WO2011029218A1 - 蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用 - Google Patents

蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2011029218A1
WO2011029218A1 PCT/CN2009/001187 CN2009001187W WO2011029218A1 WO 2011029218 A1 WO2011029218 A1 WO 2011029218A1 CN 2009001187 W CN2009001187 W CN 2009001187W WO 2011029218 A1 WO2011029218 A1 WO 2011029218A1
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montmorillonite
preparation
medicament
nasal
cold
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PCT/CN2009/001187
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李诗标
许翠萍
张梅雪
张晶
徐东峰
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济南康众医药科技开发有限公司
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Publication of WO2011029218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011029218A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/06Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0043Nose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/02Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new uses of montmorillonite, and in particular to the use of montmorillonite in the prevention and treatment of colds in the preparation of medicaments.
  • montmorillonite in medicine is administered through the digestive tract, mainly for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
  • the new use of montmorillonite disclosed in the Chinese patent approved in 2007 is that the treatment of chronic renal failure diseases is also treated by digestive tract administration. So far, there have been no reports of treatment of diseases by other modes of administration.
  • Montmorillonite is a typical 2:1 layered silicate mineral containing water of crystallization, and has many excellent properties such as high dispersibility, suspension, swellability, cohesiveness, adsorption, and cation exchangeability.
  • montmorillonite As a medicinal herb, montmorillonite has a long history. After oral administration, the drug can evenly cover the entire surface of the intestine. It has a high positioning ability and can last for 6 hours.
  • montmorillonite can adsorb a variety of pathogens and endotoxin in the digestive tract, fix it on the surface of the intestine, and then excrete it with the peristalsis, thus avoiding damage to the body by various pathogens and endotoxin. '
  • the sweet soil is non-toxic, the main medicine and the bacteria are poisoned, and the hot soup regulator is finally served.
  • the sweet soil is bentonite (mainly composed of montmorillonite), which can be widely used to treat acute and delayed diarrhea, and treat esophagitis, gastritis, colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Because it is not easy to absorb after montmorillonite clothing, it does not enter the blood circulation. It is safe and non-toxic during application.
  • the clinical use for the treatment of pediatric diseases has been widened in recent years.
  • Chinese patent ZL200510082757. 0 discloses the application of montmorillonite in the treatment of chronic renal failure.
  • Chinese patent ZL03121876. 8 discloses the application of montmorillonite in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and bad breath.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide the application of montmorillonite in the preparation of a medicament, the administration of the upper respiratory tract, the prevention and treatment of a cold with montmorillonite, and the provision of a type of medicament for preventing and treating a cold with montmorillonite, and providing prevention and treatment The way to catch a cold.
  • montmorillonite in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of colds, including the common cold and influenza.
  • the preparation of montmorillonite for the prevention and treatment of colds is montmorillonite nasal drops.
  • the preparation of montmorillonite for the prevention and treatment of colds is montmorillonite spray, and the preparation of montmorillonite for the prevention and treatment of colds.
  • the dosage form is smectite aerosol
  • concentration of montmorillonite preparation for preventing and treating cold is: 5-20 grams of montmorillonite per 100 ml of montmorillonite nasal drops, montmorillonite is prepared for prevention
  • concentration of the agent for treating colds is 5-20 grams per 100 ml of montmorillonite spray.
  • concentration of montmorillonite in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating colds is, per 100 ml of montmorillonite.
  • the content of montmorillonite in the aerosol is 5-20 grams.
  • the method of using a montmorillonite spray to prevent and treat a cold is: the patient's nasal cavity is cleaned, the head is kept at an angle perpendicular to the ground or forward, and the nozzle of the montmorillonite spray drug container is placed in the nasal cavity. Each nostril is sprayed with 1 3 each time, each spray 0. 1-0. 2 liters, spray 2 - 4 times a day.
  • the method of preventing and treating influenza by using montmorillonite nasal drops is as follows: The patient's nasal cavity is cleaned, the head is tilted back so that the nostrils face upward, and the medicine is dripped into the nostrils, and each nostril is dropped 2 - 3 drops, each drop 0. 0625 liters, 2-4 times a day, the medicine drops into the nose and pinch the nose several times, and keep the nostrils up for 5 minutes, so that the drug is in full contact with the nasal mucosa.
  • the cold of the present invention includes the common cold and influenza.
  • the common cold is a mild and self-limiting disease that is often caused by parainfluenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coxsackie virus, and coronavirus.
  • People are exposed to the secretions of the respiratory secretions containing a large amount of virus by infecting the surface of the environment with viral secretions.
  • the virus invades the upper respiratory tract, causing changes in the flora of the upper respiratory tract and the inflammatory response of the host, damage to the host respiratory epithelium and matrix proteins, allowing bacteria to invade normal sterile areas such as the sinus, middle ear and tracheobronchial, etc.
  • Antihistamines can cause adverse reactions such as mouth, nose, throat dryness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, and dizziness. Most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have an adverse effect on inhibiting hematopoietic function.
  • the way to prevent the common cold is: block the spread, pay attention to isolation, air disinfection, avoid contact with pollutants, wash your hands and avoid natural contact between the hands, nose and hands; use drugs in the nasal cavity to block the virus from invading the nasal mucosa cells.
  • Influenza referred to as influenza
  • influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza A, B, and C viruses.
  • Influenza A viruses often appear in popular form, which can cause a worldwide flow Row.
  • Influenza B viruses often cause local outbreaks and do not cause a worldwide pandemic.
  • Influenza C virus appears in sporadic form, mainly affecting infants and young children, and does not cause influenza epidemics.
  • the flu virus only causes disease through the nasal cavity. It is mainly transmitted by air droplets and contact, and the injection of influenza virus into humans does not occur. The virus first invades the ciliated epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa, further enters the tracheobronchial bronchus, causing severe damage in the local area, causing extensive inflammation of the upper respiratory tract within 1-2 days.
  • influenza virus After the influenza virus infects a small number of cells, a large number of virus particles are replicated, and then released, and then infected with other cells, causing the infection to spread.
  • the clinical manifestations of flu are chills, fever, body temperature up to 38-40 ° C, headache, weakness, eye pain, body laziness, nausea, runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, etc., facial flushing and conjunctival hyperemia.
  • the symptoms of systemic poisoning caused by the flu are caused by the destruction of the respiratory mucosa and the entry of some viruses and their products into the bloodstream. There has been no real breakthrough in influenza prevention. At present, the commonly used influenza virus vaccines in the world are purified, multivalent inactivated vaccines.
  • the invention can prevent both the common cold and the influenza, and has no drug resistance, no toxicity and no side effects.
  • montmorillonite After montmorillonite is added with water to make nasal drops or sprays or aerosols, montmorillonite passes through the particles. Through-expansion and inter-layer hydration, the particles are dispersed, the layers are peeled off, the negatively charged layer interacts with the end faces, and the cross-linking associates to form a hydrated gel. In addition to the remarkable adhesion, montmorillonite hydration gel can bind to the mucus on the upper respiratory tract surface, significantly enhance the cohesive force and viscoelasticity of the mucus, firmly cover the surface of the nasal mucosa, form an isolation protective film, and effectively block The virus invades the nasal mucosal cells. The use of montmorillonite nasal drops or sprays or aerosols can be used to prevent colds.
  • montmorillonite nasal drops or spray or aerosol After the montmorillonite nasal drops or spray or aerosol enters the upper respiratory tract, it can cover the entire upper respiratory tract surface. Through adsorption and "card-type" gel structure, viruses, germs and bacteria that have entered the upper respiratory tract can be The toxins they produce are adsorbed, fixed, and then excreted with the sputum, causing them to lose their pathogenic effects and inhibit the replication and spread of the virus. The use of montmorillonite nasal drops or sprays or aerosols can be used to treat colds.
  • Influenza virus type A 1995 local epidemic strain in Beijing, introduced in 2004 from the Chinese CDC virus disease laboratory. Cryopreservation for use. Before the experiment, the poisonous species were mixed with running water, diluted with sterile physiological saline to a concentration of 15 LD50 per 0.05 ml, and placed in ice water for use. 1.
  • Drugs Montmorillonite nasal drops at concentrations of 5%, 20%, and 30% (g/ml) are provided by Jinan Kangzhong Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd. Beverin Nasal Drops (10 ml: 50 mg) was purchased from Hongjitang Pharmacy.
  • mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, ribavirin nasal drops group and montmorillonite nasal drops 5%, 20%, 30% (g/ml)
  • the dose group consisted of 6 groups of 30 animals each. Ribavirin nasal drops 3 times a day, each time 0. 05 ml.
  • the montmorillonite nasal drops were intranasally administered 3 times a day, each time 0. 0 ml, and the blank control group and the model group were given the same amount of physiological saline. Continuous administration for 1 week.
  • each group of mice was infected with 15 LD50 influenza viruses, each time (0.05 ml).
  • mice After infecting mice, the body weights of mice at different times were recorded. The symptoms of the mice were observed, and the time of death and the number of deaths were recorded. Observe daily until 7 days after infection.
  • mice in each group had good mental state, alertness, quick activity, shiny hair, good diet, uniform breathing and natural weight gain.
  • the mice in the model group had no obvious abnormal symptoms on the first day.
  • the above symptoms worsened and began to die. Symptoms of convulsions occurred on death.
  • the mice developed symptoms such as hair messiness, slow movement, and shortness of breath on the third day after the virus infection. After the seventh day, the symptoms basically disappeared, and three died.
  • Hep 2 Hep 2 cells (respiratory syncytial virus host cells), introduced in the cell bank of the Institute of Basic Medicine of China Medical College in 2002, frozen in liquid nitrogen in the department.
  • Influenza A (flu-A): A local strain of Beijing in 1995, introduced in 2004 from the Chinese CDC virus disease laboratory.
  • Influenza virus type B (flu - B): The source background is the same as the influenza A virus.
  • Test sample Montmorillonite nose drops, milky white suspension, provided by Jinan Kangzhong Medical Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. Production date: 2009.9.20.
  • Cell culture medium RPMI1640, GIBC0 company product, according to the instructions, add 10% newborn bovine serum as cell culture medium, add 2% newborn bovine serum as cell maintenance solution.
  • Phosphate saline NaCL8g, KCLO.2g, KH2P040.2g, Na2HP04.12H20, add double distilled water to 100ml, steam sterilization at 12rC for 20min.
  • Cell Digestion Solution Containing 0.25% trypsin, prepared with phosphate physiological saline, filtered through a filter with a diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m, and stored at 2 CTC.
  • Test basis “Medical virology basics and experimental techniques”, “Guidelines for clinical research of new drugs (Western medicines)”.
  • Activated proliferating virus The lyophilized influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus strains were inoculated into MDCK cells and Hep-2 cells, respectively, and the cells were maintained at 37 ° C and 5% CO 2 . Culture, when the cells showed 70% lesions, stop the culture, gently pour the maintenance solution, wash three times with PBS, add 2ml of distilled water to freeze and thaw for 3 times, centrifuge at 2000r/min for 20min, discard the sediment, and dispense the penicillin vial into the supernatant. °C refrigerator, to be tested for viral virulence.
  • Viral virulence test 3 ⁇ 4 The virus solution was serially diluted 10 times, serially inoculated on a single layer of cells in a 96-well plate, 100 ⁇ l per well, and the same dilution was repeated vertically for 3 wells with cell control and blanks. Control.
  • Influenza virus A, influenza virus type B, and respiratory syncytial virus TCID50/mL were: lOVmL, 10 3 /mL, 10:7 mL.
  • montmorillonite nasal spray has direct adsorption and inactivation of influenza A virus, influenza B virus and respiratory tract virus. It can be used to prevent and treat colds.
  • the clinical effect statistics of the treatment of influenza with montmorillonite spray and nasal drops 461 voluntary subjects, (1) contact history of cold patients; (2) acute fever, chills, throat Dry itching pain, accompanied by cough, nasal congestion and other symptoms; (3) check the obvious congestion of the pharynx or tonsil enlargement, congestion; (4) blood test to check the white blood cell count is normal or low, the proportion of lymphocytes is elevated; 5) Exclude infections from other areas.
  • montmorillonite nasal drops or sprays or aerosols is basically the same, only the final dispensing in different containers, obtaining different dosage forms, after entering the nasal cavity or upper respiratory tract, all three dosage forms are It is a montmorillonite suspension and its clinical effects should be consistent.
  • the present invention has unearthed new uses for medicinal montmorillonite and opened up a new field of application.
  • Montmorillonite nasal drops or sprays or aerosols are both preventable and treatable for the common cold and influenza.
  • montmorillonite in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of colds, including the common cold and influenza.
  • the preparation of montmorillonite for the prevention and treatment of colds is montmorillonite nasal drops.
  • the preparation of montmorillonite for the prevention and treatment of colds is montmorillonite spray, and the preparation of montmorillonite for the prevention and treatment of colds.
  • the dosage form is a smectite aerosol.
  • the concentration of montmorillonite in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating colds is 5-20 g per montmorillonite nasal drop.
  • the concentration of montmorillonite in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating colds is 5-20 g per montmorillonite spray.
  • the concentration of the montmorillonite preparation for preventing and treating the common cold is that the content of montmorillonite per 100 ml of the smectite aerosol is 520 g.
  • the method of preventing and treating a cold with a montmorillonite spray is: the patient's nasal cavity is cleaned, the head is kept at an angle perpendicular to the ground or inclined forward, and the nozzle of the montmorillonite spray drug container is placed in the nasal cavity, Each nostril is sprayed 1-3, each time spraying 0. 1- 0. 2 liters, daily spray 2 4
  • the method of preventing and treating colds with montmorillonite nasal drops is: clean the patient's nasal cavity Head The back is tilted so that the nostrils are facing upwards, and the medicine is dripped into the nostrils. Each nostril is dripped 2-3 drops, each drop is 0.026 liters, 2 to 4 times a day, and the medicine is dropped into the nose several times. , and keep the nostrils up for 5 minutes, so that the drug is in full contact with the nasal mucosa.
  • montmorillonite in the prevention and treatment of colds is mainly based on nasal drops and sprays, and can also be made into an aerosol.
  • the montmorillonite content of each dosage form is 5 - 20 grams per 10,000 ml of montmorillonite.
  • Montmorillonite nasal drops, sprays and aerosols are mainly montmorillonite, adding medical auxiliary materials, adding water to make montmorillonite nasal drops containing 520 grams of montmorillonite 5-20 grams.
  • the pharmaceutical excipients used are all medical nasal drops, sprays or aerosols.
  • montmorillonite nasal drops containing 1 gram of montmorillonite per 1 G of 0 ml are obtained.
  • montmorillonite weigh 80 g of montmorillonite, 1.5 g of sodium benzoate, add water to 1000 ml, stir evenly, and then mix the liquid evenly, and use a colloid mill to treat the smectite particles with a fineness less than ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . After being boiled for 20 minutes, it is sterilized and dispensed into a spray bottle to obtain 8 grams of montmorillonite spray containing montmorillonite.
  • Example 5 Preparation of montmorillonite aerosol 150 g of montmorillonite was weighed, 2 g of paraben was added to 1000 ml of water, stirred well, and then the uniformly stirred liquid was treated with a colloid mill to obtain fineness of montmorillonite particles. A homogeneous body smaller than ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , after being sterilized by boiling for 20 minutes, is dispensed into a container, filled with a valve, and pressed into a propellant, that is, a montmorillonite aerosol containing 15 g of montmorillonite per 1 mM of montmorillonite .

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Description

技术领域
本发明涉及蒙脱石的新用途, 具体涉及蒙脱石在预防和治疗感冒的蒙 脱石在制备药物中的应用。
技术背景
目前, 蒙脱石在药物中的应用均是通过消化道给药, 主要治疗胃肠 道疾病。 2007年批准的中国专利公开的蒙脱石的新用途是治疗慢性肾功能 衰竭疾病也是通过消化道给药进行治疗, 到目前为止, 尚未有通过其他给 药方式治疗疾病的报道。
蒙脱石是典型的 2 : 1 型含结晶水的层状硅酸盐矿物, 具有高分散性、 悬浮性、 膨润性、 粘结性、 吸附性、 阳离子交换性等许多优良特性。 蒙脱 石作为药用具有悠久的历史, 口服后,药物可均匀地覆盖在整个肠腔表面, 具有极高的定位能力, 可维持 6小时之久。 用于治疗腹泻, 蒙脱石可吸附 多种病原体和消化道内毒素, 将其固定在肠腔表面, 而后随肠蠕动排出体 外, 从而避免多种病原体和消化道内毒素对机体的损伤。 '
我国唐代医学名著 《本草拾遗》 中记载: "甘土无毒, 主治草药及诸 菌毒, 热汤调节器末服之"。 甘土即为膨润土 (主要成分为蒙脱石), 可广 泛用于治疗急、 缓性腹泻, 治疗食管炎、 胃炎、 结肠炎、 肠易激综合症。 由于蒙脱石服后不易吸收, 不进入血液循环, 应用期间十分安全, 无毒性 反应, 近年用于儿科疾病治疗的临床用途不断被拓宽。 例如: 中国专利 ZL200510082757. 0公开了蒙脱石治疗慢性肾功能衰 竭的应用。 中国专利 ZL03121876. 8 公开了蒙脱石治疗甲亢, 口臭的应用 等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 通过上呼吸道给 药, 用蒙脱石预防和治疗感冒, 并提供用蒙脱石预防和治疗感冒的药剂类 型, 同时提供预防和治疗感冒的方法。
为实现上述目的, 通过以下技术方案来实现: 蒙脱石在制备预防和治 疗感冒药物中的应用, 感冒包括普通感冒和流行性感冒。 蒙脱石在制备预 防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石滴鼻液, 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒 的药物剂型是蒙脱石喷雾剂, 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是 蒙脱石气雾剂, 蒙脱石制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升 蒙脱石滴鼻液中蒙脱石的含量是 5-20 克, 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒 的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石喷雾剂中蒙脱石的含量是 5-20克, 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石气雾剂 中蒙脱石的含量是 5- 20克。
采用蒙脱石制备喷雾剂和滴鼻液, 用于治疗甲型、 乙型及丙型流感病 毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。
用蒙脱石喷雾剂予页防和治疗感冒的方法是: 将患者鼻腔清理干净, 头 部保持与地面垂直或向前倾斜的角度, 将蒙脱石喷雾剂药物容器的喷嘴置 入鼻腔内, 每个鼻孔每次均为 1 3喷, 每次喷 0. 1-0. 2亳升, 每日喷 2 - 4 次。 用蒙脱石滴鼻液预防和治疗流感冒的方法是: 将患者鼻腔清理干净, 头部向后倾斜使鼻孔朝上, 将药物滴入鼻孔, 每个鼻孔均滴 2- 3滴, 每滴 0. 0625亳升, 每日滴 2-4次, 药液滴入后捏鼻翼数次, 并保持鼻孔朝上 5 分钟, 使药物与鼻腔黏膜充分接触。
本发明所述感冒包括普通感冒和流行性感冒。
普通感冒是一种轻微和自限性的疾病, 常由副流感病毒、 鼻病毒、 呼 吸道合胞病毒、 柯萨奇病毒及冠状病毒等引起。 人通过接触环境表面有病 毒的分泌物, 吸入含大量病毒的呼吸道分泌物的空气被传染。 病毒侵人上 呼吸道, 导致上呼吸道正常定居的菌群改变和宿主的炎性反应、 损伤了宿 主呼吸道上皮和基质蛋白, 使细菌侵入正常时无菌的区域, 如鼻窦、 中耳 和气管支气管等, 使细菌沉淀到这些区域, 加上这些区域出口的梗阻和粘 膜清洁作用的损伤, 导致继发性细菌感染。 普通感冒的临床表现, 主要症 状为流涕、 鼻塞、 喷嚏、 咽喉痛、 头痛和咳嗽。 可能有低热, 其他不适包 括轻度眼痛、 嗅觉和味觉缺失、 耳堵感、 说话声有鼻音。 病程大约 1周, 约 1 / 4的病人可持续到 2周。 目前没有真正的 "治愈" 感冒药, 主要有 抗组胺药和非 体类抗炎药, 可以很好的缓解喷嚏、 流涕、 头痛。 抗组胺 药可致口、 鼻、 喉发干、 腹痛、 腹泻、 呕吐、 嗜睡、 眩暈等不良反应。 非 甾体类抗炎药大多数具有抑制造血功能的不良作用。 预防普通感冒的办法 是: 阻断传播, 注意隔离, 空气消毒, 避免接触污染物, 洗手和避免手鼻、 手眼自然接触; 鼻腔内使用药物阻断病毒侵入鼻黏膜细胞。
流行性感冒简称流感, 是由甲、 乙、 丙三型流感病毒分别引起的急性 呼吸道传染病。 甲型流感病毒常以流行形式出现, 可以造成世界性的大流 行。 乙型流感病毒常造成局部暴发, 不引起世界性大流行。 丙型流感病毒 以散发形式出现, 主要侵袭婴幼儿, 不引起流感流行。 流感病毒只有通过 鼻腔才会致病。 主要通过空气飞沫和接触传播, 将流感病毒注射于人则不 发病。 病毒首先侵入鼻粘膜的纤毛上皮细胞, 进一步进人气管支气管, 在 局部区域造成严重破坏, 在 1- 2d 内引起上呼吸道广泛炎症。 流感病毒感 染少数细胞后, 复制出大量的病毒颗粒, 释放后再感染其他细胞, 造成感 染扩散。 流感的临床表现有畏寒、 发热、 体温可达 38- 40°C、 头痛、 无力、 眼痛、 全身酸懒、 恶心、 流涕、 鼻塞、 打喷嚏等、 面部潮红和球结膜充血。 流感产生的全身中毒症状是由于呼吸道黏膜破坏, 部分病毒及其产物进入 血流造成。 在流感预防上至今还没有真正地突破。 目前国际上常用的流 感病毒疫苗为纯化的、 多价灭活疫苗。 当今所使用的有 3种类型, 各有利 弊。①全病毒粒灭活的(制备简单, 有时会引起不良反应); ②半裂解的(可 降低不良反应, 但制备过程繁琐); ③亚单位疫苗(安全性好, 但抗体应答 效果差, 造价高)。 疫苗株需随流感病毒株抗原的变异而及时更换, 否则 无法保证预防效果。 目前治疗流感的药物有金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺能特异性 的抑制甲型流感病毒的复制, 对乙型流感病毒无效, 这两种药物均有共同 的交叉敏感性或耐药性, 副作用为易产生神经毒性及易产生耐药性。 病毒 唑在体外实验中证实既能抗甲型也能抗乙型流感病毒, 但临床无明显抗病 毒作用和治疗效果。
本发明既可预防同时也可治疗普通感冒和流行感冒, 长期使用不产生 耐药性, 无毒、 无副作用。
蒙脱石加水制成滴鼻液或喷雾剂或气雾剂后, 蒙脱石通过颗粒间的渗 透膨胀和层间水化, 颗粒分散, 叠层之间发生剥离, 带负电的层面与端面 相互作用, 交联缔合形成水化凝胶。 蒙脱石水化凝胶除有显著的粘附性, 能与上呼吸道表面的粘液结合, 显著增强粘液的内聚力和粘弹性, 牢固地 覆盖于鼻粘膜表面, 形成隔离保护膜, 有效的阻断病毒侵入鼻黏膜细胞。 使用蒙脱石滴鼻液或喷雾剂或气雾剂, 可达到预防感冒的目的。
蒙脱石滴鼻液或喷雾剂或气雾剂进入上呼吸道后, 可覆盖在整个上呼 吸道表面, 通过吸附作用及 "卡房式"凝胶结构, 可将已进入上呼吸道的 病毒、 病菌及它们产生的毒素吸附、 固定, 而后随鼻涕排出体外, 使其失 去致病作用, 并能抑制病毒的复制和传播。 使用蒙脱石滴鼻液或喷雾剂或 气雾剂, 可达到治疗感冒的目的。
申请人用蒙脱石预防和治疗感冒做出的动物试验和临床资料总结如 下:
一、 动物试验报告
蒙脱石滴鼻液对流感病毒甲型(flu-A )感染小鼠的防治作用
1、 材料
1. 1 动物: 昆明种小鼠, 雌雄兼用, 体重 18- 22克, 许可证号: SCXK (鲁) 2005-0015, 由山东中医药大学实验动物中心提供。 饲养条件: 塑 料盒底部铺一层松软的锯末饲养, 雌雄分养, 每盒 5只, 自由饲养, 温度 控制在 20〜25°C, 通风良好, 湿度 55〜60 %, 正常词养一周后供试。
1. 2 流感病毒甲型(flu- A ): 1995 年北京地方流行株, 2004 年引自 中国 CDC病毒病所流感病毒室。低温冻存备用。实验前取毒种用流水冲融, 以无菌生理盐水稀释成每 0. 05毫升含 15 个 LD50的浓度,放冰水中备用。 1. 3 药物: 浓度为 5%、 20%、 30% ( g/ml ) 的蒙脱石滴鼻液, 有济南康 众医药科技开发有限公司提供。 巴韦林滴鼻液 (10 毫升: 50 毫克) , 购 于宏济堂药店。
2 、 方法
2. 1 分组及给药: '将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、 模型组、 利巴韦林滴 鼻液组及蒙脱石滴鼻液 5%、 20%、 30% ( g/ml ) 剂量组,共 6 组,每组 30 只。 利巴韦林滴鼻液每日滴鼻 3次,每次 0. 05毫升。蒙脱石滴鼻液每日滴鼻 3次, 每次 0. 0毫升, 空白对照组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水。 连续给药 1周。
2. 2 病毒感染: 给药后第 2 天,除正常对照组外,各组小鼠以 15 个 LD50流感病毒滴鼻感染,每只 (次) 0. 05毫升。
2. 3 测定指标
2. 3. 1 小鼠死亡率, 感染小鼠后记录不同时间的小鼠体重,观察小鼠 发病症状,记录小鼠死亡时间和死亡数。 每天观察,直至感染后第 7d。
3、 结果
3. 1 各组实验小鼠行为状态的观察 空白对照组小鼠精神状态良好, 机警,活动敏捷,毛发有光泽,饮食良好,呼吸均匀,体重自然增加。 模型组 小鼠第 1天无明显异常症状。 第 2 天稍有倦怠,毛发出现凌乱,渐失光泽,呼 吸急促,不喜活动,易惊。 第 3 天上述症状加重,开始死亡,死亡时出现抽搐 痉挛症状。 利巴韦林滴鼻液组小鼠在病毒感染后第 3天出现毛发凌乱、 行 动迟缓、 呼吸急促等症状,第 7 天后症状基本消失,其间死亡 3只。 蒙脱石 滴鼻液 5%、 20%、 30% ( g/ml ) 各浓度组在病毒感染后第 3 天开始出现毛发 凌乱、 蜷縮、 不喜活动、 呼吸急促等症状的只数是 10只、 5只、 3只,其他 小鼠无明显异常症状, 各浓度组发生死亡的只数是 5只、 3只、 1只。 结果 见表 1
表 1 蒙脱石滴鼻液对流感病毒甲型(flu A )感染小鼠的防治保护作用 W\ 剂量 感染前(只) 感染后第 3d
感染只数 未感染只数 感染率(%) 保护率(%) 空白对照组 ― 30 0 30 0 100 模型组 一 30 30 0 100 0 利巴韦林滴鼻 20 30 30 30 100 0 蒙脱石滴鼻液 30 30 3 27 10 90
20 30 5 25 16. 7 83. 3
5 30 10 20 33. 3 66. 67
3. 2 蒙脱石滴鼻液对流感病毒甲型(flu- A ) 感染小鼠的死亡保护作 用 浓度为 5%、20%、30%( g/ml )的蒙脱石滴鼻液,治疗流感病毒甲型(flu - A ) 感染小鼠的死亡保护率分别为 50% 、 40%、 66. 7%。 利巴韦林滴鼻组的死亡 保护率为 90%。 模型组的死亡保护率为 23. 3%。 结果见表 2。
表 2 蒙脱石滴鼻液对流感病毒甲型(flu- A )感染小鼠的死亡保护作用 剂量 .感染只数 感染后第 7d
死亡只数 存活只—数 死亡率( %) 死亡保护率 ( %) 空白对照组 一 0 0 30 0 100 模型组 一 30 23 7 76. 7 23. 3 利巴韦林滴鼻 20 30 3 27 10 90 蒙脱石滴鼻液 30 3 1 2 33. 3 66. 7
20 5 3 2 60 40
5 ' 10 5 5 50 50
结果说明蒙脱石滴鼻液对流感病毒甲型(flu- A )感染小鼠有非常好的 预防和治疗作用, 可用于预防和治疗流感。
二、 体外抗病毒报告
1、 实验目的 检测蒙脱石滴鼻剂体外吸附灭活病毒作用。
2、 实验材料
(1) 试验细胞株:
① MDCK (流感病毒甲型、 流感病毒乙型病毒株宿主细胞), 2004 年引 自中国 CDC病毒病所流感病毒室。
② Hep 2 细胞 (呼吸道合胞病毒宿主细胞), 2002 年引自中国医学科 学院基础所细胞库, 本科室液氮冻存。
(2) 试验病毒株:
①流感病毒甲型(flu- A ): 1995 年北京地方流行株, 2004 年引自中 国 CDC病毒病所流感病毒室。
②流感病毒乙型(flu -B): 来源背景同流感甲病毒。
③呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV): 1998年引自中国 CDC病毒病所毒种库, 本 科室保存。 '
(3) 受试样品: 蒙脱石滴鼻剂, 为乳白色混悬液, 济南康众医药科 技开发有限公司提供。 生产日期: 2009.9.20。
(4) 试验设备:
4.1二氧化碳培养箱: Thermo Forma公司产品, 3111型。
4.2 液氮罐: 风华机械厂产品, YD- 30型。
4.3 细胞培养液: RPMI1640, GIBC0公司产品, 按说明书配制, 加 10 %新生牛血清为细胞培养液, 加 2%新生牛血清为细胞维持液。
4.4 磷酸盐生理盐水: NaCL8g, KCLO.2g, KH2P040.2g, Na2HP04.12H20, 加双蒸水至 100ml, 12rC20min蒸汽灭菌。 4.5 细胞消化液: 含 0.25%胰酶, 用磷酸盐生理盐水配制, 用滤过直 径为 0.2微米的滤器过滤除菌, 一 2CTC存放。
4.6 细胞染液: 1%中性红。
4.7 脱色液: 0.05mol/L冰乙酸加 50%乙醇
4.8 倒置显微镜 OLYMPUS公司产品。
4.9 超低温冰柜: - 86°C, 美国 Thermo Forma公司产品。
3、 方法
(1) 检验依据: 《医学病毒学基础及实验技术》、 《新药(西药)临床研 究指导原则》。
(2) 检测方法: 细胞病变法
2.1复苏、 制备 Hep- 2、 MDCK单层细胞: 将液氮冻存的细胞管在 37Ό 速融, 1000r/min离心' 5min, 无菌条件下去上清, 沉淀用细胞培养液悬浮, 置细胞培养瓶中 37° ( 、 5%C02条件下培养, 3日后长成单层备用。
2.2 活化增殖病毒: 将冻干保存的流感病毒甲型、 流感病毒乙型、 呼 吸道合胞病毒株分别接种 MDCK细胞和 Hep- 2细胞,用细胞维持液置 37°C、 5%C02条件下培养, 当细胞出现 70%病变时终止培养, 轻轻倾维持液, 用 PBS洗三次, 加蒸馏水 2ml冻融 3次, 2000r/min离心 20min, 弃沉淀, 上 清分装青霉素小瓶, 置一 86°C冰箱, 待测定病毒毒力。
2.3 病毒毒力测 ¾: 将病毒液做 10 倍比系列稀释, 依次横向接种于 96孔板内的单层细胞上, 每孔 100μ 1, 相同稀释度纵向重复 3孔同时设 有细胞对照和空白对照。 置 37°C、 5%C02恒温培养箱孵育, 显微镜下观察 细胞病变作为判断指标, 5d时终止培养, 用 1%中性红 37Ό染色 2h, 用 PBS洗 3次去除游离染料, 每孔内加 100 μ ΐ脱色液, 用酶标仪在 540nm处 读取吸光度 A值, 用公式①计算细胞存活率, 然后用 Reed- Muench法计算 病毒毒力, 用 TCIDsu/ml表示。
公式①: 细胞存活率 (%) 二 (病毒孔 A值-空白对照孔 A值) I (细胞对 照孔 A值-空白对照孔 A值) X 100%
2. 4蒙脱石滴鼻剂体外灭活作用检测:
2. 4. 1 体外灭活 将定量的病毒 (流感病毒甲型 TCID5()/ml 为 02/mL、 流感病毒乙型 TCID5()/ml 为 107mL、 呼吸道合胞病毒 TCI 。/ml 为 105mL) 500 μ 1分别与 20%。 10%. 5%蒙脱石滴鼻剂等容量混合, 37° (:、 5°/。CQ2.恒温 培养箱孵育 60min, 将各组样品用 2000r/min离心 lOmin获得上清液, 然 后分别用本文 2. 3 所述方法进行滴定病毒含量 (TCID5。/mL), 平行设有病 毒对照组、 阳性药物对照组 (利巴韦林)、 正常细胞对照组、 药物毒性对 照组。 通过组间比较病毒 TCID5。/ml 指数变化, 判断蒙脱石滴鼻剂对病毒 吸附灭活作用。
4、 结果
( 1 ) 病毒毒力测定:
流感病毒甲型、 流感病毒乙型、 呼吸道合胞病毒 TCID50/mL分别为: lOVmL 、 103/mL、 10:7mL。
( 2) 脱石滴鼻剂吸附灭活病毒效果监测
将不同浓度的蒙脱石滴鼻液与病毒作用 lh 后, 其上清液中病毒含量 显著降低, 见表 1。 表 1 蒙脱石对病毒感染毒力 TCID50的影响
病毒对照组 利巴韦林组 蒙脱石滴鼻剂
20% 10% 5% flu- A lO'-Vml 10°-Vml 10°-6/ml 10')-5/ml 10°· 7ml
(0.9) (1.1) (1.2) (1.1) flu - B 103"Vml lO'-Vml 10°-7ml 10".7ml 10°· 7ml
(2) (3) (3)
RSV 10B'7ral 103'Vml 10L3/ml lO'-Vml : LO'-Vml
(3.2) (5.2) (4.9) (5.3) 注: 括号中为与病毒对照组比较病毒 TCID50下降指数从上表可明显看出, 不同浓度的蒙脱石滴鼻液 (20%、 10%、 5%) 对流感病毒甲型、 流感病毒乙 型、 呼吸道合胞病毒均有良好的吸附灭活作用, 经过在 37°C、 5%C02恒温 培养箱孵育 60min, flu- A TCID50分别下降 1个指数, flu - B下降 3个 指数, RSV下降 5个指数。 表明 20%、 10%、 5%不同浓度的蒙脱石滴鼻剂均 具有强大的吸附病毒的作用。
5、 结论 经检测, 蒙脱石満鼻液对甲型流感病毒、 乙型流感病毒、 呼吸道合 00 胞 病毒病毒有直接吸附沉降灭活作用。 可用于预防和治疗感冒。
三、 用蒙脱石喷雾剂和滴鼻液治疗流行性感冒的临床效果统计资料: 自愿受试者 461例, (1)有感冒患者接触史; (2)出现急性发热、 畏寒、 咽喉部干痒疼痛, 伴有咳嗽、 鼻塞流涕等其他症状; (3)检查咽部明显充 血或扁桃体肿大、 充血; (4)血液化验检查白细胞计数正常或偏低, 淋巴 细胞比例升高; (5) 排除其它部位的感染。
114例患者用每 100毫升含蒙脱石 10克的蒙脱石喷雾剂、 77例患者用每 100毫升含蒙脱石 15克的蒙脱石喷雾剂、 62例患者用每 100毫升含蒙脱石 20 克的蒙脱石喷雾剂, 患者喷药前匀把鼻腔清理千净, 将药瓶的喷嘴插入 # 孔, 每次每鼻孔 1一 3喷, 每喷 0. 2毫升, 每日喷 2- 4次。 需要说明: 5例患 者用 100毫升含蒙脱石 5克的蒙脱石喷雾剂, 治疗方法与上述相同, 但每日 每鼻孔必须喷 3喷, 每喷 0. 2毫升, 每日必须喷 4次。
92例患者用每 100毫升含蒙脱石 15克的蒙脱石滴鼻液、 80例患者用 每 100毫升含蒙脱石 10克的蒙脱石滴鼻液、 36例患者用每 100毫升含蒙 脱石 20克的蒙脱石滴鼻液,用药前, 先将鼻腔清理千净, 头部向后倾斜使 鼻孔朝上, 将药物滴入鼻孔, 每个鼻孔均滴 2— 3喷, 每滴 0. 06毫升, 每 日滴 2-4次,药液滴入后捏鼻翼数次, 并保持鼻孔朝上 5分钟, 使药物与 鼻腔黏膜充分接触。 结果: 痊愈 242例, 显效 173例, 有效 45例, 有效 率为 100%。 , 预防感冒统计资料:
自愿受试者 37例, 年龄为 25-31岁, 6人, 37-41岁, 4人, 49-62 岁, 27人; 受试者每遇气候变化, 必患感冒, 每与感冒患者接触, 必被传 染, 每年感冒次数不计, 使用每 100毫升含蒙脱石 8克滴鼻液一年, 每日 两次, 每次每个鼻孔各两滴, 每滴 0. 0625 毫升, 跟踪观察一年受试者 有一例发生感冒, 说明蒙脱石滴鼻液预防感冒效果良好。
本领域技术人员公知, 蒙脱石滴鼻液或喷雾剂或气雾剂, 制备工艺基 本一致, 只是最后分装于不同的容器, 得到不同的剂型, 进入鼻腔或上呼 吸道后, 3种剂型都是蒙脱石混悬液, 其临床效果应当一致。
综上所述, 本发明的优点总结包括以下几方面:
( 1 )本发明对药用蒙脱石发掘了新的用途,开拓了一个新的应用领域。 (2) 蒙脱石滴鼻液或喷雾剂或气雾剂对普通感冒和流行性感冒既可 预防又可治疗。
( 3 ) 蒙脱石仅作用于上呼吸道, 机体不吸收, 无毒, 无副作用。
( 4 ) 病毒和细菌不产生耐药性。
( 5 ) 原料易得, 价格低廉, 治疗成本低, 上述优点明显优于目前常用 防治流行性感冒的药物。
具体实施方式
蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒药物中的应用, 感冒包括普通感冒和流 行性感冒。 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石滴鼻液, 蒙 脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石喷雾剂, 蒙脱石在制备预 防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石气雾剂。 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒 的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石滴鼻液中蒙脱石的含量是 5-20克。 蒙脱石在制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石喷雾剂 中蒙脱石的含量是 5-20克。 蒙脱石制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石气雾剂中蒙脱石的含量是 5 20克。
采用蒙脱石制备喷雾剂和滴鼻液, 用于治疗甲型、 乙型及丙型流感病 毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。
用蒙脱石喷雾剂预防和治疗感冒的方法是: 将患者鼻腔清理千净, 头 部保持与地面垂直或向前倾斜的角度, 将蒙脱石喷雾剂药物容器的喷嘴置 入鼻腔内, 每个鼻孔每次均为 1-3喷, 每次喷 0. 1- 0. 2亳升, 每日喷 2 4 用蒙脱石滴鼻液预防和治疗感冒的方法是: 将患者鼻腔清理千净, 头 部向后倾斜使鼻孔朝上, 将药物滴入鼻孔, 每个鼻孔均滴 2-3 滴, 每滴 0. 0625亳升, 每日滴 2- 4次, 药液滴入后捏鼻翼数次, 并保持鼻孔朝上 5 分钟, 使药物与鼻腔黏膜充分接触。
蒙脱石在用于预防和治疗感冒中的应用, 其药剂是以滴鼻液和喷雾剂 为主要剂型, 也可做成气雾剂。 各种剂型药物中蒙脱石含量均为每 1 0 0 毫升含蒙脱石 5 - 2 0克。 蒙脱石滴鼻液、 喷雾剂和气雾剂均以蒙脱石为主药, 添加医药辅料, 加水制成每 1 0 0毫升含蒙脱石 5 - 2 0克的蒙脱石滴鼻液、 蒙脱石喷雾 剂或蒙脱石气雾剂。 所用医药辅料均为医用滴鼻液、 喷雾剂或气雾剂常用 辅料。
下面举例说明三种剂型的制备方法 - 实施例 1 制备蒙脱石滴鼻液
称取蒙脱石 50克, 琼脂 5克, 加入去离子水至 1000毫升, 搅拌均匀, 再将搅拌均匀的混合液, 用胶体磨处理成蒙脱石颗粒细度小于 20 μ.π .的均 匀液体, 经钴 6。照射灭菌, 分装即得每 1 0 Q毫升含蒙脱石 5克的蒙脱石 滴鼻液。
实施例 2 制备蒙脱石滴鼻液
称取蒙脱石 100克, 甲基纤维素 10g, 加入生理盐水至 1000毫升, 搅 拌均匀, 再将搅拌均匀的混合液, 超声处理成蒙脱石颗粒细度小于 45 μ ιη 的均匀液体, 经煮沸 15 分钟灭菌后分装即得每 1 G 0毫升含蒙脱石 1 .0 克的蒙脱石滴鼻液。
实施例 3 制备蒙脱石滴鼻液
称取蒙脱石 200克, 加入水至 1000毫升, 搅拌均匀, 经煮沸 20分钟 灭菌后分装即得每 1 Q 0毫升含蒙脱石 20克蒙脱石滴鼻液。 实施例 4 制备蒙脱石喷雾剂
称取蒙脱石 80克, 苯甲酸钠 1. 5克加入水至 1000毫升, 搅拌均匀, 再将搅拌均匀的液体, 用胶体磨处理成蒙脱石颗粒细度小于 ΙΟ μ πι的均 ½ 液体, 经煮沸 20 分钟灭菌后分装于喷瓶, 即得每 1 0 0毫升含蒙脱石 ' 8 克的蒙脱石喷雾剂。
实施例 5 制备蒙脱石气雾剂 称取蒙脱石 150克, 尼泊金 2克加入水至 1000毫升, 搅拌均匀, 再 将搅拌均匀的液体, 用胶体磨处理成蒙脱石颗粒细度小于 ΙΟ μ πι的均匀 体, 经煮沸 20 分钟灭菌后, 分装于容器, 装阀门轧紧, 压入抛射剂, 即 得每 1 Q Q毫升含蒙脱石 15克的蒙脱石气雾剂。

Claims

1、 蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 在制备预防和治疗感 冒药物中的应用, 感冒包括普通感冒和流行性感冒。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 制备预防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石滴鼻液。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 制备预防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石喷雾剂。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 制备预防和治疗感冒的药物剂型是蒙脱石气雾剂。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石滴鼻液中蒙脱石 的含量是 5-20克。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石喷雾剂中蒙脱石 的含量是 5-20克。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的蒙脱石在制备药物中的应用, 其特征在于: 制备预防和治疗感冒的药剂的浓度是, 每 100毫升蒙脱石气雾剂中蒙脱石 的含量是 5-20克。
8、 采用蒙脱石制备喷雾剂和滴鼻液, 用于治疗甲型、 乙型及丙型流 感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。
9、 用蒙脱石喷雾剂预防和治疗感冒的方法是: 将患者鼻腔清理干净, 头部保持与地面垂直或向前倾斜的角度, 将蒙脱石喷雾剂药物容器的喷嘴 置入鼻腔内, 每个鼻孔每次均为 1-3喷, 每次喷 0.1-0.2亳升, 每日喷 2-4 次。
10、用蒙脱石滴鼻液预防和治疗感冒的方法是:将患者鼻腔清理干净, 头部向后倾斜使鼻孔朝上, 将药物滴入鼻孔, 每个鼻孔均滴 2-3滴, 每滴 0.0625亳升, 每日滴 2-4次, 药液滴入后捏鼻翼数次, 并保持鼻孔朝上 5 分钟, 使药物与鼻腔黏膜充分接触。
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