WO2010111956A1 - 一种组播转发路径收敛的方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种组播转发路径收敛的方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010111956A1
WO2010111956A1 PCT/CN2010/071477 CN2010071477W WO2010111956A1 WO 2010111956 A1 WO2010111956 A1 WO 2010111956A1 CN 2010071477 W CN2010071477 W CN 2010071477W WO 2010111956 A1 WO2010111956 A1 WO 2010111956A1
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message
multicast forwarding
multicast
report message
report
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PCT/CN2010/071477
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈洋
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2010111956A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010111956A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02Details
    • H04L12/16Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/185Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multicast technology, and in particular to a method and system for multicast forwarding path convergence. Background technique
  • Multicast technology is a point-to-multipoint transmission technology.
  • multicast In the field of network data transmission applications, multicast has efficient bandwidth utilization and the ability to transmit the same data to multiple receiving stations at one time.
  • multicast technology has been widely used in network-on-demand services such as video on demand, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), video conferencing, distance education, Internet radio, and online games. Due to the nature of multicast technology, it has a huge development prospect in the field of IP networks.
  • the Internet Group Management Protocol is a multicast protocol that runs at the network layer and has been developed in three versions: IGMPvl, IGMPv2, and IGMPv3.
  • IGMP runs between the host and the multicast router directly connected to the host.
  • the multicast router periodically sends all hosts to the local area network.
  • the device queries the packet and waits for the host to generate a report packet to learn which multicast group members are on the local area network.
  • the multicast router receives the leaving packet from the multicast group, the multicast router targets the multicast group. Generates a specified group query packet to determine whether there are other hosts on the local LAN as members of the multicast group.
  • a multicast forwarding table is established in the multicast router, which includes the ports of the multicast router and the members of the multicast group on the subnet corresponding to the port. After receiving a data packet from a multicast group, the multicast router sends data packets only to the port that has the multicast group member.
  • the Internet Group Management Listening Protocol (IGMP SNOOPING) runs on the link layer and it is based on IGMP, the implementation principle is as follows:
  • the switch monitors and analyzes the IGMP messages exchanged between the multicast router and the host, and maintains a Layer 2 forwarding table, that is, a multicast forwarding table.
  • the Layer 2 forwarding table stores multicast groups.
  • Correspondence between the switch and the switch port indicates which multicast groups are added to one port of the switch.
  • the switch forwards the received multicast data packets to the port that joins the multicast group based on the Layer 2 forwarding table. Multicast data packets are forwarded to implement Layer 2 multicast.
  • a proxy querier (Proxy Querier) is configured on the port of the upstream device connected to the downstream device to perform the querier function.
  • the upstream device periodically sends the device to the downstream device.
  • a general query message is used to obtain information about a host joining or leaving a multicast group.
  • an upstream device receives a Leave message, it generates a specified group query message, and queries whether there are other hosts in the connected subnet that need to receive the specified. Data packet of the multicast group.
  • On the downstream device set the Layer 2 port of the IGMP Query message, including the general query message and the specified group query message, as the Router Port.
  • the switch SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, and SW5 enable the IGMP SNOOPING function. If SW1 is the upstream device and SW2 is the downstream device, configure the proxy querier for port a connected to SW2 on SW1. Port b of SW1 becomes the routing port.
  • the convergence process of the Layer 2 multicast forwarding path in the prior art is as follows:
  • the topology of the loop changes at a certain time, the main link SW3 ⁇ SW5 is broken, and the multicast traffic cannot be forwarded from SW3 to SW5.
  • the user's multicast traffic reception will be interrupted, and the backup link SW4 ⁇ SW5 will be opened.
  • the next query cycle of the proxy querier on SW1 arrives.
  • the multicast forwarding path cannot be updated.
  • the proxy querier sends a general query to SW2.
  • the message is transmitted to SW5 along the path of SW2 ⁇ SW4.
  • SW5 After receiving the general query message, SW5 generates a report message and sends it to SW4.
  • SW4 updates itself.
  • SW2 also updates its Layer 2 multicast route.
  • the multicast forwarding path is updated in a hop-by-hop manner.
  • the multicast traffic does not automatically switch to the backup link, but waits for the query period of the proxy querier to arrive before the multicast forwarding path can be updated.
  • the query period of the proxy querier is usually very long. The default is 125 seconds (s). In this way, during the query period, the multicast forwarding path cannot be updated, and multicast traffic cannot be switched to the backup link. Multicast traffic does not work for a long time. As a result, the multicast forwarding path cannot be quickly converged, which reduces the stability and reliability of multicast traffic forwarding.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for multicast forwarding path convergence, which can solve the problem that the multicast forwarding path cannot be quickly converge, and improve the stability and reliability of multicast traffic forwarding.
  • the present invention provides a method for convergence of a multicast forwarding path, the method comprising:
  • the specified downstream device When the network topology changes, the specified downstream device generates a special leave message and sends it; the specified upstream device receives the special leave message, and generates a specified group query message according to the special leave message and sends the packet;
  • Each downstream device that receives the specified group query message generates a report message according to its own multicast forwarding table and sends the report message;
  • Each upstream device that receives the report message updates its own multicast forwarding table according to the report message.
  • the method further includes: presetting the designated upstream device and the designated downstream device according to the current network topology.
  • the group address field in the leaving message is set to 0, and the special leaving message is obtained.
  • the method further includes: setting, by the specified upstream device, a value of a query max response time field in the specified group query message;
  • the value of the query max response time field is equal to the number of multicast groups in the local area network divided by the rate at which the downstream device that receives the packet of the specified group query group sends the report message.
  • each of the downstream devices that receive the specified group query message generates the report message, which is: according to the time range indicated by the value of the query max response time field of the specified group query message, according to its own
  • the multicast forwarding table generates the report message and sends it.
  • the method further includes: the each downstream device forwarding the received specified group query message to the And the neighboring downstream device that receives the specified group query message, generates the report message according to the multicast forwarding table of the specified group, and sends the report message.
  • the method further includes: the each upstream device generating a report message according to the multicast forwarding table updated by itself; And sending to its neighboring upstream device; the adjacent upstream device updates its own multicast forwarding table according to the received report message.
  • all the upstream devices in the network topology update their own multicast forwarding table to complete the convergence of the multicast forwarding path.
  • the present invention further provides a system for converging a multicast forwarding path, the system comprising: a network topology detection module, configured to detect whether a network topology changes, and obtain a detection result; a first packet processing module, configured to The detection result is generated, and when the network topology changes, a special leaving message is generated and sent;
  • a second packet processing module configured to receive the special leave message, and generate a specified group query message according to the special leave message and send the message
  • a third packet processing module configured to receive the specified group query message, and generate a report message according to the multicast forwarding table and send the report message
  • the multicast forwarding table maintenance module is configured to receive the report message, and update the multicast forwarding table according to the report message.
  • the multicast path convergence method and system of the present invention expands the existing IGMP messages, such as IGMP query messages and leaving messages, by extending the IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol: Set the Group Address field of the leaving message to 0.
  • the special leave message is obtained, so that the specified group of all multicast groups in the local area network can be queried according to the 4 ⁇ text to determine a valid multicast group in the local area network, and the validity of the multicast forwarding table is ensured.
  • the query max response time field of the specified group query message is set according to the algorithm proposed by the present invention, which can ensure the fast convergence speed of the multicast forwarding path and ensure a lower packet loss rate.
  • the specified downstream device when the network topology changes, the specified downstream device generates a special leaving message in time, and sets the designated upstream device to process the special leaving message to generate a specified group query message, so that It avoids the communication burden caused by all network devices that detect network topology changes simultaneously sending special leave messages, or all network devices that receive special leave messages simultaneously send the specified group query messages, and also after the network topology changes.
  • the multicast forwarding path convergence operation is performed in a timely manner without waiting for the period of the general query message to arrive. It can be seen that the multicast forwarding path method of the present invention can quickly converge the multicast forwarding path and improve the stability and reliability of multicast traffic forwarding.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a loop network in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for converging a multicast forwarding path according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 1 of a typical topology of a loop network according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram 2 of a typical topology of a loop network according to the present invention.
  • 5 is a special leave message structure of an IGMPv2 version of the present invention
  • 6 is a special leave message structure of an IGMPv3 version of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system structure relationship of a multicast forwarding path convergence according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the multicast forwarding path convergence method of the present invention is applicable to a general multicast transmission network, and is particularly suitable for convergence of a loop-based Layer 2 multicast forwarding path.
  • the specified downstream device sends a special leave message to its routing port when the network topology changes.
  • the special leave message is obtained by extending the existing Leave message through the extended IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol.
  • the upstream device After receiving the special leave message, the upstream device generates a specified group query message and sends it.
  • the downstream device receives the specified group query message and sends it through its non-routing port.
  • the device in the network is from the source server.
  • the side-to-user side receives the specified group query message hop by hop, generates a report message, and then sends the report message through its routing port until the device on the network receives the report hop by hop from the user side to the source server side.
  • the packet is updated with its own multicast forwarding table according to the report packet, and the multicast forwarding path of the entire network is updated to achieve fast convergence of the multicast forwarding path.
  • the network device is divided into an upstream device and a downstream device, wherein the upstream device includes a designated upstream device and a non-designated upstream device; and the downstream device includes a designated downstream device and a non-designated downstream device.
  • the process includes:
  • Step 201 When the network topology changes, the designated downstream device immediately generates a special leaving message and sends the packet.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical loop network to which the present invention is applied.
  • the switches SW 1 , SW2 , SW3 , SW4 , and SW5 enable the IGMP SNOOPING function, and SW2, SW3, SW4, and SW5 form a loop, and SW3 ⁇ SW5 are the main chains. Road, SW4 ⁇ SW5 are backup links. In this way, group After the broadcast traffic is forwarded to the loop by SW1, it reaches the user along SW2 ⁇ SW3 ⁇ SW5, and SW1 ⁇ SW2 ⁇ SW3 ⁇ SW5 is the current multicast forwarding path.
  • a network device needs to be selected in advance to be configured as a designated downstream device or a designated upstream device.
  • the preferred configuration method is: selecting the network device with the shortest path between the loop and the source server as the designated downstream device;
  • An out-of-band network device is a designated upstream device on the shortest path between the downstream device and the source server.
  • the out-of-band network device directly connected to the specified downstream device is selected as the designated upstream device.
  • the designated upstream device is directly or indirectly connected to the designated downstream device.
  • the switch SW2 on the ring in Figure 3 can be configured as the designated downstream device, and the outer switch SW1 can be configured as the designated upstream device.
  • all network devices in the network topology may be non-designated upstream devices or non-designated downstream devices.
  • SW2 is a non-designated upstream device with respect to SW3;
  • SW3 is non-independent with SW2.
  • the downstream device is a non-designated upstream device with respect to SW5;
  • SW5 is a non-designated downstream device with respect to SW3.
  • the upstream device including the designated upstream device and the non-designated upstream device, is closer to the source server side;
  • the downstream device including the designated downstream device and the non-designated downstream device, is closer to the user side.
  • there are other ways to specify the configuration of the upstream device and the specified downstream device are other ways to specify the configuration of the upstream device and the specified downstream device.
  • the proxy querier is configured to specify the port connected to the downstream device on the upstream device. If the designated upstream device SW1 is connected to the designated downstream device SW2 through its port a, the proxy querier is configured for the port a of the SW1, where the proxy querier is used.
  • the general query message is generated periodically, which is a prior art and will not be described again.
  • the port that the downstream device receives the IGMP query message may be configured as a routing port, where the IGMP query message includes a general query message and a specified group query message.
  • SW2 receives the IGMP Query message sent by SW1 through port b, and can set port b of SW2 as its routing port.
  • ports a of SW1, ports c of SW2, and ports e of SW3 are non-routing ports.
  • the designated downstream device when the network topology changes, not only deletes the invalid multicast forwarding path, but also generates a special leaving packet and sends it to its neighboring upstream device through its own routing port.
  • the host sends a leave message to the multicast router directly connected to it to leave a specific multicast group. Therefore, the specified downstream device that sends the special leave message in the present invention has the special identity of the host.
  • all network devices that detect a change in the network topology will send a special leave message to their routing port, which will cause a burden on the network communication. Therefore, the present invention is directed to IGMP SNOOPING.
  • the standard protocol is extended. By adding the command line configuration mode, you can set the specified downstream device to generate special leave messages. Other network devices only need to delete the invalid multicast forwarding path.
  • the switch SW2 that is, the designated downstream device immediately generates a special leave message and passes its own routing port. It is sent to its neighboring upstream device, for example, SW2 sends a special leave message to the designated upstream device SW1 through its route port b.
  • the Group Address field in the special leave message is set to 0, and the Group Address field indicates a multicast address. When the multicast address is a valid address, it is used to identify a multicast group.
  • the existing IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol stipulates that the Group Address field cannot be 0, but the present invention extends the IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol by setting the Group Address field by increasing the command line configuration. If it is 0, the multicast group to which the specified downstream device is to leave is: All multicast groups in the local area network.
  • the version of the special leaving message depends on the current network device, such as the switch.
  • IGMPv2 version of the IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol: IGMPv2, IGMPv3, etc. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the current version of the IGMP SNOOPING protocol. If other new versions appear in the actual application, the present invention is also applicable to the new version.
  • the present invention extends it to obtain a special leave message as shown in FIG. 5, and sets the Group Address field in the message to 0.
  • the IGMPv3 version of the Leave message the present invention The extension is performed to obtain a special leave message as shown in FIG. 6, and the Group Address field in the message is set to 0.
  • Step 202 The specified upstream device receives the special leave message, generates a specified group query according to the special leave message, and sends the message.
  • the specified downstream device sends the special leave message to its neighboring upstream device through its routing port. If the upstream device that receives the special leave message is a non-designated upstream device, the special leave message is directly passed through its route port. If the upstream device that receives the special leave message is the designated upstream device, the special leave message is processed to generate the specified group query message, and the special leave message is not forwarded; When receiving the leave message of the host, the multicast router responds to the host with a specified group query message. Therefore, the specified upstream device that generates the specified group query message has the special identity of the multicast router. It should be noted that the present invention extends the IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol. By adding a command line configuration, the specified upstream device can process the special leave message, and the other non-designated upstream devices only forward the special leave message. , no treatment.
  • the specified upstream device sends a specified group query message according to the special leave message of the present invention, which is specifically:
  • the group address field of the special leave message of the present invention is 0, indicating that the designated downstream device that generates the special leave message is to leave.
  • the multicast group is: All groups in the local LAN After the multicast group receives the special leave message, it traverses its own multicast forwarding table, confirms all multicast groups in the local area network, and generates a specified group query message for each multicast group. Multiple specified group query messages can be generated. Then, the specified upstream device sends multiple specified group query packets to the port that receives the special leave message, and sends the packet to its neighboring downstream device through the port.
  • the upstream device SW1 after receiving the special leave message sent by the specified downstream device SW2, the upstream device SW1 generates a specified group query message according to the special leave message, and then sends a specified group query message through port a. Send to the designated downstream device SW2.
  • the version of the specified group query message depends on the current network device, such as the version of the IGMP SNOOPING protocol used by the switch: IGMPv2, IGMPv3, and so on. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the current IGMP SNOOPING protocol version, and if other new versions appear in the actual application, the present invention is also applicable to the new version.
  • the value of the query max response time field in the specified group query can be set.
  • the query max response time field is the maximum generation time.
  • the network device that receives the specified group query message generates a report message within the maximum generation time. The default value is 10s.
  • the maximum generation time also indicates the longest convergence time of the multicast forwarding path.
  • the multicast forwarding path convergence time in the present invention can be up to 10 s.
  • the present invention extends the IGMP SNOOPING standard protocol, and modifies the field by adding a command line configuration, and sets the value of the field according to actual needs. When setting the value of this field, there are two extreme cases. One is to set the value of this field to be very small, such as close to 0s. If there are more downstream devices at this time, the report messages that need to be sent are compared. In this way, sending more report messages in a centralized manner may cause packet loss.
  • the setting of the query max response time field should be determined according to the actual situation of the network. If you need to achieve faster convergence speed, you need to accept The risk of losing the package; if you want to avoid the risk of packet loss, you need to slow down the convergence speed.
  • the specific implementation of generating a report message by the downstream device according to the specified group query message will be described in the following steps.
  • the present invention proposes a method for calculating the value of the query max response time field:
  • QMRT Number of multicast groups in the local area network/device packet transmission rate.
  • the QMRT indicates the value of the query max response time field.
  • the device transmission rate indicates the rate at which the downstream device that receives the specified group query message sends the report message and the number of report messages sent per second.
  • Step 203 Receive each of the downstream devices of the specified group query message, and generate a report message according to the multicast forwarding report, and send the report message through the non-routing port.
  • the downstream device After receiving the specified group query packet, the downstream device traverses its own multicast forwarding table to check whether the local LAN is in the local area network.
  • the upstream device sends the specified group query packet to its neighboring downstream device. Contains the multicast group indicated by the specified group query message. If it contains, it generates a report message for the multicast group and sends it to its neighboring upstream device through its routing port. If the local LAN does not contain the specified group. If the multicast group indicated by the packet is queried, no report packet is generated. At this point, the downstream device has the special identity of the host.
  • the downstream device needs to forward the specified group query message to its neighboring downstream devices through its non-routing port.
  • the network device from the source server side to the user side receives the specified group query message hop by hop, that is, all the downstream devices receive the specified group query message, and generate a report message according to the multicast forwarding table of the device. Send out through its own routing port.
  • SW2 after receiving the specified group query message, SW2 generates a report message according to its own multicast forwarding table. Meanwhile, SW2 passes its non-routing port, such as port f connected to SW4. The group query is forwarded to SW4; SW4 forwards the specified group query to SW5.
  • each upstream device that receives the report packet updates its own multicast forwarding table; until all the upstream devices complete the update of the multicast forwarding table.
  • the report message is used by the host to indicate the multicast group information to be added to the multicast router. Therefore, after receiving the report message, the upstream device updates its multicast forwarding table according to the report message. , No longer. At this point, the upstream device has the special identity of the multicast router.
  • the upstream device needs to update its multicast forwarding table and associate the multicast group D with port 1.
  • the upstream device needs to generate a report packet for the multicast group D and send it to the adjacent upstream device through its own routing port.
  • the current upstream device informs its neighboring upstream device that it needs to join multicast group 0 through the report message.
  • the upstream device receives the report message sent by its neighboring downstream device hop by hop until all the upstream devices complete the update of the multicast forwarding table, so that multicast can be implemented. Convergence of the forwarding path.
  • SW1 receives the report message sent by SW2 through its routing port b, and updates its own multicast forwarding table.
  • SW2 receives the report message sent by SW4 through its routing port g, and updates its own multicast forwarding table.
  • SW4 receives the report message sent by SW5 through its routing port h, and updates its own multicast forwarding table.
  • the present invention provides a system for converging a multicast forwarding path.
  • the system includes: a network topology detecting module 10, a first packet processing module 20, a second packet processing module 30, a third packet processing module 40, and a multicast forwarding table maintenance module 50, where The network topology detecting module 10 is configured to detect whether a network topology changes, and obtain a detection result;
  • the first packet processing module 20 is configured to generate a special leaving message and send the network topology when the network topology changes according to the detection result of the network topology detecting module 10;
  • the second packet processing module 30 is configured to receive a special leaving message, and generate a specified group query message according to the special leaving message and send the packet;
  • the third packet processing module 40 is configured to receive the specified group query message, and generate a report message according to the multicast forwarding table and send the report message;
  • the multicast forwarding table maintenance module 50 is configured to receive the report message, and update the multicast forwarding table according to the report message.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种组播转发路径收敛的方法,包括:网络拓扑发生变化时,指定下游设备立即生成特殊离开报文并发送;指定上游设备接收特殊离开报文,并依据特殊离开报文生成指定组查询报文并发送;接收到指定组查询报文的各个下游设备,依据自身的组播转发表生成报告报文并发送;接收到报告报文的各个上游设备,依据报告报文更新自身的组播转发表;本发明还公开了一种组播转发路径收敛的系统,基于该方法和系统,可以使组播转发路径快速收敛。

Description

一种组播转发路径收敛的方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及组播技术, 特别是指一种组播转发路径收敛的方法和系统。 背景技术
组播技术是一种实现点到多点的传输技术, 在网络数据传送应用领域 中, 组播具有高效的带宽利用能力, 以及一次向多个接收站点传送相同数 据的能力。目前,组播技术已广泛应用于视频点播、网络电视( IPTV, Internet Protocol Television )、 视频会议、 远程教育、 网络电台、 网络游戏等网络增 值业务。 由于组播技术本身的特性, 使其在 IP网络领域有着巨大的发展前 景。
互联网组管理协议 ( IGMP, Internet Group Management Protocol )是一 种组播协议, 运行在网络层, 目前已经发展了三个版本: IGMPvl、 IGMPv2 和 IGMPv3。 IGMP运行于主机和与主机直接相连的组播路由器之间, 当主 机需要加入某个特定组播组时, 向组播路由器发送一个报告报文; 组播路 由器周期性地向本地局域网所有主机发送一般查询报文, 并等待主机生成 报告报文, 以此了解本地局域网上有哪些组播组成员; 当组播路由器收到 主机退出某个组播组的离开报文时, 针对该组播组生成指定组查询报文, 以确定本地局域网上是否还有其他主机为该组播组的成员。
通过上述 IGMP机制, 在组播路由器里建立起一个组播转发表, 其中 包含组播路由器的各个端口以及在端口对应的子网上都有哪些组播组的成 员。 当组播路由器接收到某个组播组的数据报文后, 只向有该组播组成员 的端口发送数据报文。
互联网组管理侦听协议(IGMP SNOOPING )运行在链路层, 它基于 IGMP, 其实现原理为: 交换机通过侦听和分析组播路由器和主机之间交互 的 IGMP报文, 维护一个二层转发表、 即组播转发表, 该二层转发表中保 存了组播组和交换机端口的对应关系, 表示交换机的一个端口加入了哪些 组播组; 交换机根据二层转发表将收到的组播数据报文, 只转发给加入该 组播组的端口, 从而管理和控制组播数据报文的转发, 实现二层组播。
目前, 使用 IGMP SNOOPING的二层组播网络中, 通常在与下游设备 连接的上游设备的端口上配置代理查询器(Proxy Querier ), 执行查询器功 能, 如: 上游设备周期性地向下游设备发送一般查询报文来获取主机加入 或是离开组播组的信息; 当上游设备收到离开报文时, 要生成指定组查询 报文, 查询与其连接的子网中是否还存在其它主机需要接收指定组播组的 数据报文。 在下游设备上, 将收到 IGMP查询报文、 包括一般查询报文和 指定组查询报文的二层端口设置成路由端口 ( Router Port )。
如图 1 所示, 交换机 SW1、 SW2、 SW3、 SW4 和 SW5 启用 IGMP SNOOPING功能, 假设 SW1为上游设备, SW2为下游设备, 则为 SW1上 连接 SW2的端口 a配置代理查询器, 这样 SW2上连接 SW1的端口 b就成 为路由端口。
结合图 1 , 现有技术中二层组播转发路径收敛过程为: 某一时刻环路的 拓朴结构发生变化, 主链路 SW3→SW5 断掉, 组播流量就无法再从 SW3 转发到 SW5, 用户的组播流量接收将中断, 此时备份链路 SW4→SW5会被 打开。 从环路拓朴发生变化开始, 到 SW1上的代理查询器的下一次查询周 期到达, 这段时间内, 组播转发路径一直不能更新, 当查询周期到达时, 代理查询器向 SW2发送一般查询报文,该一般查询报文会沿着 SW2→SW4 的路径透传到 SW5; SW5收到一般查询报文后, 生成报告报文, 并发送给 SW4, SW4收到报告报文后, 更新自身的二层组播路由, 并向 SW2发送该 报告报文, SW2收到报告报文后, 也更新自身的二层组播路由, 最终二层 组播转发路径通过逐跳的方式得到更新, 组播流量重新沿着
SW1→SW2→SW4→SW5的路径转发到达用户。
由此可见, 当网络拓朴变化时, 组播流量并不会自动切换到备份链路, 而是等待代理查询器的查询周期到达, 才能进行组播转发路径的更新。 但 是, 通常代理查询器的查询周期会很长, 缺省是 125秒(s ) , 如此, 在查询 周期内, 组播转发路径不能更新, 组播流量就不能切换到备份链路上, 会 导致组播流量长时间不通。 这样, 就造成组播转发路径不能快速收敛的问 题, 从而降低了组播流量转发的稳定性和可靠性。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种组播转发路径收敛的方法 和系统, 以解决组播转发路径不能快速收敛的问题, 提高组播流量转发的 稳定性和可靠性。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明提供了一种组播转发路径收敛的方法, 该方法包括:
网络拓朴发生变化时, 指定下游设备生成特殊离开报文并发送; 指定上游设备接收所述特殊离开报文, 并依据所述特殊离开报文生成 指定组查询报文并发送;
接收到所述指定组查询报文的各个下游设备, 依据自身的组播转发表 生成报告报文并发送;
接收到所述报告报文的各个上游设备, 依据所述报告报文更新自身的 组播转发表。
该方法还包括: 根据当前网络拓朴预先设定指定上游设备和指定下游 设备。
进一步地, 所述特殊离开报文的生成为: 展, 将所述离开报文中的 Group Address字段设置为 0, 得到所述特殊离开 报文。
该方法还包括: 所述指定上游设备设置所述指定组查询报文中的 query max response time字段的值;
所述 query max response time字段的值等于本地局域网内组播组个数除 以所述接收到指定组查询组报文的下游设备发送报告报文的速率。
进一步地, 所述接收到指定组查询报文的各个下游设备生成所述报告 报文, 具体为: 在所述指定组查询报文的 query max response time字段值表 示的时间范围内, 依据自身的组播转发表生成所述报告报文, 并发送。
进一步地, 在所述接收到指定组查询报文的各个下游设备生成报告报 文并发送时, 该方法还包括: 所述各个下游设备, 将所述接收到的指定组 查询报文转发给其相邻的下游设备; 接收到所述指定组查询报文的所述相 邻的下游设备, 依据自身的组播转发表生成所述报告报文, 并发送。
进一步地, 所述接收到报告报文的各个上游设备, 在更新自身的组播 转发表时, 该方法还包括: 所述各个上游设备, 依据自身更新的组播转发 表, 生成报告报文, 并发送给其相邻的上游设备; 所述相邻的上游设备依 据接收到的所述报告报文更新自身的组播转发表。
进一步地, 所述网络拓朴中的所有上游设备对自身的组播转发表进行 更新, 完成组播转发路径的收敛。
本发明还提供了一种组播转发路径收敛的系统, 该系统包括: 网络拓朴检测模块, 用于检测网络拓朴是否发生变化, 得到检测结果; 第一报文处理模块, 用于依据所述检测结果, 在网络拓朴发生变化时, 生成特殊离开报文并发送;
第二报文处理模块, 用于接收所述特殊离开报文, 并依据所述特殊离 开报文生成指定组查询报文并发送; 第三报文处理模块, 用于接收所述指定组查询报文, 并依据组播转发 表生成报告报文并发送;
组播转发表维护模块, 用于接收所述报告报文, 并依据所述报告报文 更新组播转发表。
本发明的组播路径收敛方法和系统, 通过扩展 IGMP SNOOPING标准 协议, 对现有的 IGMP报文, 如 IGMP查询报文、 离开报文等进行扩展: 将离开报文的 Group Address字段设置为 0, 得到特殊离开报文, 如此, 可 以依据该 4艮文生成本地局域网内所有组播组的指定组查询 4艮文, 以确定本 地局域网内有效的组播组, 保证组播转发表的有效性; 将指定组查询报文 的 query max response time字段按照本发明提出的算法进行设置, 既可以保 证较快的组播转发路径收敛速度, 还可以保证较低的报文丟包率。
另外, 本发明在网络拓朴发生变化时, 设定指定下游设备及时地生成 特殊离开报文, 并设定指定上游设备对该特殊离开报文进行处理, 生成指 定组查询报文, 如此, 即避免了所有检测到网络拓朴变化的网络设备同时 发送特殊离开报文, 或者所有收到特殊离开报文的网络设备同时发送指定 组查询报文造成的通信负担, 也在网络拓朴发生变化后及时地进行组播转 发路径收敛的操作, 而不必等待一般查询报文的周期到来。 由此可见, 本 发明的组播转发路径方法可以使组播转发路径快速地收敛, 同时也提高了 组播流量转发的稳定性和可靠性。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中一种环路网络拓朴结构示意图;
图 2为本发明组播转发路径收敛的方法流程图;
图 3为本发明典型适用的环路网络拓朴结构示意图一;
图 4为本发明典型适用的环路网络拓朴结构示意图二;
图 5为本发明一种 IGMPv2版本的特殊离开报文结构; 图 6为本发明一种 IGMPv3版本的特殊离开报文结构;
图 7为本发明组播转发路径收敛的系统结构关系示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进一步详细阐述。 本发明的组播转发路径收敛方法适用于一般的组播传输网络, 特别适 用于基于环路的二层组播转发路径的收敛。 通过扩展 IGMP SNOOPING标 准协议, 当网络拓朴发生变化时, 指定下游设备向其路由端口发送特殊离 开报文, 该特殊离开报文是将现有的离开报文通过扩展 IGMP SNOOPING 标准协议得到的; 指定上游设备收到该特殊离开报文后, 生成指定组查询 报文并发送; 下游设备将接收到的指定组查询报文, 通过其非路由端口进 行发送, 如此, 网络中的设备从源服务器侧到用户侧逐跳地收到指定组查 询报文, 生成报告报文, 再将报告报文通过其路由端口进行发送, 直到网 络中的设备从用户侧到源服务器侧逐跳地收到报告报文, 并依据报告报文 更新自身的组播转发表, 完成全网的组播转发路径更新, 以达到组播转发 路径快速收敛的目的。
本发明中, 将网络设备分为上游设备和下游设备, 其中上游设备包括 指定上游设备和非指定上游设备; 下游设备包括指定下游设备和非指定下 游设备。
下面以基于环路的二层组播转发路径的收敛为例, 来说明本发明的组 播转发路径收敛的方法流程, 如图 2所示, 该流程包括:
步骤 201 , 网络拓朴发生变化时, 指定下游设备立即生成特殊离开报文 并发送。
图 3所示为本发明适用的典型环路网络示意图,其中交换机 S W 1、 SW2、 SW3、 SW4和 SW5启用 IGMP SNOOPING功能, SW2、 SW3、 SW4和 SW5 构成一个环路, SW3→SW5为主链路、 SW4→SW5为备份链路。 这样, 组 播流量由 SW1 转发进入环路后, 沿着 SW2 →SW3→SW5 到达用户, 则 SW1→SW2→SW3→SW5为当前组播转发路径。
本发明中, 需要预先选择某一个网络设备将其配置为指定下游设备或 指定上游设备, 较佳的配置方法为: 选择环路上与源服务器之间路径最短 的网络设备为指定下游设备; 在指定下游设备与源服务器之间最短的路径 上任选一个环外网络设备为指定上游设备, 较佳地, 可以选择在该最短路 径上且与指定下游设备直接相连的环外网络设备为指定上游设备。 由此可 见, 指定上游设备和指定下游设备直接或者间接相连。 依据上述的方法, 可以将图 3 中环上交换机 SW2配置为指定下游设备, 将环外交换机 SW1 配置为指定上游设备。
另外, 网络拓朴中的所有网络设备可以是非指定上游设备, 或者是非 指定下游设备, 如图 3所示, SW2相对于 SW3而言, 为非指定上游设备; SW3相对于 SW2而言, 为非指定下游设备; SW3相对于 SW5而言, 为非 指定上游设备; SW5相对于 SW3而言, 为非指定下游设备。 由此可见, 上 游设备, 包括指定上游设备和非指定上游设备, 更靠近源服务器侧; 下游 设备, 包括指定下游设备和非指定下游设备, 更靠近用户侧。 当然, 根据 实际需要, 指定上游设备和指定下游设备的配置也可以有其他的方法。
较佳地, 为指定上游设备上连接下游设备的端口配置代理查询器, 如 指定上游设备 SW1通过其端口 a与指定下游设备 SW2相连, 则为 SW1的 端口 a配置代理查询器, 其中代理查询器用于周期性地生成一般查询报文, 此处为现有技术, 不再赘述。
另夕卜, 还可以将下游设备接收 IGMP查询 ^艮文的端口设置为路由端口, 其中, IGMP查询报文包括一般查询报文和指定组查询报文。如图 3中, SW2 通过端口 b接收 SW1发送的 IGMP查询报文, 则可以将 SW2的端口 b设 置为其路由端口; 对于 SW2而言, 将非指定下游设备 SW3的端口 d设置 为其路由端口。 则图 3中如 SW1的端口 a、 SW2的端口 c和 f、 SW3的端 口 e为非路由端口。
当网络拓朴发生变化时, 检测到网络拓朴发生变化的所有网络设备需 要删除无效的组播转发路径。 如图 4所示, 当环路上主链路 SW3→SW5发 生故障时, 该段路径就成为无效的转发路径, 因此交换机 SW1、 SW2、 SW3、 SW4和 SW5需要删除自身存储的该段转发路径的相关信息, 同时 恢复备份链路 SW4→SW5。 此处为现有技术, 不再赘述。
需要指出的是, 网络拓朴发生变化时, 指定下游设备不仅要删除无效 的组播转发路径, 同时还要生成一个特殊离开报文, 并通过自身的路由端 口发送给其相邻的上游设备。 由于在网络层, 主机通过发送离开报文告知 与其直接相连的组播路由器, 要离开某个特定的组播组, 因此, 本发明中 发送特殊离开报文的指定下游设备具有主机的特殊身份。 现有技术中, 当 网络拓朴发生变化时, 检测到网络拓朴发生变化的所有的网络设备都会向 其路由端口发送特殊离开报文, 这样会造成网络通信的负担, 因此本发明 对 IGMP SNOOPING标准协议进行扩展, 通过增加命令行配置的方式, 设 定指定下游设备才可以生成特殊离开报文, 其他网络设备只需要删除自身 无效的组播转发路径即可。
如图 4所示, 当环路拓朴发生变化时,如主链路 SW3→SW5发生故障, 此时, 只有交换机 SW2、 即指定下游设备立即生成一个特殊离开报文, 并 通过自身的路由端口发送给其相邻的上游设备, 如 SW2通过其路由端口 b 将特殊离开报文发送给指定上游设备 SW1。 本发明中, 将该特殊离开报文 中的 Group Address字段设置为 0,该 Group Address字段表示组播地址, 当 组播地址为一个有效地址时,用于标识一个组播组。现有 IGMP SNOOPING 标准协议规定 Group Address字段不能为 0,但是本发明对 IGMP SNOOPING 标准协议进行扩展, 通过增加命令行配置的方式将 Group Address字段设置 为 0, 即表示该指定下游设备要离开的组播组为: 本地局域网内的所有组播 组。
另外, 特殊离开报文的版本取决于当前网络设备, 如交换机使用的
IGMP SNOOPING标准协议的版本: IGMPv2、 IGMPv3等。 需要指出的是, 本发明并不仅限于目前的 IGMP SNOOPING协议版本, 如果实际应用中出 现了其他新的版本, 那么本发明对于新的版本也是适用的。 对于 IGMPv2 版本的离开报文, 本发明对其进行扩展, 得到特殊离开报文如图 5 所示, 将报文中的 Group Address字段设置为 0; 对于 IGMPv3版本的离开报文, 本发明对其进行扩展, 得到特殊离开报文如图 6所示, 将报文中的 Group Address字段设置为 0。
步骤 202, 指定上游设备接收特殊离开报文,依据特殊离开报文生成指 定组查询 ^文并发送。
指定下游设备将特殊离开报文通过其路由端口发送给其相邻的上游设 备, 如果接收到该特殊离开报文的上游设备为非指定上游设备, 则直接将 该特殊离开报文通过其路由端口进行转发; 如果接收到该特殊离开报文的 上游设备为指定上游设备, 则对该特殊离开报文进行处理, 生成指定组查 询报文, 不再转发该特殊离开报文; 由于在网络层, 组播路由器接收到主 机的离开报文时, 会向主机响应一个指定组查询报文, 因此, 本发明中生 成指定组查询报文的指定上游设备具有组播路由器的特殊身份。 需要指出 的是, 本发明对 IGMP SNOOPING标准协议进行扩展, 通过增加命令行配 置的方式, 设定指定上游设备才能对特殊离开报文进行处理, 其他非指定 上游设备只对特殊离开报文进行转发, 不作处理。
指定上游设备依据本发明的特殊离开报文, 生成指定组查询报文, 具 体为: 由于本发明的特殊离开报文的 Group Address字段为 0, 表示生成该 特殊离开报文的指定下游设备要离开的组播组为: 本地局域网内的所有组 播组, 则指定上游设备接收到该特殊离开报文后, 遍历自身的组播转发表, 确认本地局域网内的所有组播组, 并针对每一个组播组生成一个指定组查 询报文, 如此可以生成多个指定组查询报文。 然后, 指定上游设备将多个 指定组查询报文发送到自身接收特殊离开报文的端口上, 通过该端口发送 给其相邻的下游设备。
如图 4所示,指定上游设备 SW1通过其端口 a接收到指定下游设备 SW2 发送的特殊离开报文后, 依据特殊离开报文生成指定组查询报文, 再通过 端口 a将指定组查询报文发送给指定下游设备 SW2。
其中, 指定组查询报文的版本取决于当前网络设备, 如交换机使用的 IGMP SNOOPING协议的版本: IGMPv2、 IGMPv3等。 需要指出的是, 本 发明并不仅限于目前的 IGMP SNOOPING协议版本, 如果实际应用中出现 了其他新的版本, 那么本发明对于新的版本也是适用的。 本发明中可以对 指定组查询才艮文中的 query max response time字段值进行设置。 query max response time字段为最大生成时间,表示收到指定组查询报文的网络设备要 在该最大生成时间内生成报告报文, 该字段缺省为 10s。 由于网络设备依据 接收到的报告报文来更新自身的组播转发路径, 所以最大生成时间也表示 了组播转发路径的最长收敛时间。 按照 query max response time字段的缺省 值, 则本发明中的组播转发路径收敛时间最长可达 10s。 本发明对 IGMP SNOOPING标准协议进行扩展, 通过增加命令行配置的方式对该字段进行 修改, 依据实际需要来设置该字段的值。 在设置该字段的值时, 有两种比 较极端的情况, 一是将该字段的值设置的非常小, 如接近于 0s, 如果此时 下游设备较多时, 则需要发送的报告报文就比较多, 这样集中地将比较多 的报告报文发送出去, 可能会引起丟包; 一是将该字段的值设置的比较大, 则会影响组播转发路径的收敛速度。 所以 query max response time字段的设 置应该根据网络实际情况而定, 如果需要获得较快的收敛速度, 则需要承 担丟包的风险; 如要避免丟包风险, 则需减緩收敛速度。 其中, 关于下游 设备依据指定组查询报文, 生成报告报文的具体实现将在下面的步骤中进 行说明。
鉴于上述的情况, 在实际应用中要选取合适的 query max response time 字段的值时, 需要考虑到丟包率和收敛速度两个方面的因素。 因此, 本发 明提出了一种 query max response time字段取值的计算方法:
QMRT=本地局域网内组播组个数 /设备报文发送速率。
其中, QMRT表示 query max response time字段的值; 设备才艮文发送速 率表示接收到指定组查询报文的下游设备发送报告报文的速率、 为每秒发 送报告报文个数的估值。
步骤 203 , 接收到指定组查询报文的各个下游设备, 依据自身的组播转 发表生成报告报文并发送; 同时将指定组查询报文通过其非路由端口进行 转发。
指定上游设备通过接收特殊离开报文的端口将指定组查询报文发送给 其相邻的下游设备, 下游设备接收到指定组查询报文后, 遍历自身的组播 转发表, 确认本地局域网内是否包含指定组查询报文所指示的组播组, 如 果包含, 则针对该组播组生成一个报告报文, 并通过其路由端口发送给其 相邻的上游设备; 如果本地局域网内不包含指定组查询报文所指示的组播 组, 则不生成报告报文。 此时, 该下游设备具有主机的特殊身份。
另外, 下游设备还需要将指定组查询报文通过其非路由端口向其相邻 的下游设备进行转发。 如此, 从源服务器侧到用户侧的网络设备逐跳地接 收到指定组查询报文, 即所有的下游设备都接收到指定组查询报文, 并根 据自身的组播转发表生成报告报文, 通过自身的路由端口发送出去。
如图 4所示, SW2接收到指定组查询报文后依据自身的组播转发表, 生 成报告报文; 同时, SW2通过其非路由端口、 如与 SW4连接的端口 f, 将指 定组查询 ^艮文转发给 SW4; SW4再将指定组查询 ^艮文转发给 SW5。
步骤 204, 接收到报告报文的各个上游设备, 更新自身的组播转发表; 直到所有的上游设备都完成自身组播转发表的更新。
由于报告报文用于主机向组播路由器表示其要加入的组播组信息, 因 此上游设备收到报告报文后, 依据该报告报文更新自身的组播转发表, 此 处为现有技术, 不再赘述。 此时该上游设备具有组播路由器的特殊身份。
如果当前上游设备的组播转发表内容发生了变化, 如当前上游设备的 端口 1在其组播转发表中对应的组播组为: A、 B、 C; 但是上游设备通过其 端口 1接收到了一个要加入组播组 D的报告报文, 则该上游设备需要更新自 身的组播转发表, 将组播组 D与端口 1对应。 同时, 该上游设备需要针对组 播组 D生成一个报告报文, 并通过自身的路由端口发送给相邻的上游设备。 当前上游设备通过该报告报文, 向自身相邻的上游设备告知需要加入组播 组0。 如此, 从用户侧到源服务器侧, 上游设备逐跳地接收到其相邻的下游 设备发送的报告报文, 直到所有的上游设备都完成自身组播转发表的更新, 如此就可以实现组播转发路径的收敛。
如图 4所示, SW1接收 SW2通过其路由端口 b发送的报告报文, 更新自 身的组播转发表; SW2接收 SW4通过其路由端口 g发送的报告报文, 更新自 身的组播转发表; SW4接收 SW5通过其路由端口 h发送的报告报文, 更新自 身的组播转发表, 如此完成组播转发路径的收敛, 则收敛后的组播转发路 径为: SW1→SW2→SW4→SW5。
为了实现上述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 本发明提供了一种组播转发 路径收敛的系统, 如图 7所示, 该系统包括: 网络拓朴检测模块 10、 第一 报文处理模块 20、 第二报文处理模块 30、 第三报文处理模块 40和组播转 发表维护模块 50, 其中, 网络拓朴检测模块 10, 用于检测网络拓朴是否发生变化, 得到检测结 果;
第一报文处理模块 20, 用于依据网络拓朴检测模块 10的检测结果, 在 网络拓朴发生变化时, 生成特殊离开报文并发送;
第二报文处理模块 30, 用于接收特殊离开报文, 并依据特殊离开报文 生成指定组查询报文并发送;
第三报文处理模块 40, 用于接收指定组查询报文, 并依据组播转发表 生成报告报文并发送;
组播转发表维护模块 50, 用于接收报告报文, 并依据报告报文更新组 播转发表。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括: 网络拓朴发生变化时, 指定下游设备生成特殊离开报文并发送; 指定上游设备接收所述特殊离开报文, 并依据所述特殊离开报文生成 指定组查询报文并发送;
接收到所述指定组查询报文的各个下游设备, 依据自身的组播转发表 生成报告报文并发送;
接收到所述报告报文的各个上游设备, 依据所述报告报文更新自身的 组播转发表。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 该方 法还包括: 根据当前网络拓朴预先设定指定上游设备和指定下游设备。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 特殊离开报文的生成为: 展, 将所述离开报文中的 Group Address字段设置为 0, 得到所述特殊离开 报文。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 该方 法还包括: 所述指定上游设备设置所述指定组查询报文中的 query max response time字段的值;
所述 query max response time字段的值等于本地局域网内组播组个数除 以所述接收到指定组查询组报文的下游设备发送报告报文的速率。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 接收到指定组查询报文的各个下游设备生成所述报告报文, 具体为: 在所 述指定组查询 4艮文的 query max response time字段值表示的时间范围内, 依 据自身的组播转发表生成所述报告报文, 并发送。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 在所 述接收到指定组查询报文的各个下游设备生成报告报文并发送时, 该方法 还包括: 所述各个下游设备, 将所述接收到的指定组查询报文转发给其相 邻的下游设备; 接收到所述指定组查询报文的所述相邻的下游设备, 依据 自身的组播转发表生成所述报告报文, 并发送。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 接收到报告报文的各个上游设备, 在更新自身的组播转发表时, 该方法还 包括: 所述各个上游设备, 依据自身更新的组播转发表, 生成报告报文, 并发送给其相邻的上游设备; 所述相邻的上游设备依据接收到的所述报告 报文更新自身的组播转发表。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述组播转发路径收敛的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 网络拓朴中的所有上游设备对自身的组播转发表进行更新, 完成组播转发 路径的收敛。
9、 一种组播转发路径收敛的系统, 其特征在于, 该系统包括: 网络拓朴检测模块, 用于检测网络拓朴是否发生变化, 得到检测结果; 第一报文处理模块, 用于依据所述检测结果, 在网络拓朴发生变化时, 生成特殊离开报文并发送;
第二报文处理模块, 用于接收所述特殊离开报文, 并依据所述特殊离 开报文生成指定组查询报文并发送;
第三报文处理模块, 用于接收所述指定组查询报文, 并依据组播转发 表生成报告报文并发送;
组播转发表维护模块, 用于接收所述报告报文, 并依据所述报告报文 更新组播转发表。
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