WO2011017855A1 - 铅渣还原炉及铅渣还原工艺 - Google Patents

铅渣还原炉及铅渣还原工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011017855A1
WO2011017855A1 PCT/CN2009/074169 CN2009074169W WO2011017855A1 WO 2011017855 A1 WO2011017855 A1 WO 2011017855A1 CN 2009074169 W CN2009074169 W CN 2009074169W WO 2011017855 A1 WO2011017855 A1 WO 2011017855A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
lead
slag reduction
furnace body
lead slag
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/074169
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆志方
李东波
蒋继穆
张振民
尉克俭
何秋安
邓兆磊
索云峰
李栋
王忠实
桂江
王建铭
刘家楣
崔大韡
何志军
孙富有
Original Assignee
中国恩菲工程技术有限公司
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Application filed by 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司
Priority to AU2009351077A priority Critical patent/AU2009351077B2/en
Publication of WO2011017855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011017855A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lead slag reduction furnace and a lead slag reduction process, in particular to a lead oxidation slag reduction furnace and a lead oxidation slag reduction process.
  • the traditional crude lead smelting processes mainly include QSL method, SKS method, Kivcet method, top-blown immersion melting tank smelting technology (mainly Ausmelt method and ISA method) and Caldo method.
  • the QSL method, the top-blown immersion melting pool smelting technology and the Caldo method are all one-step lead smelting methods.
  • the lead sulfide concentrate is added into the furnace for oxidative smelting to form part of the crude lead and lead oxidized slag, and the lead oxidized slag is continuously reduced in the furnace. Smelting, producing crude lead and final slag.
  • the conventional solution is to use the smelting process of the previous stage process to produce part of the crude lead and lead oxide slag, and the lead oxidized slag is cast into a block and then processed into a blast furnace.
  • the temperature of the blast furnace is very low, so the smoke rate is lower than the reduction section of the above process.
  • the blast furnace lead smelting cannot use the enthalpy of lead oxidized slag, and the lead oxidized slag ingot requires the use of a slag slag machine, which increases equipment investment and power consumption, increases the floor space, and requires expensive blocks for the reduction process.
  • Metallurgical coke is used as a reducing agent, so the use of blast furnace for lead leaching is energy-intensive and costly.
  • Chinese patent application CN101086038A "Method and device for direct smelting lead in molten pool smelting" describes a direct reduction method and device for liquid lead oxidized slag.
  • the method uses a bottom blowing pool reduction furnace, and sprays oxygen, natural gas or oxygen gas from the bottom of the reduction furnace with a spray gun into the furnace melt, and simultaneously adds carbon particles to the upper feeding port of the reduction furnace, and finally produces Raw lead, smoke and final slag.
  • the method is basically equivalent to the reduction section of the QSL method, except that the reducing agent is different.
  • the problem of heat utilization of lead oxide slag is solved, the large amount of heat energy required for the reduction reaction in the furnace depends on burning natural gas or Gas is obtained.
  • the present invention aims to at least solve one of the above technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a lead slag reduction in which the amount of required coal is small, the amount of flue gas is small, the smoke rate is low, the lead recovery rate is high, the energy consumption is low, the cost is low, and the comprehensive economic and technical indicators are excellent. furnace.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a lead slag reduction process which requires less coal, less flue gas, low smoke rate, high lead recovery rate, low energy consumption, low cost, and excellent comprehensive economic and technical indicators.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a lead slag reduction furnace, comprising: a furnace body defining a furnace and having a feeding port, a lead outlet, a slag discharge port, a vent opening, and a furnace body a top electrode socket, a smoke outlet, and a pulverized coal gun jack disposed at the bottom of the furnace body; a support for supporting the furnace body; a pulverized coal lance, the pulverized coal lance being inserted into the pulverized coal lance to be placed in the furnace The powder is injected into the pulverized coal; and the electrode is inserted into the furnace through the electrode socket to heat the material in the furnace.
  • the lead slag reduction furnace uses pulverized coal as a reducing agent to reduce the cost, and reduces the lead content in the waste slag by electrothermal depletion, and simultaneously raises the melt temperature by electroheating, and sprays the pulverized coal.
  • the feed port includes a first feed port for adding molten lead slag into the furnace and a second feed port for adding solid material to the furnace.
  • the solid material includes, for example, a flux, coke particles or lump coal.
  • the fixed material may also include a secondary lead material for reducing lead in the secondary lead material.
  • the furnace body is a horizontal cylindrical container.
  • the furnace body is supported obliquely on the support along its longitudinal axis, and the end of the furnace body where the outlet opening is located is lower than the other end of the furnace body.
  • the refractory layer in the furnace body is provided with a certain slope along the longitudinal direction of the furnace body, and the thickness of the refractory layer at one end of the outlet is smaller than the thickness of the refractory layer at the other end.
  • the outlet and the slag outlet are respectively located at opposite ends of the furnace body. Thereby, it is possible to avoid the mutual influence of the discharge of the crude lead and the discharge of the waste slag.
  • the outlet and the slag outlet may be located at the same end of the furnace body.
  • the furnace body is rotatably supported on the support, and the lead slag reduction furnace further includes a drive for driving the furnace body to rotate about its longitudinal axis. By rotating the furnace body, it is easy to replace the operation of the pulverized coal lance.
  • the furnace body further includes a secondary tuyere for blowing air into the upper portion of the furnace.
  • Air is blown into the upper part of the furnace through the secondary air vent, and the oxygen in the air can react with carbon monoxide in the upper part of the furnace to produce carbon dioxide, thereby avoiding the explosion of the rear equipment.
  • the furnace body further includes a reheat burner port for inserting the reheating device and a main burner port for inserting the main burner.
  • the heat supply device inserted into the heat-reducing burner mouth can be used to assist the inside of the furnace, so that the molten lead slag added to the furnace can be quickly heated to facilitate the reduction reaction.
  • the main burner inserted into the main burner port is used when the furnace is opened.
  • the pulverized coal lance is a casing structure and is further used to inject air and/or nitrogen into the furnace.
  • pulverized coal, air and/or nitrogen are sprayed into the furnace at the same time.
  • the oxygen can react with the pulverized coal to form carbon monoxide as a reducing agent, and the nitrogen is used to cool the pulverized coal lance and is used for the furnace.
  • the melt inside is agitated to promote the reduction reaction.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a lead slag reduction process comprising the steps of: adding a flux and molten lead slag to a furnace of a lead slag reduction furnace; heating the material in the furnace by an electrode; from the bottom of the lead slag reduction furnace The pulverized coal is sprayed into the furnace; and the crude lead, the waste slag and the flue gas are respectively discharged from the lead outlet, the slag discharge port and the outlet.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to the embodiment of the present invention is heated by electrodes, so that the amount of pulverized coal is small, and the lead content in the waste slag is reduced by electrothermal depletion, and the consumption of pulverized coal is small, so that the amount of flue gas is reduced and the soot rate is lowered.
  • the direct yield and total recovery rate of lead are increased, and the heat taken away by the flue gas is small, achieving energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the bottom surface of the furnace is inclined along the longitudinal direction of the furnace body.
  • the bottom surface of the furnace By forming the bottom surface of the furnace to be inclined in the longitudinal direction of the furnace body, the same effect as the inclined support of the furnace body on the support can be achieved.
  • the thickness of the refractory layer in the furnace body can be made different to achieve the inclination of the bottom surface of the furnace.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention may further comprise adding a solid reducing agent to the furnace.
  • the solid reducing agent can be, for example, coke granules or lump coal.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include blowing air into the upper portion of the furnace. Thereby, carbon monoxide in the flue gas in the upper part of the furnace reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide, thereby eliminating damage to the subsequent equipment.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include recovering waste heat in the flue gas. Thereby, the waste heat in the flue gas can be recycled, and the circular economy benefit is realized.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include recovering lead in the flue gas. Since a part of lead is discharged with flue gas in the form of lead vapor or lead oxide vapor, it is recovered in subsequent electric dust removal, and the recovery of lead dust in the flue gas can further improve the lead recovery rate.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include blowing air and/or nitrogen into the furnace together with the pulverized coal from the bottom of the lead slag reduction furnace.
  • the oxygen injected into the air can react with the pulverized coal to form carbon monoxide, and the nitrogen can cool the pulverized coal.
  • the spray gun stirs the melt in the furnace to further promote the reduction reaction and increase the reduction rate of lead.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lead slag reduction furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a right side view of the lead slag reduction furnace shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a left side view of the lead slag reduction furnace shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view showing a driving device and a holder of the lead slag reduction furnace shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a lead slag reduction furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a lead slag reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a lead slag reduction process according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a lead slag reduction furnace includes a furnace body 1, a support 4, a pulverized coal lance 6, and an electrode 7.
  • the lead slag reduction furnace of the present invention can be used for treating lead slag, such as high lead oxidized slag having a lead content of 25% to 45%. It is to be noted that since the lead slag reduction furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with the electrode 7, it is also possible to treat the lead-containing secondary material, and the lead oxide ore. In other words, the lead slag reduction furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for lead smelting without being limited to the treatment of lead slag.
  • the furnace body 1 is a horizontal cylindrical container, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the inside of the furnace body 1 defines a furnace, wherein the lower portion of the furnace constitutes a molten pool.
  • the furnace body 1 is formed with a feeding port, a lead outlet port 12, a slag discharge port 13, a venting port 18, and a furnace body 1
  • the top electrode receptacle 17, the outlet port 14, and the pulverized coal lance jack 16 are formed in the bottom of the furnace body.
  • the feed port is used to add material to the furnace, such as molten lead slag, flux (e.g., quartz stone, limestone, etc.), solid reducing agent (e.g., coke granules or lump coal), or other materials.
  • material such as molten lead slag, flux (e.g., quartz stone, limestone, etc.), solid reducing agent (e.g., coke granules or lump coal), or other materials.
  • the feed port 11 includes a first feed port 111 and a second feed port 112, and the first feed port 111 is provided at an upper end of the furnace body 1 (the left end in FIGS. 1 and 5) for The molten lead slag is added to the furnace, and the second feeding port 112 is disposed in a substantially central portion of the furnace body, for example, between the first feeding port 111 and the electrode insertion hole 17, for adding solid materials such as flux, coke particles or blocks into the furnace. Coal, whereby the addition of molten lead slag and solid materials does not affect each other.
  • the furnace body 1 is also formed with a heat-retaining burner port 20 and a main burner port.
  • the hot burner port 20 is for inserting a heat supplement device (not shown), such as a heat-reinforcing burner, to assist in heating the material in the furnace to rapidly increase the temperature of the molten lead slag added to the furnace, for example from It is raised from about 950 to 1000 degrees Celsius to about 1200 to 1250 degrees Celsius.
  • a heat supplement device such as a heat-reinforcing burner
  • the heat-retaining burner port 20 is located on the end surface of one end of the furnace body 1 adjacent to the first supply port 111. Since the molten lead slag is introduced into the furnace from the first supply port 111, and the electrode 7 inserted into the furnace is relatively far from here, the heat-removing burner port 20 is disposed relatively close to the first supply port 111.
  • the main burner port 19 is for insertion into a main burner (not shown) for rapidly increasing the temperature inside the furnace when the furnace is opened.
  • the lead outlet 12 is used to discharge the crude lead recovered from the furnace.
  • the slag port 13 is used to discharge the waste slag.
  • the outlet port 12 is, for example, a siphon outlet, and may be formed at the opposite ends of the furnace 1 with the slag port 13 as shown in FIG. 1, that is, the outlet port 12 is located at one end of the furnace body 1 adjacent to the feed port, and The slag opening 13 is formed at the opposite end.
  • the outlet port 12 and the slag discharge port 13 are formed at the same end of the furnace body 1.
  • the slag discharge port 13 should be higher than the lead discharge port 12.
  • the venting opening 18 is formed at the bottom of the furnace body 1. If the furnace body 1 is rotatably supported on the support 4 (to be described later), the venting opening 18 is located at the bottom of the furnace body when the furnace body 1 is rotated to an angle at which the pulverized coal lance 6 can be taken out. When the reduction furnace is repaired, the lead and waste in the furnace can be drained.
  • a smoke outlet 14 is formed at the top of the furnace body 1, for example adjacent to the first feed port 111, for discharging flue gas generated in the furnace.
  • the outlet 14 can be connected to a waste heat boiler (not shown) for recovering waste heat from the flue gas, and the lead dust in the flue gas can be recovered by the dust collection system.
  • the furnace body 1 is further formed with a secondary air outlet 15 through which air can be blown into the upper part of the furnace (i.e., above the molten pool), oxygen in the air and the upper part of the furnace
  • the carbon monoxide reaction produces carbon dioxide, which reduces damage to back equipment such as electrostatic precipitators.
  • the furnace body 1 is supported on a support 4.
  • the furnace body 1 is obliquely supported by two seats 4 spaced apart in the axial direction of the furnace body 1, and one end of the outlet opening 12 is formed lower than the furnace body 1 One end.
  • the angle between the axis of the furnace body 1 and the horizontal direction may be in the range of 0.5 to 5 degrees.
  • the refractory layer in the furnace body 1 is provided with a certain slope along the longitudinal direction of the furnace body, and the thickness of the refractory layer at one end of the outlet is smaller than the thickness of the refractory layer at the other end.
  • the thick lead which sinks underneath gathers at the one end of the furnace body 1, so that the crude lead is more easily discharged from the outlet port 12, which reduces the amount of slag which is contained in the coarse lead and improves the grade of the crude lead.
  • the furnace body 1 is rotatably supported on the support 4,
  • the drive unit 5 drives the furnace body 1 to rotate about its longitudinal axis.
  • the rack 3 and the bracket 2 are circumferentially provided on the outer peripheral surface of the furnace body.
  • a support ring 2 is provided at each end of the furnace body 1, and the support ring 2 is rotatably supported on the support 4, and the rack 3 is connected to the drive unit 5 to be driven by the drive unit 5 to rotate the furnace body 1.
  • each of the holders 4 includes a substrate 41, a support base 42, a center support roller 45, and two side support rollers 43, 44.
  • Two support members 42 are mounted obliquely to the furnace body 1 on both sides of the substrate 41, respectively.
  • the center support roller 45 is mounted to the support base 42.
  • Two side support rollers 43, 44 are respectively mounted on the support base 42 and respectively located on the upper sides of the center support roller 45, and the two side support rollers 43, 44 are in contact with the center support roller 45 and the support ring 2, respectively.
  • the driving device 5 can be in any suitable form.
  • the driving device 5 includes a motor 51, a speed reducer 52 and a gear 53 that mesh with the rack 3 so as to drive the teeth.
  • the strip 3 drives the furnace body 1 to rotate.
  • three electrode insertion holes 17 are provided at the top of the furnace body 1 and located substantially at the intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the furnace body 1. In FIGS. 1 and 5, the three electrode insertion holes 17 are formed closer together.
  • One end of the slag discharge port 13 is provided.
  • the electrode 7 is inserted into the furnace body 1 through the electrode insertion hole 17, and the electrode 7 is electrically heated to maintain the temperature in the furnace and to provide heat required for the reaction, such as heat required for melting and reducing the reaction.
  • the pulverized coal lance jack 16 is located at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the pulverized coal lance 6 is inserted into the pulverized coal lance jack 16 to inject pulverized coal into the furnace.
  • compressed coal can be used to spray the pulverized coal into the furnace.
  • the pulverized coal lance 6 is a casing structure, so that the pulverized coal lance 6 can also inject air and/or nitrogen into the furnace.
  • Oxygen in the air reacts with the pulverized coal to form carbon monoxide, which participates in the reduction reaction and reduces the lead in the lead slag. (Of course, a small portion of the pulverized coal may also react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.)
  • Nitrogen is used to cool the pulverized coal lance 6 while agitating the molten lead slag in the furnace to promote the reduction reaction.
  • the pulverized coal is mainly used as a reducing agent, so that the amount of the pulverized coal can be reduced, and most of the pulverized coal is used as a reducing agent, thereby generating smoke and The amount of soot is reduced, the soot rate is lowered, and the direct yield and total recovery of lead are improved.
  • the use of pulverized coal as a reducing agent further reduces costs compared to natural gas and gas.
  • pulverized coal is mainly used as a reducing agent, most of the pulverized coal participates in the reduction reaction, and therefore, the reduction reaction is sufficient, which is advantageous for reducing the lead content in the waste slag.
  • the lead slag can be electrothermally depleted, thereby further reducing the lead content in the waste slag.
  • the lead slag reduction furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can be connected to a lead smelting furnace such as an oxygen bottom blowing lead furnace, and the lead slag which produces one crude lead can be directly added into the furnace of the furnace body 1 through, for example, a chute, thereby eliminating the need for The reduction of the blast furnace requires the cooling and ingot of the lead slag.
  • the lead slag reduction furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for processing since the electrode 7 is provided and the temperature required to maintain the temperature in the furnace and the heat required to provide the reduction reaction are mainly achieved by the heating of the electrode 7. Lead oxide ore and other lead oxide materials, not limited to the treatment of lead slag.
  • materials such as molten lead slag and flux (e.g., quartz stone, limestone, etc.) are added to the furnace of the lead slag reduction furnace through the first feed port 111 and the second feed port 112, respectively.
  • molten lead slag and flux e.g., quartz stone, limestone, etc.
  • Electrode 7 is energized to maintain the temperature within the furnace and to provide the heat required for the reduction reaction, such as the heat required to melt and reduce the flux. Further, the inside of the furnace is additionally heated by the heat-recovering means to rapidly increase the temperature of the molten lead slag.
  • pulverized coal is sprayed from the bottom of the furnace body 1 into the furnace through the pulverized coal lance 6. The majority of the injected pulverized coal is used as a reducing agent, wherein the pulverized coal can react with oxygen to form carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide then reduces the lead in the lead slag, and the reduced lead is deposited at the bottom of the furnace body to reduce lead. The waste slag floats above the crude lead.
  • the lead, the slag port 13, and the outlet port 14 are respectively discharged through the lead port 12, the slag port 14, and the flue gas.
  • the furnace can be shut down, and the furnace body 1 is rotated by the driving device 5 within a range of 90 degrees, and all the melt inside the furnace sump is drained from the slag discharging port 18, thereby Easy to replace the pulverized coal gun and maintenance operations. If only the pulverized coal blasting gun 6 is replaced, it is only necessary to rotate the furnace body 1 by 90 degrees, and it is not necessary to evacuate the melt in the furnace.
  • the waste heat of the flue gas is recovered by the waste heat boiler, thereby improving the utilization rate of the heat energy and contributing to the economic benefits of recycling.
  • the lead dust is finally recovered by the dust collecting system, and the total lead recovery rate is further improved.
  • the pulverized coal is mainly used as a reducing agent, and is not used for supplying heat to the inside of the furnace, so that the amount of pulverized coal is reduced, and The amount of smoke and the amount of smoke are reduced, the smoke rate is reduced, and the direct yield and total recovery of lead are improved.
  • the use of pulverized coal further reduces costs compared to the use of natural gas or gas.
  • a solid reducing agent such as coke granules or lump coal.
  • the lead slag reduction process according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the treatment of lead slag, and may also treat lead oxide ore and other lead oxide materials.
  • the pulverized coal is mainly used as a reducing agent, which can reduce the pulverized coal.
  • the amount of flue gas and soot is reduced, the soot rate is lowered, the direct yield and total recovery of lead are increased, and the lead content in the waste residue is low, for example, the lead content in the waste residue can be less than 2.5%.
  • the cost of using pulverized coal is further reduced compared to the use of natural gas or gas.

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Description

铅渣还原炉及铅渣还原工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铅渣还原炉及铅渣还原工艺， 尤其是涉及一种铅氧化 渣还原炉及铅氧化渣还原工艺。 背景技术
传统的粗铅冶炼工艺主要有 QSL法、 SKS法、 Kivcet法、 顶吹浸没熔 池熔炼技术（主要为 Ausmelt法和 ISA法 )和卡尔多法。 QSL法、 顶吹浸 没熔池熔炼技术和卡尔多法均为一步炼铅法， 硫化铅精矿加入炉内进行氧 化熔炼， 生成部分粗铅和铅氧化渣， 铅氧化渣在炉内继续进行还原熔炼， 产出粗铅和终渣。 QSL法和卡尔多法均已实现了工业应用， 但其在还原阶 段的烟尘率高达 30%-35%, 造成了大量的铅在系统中循环， 经济指标差。 Ausmelt一炉两段的操作方式已经被证明不是很成功，主要问题也是还原段 烟尘率高。 Kivcet法属于悬浮熔炼过程， 闪速炼铅法， 除烟尘率高外， 还 要求极其严格的物料预处理， 单位产能投资相对最高。
针对上述问题， 传统解决方法为利用前段工艺的熔炼过程， 产出部分 粗铅和铅氧化渣， 铅氧化渣铸成块后进鼓风炉处理。 鼓风炉的离炉烟气温 度很低， 因此烟尘率低于上述工艺的还原段。 但是， 鼓风炉炼铅无法利用 铅氧化渣的热焓， 铅氧化渣铸块需使用铸渣机， 增大了设备投资和动力消 耗， 增加了占地面积， 且还原过程需使用价格昂贵的块状冶金焦炭作为还 原剂， 因此使用鼓风炉炼铅能耗大， 成本高。
中国专利申请 CN101086038A "熔池熔炼直接炼铅的方法及装置 "描述 了一种液态铅氧化渣直接还原方法及装置。 该法釆用底吹熔池还原炉， 从 还原炉底部或底侧部用喷枪向炉内熔体中喷入氧气一天然气或氧气一煤 气， 同时在还原炉上部加料口加入炭粒， 最终产出粗铅、 烟气和终渣。 该 方法基本等同于 QSL法的还原段， 只是还原剂不同， 虽然解决了铅氧化渣 的热焓利用问题， 但是炉内还原反应所需大量热能等均要靠燃烧天然气或 煤气获得。 因此所需天然气或煤气量大， 天然气和煤气价格相对昂贵， 因 此成本高。 此外， 产生的烟气量大， 烟尘率高， 铅的直收率低， 回收效果 差， 高温烟气带走的热量多， 能耗相应增加， 回收这部分余热的基建投资 相对较高， 造成了浪费。 发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题之一。
为此， 本发明的一个目的在于提出一种所需粉煤量少、 烟气量小、 烟 尘率低、 铅的回收率高、 能耗低、 成本低、 综合经济技术指标优的铅渣还 原炉。
本发明的再一个目的在于提出一种所需粉煤量少、 烟气量小、 烟尘率 低、 铅回收率高、 能耗低、 成本低、 综合经济技术指标优的铅渣还原工艺。
为了实现上述目的， 本发明的一方面提出一种铅渣还原炉， 包括： 炉 体， 所述炉体限定了炉膛且具有加料口、 出铅口、 放渣口、 放空口、 设在 炉体顶部的电极插孔、 出烟口、 和设在炉体底部的粉煤喷枪插孔； 支承炉 体的支座； 粉煤喷枪， 所述粉煤喷枪插入到粉煤喷枪插孔内以向炉膛内喷 入粉煤； 和电极， 电极通过电极插孔插入到炉膛内以加热炉膛内的物料。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原炉，使用粉煤作为还原剂， 降低了成本， 而且通过电热贫化， 降低了弃渣中的铅含量， 同时通过电热提升熔体温度， 喷入的粉煤主要用作还原剂， 不作提升炉温用， 因此减少了粉煤的用量， 从而烟气和烟尘量减少， 烟尘率降低， 提高了铅的直收率和总回收率， 弃 渣中的铅含量低。 由于烟气量少， 带走的热量少， 余热回收设施投资相应 减少， 粉煤用量降低， 降低了成本。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原炉还具有如下附加技术特征：
所述加料口包括用于向炉膛内加入熔融铅渣的第一加料口和用于向炉 膛内加入固体物料的第二加料口。
所述固体物料例如包括熔剂、 焦炭颗粒或块煤。 此外， 固定物料也可 以包括二次铅物料， 用于还原出二次铅物料中的铅。 通过将加料口分为用于加入熔融铅渣的第一加料口和用于加入固体物 料的第二加料口， 熔融铅渣与固体物料的加入彼此不相互影响， 更加方便 操作。
所述炉体为卧式圓筒形容器。
所述炉体沿其纵轴向倾斜地支撑在所述支座上， 且所述出铅口所在的 炉体一端低于炉体的另一端。
所述炉体内的耐火材料层沿着炉体纵向设有一定的坡度， 且所述出铅 口一端的耐火材料层的厚度小于另一端耐火材料层的厚度。
通过倾斜地支撑炉体且出铅口位于低的一端， 或者使耐火材料层沿炉 体纵向设置成一定坡度， 因此更容易排出粗铅， 且粗铅中的弃渣含量降低。
所述出铅口和放渣口分别位于炉体的相对两端。 由此， 可以避免粗铅 的排放和弃渣的排放相互影响。
可选地， 所述出铅口和放渣口可以位于炉体的同一端。
所述炉体可转动地支撑在所述支座上， 且所述铅渣还原炉进一步包括 用于驱动炉体绕其纵向轴线转动的驱动装置。 通过转动炉体， 可以便于更 换粉煤喷枪等操作。
所述炉体进一步包括用于向炉膛上部鼓入空气的二次风口。
通过二次风口向炉膛上部鼓入空气， 空气中的氧气能够与炉膛上部烟 气中的一氧化碳反应生产二氧化碳， 避免对后面设备造成爆炸的危害。
所述炉体进一步包括用于插入补热装置的补热烧嘴口和用于插入主燃 烧器的主燃烧器口。
通过插入补热烧嘴口的补热装置可以对炉膛内辅助地加热， 从而能够 快速地将加入到炉膛内的熔融铅渣提高温度， 便于还原反应。 插入主燃烧 器口的主燃烧器在开炉时使用。
所述粉煤喷枪为套管结构且进一步用于向炉膛内喷入空气和 /或氮气。 通过套管结构的粉煤喷枪， 同时向炉膛内喷入粉煤， 空气和 /或氮气， 氧气 可以与粉煤反应生成一氧化碳， 作为还原剂， 而氮气用于冷却粉煤喷枪并 且用于对炉膛内的熔体进行搅动， 从而促进还原反应。 本发明的另一方面提出一种铅渣还原工艺， 包括以下步骤： 将熔剂和 熔融铅渣加入到铅渣还原炉的炉膛内； 利用电极加热炉膛内的物料； 从铅 渣还原炉的底部向炉内喷入粉煤； 和从出铅口、 放渣口、 出烟口分别排出 粗铅、 弃渣和烟气。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺通过电极加热， 从而粉煤用量少， 通过电热贫化， 降低了弃渣中的铅含量， 粉煤消耗少， 从而烟气量减少， 烟尘率降低， 提高了铅的直收率和总回收率， 烟气带走的热量少， 实现了 节能减排。
所述炉膛的底面沿炉体的纵向倾斜。
通过将炉膛的底面形成为沿炉体纵向方向倾斜， 可以实现与炉体倾斜 支撑在支座上相同的效果。 例如， 可以使炉体内的耐火材料层的厚度不同 来实现炉膛底面的倾斜。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺可以进一步包括向炉膛内加入固体 还原剂。
通过加入固体还原剂， 结合电极加热， 进行电热贫化， 促进还原反应， 能够进一步降低弃渣中的铅含量。
所述固体还原剂例如可以是焦炭颗粒或块煤。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺可以进一步包括向炉膛的上部鼓入 空气。 从而使得炉膛上部烟气中的一氧化碳与空气中的氧气反应生产二氧 化碳， 消除对后面设备的损害。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺可以进一步包括回收烟气中的余 热。 由此， 能够循环利用烟气中的余热， 实现了循环经济效益。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺可以进一步包括回收烟气中的铅。 由于一部分铅以铅蒸汽或氧化铅蒸汽的形式随烟气排出， 在后续电除尘中 予以回收， 回收烟气中的铅尘能够进一步提高铅的回收率。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺可以进一步包括从铅渣还原炉的底 部与粉煤一起向炉膛内鼓入空气和 /或氮气。
喷入空气中的氧气可以与粉煤反应生成一氧化碳， 氮气可以冷却粉煤 喷枪， 搅动炉膛内的熔体， 进一步促进还原反应， 提高铅的还原率。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出， 部分将从下面 的描述中变得明显， 或通过本发明的实践了解到。 附图说明
本发明的上述和 /或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描 述中将变得明显和容易理解， 其中：
图 1是根据本发明一个实施例的铅渣还原炉的示意图；
图 2是图 1所示铅渣还原炉的右视图；
图 3是图 1所示铅渣还原炉左视图；
图 4是图 1所示铅渣还原炉的驱动装置和一个支座的俯视图； 图 5是根据本发明一个实施例的铅渣还原炉的示意图；
图 6是根据本发明一个实施例的铅渣还原工艺的流程示意图； 图 7是根据本发明另一个实施例的铅渣还原工艺的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的， 仅用于解释本发明， 而 不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参考图 1 - 4描述根据本发明一个实施例的铅渣还原炉。
如图 1所示，根据本发明一个实施例的铅渣还原炉包括炉体 1、支座 4、 粉煤喷枪 6和电极 7。 本发明的铅渣还原炉可以用于处理铅渣， 例如铅含 量为 25 % -45 %的高铅氧化渣。需要说明的是， 由于根据本发明实施例的铅 渣还原炉设置了电极 7 , 因此也可以处理含铅二次物料， 以及氧化铅矿。 换而言之， 根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原炉可以用于炼铅而不局限于处理 铅渣。
如图 1-4所示， 在此示例中， 炉体 1为卧式圓筒形容器， 但本发明并 不限于此。 炉体 1的内部限定了炉膛， 其中炉膛的下部构成熔池。
炉体 1形成有加料口、 出铅口 12、 放渣口 13、 放空口 18、 位于炉体 1 顶部的电极插孔 17、 出烟口 14、 和粉煤喷枪插孔 16 , 其中粉煤喷枪插孔 16形成在炉体的底部。
加料口用于向炉膛内添加物料，所述物料例如包括熔融铅渣，熔剂（例 如石英石， 石灰石等）， 固体还原剂 （如焦炭颗粒或块煤）， 或其他物料。
在本发明进一步的示例中，加料口 11包括第一加料口 111和第二加料 口 112, 第一加料口 111设在炉体 1的一端（图 1和 5中的左端）上部， 用 于向炉膛内加入熔融铅渣， 第二加料口 112设在炉体的大体中部， 例如第 一加料口 111与电极插孔 17之间， 用于向炉膛内加入固体物料， 如熔剂、 焦炭颗粒或块煤， 由此熔融铅渣和固体物料的加入不相互影响。
在本发明的一个示例中，炉体 1还形成有补热烧嘴口 20和主燃烧器口
19。 补热烧嘴口 20用于插入补热装置 （未示出）， 例如补热烧嘴， 从而辅 助地加热炉膛内的物料， 以迅速地提高加入到炉膛内的熔融铅渣的温度， 例如从大约 950 ~ 1000摄氏度提高到大约 1200 ~ 1250摄氏度。如图 1所示， 补热烧嘴口 20位于与第一加料口 111相邻的炉体 1一端的端面上。由于熔 融铅渣从第一加料口 111加入到炉膛内， 并且这里距离插入到炉膛内的电 极 7相对较远， 因此补热烧嘴口 20设置的与第一加料口 111相对较近。
主燃烧器口 19用于插入主燃烧器（未示出）， 主燃烧器用于在开炉时 快速地提高炉膛内部的温度。
如图 1-3所示， 出铅口 12用于放出炉膛内还原出来的粗铅。放渣口 13 用于放出弃渣。 出铅口 12例如为虹吸出铅口， 可以与放渣口 13形成在炉 膛 1的相对两端， 如图 1所示， 即出铅口 12位于与加料口相邻的炉体 1一 端，而放渣口 13形成在相对的另一端。可选地，根据本发明的另一实施例， 如图 5所示， 出铅口 12与放渣口 13形成在炉体 1的同一端。 当然， 无论 出铅口 12与放渣口 13是形成在炉体 1的同一端或相对端，放渣口 13应高 于放铅口 12。
如图 3所示， 如果炉体 1固定地支撑在支座 4上，放空口 18形成在炉 体 1的底部。 如果炉体 1可旋转地支撑在支座 4上（下面将会描述 ), 则放 空口 18位于在炉体 1旋转到能够取出粉煤喷枪 6的角度时的炉体底部，由 此在维修还原炉时， 可以排空炉膛内的铅和弃渣。
如图 1和 5所示， 出烟口 14形成在炉体 1的顶部， 例如与第一加料口 111相邻， 用于排出炉膛内产生的烟气。 出烟口 14可以与余热锅炉 （未示 出）相连， 用于回收烟气中的余热， 烟气中的铅尘可以利用收尘系统回收。
如图 1和 2所示， 可选地， 炉体 1还形成有二次风口 15 , 通过二次风 口 15可以向炉膛上部（即熔池的上面）鼓入空气， 空气中的氧气与炉膛上 部的一氧化碳反应生成二氧化碳， 减少对后面设备（如电除尘器）的损害。
炉体 1支撑在支座 4上。 在本发明的一个可选示例中， 炉体 1由沿炉 体 1的轴向方向间隔开的两个支座 4倾斜地支撑，且形成有出铅口 12的一 端低于炉体 1的另一端。例如，炉体 1的轴线与水平方向的夹角可以在 0.5-5 度的范围内。 可选地， 炉体 1 内的耐火材料层沿着炉体的纵向设有一定的 坡度， 且所述出铅口所在的一端的耐火材料层的厚度小于另一端耐火材料 层的厚度。
由此， 沉在下面的粗铅聚集在炉体 1的所述一端， 从而粗铅更加容易 的从出铅口 12排出， 减少了粗铅中夹杂的弃渣量， 提高粗铅品位。
如图 1 - 4所示， 为了使炉体 1绕其轴线旋转从而便于更换粉煤喷枪 6 以及维修等操作， 在本发明的一个示例中， 炉体 1可旋转地支撑在支座 4 上， 驱动装置 5驱动炉体 1绕其纵向轴线转动。 相应地， 在炉体的外周表 面上沿周向设有齿条 3和托圈 2。
在炉体 1的两端分别设置有一个托圈 2,托圈 2可旋转地支撑在支座 4 上， 齿条 3与驱动装置 5相连以便由驱动装置 5驱动从而旋转炉体 1。
如图 1-4所示， 每个支座 4均包括基板 41、 支撑座 42、 中心支撑辊 45 和两个侧部支撑辊 43 , 44。 两个支撑 42座分别朝向炉体 1倾斜地安装在 基板 41的两侧。 中心支撑辊 45安装在支撑座 42。 两个侧部支撑辊 43 , 44 分别安装在支撑座 42上并且分别位于中心支撑辊 45的上方两侧， 两个侧 部支撑辊 43 , 44分别与中心支撑辊 45和托圈 2接触。
驱动装置 5可以为任何合适的形式， 例如， 如图 4所示， 驱动装置 5 包括电机 51、 减速器 52和齿轮 53 , 齿轮与齿条 3啮合， 从而通过驱动齿 条 3驱动炉体 1转动。
如图 1和 5所示，三个电极插孔 17设在炉体 1的顶部且沿炉体 1的纵 向位于大体中间部位， 在图 1和图 5中， 三个电极插孔 17更靠近形成了放 渣口 13的一端。 电极 7通过电极插孔 17插入炉体 1内 , 电极 7通电加热 用于维持炉膛内的温度以及提供反应所需的热量， 例如熔剂熔化和还原反 应所需的热量。
粉煤喷枪插孔 16设在炉体 1 的底部， 粉煤喷枪 6插入粉煤喷枪插孔 16内，以向炉膛内喷入粉煤，例如可以利用压缩空气将粉煤喷入到炉膛内。 可选地， 粉煤喷枪 6为套管结构， 从而粉煤喷枪 6还可以向炉膛内喷入空 气和 /或氮气。 空气中的氧气可以与粉煤反应生成一氧化碳， 一氧化碳参与 还原反应， 还原出铅渣中的铅。 （当然， 少部分的粉煤也可能与氧气反应生 成二氧化碳。） 氮气用于冷却粉煤喷枪 6 , 同时搅动炉膛内的熔融铅渣， 以 促进还原反应。
由于保持炉膛内的温度及提供还原反应所需的热量主要靠电极 7加热 实现， 粉煤主要用作还原剂， 因此能够减少粉煤的用量， 粉煤大部分用作 还原剂， 从而烟气和烟尘量减少， 烟尘率降低， 提高了铅的直收率和总回 收率。 同时， 由于烟气量少， 带走的热量少， 耗电量和粉煤用量降低， 降 低了成本。 使用粉煤用作还原剂， 与天然气和煤气相比， 成本进一步降低。
而且， 由于粉煤的主要用作还原剂， 绝大部分粉煤参与还原反应， 因 此， 还原反应充分， 有利于降低了弃渣中的铅含量。
此外， 如果另外加入块煤或焦炭颗粒， 结合电极 7加热， 能够对铅渣 进行电热贫化， 从而进一步降低弃渣中的铅含量。
根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原炉可以与铅熔炼炉如氧气底吹炼铅炉相 接， 产出一次粗铅的铅渣可以直接例如通过溜槽加入到炉体 1的炉膛内， 从而无需像鼓风炉还原一样需要铅渣的冷却和铸块。 然而， 需要说明的是， 由于设置了电极 7 , 并且维持炉膛内的温度和提供还原反应所需的热量主 要是靠电极 7加热实现， 因此根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原炉可以用于处 理氧化铅矿及其他氧化铅物料， 而不限于处理铅渣。 下面参考图 6描述根据本发明一个实施例的利用上述铅渣还原炉进行 铅渣还原的工艺。
如图 6所示， 分别通过第一加料口 111和第二加料口 112向铅渣还原 炉的炉膛内加入物料， 如熔融铅渣和熔剂 （例如石英石， 石灰石等）。
电极 7通电供热， 以便维持炉膛内的温度以及提供还原反应所需的热 量， 例如熔剂熔化和还原反应所需的热量。 此外， 利用补热装置辅助地加 热炉膛内部， 以快速地提高熔融铅渣的温度。 同时， 通过粉煤喷枪 6从炉 体 1的底部向炉膛内喷入粉煤。 喷入的绝大部分的粉煤用作还原剂， 其中 粉煤可以与氧气反应生成一氧化碳， 一氧化碳再将铅渣中的铅还原出来， 被还原出的铅沉在炉体的底部， 还原出铅的弃渣浮在粗铅的上方。
接着， 通过出铅口 12、 放渣口 13、 出烟口 14分别排出粗铅、 弃渣和 烟气。
当经过一段时间使用后需要更换粉煤喷枪 6或维修时， 可以停炉， 并 且通过驱动装置 5在 90度的范围内旋转炉体 1 , 从放渣口 18排空炉膛内 部所有熔体， 从而便于更换粉煤喷枪和维修操作。 如果仅更换粉煤喷枪 6 , 只需将炉体 1旋转 90度， 不必排空炉膛内熔体。
由于排出的烟气温度高， 因此接下来利用余热锅炉回收烟气的余热， 从而提高了热能利用率， 有利于发挥循环经济效益。 此外， 由于一部分铅 以铅蒸汽的形式进入烟气， 因此， 最后利用收尘系统回收其中的铅尘， 进 一步提高铅的总回收率。
由于维持炉膛内的温度以及提供还原反应所需的热量主要靠电极 7加 热实现， 粉煤主要用作还原剂， 而不用于为燃料供炉膛内部所需的热能， 因此粉煤的用量减少， 而且烟气量和烟尘量减少， 烟尘率降低， 提高了铅 的直收率和总回收率。 同时， 由于烟气量少， 带走的热量少， 耗电量和粉 煤用量降低， 降低了成本。 并且与使用天然气或煤气相比， 使用粉煤进一 步降低了成本。
下面参考图 7描述根据本发明另一实施例的铅渣还原工艺。
如图 7所示， 除了向铅渣还原炉内加入熔融铅渣和熔剂， 还同时加入 固体还原剂， 例如焦炭颗粒或块煤。 通过向炉膛内加入固体还原剂， 结合 电极加热， 能够进行电热贫化， 进一步提高铅的回收率。
此外， 与粉煤一起向铅渣还原炉内喷入空气和氮气， 空气中的氧气与 粉煤反应生成一氧化碳， 生成的一氧化碳参与还原反应， 从而促进还原反 应， 氮气用于冷却粉煤喷枪 6 , 同时对铅渣具有搅动作用， 由此进一步提 高还原反应的充分度， 提高铅的回收率。
而且， 通过二次风口 15向炉膛上部烟气出口处鼓入空气， 从而使得炉 膛上部的烟气中的一氧化碳与氧气反应生成二氧化碳， 消除烟气中的一氧 化碳对余热锅炉及其后设置的收尘设施造成的爆炸危险。
图 7所示铅渣还原工艺的其他步骤可以与图 6所示工艺的步骤相同， 这里不再详细描述。
当然， 根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原工艺并不限于处理铅渣， 也可以 处理氧化铅矿及其他氧化铅物料。
综上， 根据本发明实施例的铅渣还原炉和铅渣还原工艺， 由于保持炉 内温度以及提供还原反应所需的热量主要靠电极加热实现， 粉煤主要用作 还原剂， 能够减少粉煤的用量， 而且烟气量和烟尘量减少， 烟尘率降低， 提高了铅的直收率和总回收率， 弃渣中的铅含量低， 例如弃渣中的铅含量 能够低于 2.5 %。 同时， 由于烟气量少， 带走的热量少， 耗电量和粉煤用量 降低， 降低了成本。 而且与使用天然气或煤气相比， 使用粉煤的成本进一 步降低。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例， 本领域的普通技术人员可以 理解： 在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种 变化、 修改、 替换和变型， 本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 包括：
炉体， 所述炉体限定了炉膛且具有加料口、 出铅口、 放渣口、 放空口、 设在炉体顶部的电极插孔、 出烟口、 和设在炉体底部的粉煤喷枪插孔； 支承炉体的支座；
粉煤喷枪，所述粉煤喷枪插入到粉煤喷枪插孔内以向炉膛内喷入粉煤； 和
电极， 所述电极通过电极插孔插入到炉膛内以加热炉膛内的物料。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述加料口包括 用于向炉膛内加入熔融铅渣的第一加料口和用于向炉膛内加入固体物料的 第二加料口。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述固体物料包 括熔剂、 焦炭颗粒或块煤。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉体为卧式 圓筒形容器。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉体沿其纵 轴向倾斜地支撑在所述支座上， 且所述出铅口所在的炉体一端低于炉体的 另一端。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉体内的耐 火材料层沿着炉体纵向设有一定的坡度， 且所述出铅口所在的一端的耐火 材料层的厚度小于另一端的耐火材料层的厚度。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述出铅口和放 渣口分别位于炉体的相对两端。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述出铅口和放 渣口位于炉体的同一端。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉体可转动 地支撑在所述支座上， 且所述铅渣还原炉进一步包括用于驱动炉体绕其纵 向轴线转动的驱动装置。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉体进一 步包括用于向炉膛上部鼓入空气的二次风口。
11、 根据权利要求 1 所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉体还包 括用于插入补热装置的补热烧嘴口和用于插入主燃烧器的主燃烧器口。
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的铅渣还原炉， 其特征在于， 所述粉煤喷枪 为套管结构且进一步用于向炉膛内喷入空气和 /或氮气。
13、 一种铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
将熔剂和熔融铅渣加入到铅渣还原炉的炉膛内；
利用电极加热炉膛内的物料；
从铅渣还原炉的底部向炉内喷入粉煤； 和
从出铅口、 放渣口、 出烟口分别排出粗铅、 弃渣和烟气。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 进一步包括 向炉膛内加入固体还原剂。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 所述固体还 原剂为焦炭颗粒或块煤。
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 进一步包括 向炉膛的上部鼓入空气。
17、 根据权利要求 13所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 进一步包括 回收烟气中的余热。
18、 根据权利要求 13所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 进一步包括 回收烟气中的铅 i。
19、 根据权利要求 13所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 进一步包括 从铅渣还原炉的底部与粉煤一起向炉膛内鼓入空气和 /或氮气。
20、 根据权利要求 13所述的铅渣还原工艺， 其特征在于， 进一步包括 利用补热烧嘴对炉膛内进行补充加热。
PCT/CN2009/074169 2009-08-14 2009-09-24 铅渣还原炉及铅渣还原工艺 WO2011017855A1 (zh)

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