WO2011034467A2 - Procédé pour produire de l'hydrogène - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire de l'hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011034467A2
WO2011034467A2 PCT/RU2010/000512 RU2010000512W WO2011034467A2 WO 2011034467 A2 WO2011034467 A2 WO 2011034467A2 RU 2010000512 W RU2010000512 W RU 2010000512W WO 2011034467 A2 WO2011034467 A2 WO 2011034467A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
gas
chamber
gas collection
collection chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2010/000512
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Other versions
WO2011034467A3 (fr
Inventor
Ларион Александрович ЛЕБЕДЕВ
Эльдар Муратович УРМАНЧЕЕВ
Леонид Ирбекович УРУЦКОЕВ
Дмитрий Витальевич ФИЛИППОВ
Original Assignee
Lebedev Larion Aleksandrovich
Urmancheev Eldar Muratovich
Urutskoev Leonid Irbekovich
Filippov Dmitriy Vitalevich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lebedev Larion Aleksandrovich, Urmancheev Eldar Muratovich, Urutskoev Leonid Irbekovich, Filippov Dmitriy Vitalevich filed Critical Lebedev Larion Aleksandrovich
Publication of WO2011034467A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011034467A2/fr
Publication of WO2011034467A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011034467A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to physicochemical methods (technologies) for producing hydrogen.
  • the problem that is solved by the invention is to create a new, environmentally friendly and energy-efficient method for producing hydrogen. May find application in the field of experimental physics and hydrogen energy.
  • a known method of producing hydrogen which includes the passage of a stream of a mixture of "light water” and “heavy water” under pressure through one or more holes of the dielectric element, the impact on the path of the mixture through a magnetic field, its separation into three streams.
  • two streams having ions that are different in electrical sign and chemical properties are electrically isolated, accelerate their passage and sent to collimators.
  • a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water” is taken in the ratio necessary to control the nuclear reaction.
  • the proposed invention allows to obtain hydrogen from a mixture of "light water” and “heavy water” in quantities sufficient for practical use (see RF patent 2258028).
  • a known method of producing hydrogen by electrolysis including the closure of an electrical circuit mounted on a shaft the electrolytic cell containing the anode and cathode, and its rotation, the supply of the electrolyte solution to the electrolytic cell and its removal, as well as the removal of the final electrolysis products.
  • the cathode is fixedly mounted on the shaft, and the electrodes are subjected to volume-elastic deformation, the cathode being stretched and the anode compressed (see RF patent 2328552).
  • a known method of producing hydrogen implemented on the basis of an electroplasma-chemical reactor, which is a pressure vessel, at the ends of which spherical bottoms are installed with screens through which microwave waveguides pass.
  • the latter are separated from the inner volume of the reactor by metal diaphragms with supporting grids and contain nozzles for supplying carbon dioxide and water vapor, bipolar hollow perforated electrodes for the production and separation of hydrogen and oxygen, the internal volumes of which are connected to desiccants, molecular sieves for the liberation of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide ( see RF patent N2 2286402).
  • a known method of producing hydrogen which consists in filling a container with a liquid containing water and which is devoid of a chemical catalyst, immersing a pair of electrodes in a liquid, arranging said electrodes at a distance of 5 mm or less from each other and applying a pulsed electrical signal to one of these electrodes after they are immersed and location in the tank.
  • the pulse signal has a frequency in the range of about 10-250 kHz to generate hydrogen.
  • the invention allows to obtain a cell that receives a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen for a relative period of time, with a small input power and without heat (see application PCT / IB 99/01276). This method of producing hydrogen is proposed to be adopted as a prototype.
  • the technical result of the invention is to obtain hydrogen by electrical explosion of conductors in water, as well as to reduce energy costs.
  • the essence of the invention lies in the fact that a sealed explosive chamber made of dielectric insulating material is placed in a durable sealed gas collection chamber. Fill the blast chamber with ordinary or “heavy” water or a mixture thereof. An electric explosion of one or several metal conductors is carried out in an explosive chamber, creating a high or ultrahigh pulse pressure of more than 3 atm. and superstrong magnetic field of more than 1 MG. During an electric explosion, a nonequilibrium, weakly ionized plasma is formed, as a result of which conditions are created for low-energy nuclear reactions that lead to the release of gaseous hydrogen from water without the formation of oxygen.
  • the blasting chamber is designed in such a way that the excess gas resulting from the electric explosion flows into the gas collecting chamber. This can be realized through specially designed blast chamber seals or by using an additional device such as a valve.
  • the gas collection chamber performs two functions: it prevents the destruction of the explosive chamber, perceiving shock loads arising from electric explosion, and, in fact, is a container for collecting the hydrogen produced and its subsequent removal. As metal conductors, foil and / or wires can be used.
  • FIG. 1 - depicts a pilot plant diagram for one explosive chamber.
  • FIG. 2 - shows a signal from a “fast” ADC.
  • FIG. 3 - shows a signal from a “slow” ADC.
  • FIG. 4 - depicts the readings of a gas mass spectrometer.
  • FIG. 5 - depicts the readings of a gas chromatograph.
  • FIG. 6 - depicts the dependence of the amount of hydrogen formed on the mass of the foil.
  • FIG. 7 - depicts the percentage of hydrogen formed at various internal diameters of the glass.
  • FIG. 8 is a fragment of a calibration optical spectrum.
  • FIG. 9 - depicts a fragment of the optical spectrum of the resulting gas mixture.
  • the installation (figure 1) consists of a capacitor bank 1 and switches 2, which are used trigatron type arresters, which are ignited by special ignition blocks.
  • the time of the current pulse from the battery is ⁇ 120 ⁇ s, and its value is / 0 ⁇ 120 kA.
  • Current is measured using coaxial shunts, and voltage using a divider.
  • Analogue oscilloscopes and high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) combined with a computer are used as electrical signal recorders.
  • Transportation of electric the pulse from the battery is carried out using coaxial cables 3.
  • the recording equipment is located in a shielded room at a distance of ⁇ 40 m, which avoids electromagnetic interference.
  • Battery 1 was triggered by an electric load, which served as a titanium foil 4, welded to a massive titanium electrode 5 by contact electric welding.
  • An insulator 6 made of Teflon was installed between the massive electrode and the foil, and thus, the welded foil played the role of a cable braid connected “short” to the central core of the “cable”.
  • the electrodes 5 are mounted on a dielectric insulator 7, which can be made of polyethylene or teflon. At the same time, insulator 7 serves as the cover of the blast chamber 8.
  • the mass of titanium foil 4 (load) varied from one to four strips, the mass of each of which was (90 ⁇ 5) x 10 g.
  • the blast chamber 8 is made of polyethylene (or Teflon) and is located in the lower part of the sturdy housing of the sealed gas collection chamber 9 made of stainless steel. All sealing elements that ensure the tightness of chambers 8 and 9 are made of hydrogen-free materials. The tightness of the explosive chamber itself is ensured by sealing 10 of the dielectric insulator 7. Voltage is applied through the upper part of the metal housing of the gas collection chamber 9. Inside the blast chamber 8 is a disposable cup 1 1 made of Teflon (or polyethylene), into which liquid 12 is poured and into which electrode 5 with foil 4 welded to it was also immersed. 4. Volume of liquid to be poured is 18 cm 3 . The liquid is either a deionized bi-distillate (H 2 0) or a certified 99.8% heavy water (D 2 0).
  • H 2 0 deionized bi-distillate
  • D 2 0 certified 99.8% heavy water
  • the gas collection chamber 9 In the upper part of the gas collection chamber 9, there is a pressure sensor 13 and a nozzle, which is connected through a valve 14 to a partial pressure measurement sensor 15 of hydrogen and through a valve 16 to a calibrated gas collection cylinder 17.
  • Such a procedure made it possible to minimize the influence of atmospheric gases on the results of subsequent measurements.
  • the titanium foil 4 turns into a dense non-equilibrium plasma, and, as a result, the pressure in the explosive chamber 8 increases sharply, reaching a pressure of several tens or hundreds of thousands of atmospheres, and, in addition, an ultra-strong magnetic field is created.
  • the resulting gas through the seals 10 breaks into the gas collection chamber 9.
  • the capacitor bank At the moment the capacitor bank is triggered, the values of currents and voltages at the electric load are recorded, as well as signals from the piezoelectric pressure sensor 13.
  • the signal from the pressure sensor 13 is branched in a consistent manner and digitized using two different analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) having different sampling frequencies. Typical signals from both ADCs are shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • the slew rate and amplitude of the signal in figure 2 allows you to judge the intensity of the process of gas production.
  • a signal with slow ADC Fig.Z allows you to control the preservation of the tightness of the gas collection chamber 9 after electric explosion, as well as the process of measuring the partial pressure of hydrogen. It can be seen in FIG. 3 that after 20-30 s all transients basically end and the pressure reaches a stationary value.
  • Figure 2 compares the results of measurements of the relative content of hydrogen (H 2 ) in the gas mixture obtained using a gas chromatograph and a polarization sensor for one of a series of experiments.
  • argon (Ar) with a chemical purity of 99.8% was also used as a buffer gas.
  • the table shows a good agreement between the results obtained using two different methods.
  • part of the gas samples was simultaneously investigated using a gas mass spectrometer.
  • Figure 4 presents the results of the analysis of one of the samples obtained using a gas mass spectrometer, and figure 5 - obtained using a gas chromatograph, for the case when nitrogen (N 2 ) of high chemical purity was used as a buffer gas.
  • Figure 4 shows that the gas mass spectrometer shows the absence of free oxygen, as with a gas chromatograph.
  • the fact that the results of measurements carried out using different methods coincide confirms the presence of an abnormally large amount of hydrogen and the absence of oxygen in the composition of the gas mixture after electric explosion of titanium foil in water.
  • No 2 (8.7 ⁇ 0.9) x 10.
  • the origin of these molecules can well be explained by the pyrolytic decomposition of water molecules with the subsequent formation of carbon oxides, due to the combination of oxygen atoms with carbon, for example, contained in polyethylene. Titanium foil, due to oxidation, binds
  • Triangular dots refer to the total amount of registered hydrogen
  • round dots refer to hydrogen of non-chemical origin. It can be seen that the amount of hydrogen, which has a non-chemical origin, is practically independent of the mass of the titanium foil used. It is noteworthy that, upon averaging, the standard deviation for hydrogen having a non-chemical origin (lower points) turned out to be less than for the initial measurements of the total amount of hydrogen (upper points).
  • N 10 22 regardless of the mass of the foil. In other words, this mechanism is more reproducible and, so to speak, more "fundamental" in nature than the process of chemical oxidation of the foil.
  • titanium foil used in the experiments was tested for the role of a source of additional “impurity” hydrogen. It is well known that titanium can be saturated with hydrogen to a ratio of almost 1: 1. However, in order to achieve this, it is necessary to heat titanium to a high temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere. Spontaneous saturation of titanium with hydrogen in this case seems extremely unlikely, however, an experimental verification of the existence of such a possibility was carried out.
  • an experimental bench was assembled on the basis of a quadrupole gas mass spectrometer, on which the absolute number of particles and the chemical composition of the gas contained in the foil were measured.
  • Another likely source of hydrogen could be polyethylene contained in the structural elements of the explosive chamber.
  • all structural elements inside the sealed chamber body containing polyethylene were replaced by teflon. While maintaining other equal conditions (mass of foil, amount of water, pressure of ballast gas, etc.), the following result was obtained: the hydrogen content in the gas formed as a result of electric explosion when structural elements of the installation were made from polyethylene - (16, 1 ⁇ 2 , 2)%, and when made from Teflon - (14.0 ⁇ 0.6)%.
  • the polyethylene structural elements of the explosive chamber do not serve as a source of observed hydrogen. A slight difference in the percentage of hydrogen is clearly not enough to explain the recorded amount of hydrogen.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé peut être utilisé pour produire de l'hydrogène dans le cadre de la recherche scientifique ainsi que pour créer des installations de production d'énergie. On place dans une chambre de collecte de gaz résistante et étanche une chambre d'explosion étanche remplie d'eau, faite en un matériau diélectrique isolant et permettant d'évacuer le gaz en excès vers la chambre de collecte de gaz. Au moyen d'une explosion électrique d'au moins un conducteur métallique on obtient une surpression élevée et un champ magnétique extrêmement intense créant ainsi les conditions nécessaires pour des réactions nucléaire à basse énergie; l'hydrogène produit grâce à ces réactions est collecté dans la chambre de collecte de gaz.
PCT/RU2010/000512 2009-09-17 2010-09-16 Procédé pour produire de l'hydrogène WO2011034467A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2009134712/05A RU2418738C1 (ru) 2009-09-17 2009-09-17 Способ получения водорода
RU2009134712 2009-09-17

Publications (2)

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WO2011034467A2 true WO2011034467A2 (fr) 2011-03-24
WO2011034467A3 WO2011034467A3 (fr) 2011-05-19

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WO (1) WO2011034467A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015108434A1 (fr) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-23 Юрий Николаевич БАЖУТОВ Procédé et dispositif de production d'énergie thermique par un procédé d'électrolyse plasmique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2078045C1 (ru) * 1994-07-19 1997-04-27 Научно-исследовательский институт высоких напряжений при Томском политехническом университете Способ получения порошка оксида алюминия
RU2175027C2 (ru) * 1999-06-03 2001-10-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Неоэнергия" Устройство для получения тепловой энергии, водорода и кислорода
RU2235151C2 (ru) * 1998-06-26 2004-08-27 Зоджен Пауэр Инк. Способ получения водорода и устройство для его осуществления
US7235226B2 (en) * 2004-08-05 2007-06-26 Dynax Corporation Method for generating hydrogen gas utilizing activated aluminum fine particles

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2078045C1 (ru) * 1994-07-19 1997-04-27 Научно-исследовательский институт высоких напряжений при Томском политехническом университете Способ получения порошка оксида алюминия
RU2235151C2 (ru) * 1998-06-26 2004-08-27 Зоджен Пауэр Инк. Способ получения водорода и устройство для его осуществления
RU2175027C2 (ru) * 1999-06-03 2001-10-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Неоэнергия" Устройство для получения тепловой энергии, водорода и кислорода
US7235226B2 (en) * 2004-08-05 2007-06-26 Dynax Corporation Method for generating hydrogen gas utilizing activated aluminum fine particles

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Publication number Publication date
RU2009134712A (ru) 2011-03-27
RU2418738C1 (ru) 2011-05-20
WO2011034467A3 (fr) 2011-05-19

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