the host replies to the query message to know the member status of each multicast group. Third, the standby querier needs to re-route from the upper-layer network after knowing the status of the multicast group member.
  • the above three issues can cause long interruptions in user multicast traffic.
  • the first problem arises because the state switching between the primary querier and the secondary querier depends on the waiting timeout mechanism of the query message sent by the primary querier by the standby querier, and the sending period of this packet is long. Because the message is also used for the primary querier to query all multicast group member hosts.
  • the invention uses a quick check between a separate primary querier and a secondary querier
  • the standby querier can quickly discover the downlink fault of the primary querier or the primary querier and quickly switch to the function of the primary queryer.
  • the second problem occurs because the standby querier can receive the user's join and leave the multicast group message but does not process it, that is, the query status of each multicast group is not recorded.
  • the solution of the present invention is to actively update the member status of each multicast group when the standby querier receives the message of joining and leaving the multicast group. When the standby querier switches to the primary querier, the query message is sent. At the same time, the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins is immediately sent to the lower layer network.
  • the third problem is caused by the same reason as the second problem, because the standby querier does not maintain the membership status of each multicast group.
  • the solution of the present invention is to actively import the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins, and to use multicasts such as PIM and IGMP, while maintaining the state of each multicast group member in the standby querier.
  • the protocol introduces a multicast stream and temporarily terminates the multicast stream locally. When the standby querier becomes the primary querier, the multicast stream is immediately sent to the lower layer network.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart showing a method for implementing handover when a network fault occurs in the present invention.
  • a method for implementing network failure switching includes:
  • Step 201 Establish a fast detection mechanism between the standby querier and the primary querier.
  • the detection mechanism includes a two-way forwarding mechanism or an Ethernet operation maintenance management mechanism.
  • the standby querier uses the existing packets to maintain the member status of each multicast group.
  • the protocol packets in the lower layer network are not added.
  • Step 203 The standby querier introduces the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper layer network, and does not deliver the multicast stream to the downlink network.
  • Step 204 The standby querier uses the detection mechanism to perform real-time detection on the downlink of the primary querier and the primary querier. Specifically, it may include:
  • the standby querier detects in real time whether the primary querier and its downlink are faulty by bidirectional forwarding session state
  • the standby querier detects the primary querier and its downlink failure in real time through the Ethernet operation maintenance management status.
  • Step 205 When the primary querier or its downlink fault is detected, the standby querier switches to the primary querier.
  • Step 206 Send the multicast stream to the lower layer network while the standby querier sends the query message.
  • the immediate querier state switching is not performed.
  • the original primary querier actively maintains the member status of each multicast group through the same steps, and introduces the multicast stream from the upper layer network.
  • the fast detection mechanism is used again to discover and implement the handover.
  • This embodiment is applicable not only to the scenario where the upper-layer network is a Layer 3 network, for example, the multicast protocol uses the PIM protocol. The same applies to the scenario where the upper-layer network is a Layer 2 network.
  • the querier (the primary querier and the standby query) I) can enable IGMP snooping at the same time.
  • the BFD protocol is used for fast detection between the primary querier and the standby querier.
  • Step A1 A BFD session is established between the primary querier and the standby querier, and the standby querier detects whether the primary querier and its downlink are normal through the BFD session state.
  • Step B1 the standby querier actively maintains the member status of each multicast group according to the received host joining and leaving the multicast group request;
  • Step C1 The standby querier actively introduces the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper layer network, and temporarily terminates the traffic locally;
  • Step D1 The primary querier or its downlink fault, and the standby querier finds the fault through the BFD detection mechanism.
  • Step E1 The standby querier actively switches to the primary querier, and sends the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins to the lower layer network immediately after sending the Query message.
  • Application 2 The main querier and the standby querier perform fast detection through the Ethernet OAM protocol.
  • step A2 an Ethernet OAM maintenance entity (Maintenance Entity) is established between the primary querier and the standby querier, and the standby querier detects whether the primary querier and its downlink are normal through the Ethernet OAM status.
  • an Ethernet OAM maintenance entity Maintenance Entity
  • Step B2 The standby querier actively maintains the member status of each multicast group according to the received host joining and leaving the multicast group request.
  • Step C2 The standby querier actively introduces the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper-layer network, and temporarily terminates the traffic locally;
  • Step D2 The primary querier or its downlink fault, and the standby querier discovers the fault by using an Ethernet OAM detection mechanism.
  • Step E2 The standby querier actively switches to the primary querier, and sends the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins to the lower layer network immediately after sending the query message.
  • Application 3 There is one main querier and multiple standby queriers in the network, and the main querier and each standby querier use BFD protocol for fast detection.
  • Step A3 A BFD session is established between the primary querier and each of the standby queriers, and the standby querier detects whether the primary querier and its downlink are normal through the BFD session state.
  • Step C3 Each standby querier actively introduces a multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper layer network, and temporarily terminates the traffic locally;
  • Step D3 The primary querier or its downlink fault, and the standby querier finds the fault through the BFD detection mechanism;
  • each of the standby queriers actively switches to the primary querier, and then sends the query message to re-query the querier, and the elected new primary querier immediately multicasts the multicast group to which the member joins.
  • the stream is sent to the lower layer network.
  • Application 4 The main querier and the standby querier perform fast detection through the Ethernet OAM protocol, and the primary querier (or its downlink) fails, causing the standby querier to switch to the primary querier, which occurs downward. Multicast stream.
  • the original group querier (or its downlink) fails, the current primary querier does not switch back to the standby querier.
  • the current group querier fails, it passes through Ethernet again.
  • the OAM mechanism triggers the conversion of the current main querier to the main querier.
  • step A4 the original primary querier (or its downlink) is recovered, and the Ethernet OAM maintenance entity state between the original primary querier and the current primary querier is restored, and the original primary querier temporarily does not switch back to the primary query. And become the current standby querier state;
  • Step B4 The original primary querier actively maintains the member status of each multicast group according to the received host joining and leaving the multicast group request.
  • Step C4 The original primary querier actively introduces the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins from the upper layer network, and temporarily terminates the traffic locally;
  • Step D4 The current primary querier or its downlink fault, the original primary querier discovers the fault through the Ethernet OAM detection mechanism;
  • step E4 the original main querier actively switches back to the main querier, and sends the query message.
  • the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins is immediately sent to the lower layer network.
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of the standby querier of the present invention.
  • the alternate querier includes:
  • the establishing unit 301 is configured to establish a fast detecting mechanism with the main querier
  • the detecting unit 302 is configured to perform real-time detection on the downlink of the primary querier and the primary querier by using a detection mechanism established by the establishing unit;
  • the switching unit 303 is configured to switch the querier to the main querier when the detecting unit detects the main querier or its downlink failure.
  • the standby querier may further include:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive a join or leave a multicast group request of a multicast group member
  • the status update unit is configured to update the status of each multicast group member according to the joining or leaving the multicast group request of the multicast group member received by the receiving unit.
  • the standby querier may further include:
  • the multicast routing processing unit is configured to: according to the request of the multicast group member of the multicast group received by the receiving unit, the multicast routing protocol to import the multicast stream corresponding to the multicast group to which the member joins.
  • the standby querier may further include:
  • the sending unit is configured to: after the switching unit switches the querier to the main querier, send the query message, and send the multicast stream to the lower layer network.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Description

用于实现网络故障时切换的方法及查询器 技术领域
本发明涉及组播技术， 特别涉及用于实现网络故障时切换的方法及查 询器。 背景技术
随着基于互联网协议的电视广播服务 （ IPTV , Internet Protocol Television ) 业务在全球的飞速发展， 网络中的视频流量正在以极快的速度 不断增长， 组播已经成为数据通信网络中的最重要的技术之一。 日益扩大 的市场需求对网络提供商的视频业务传送质量提出了更高的要求， 为了提 升 IPTV用户的业务体验， 需要更高的传送质量、 更快的频道切换能力， 以 及更好的网络故障规避能力。
从 IPTV业务提供商到最终用户之间，组播流量需要流经业务供应商侧 网关、 核心网络、 业务控制节点（SN, Service Node )和接入网络。 从网络 故障规避的角度来说， 核心网络和接入网络的处理方式各有不同， 原因是 两种网络类型及釆用的组播协议都不相同， 核心网络是一个基于路由转发 的网络， 釆用的是协议无关组播（ PIM , Protocol Independent Multicast )协 议， 而接入网络通常是基于媒体访问控制 （ MAC , Media Access Control ) 地址进行转发的， 组播点播釆用的是因特网组管理协议（IGMP, Internet Group Management Protocol )协议， 不同的网络结构和协议类型决定了网络 故障时的快速切换方式各有不同。
请参阅图 1 , 在接入网络中， 目前广泛釆用 IGMP第二版本（ IGMPv2, IGMP version 2 )协议， IGMPv2协议是一个组播组 ( Multicast Group )成员 管理协议， 通常一个组播组对应一套视频节目， 涉及三种类型的网元： 一 是组播主用查询器 （Querier ) 负责查询和维护各组播组的成员状态， 接收 和处理组成员的加入和离开组播组的请求， 并将组播流从有用户点播的接 入发送出去； 二是组播组成员 （又称主机）， 在用户点击和关闭组播节目时 主机会发送加入和离开组播组请求， 以及接收从查询器发来的组播流； 三 是备用查询器（Non-Querier ), 同一网络中具备查询器功能的其它路由器， 当一个网络中的主用查询器故障时， 一个备用查询器会转变为主用查询器 (若备用查询器多于一个， 那么选举的方式与此前选举主用查询器相同）。 当同一个接入网络中同时存在多个配置查询器功能的路由器时， 路由器间 会依据一定的规则 （例如按照相互之间的 IP地址大小关系）选择一个主用 的查询器。 非主用的查询器定期接收主用查询器发出的查询报文， 当备用 查询器收到一个从主用查询器发来的查询报文之后， 启动一个定时器等待 下一个查询报文的到来， 如果该定时器超时， 说明丟失了一个查询报文， 当超时的情况出现的次数达到一定的门限值（称为健壮性变量， 通常取值 为 2 )时， 备用查询器即认为主用查询器发生了故障， 立即将自己的状态置 为主用查询器， 并向外发送查询报文。 该报文的作用有两个， 一是根据各 个主机收到查询 文之后回复的消息来判断哪些组播组有成员加入， 二是 如果这次还存在一个以上的备用查询器， 则可以通过这个查询 ^艮文再次选 择一个主用查询器。
上述方法有三个缺陷： 一是备用查询器变成主用查询器的周期过长， 因为查询器的切换是依赖于主用查询器的查询消息发送频率的， 而由于查 询报文主要用于查询器和大量主机间的交互以维护组播组成员关系， 所以 查询器的查询周期设置一般较长（默认周期为 125秒）， 即备用查询器判断 自己转变为主用查询器一般需要 250秒以上时间 （查询周期乘以健壮性变 量）； 二是备用查询器在变成主用查询器之后， 还需要通过发送查询消息和 接收从各个主机发回的回应消息才能确定哪些组播组是有用户点播的， 这 个时间依赖于发送查询消息之后收到响应消息的时间， 通常这个时间的默 认值为 10秒； 三是如果备用查询器与上层网络间运行的也是动态组播协议 (如 IGMP, PIM等）， 那么在确认哪些组播组有用户点播之后， 备用查询 器才会向上层网络发起请求， 将组播流从上层网络引下来， 这个周期取决 于上层网络的架构和上层设备处理组播接收请求并处理的速度， 及处理发 完之后发送数据流到查询器的时长。 上述三个缺陷导致在原主用查询器故 障或主用查询器下行链路故障后， 到备用查询器变为主用查询器并最终按 各组播组的成员关系将组播流发往各个主机， 这个周期非常漫长。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于实现网络故障时切换的方法及查询 器， 当主用查询器或其下行链路发生故障时， 通过快速检测机制完成查询 器的快速切换和组播流量的快速下发， 减少用户接收组播流的中断时间， 实现组播业务的快速保护， 提升用户的业务体验。
本发明提供一种实现网络故障时切换的方法， 该方法包括：
备用查询器与主用查询器之间建立快速检测机制；
所述备用查询器釆用所述检测机制对所述主用查询器和所述主用查询 器的下行链路进行实时检测；
在所述备用查询器检测到所述主用查询器或其下行链路故障时， 切换 为主用查询器。
所述检测机制为： 双向转发机制或者以太网操作维护管理机制。
进一步的， 所述备用查询器釆用检测机制对主用查询器和主用查询器 的下行链路进行实时检测， 具体包括：
所述备用查询器通过双向转发会话状态实时检测所述主用查询器和其 下行链路是否故障；
或者， 所述备用查询器通过以太网操作维护管理状态实时检测所述主 用查询器和其下行链路是否故障。
进一步的， 该方法还包括：
所述备用查询器根据接收到的组播组成员的加入或离开组播组请求， 更新各组播组成员的状态。
进一步的， 该方法还包括：
所述备用查询器从上层网络引入有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流。 进一步的， 在所述备用查询器切换为主用查询器之后， 该方法还包括： 所述备用查询器在发送查询报文的同时， 向下层网络发送所述组播流。 本发明还提供一种备用查询器， 该查询器包括：
建立单元， 用于与主用查询器之间建立检测机制；
检测单元， 用于釆用所述建立单元建立的检测机制对所述主用查询器 和所述主用查询器的下行链路进行实时检测；
切换单元， 用于在所述检测单元检测到所述主用查询器或其下行链路 故障时， 将本查询器切换为主用查询器。
进一步的， 该备用查询器还包括：
接收单元， 用于接收组播组成员的加入或离开组播组请求；
状态更新单元， 用于根据所述接收单元接收到的组播组成员的加入或 离开组播组请求， 更新各组播组成员的状态。
进一步的， 该备用查询器还包括：
组播路由处理单元， 用于根据所述接收单元接收到的组播组成员的加 入组播组请求， 通过组播路由协议从上层网络引入有成员加入的组播组对 应的组播流。
进一步的， 该备用查询器还包括： 发送单元， 用于在所述切换单元将 本查询器切换为主用查询器之后， 发送查询报文， 并向下层网络发送所述 组播流。 釆用本发明提供的用于实现网络故障时切换的方法及查询器， 备用查 询器和主用查询器之间通过运行单独的快速检测， 实现备用查询器快速发 现主用查询器或主用查询器下行链路故障并快速切换为主用查询器。 实现 组播业务的快速保护， 提升用户的业务体验。
进一步的， 本发明中备用查询器接收到加入、 离开组播组报文时， 主 动更新各组播组的成员状态， 当备用查询器切换为主用查询器时， 在发送 查询 ^艮文的同时立即将有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流发送到下层网络 中去。 完成组播流量的快速下发， 减少用户接收组播流的中断时间。
进一步的， 本发明中在备用查询器维护各组播组成员状态的同时， 从 上层网络中主动引入有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流， 将流量暂时终结 在本地， 当该备用查询器变成主用查询器之后， 立即将组播流发往下层网 络。 极大的缩短了查询器或其下行链路故障时的用户主机组播流中断时间， 可以达到使最终用户感知不到网络故障切换的效果。 附图说明
图 1示出现有技术的网络拓朴示意图；
图 2示出本发明实现网络故障时切换的方法的流程示意图；
图 3示出本发明备用查询器的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细阐述。
当前 IGMP协议在故障切换方面存在的问题有三： 一是主用查询器或 其下行链路故障时， 备用查询器切换为主用查询器周期长； 二是备用查询 器切换为主用查询器之后要等到主机回复查询消息才知道各个组播组的成 员状态； 三是备用查询器知道组播组成员状态之后还要重新从上层网络引 流。 以上三个问题会导致用户组播流量的长时间中断。 第一个问题产生的原因是主用查询器和备用查询器之间的状态切换依 赖于备用查询器对主用查询器发送的查询报文的等待超时机制， 而这个报 文的发送周期很长， 因为该报文同时还用于主用查询器向所有的组播组成 员主机的查询。 本发明釆用单独的主用查询器和备用查询器之间的快速检
( BFD , Bidirectional Forwarding Detection ) 或者以太网操作维护管理 ( Ethernet 0 AM , Ethernet Operations Administration and Maintenance )机制 等。 备用查询器和主用查询器之间通过运行单独的快速检测， 实现备用查 询器快速发现主用查询器或主用查询器下行链路故障并快速切换为主用查 询器的功能。
第二个问题产生的原因是备用查询器能够接收到用户的加入、 离开组 播组报文但并不处理， 即并不记录各组播组的查询状态。 本发明釆用的解 决方法是备用查询器接收到加入、 离开组播组报文时， 主动更新各组播组 的成员状态， 当备用查询器切换为主用查询器时， 在发送查询报文的同时 立即将有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流发送到下层网络中去。
第三个问题产生的原因与第二个问题相同， 都是因为备用查询器不维 护各组播组的成员状态。 本发明釆用的解决方法是， 在备用查询器维护各 组播组成员状态的同时， 从上层网络中主动引入有成员加入的组播组对应 的组播流， 可以利用 PIM、 IGMP等组播协议引入组播流， 并将组播流暂时 终结在本地， 当该备用查询器变成主用查询器之后， 立即将组播流发往下 层网络。
图 2示出本发明实现网络故障时切换的方法的流程示意图。请参阅图 2 , 一种实现网络故障时切换的方法， 包括：
步骤 201 ,备用查询器与主用查询器之间建立快速检测机制。检测机制 包括双向转发机制或者以太网操作维护管理机制。 步骤 202,备用查询器根据接收到的组播组成员的加入或离开组播组请 求， 更新各组播组成员的状态。 备用查询器利用现有的报文来维护各组播 组的成员状态， 没有增加下层网络中的协议报文。
步骤 203 ,备用查询器从上层网络引入有成员加入的组播组对应的组播 流， 并不将该组播流下发到下行网络。
步骤 204,备用查询器釆用检测机制对主用查询器和主用查询器的下行 链路进行实时检测。 具体的， 可以包括：
备用查询器通过双向转发会话状态实时检测主用查询器和其下行链路 是否故障；
或者， 备用查询器通过以太网操作维护管理状态实时检测主用查询器 和其下行链路是否故障。
步骤 205 , 当检测到主用查询器或其下行链路故障，备用查询器切换为 主用查询器。
步骤 206,在备用查询器发送查询报文的同时，向下层网络发送组播流。 在原主用查询器故障恢复之后， 暂不进行立即的查询器状态切换， 原 主用查询器通过相同的步骤主动维护各组播组的成员状态， 并从上层网络 中引入组播流。 在当前的主用查询器故障时， 再次利用快速检测机制发现 并实现切换。
本实施例不仅适用于上层网络是三层网络， 例如组播协议釆用 PIM协 议的场景； 同样适用于上层网络是二层网络的场景，在该场景中查询器（主 用查询器和备用查询器）可以同时使能 IGMP监听功能。
下面对本发明实现网络故障时切换的方法举几个应用的具体例子。 应用一、主用查询器和备用查询器之间通过 BFD协议来进行快速探测。 步骤 A1 , 在主用查询器和备用查询器之间建立 BFD会话， 备用查询 器通过 BFD会话状态来实时检测主用查询器及其下行链路是否正常； 步骤 Bl , 备用查询器根据接收到的各主机的加入、 离开组播组请求， 主动维护各组播组的成员状态；
步骤 C1 , 备用查询器从上层网络中主动引入有成员加入的组播组对应 的组播流， 将流量暂时终结在本地；
步骤 D1 , 主用查询器或其下行链路故障， 备用查询器通过 BFD检测 机制发现该故障；
步骤 E1 , 备用查询器主动切换为主用查询器， 在发送查询报文的同时 立即将有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流发送到下层网络中去。
应用二、 主用查询器和备用查询器之间通过 Ethernet OAM协议来进行 快速探测。
步骤 A2, 在主用查询器和备用查询器之间建立 Ethernet OAM维护实 体（ Maintenance Entity ),备用查询器通过 Ethernet OAM状态来实时检测主 用查询器及其下行链路是否正常；
步骤 B2, 备用查询器根据接收到的各主机的加入、 离开组播组请求， 主动维护各组播组的成员状态；
步骤 C2, 备用查询器从上层网络中主动引入有成员加入的组播组对应 的组播流， 将流量暂时终结在本地；
步骤 D2 , 主用查询器或其下行链路故障， 备用查询器通过 Ethernet OAM检测机制发现该故障；
步骤 E2, 备用查询器主动切换为主用查询器， 在发送查询报文的同时 立即将有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流发送到下层网络中去。
应用三、 网络中存在一个主用查询器和多个备用查询器， 主用查询器 和每个备用查询器之间通过 BFD协议来进行快速探测。
步骤 A3 , 在主用查询器和每个备用查询器之间建立 BFD会话， 备用 查询器通过 BFD会话状态来实时检测主用查询器及其下行链路是否正常； 步骤 B3 , 每个备用查询器根据接收到的各主机的加入、 离开组播组请 求， 主动维护各组播组的成员状态；
步骤 C3 , 每个备用查询器从上层网络中主动引入有成员加入的组播组 对应的组播流， 将流量暂时终结在本地；
步骤 D3 , 主用查询器或其下行链路故障， 备用查询器通过 BFD检测 机制发现该故障；
步骤 E3 , 每个备用查询器均主动切换为主用查询器， 再发送查询报文 重新进行查询器选举， 选举出的新的主用查询器立即将有成员加入的组播 组对应的组播流发送到下层网络中去。
应用四、 主用查询器和备用查询器之间通过 Ethernet OAM协议来进行 快速探测， 主用查询器 （或其下行链路）故障， 导致备用查询器切换为主 用查询器， 向下发生那个组播流。 当原组查询器 （或其下行链路）故障恢 复后， 当前的主用查询器暂不回切为备用查询器， 在当前组查询器 （或其 下行链路）发生故障时， 再次通过 Ethernet OAM机制来触发当前的为主用 查询器转换为主用查询器。
步骤 A4, 原主用查询器（或其下行链路）故障恢复， 原主用查询器和 当前的主用查询器之间的 Ethernet OAM维护实体状态恢复， 原主用查询器 暂时不回切为主用查询器， 而变为当前的备用查询器状态；
步骤 B4,原主用查询器根据接收到的各主机的加入、 离开组播组请求， 主动维护各组播组的成员状态；
步骤 C4 , 原主用查询器从上层网络中主动引入有成员加入的组播组对 应的组播流， 将流量暂时终结在本地；
步骤 D4 , 当前主用查询器或其下行链路故障， 原主用查询器通过 Ethernet OAM检测机制发现该故障；
步骤 E4, 原主用查询器主动回切为主用查询器， 在发送查询报文的同 时立即将有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流发送到下层网络中去。
图 3示出本发明备用查询器的结构示意图。请参阅图 3 , 该备用查询器 包括：
建立单元 301 , 用于与主用查询器之间建立快速检测机制；
检测单元 302,用于釆用建立单元建立的检测机制对主用查询器和主用 查询器的下行链路进行实时检测；
切换单元 303 , 用于在检测单元检测到主用查询器或其下行链路故障 时， 将本查询器切换为主用查询器。
进一步的， 该备用查询器还可以包括：
接收单元， 用于接收组播组成员的加入或离开组播组请求；
状态更新单元， 用于根据接收单元接收到的组播组成员的加入或离开 组播组请求， 更新各组播组成员的状态。
进一步的， 该备用查询器还可以包括：
组播路由处理单元， 用于根据接收单元接收到的组播组成员的加入组 播组请求， 通过组播路由协议从上层网络引入有成员加入的组播组对应的 组播流。
进一步的， 该备用查询器还可以包括：
发送单元， 用于当切换单元将本查询器切换为主用查询器之后， 发送 查询报文， 并向下层网络发送组播流。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式， 应当指出， 对于本技术领域的 普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下， 还可以做出若干改进 和润饰， 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种实现网络故障时切换的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括： 备用查询器与主用查询器之间建立快速检测机制；
所述备用查询器釆用所述检测机制对所述主用查询器和所述主用查询 器的下行链路进行实时检测；
在所述备用查询器检测到所述主用查询器或其下行链路故障时， 切换 为主用查询器。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述检测机制为： 双向 转发机制或者以太网操作维护管理机制。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述备用查询器釆用检 测机制对主用查询器和主用查询器的下行链路进行实时检测， 具体包括： 所述备用查询器通过双向转发会话状态实时检测所述主用查询器和其 下行链路是否故障；
或者， 所述备用查询器通过以太网操作维护管理状态实时检测所述主 用查询器和其下行链路是否故障。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括： 所述备用查询器根据接收到的组播组成员的加入或离开组播组请求， 更新各组播组成员的状态。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括： 所述备用查询器从上层网络引入有成员加入的组播组对应的组播流。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述备用查询器切换 为主用查询器之后， 该方法还包括：
所述备用查询器在发送查询报文的同时， 向下层网络发送所述组播流。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述上层网络为： 三层 网络或者二层网络。
8、 一种备用查询器， 其特征在于， 该查询器包括：
建立单元， 用于与主用查询器之间建立检测机制；
检测单元， 用于釆用所述建立单元建立的检测机制对所述主用查询器 和所述主用查询器的下行链路进行实时检测；
切换单元， 用于在所述检测单元检测到所述主用查询器或其下行链路 故障时， 将本查询器切换为主用查询器。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的查询器，其特征在于，该备用查询器还包括： 接收单元， 用于接收组播组成员的加入或离开组播组请求；
状态更新单元， 用于根据所述接收单元接收到的组播组成员的加入或 离开组播组请求， 更新各组播组成员的状态。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的查询器， 其特征在于， 该备用查询器还包 括：
组播路由处理单元， 用于根据所述接收单元接收到的组播组成员的加 入组播组请求， 通过组播路由协议从上层网络引入有成员加入的组播组对 应的组播流。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的查询器， 其特征在于， 该备用查询器还包 括：
发送单元， 用于在所述切换单元将本查询器切换为主用查询器之后， 发送查询报文， 并向下层网络发送所述组播流。
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