Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
  • B01J20/28085—Pore diameter being more than 50 nm, i.e. macropores
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28095—Shape or type of pores, voids, channels, ducts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/305—Addition of material, later completely removed, e.g. as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing, e.g. for forming pores
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
  • C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
  • F17C11/002—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for acetylene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00948—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of containers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel ceramic porous material, the method of manufacturing this new material, containers containing it, and the use of containers for storing fluids such as gases and / or liquids.
• pressurized containers containing gases such as acetylene, dissolved in a solvent, such as acetone or DMF, in various applications, and in particular for carrying out welding, brazing and heating operations. in combination with a bottle of oxygen.
• These containers are usually filled with solid filling materials, intended to stabilize the gases they contain, which are thermodynamically unstable under the effect of pressure and / or temperature variations and therefore likely to decompose during storage, their transport and / or their distribution.
• These materials must have sufficient porosity to facilitate the adsorption and release of the gases contained in the container. They must also be incombustible, inert vis-à-vis these gases and have good mechanical strength.
• These materials are conventionally made of porous silica-based ceramic masses, obtained for example from a homogeneous mixture in quicklime water or milk of lime and silica (in particular in the form of quartz flour), as described in FIGS. WO-A-93/16011, WO-A-98/29682, EP-A-262031, to form a mash which is then subjected to hydrothermal synthesis.
• the mash is introduced into the container to be filled, under partial vacuum, which is then subjected to pressure and temperature autoclaving, then to baking in an oven to completely remove the water and form a monolithic solid mass of composition Ca x Si y O z , w.H 2 O presenting crystalline structures of the tobermorite and xonotlite type, with a possible residual presence of quartz.
• Various additives can be added to these mixtures of the prior art to improve the dispersion of lime and silica and thus avoid the formation of structural inhomogeneities and shrinkage phenomena observed during hardening of the porous mass.
• the filling materials obtained must in fact have a homogeneous porosity with no voids in which pockets of gas could accumulate and cause risks of explosion.
• EP-A-264550 furthermore indicates that a porous mass containing at least 50%, or even at least 65%, or even at least 75% by weight of crystalline phase (relative to the weight of calcium silicate) makes it possible to meet the dual requirement of compressive strength and shrinkage at hydrothermal synthesis and cooking temperatures.
• the container having a diameter / length ratio of between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.35 and 0.5, for a minimum water capacity of one liter and preferably between 3 and 10 liters.
• This deficiency is particularly related to the significant pressure drop generated by the microstructure.
• This microstructure consists of a microporosity formed by the stack of sand-lime needles (porous distribution of the material in this case), formed mainly of xonotlite and / or tobermorite and / or other types of CSH-type phases. (foshagitis, Riversideite ). It is understood by CHS the lime / water / silica ratio. The vacant space between the needles thus forms an open porosity which can vary from 60 to 95%.
• Such a microstructure is described in particular in documents EP 1 887 275 and EP 1 886 982.
• the significant pressure drop is due to the very small pore size (between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m) and to their very narrow volume distribution. (almost monomodal type). It is understood by pore size the average stack generated by the needles mainly xonotlite.
• a solution of the invention is a ceramic porous material comprising:
• a microstructure comprising a material of crystalline structure xonotlite and / or tobermorite crystallized in the form of needles bonded to each other so as to form between them a pore diameter D95 greater than or equal to 0.4 ⁇ m and less than 5 ⁇ m and an average pore diameter D50 greater than or equal to 0.4 ⁇ m and less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.4 to 1 ⁇ m; and a continuous macrostructure constituted by interconnected channels in the microstructure.
• microstructure is meant the microscopic structure of the material.
• Macro structure means the architecture of matter.
• this architecture in the form of interconnected channels allows the formation of continuous preferential paths for the diffusion of fluids within the microstructure. This is called continuous macro structure.
• Figure 1 illustrates to the left the microstructure needles, according to the prior art, a porous ceramic mass for storing gas and / or liquid and right combination microstructure - macro structure.
• pore diameter D95 is meant a diameter at which 95% by volume of the pore diameter less than 5 microns.
• pore diameter D 50 is meant a diameter at which 50% by volume of the pore diameter is less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
• Xonotlite is a calcium silicate of formula CaOSi 6 On (OH) 2 , which has repeating units consisting of three tetrahedra. Furthermore, tobermorite is also a calcium silicate, of formula Ca 5 Si 6 (O, OH) is.5H 2 O, crystallized in orthorhombic form.
• the xonotlite formation mechanism most commonly accepted from the precursors CaO and SiO 2 in a molar ratio 2 CaOZSiO approximately 1 with water used as the solvent is as follows:
• All the intermediate phases preferably represent from 0 to 10% and more preferably from 0 to 5% of the weight of the crystalline phase present in the porous material.
• the calcium carbonate and the silica each preferably represent less than 3% of the total weight of these final crystalline phases.
• porous material in the form of a stack of needles entangled with each other allows the structure to have the qualities required to stabilize the solvent in which the gas and / or the liquid is dissolved and to limit its decomposition. confining it in an infinite number of microscopic spaces, thus ensuring the safety of the containers and their regulatory compliance with normative tests, such as ISO 3807-1.
• the interconnected channels have a mean diameter D50 of greater than 100 ⁇ m and less than 2000 ⁇ m.
• the porous material according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• the size of the interconnected channels is between 10 ⁇ m and 2 mm in diameter, preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 1 mm in diameter;
• the channels define nodules or alveoli
• said needles have a length ranging from 2 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 to 5 ⁇ m; a width ranging from 0.010 to 0.25 ⁇ m and a thickness of less than 0.25 ⁇ m;
• said material contains at least 70% by weight of crystalline phase, preferably at least 90% by weight of crystalline phase.
• the porous material advantageously has a total open porosity of between 80% and 95%. These values (total porosity, porous distribution, etc.) can all be measured by mercury porosimetry.
• the porous material may also comprise fibers selected from synthetic carbon-based fibers, as described in particular in US Pat. No. 3,454,362, alkaline-resistant glass fibers, as described in particular in the document EP-A-262031, and mixtures thereof, without this list being limiting.
• These fibers are useful in particular as reinforcing materials, to improve the impact resistance of the porous material, and also make it possible to avoid the problems of cracking during drying of the structure.
• These fibers can be used as is or after treatment of their surface.
• the porous ceramic material may further in its process of elaboration
• (dough formulation) include dispersing agents or binders, such as cellulose, in particular carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose or ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, polyethers, such as polyethylene glycol, synthetic clays of smectite type, amorphous silica with a specific surface area advantageously between 150 and 300 m 2 / g, and their mixtures, without this list being exhaustive.
• dispersing agents or binders such as cellulose, in particular carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose or ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, polyethers, such as polyethylene glycol, synthetic clays of smectite type, amorphous silica with a specific surface area advantageously between 150 and 300 m 2 / g, and their mixtures, without this list being exhaustive.
• the ceramic porous material may furthermore also contain initial silico-calcareous compounds, such as wolastonite (CaSiO 3), for example, serving as nucleating agent (s) (seeding operation) allowing a faster germination of the crystals. tobermorite and / or xonotlite.
• initial silico-calcareous compounds such as wolastonite (CaSiO 3), for example, serving as nucleating agent (s) (seeding operation) allowing a faster germination of the crystals. tobermorite and / or xonotlite.
• the content of nucleating agent ranges from 0.1 to 5% by weight relative to all the solid precursors.
• the ceramic porous material may further contain in its process of elaboration
• the porous material contains fibers, in particular carbon and / or glass and / or cellulose fibers.
• the amount of the fibers is advantageously less than 55% by weight, relative to all the solid precursors used in the process for manufacturing the porous material. It is preferably between 3 and 20% by weight.
• the porous material according to the invention preferably has a compressive strength greater than or equal to 15 kg / cm 2 , ie 1.5 MPa, more preferably greater than 25 kg / m 2 , ie 2.5 MPa.
• the mechanical compressive strength can be measured by taking a cube of 100 x 100 mm from the porous material and applying a pressure force on the upper face thereof while it is held against a plate horizontal metal. This force corresponds to the pressure from which the material begins to crack.
• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing the ceramic porous material according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
• step c) a step of hydrothermal synthesis of the porous material around the matrix of step b), starting from the mixture resulting from step a) and comprising the matrix of step b),
• FIG. 2 illustrates the different steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention. It is understood that this method may comprise other steps than those mentioned above, which may be preliminary, intermediate or additional steps thereto.
• the manufacturing method according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• the carbonaceous mass is polymeric
• the carbon matrix is a honeycomb architecture based on a member selected from PVC, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose, hemp, starch, cotton.
• Figure 7 shows the type of foam that can be used as a matrix: in this case it is a polyurethane foam of porosity 10 ppi (pore per inch).
• the second step (step b)) consists of introducing a carbon matrix, preferentially polymeric, into the starting mixture comprising the silico-calcareous precursors (lime, silica, water, any nucleant (s), organic agent (s) (s) (binder, dispersant, ...), phosphoric acid).
• carbon matrix is meant a honeycomb structure (foam) fixed macroporosity (ppi (pore per inch)) and controlled thickness of strands.
• the paste consisting of the mixture of precursors will completely fill the honeycomb structure.
• the honeycomb structure during the elaboration process will then be removed by heat treatment, thus giving way to an ordered macrostructure corresponding to the shape (ppi, ...) of the initial alveolar structure.
• We choose the carbon matrix so that its geometric shape corresponds to the shape of the channels that we wish to have in the end.
• step c which consists of subjecting the lime-silica mixture of step a) in which the carbonaceous matrix has been introduced to a hydrothermal synthesis at a temperature between 170 ° C. and about 300 ° C., preferably between 180 and 220 ° C., for a duration ranging, according to the volume of the receptacle to be filled, from 1 oh to 70 h, for example close to 40 h for a container having a volume in water equal to 6 liters.
• the fourth step of the process (step d)) or drying step serves not only to evacuate the residual water, but also to give the treated mass a predominantly crystalline structure and possibly to terminate if necessary the hydro-thermal transformation to atmospheric pressure.
• This operation is performed in a traditional electric oven or gas (the same or not that used for the hydrothermal synthesis operation), at atmospheric pressure.
• the fifth step of the process (step e)) consists of extracting the carbon matrix by combustion.
• the extraction leads to the formation of millimetric channels for the diffusion of fluids within the microstructure.
• a temperature is applied to the porous matrix that burns the carbon matrix. This temperature must remain below 600 0 C to avoid destroying the initial microstructure. In the case of the exemplary polyurethane foam, a temperature of 350 ° C. is sufficient to break it down.
• This step can be coupled with the drying step.
• Figure 3 is a photograph of the section of a block of porous material according to the invention. On this photograph we can see the macro structure of the millimeter channels. These channels define nodules or alveoli of porous material of approximately spherical shape. They represent the negative of the initial polyurethane foam characterized by a thickness of strands, a cell structure and a number of cells (pores) per unit area or length (ppi: pore per inch).
• Figures 4 and 5 each include two photographs more accurately showing the cells and the interconnected channels. The photographs were taken by electron microscopy on a FESEM Zeiss ultra 55.
• FIG. 4 comprises on the left a photograph showing the porous material according to the state of the art, that is to say without millimeter channels, and on the right a photograph showing the porous material according to the invention, that is to say say with millimeter channels.
• the photograph on the right there are three cells of porous material that initially formed around the polymer structure. It is this elementary structure that makes up the network of millimeter channels.
• Figure 5 illustrates the interface between two cells.
• the photograph on the right is an enlargement of the photograph on the left.
• the observed channel corresponds to the imprint left by the polymer matrix after thermal decomposition. These imprints form the network of millimeter pores in the volume of the porous mass.
• the invention also relates to a container containing a porous material as described above, which container is adapted to contain and distribute a fluid.
• the container usually comprises a metal shell enclosing the porous material described above.
• the metal casing may consist of a metallic material such as steel, for example a standard carbon steel P265NB according to the NF EN10120 standard, the thickness of which makes it capable of withstanding at least the test pressure of 60 bar (6 MPa), normative value for the regulation of acetylene under the conditions described above.
• the container is also usually cylindrical and generally provided with closure means and a pressure regulator. This container preferably has a diameter / length ratio of between 0.2 and 0.7, more preferably between 0.35 and 0.5, and a minimum water capacity of one liter. Usually, such a container will be in the shape of a bottle.
• the fluids stored in the packing structure according to the invention may be gases or liquids.
• gas there may be mentioned pure compressed gases or mixtures in gaseous or liquid form, such as hydrogen, gaseous hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkynes, alkenes), nitrogen and acetylene, and gases dissolved in a gas.
• solvents such as acetylene and acetylene-ethylene or acetylene-ethylene-propylene mixtures dissolved in a solvent such as acetone or dimethylformamide (DMF).
• the container according to the invention is thermally insulated at its outer wall, it is able to contain and distribute a cryogenic fluid such as: hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen or any other liquid gas
• organometallic precursors such as Ga and In precursors, used in particular in electronics, as well as nitroglycerine. All the alcohols or mixtures of alcohol can also be mentioned.
• the container according to the invention contains acetylene dissolved in DMF or acetone.
• porous ceramic material according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the effects related to the pressure drop (long filling, restitution and emptying duration).
• the architecture (macrostructure) deployed allows gas and solvent to arrive more quickly within the porous mass and perfectly homogeneous manner, while keeping the microstructure according to the state of the art.
• the ceramic porous material according to the invention with a controlled macroporosity makes it possible to reduce these negative effects while maintaining a satisfactory safety factor.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

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Citations (11)

• 2009
  • 2009-08-05 FR FR0955509A patent/FR2948936B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-07-19 MX MX2012001501A patent/MX2012001501A/es unknown
  • 2010-07-19 CA CA2767771A patent/CA2767771A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-07-19 BR BR112012002684A patent/BR112012002684A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-07-19 RU RU2012108077/03A patent/RU2012108077A/ru unknown
  • 2010-07-19 IN IN924DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00924A/en unknown
  • 2010-07-19 CN CN201080034584.4A patent/CN102471159A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-07-19 EP EP10752036.3A patent/EP2462076B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2010-07-19 WO PCT/FR2010/051505 patent/WO2011015750A1/fr not_active Ceased

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