WO2011015035A1 - 低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系 - Google Patents

低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011015035A1
WO2011015035A1 PCT/CN2010/001178 CN2010001178W WO2011015035A1 WO 2011015035 A1 WO2011015035 A1 WO 2011015035A1 CN 2010001178 W CN2010001178 W CN 2010001178W WO 2011015035 A1 WO2011015035 A1 WO 2011015035A1
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Prior art keywords
basic
unit
steel structure
plane
low
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PCT/CN2010/001178
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐泽樟
Original Assignee
Xu Zezhang
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Application filed by Xu Zezhang filed Critical Xu Zezhang
Priority to AU2010281263A priority Critical patent/AU2010281263A1/en
Priority to US13/388,093 priority patent/US20120131875A1/en
Publication of WO2011015035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011015035A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/005Modulation co-ordination
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2406Connection nodes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2451Connections between closed section profiles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2457Beam to beam connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a house system, in particular to a new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house system.
  • the current low-rise prefabricated prefabricated steel structure mobile house system still has shortcomings in terms of product application field, prefabrication: integration degree and diversified demand response ability, or how to realize the real interaction between products and demands:
  • the product has a narrow application area, low technical content, and generally low-grade products.
  • steel structure mobile houses are mainly used in two areas: one is the simple temporary houses and low-rise light steel structure houses such as prefabricated light steel temporary construction mobile houses and security pavilions on the construction site; Some small buildings, such as: exhibitions and small houses developed, part of the steel structure mobile houses using hot-rolled steel.
  • the prefabricated light-steel pre-construction mobile houses at the construction site have been developed earlier and have a large amount of use, but the type is relatively single, the space and structure are simple, and the technical content is not high. It gives people a simple feeling and to a certain extent. Affected people's impression of steel structure houses.
  • a villa in the traditional sense is a place built on a specific site to meet the life needs of a specific family. It is a response to the conditions of the specific construction site in terms of climate, landforms, and specific life needs of specific users.
  • the purpose of the prefabricated prefabricated steel structure low-rise steel structure mobile house system is facing the unknown of the construction site and the use object; at the same time, the contemporary consumer society increasingly reflects the emphasis on individual needs and requires the products to have a variety of options and Flexible and variability to adapt to different construction bases and usage requirements.
  • the present invention provides a new low-level forecast prefabricated steel structure house system that is convenient through modularized unit components. Combine diversified products to realize the real interaction between use demand and product production.
  • a new low-rise prefabricated prefabricated building system construction method which mainly consists of two parts: the modularization and unitization of the plane and the building elements such as columns, walls, doors and windows and stairs, and the control principles of the plane's construction. Methods as below:
  • a new type of low-rise prefabricated house system which mainly includes beams, columns, doors, windows, stairs and floor slabs, characterized in that: the house contains:
  • the basic unit is composed of four “basic modules”; two or more “combined units", the combined unit is composed of at least one basic unit;
  • the “combined unit” and the “basic unit” are assembled together to form a “basic plane”; the force-bearing column is located at the intersection of the orthogonal grid formed by the plane control axis and the outer contour of each "basic unit” .
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is to realize the overall control of the modularization and unitization of the house by controlling the construction method of the house plane and the construction relationship between the pillars, walls, stairs J and the roof and the plane.
  • diversified products can be easily combined through modular unit components, realizing the real interaction between use requirements and product production, namely: different construction site conditions and use requirements can be selected through selection
  • the corresponding components are assembled and assembled to be satisfied, which is different from the conventional practice of the current steel structure mobile house system.
  • the feature of modular prefabrication also enables the house to easily realize partial reconstruction and continuous expansion.
  • Figure 1 1 to Figure 1-3 show three embodiments of the combined unit with a modulus of 1M of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house of the present invention:
  • Figure 2-1 to Figure 2-3 are three embodiments of the combined unit with a modulus of 2M of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house of the present invention
  • Figure 3-1 to Figure 3-3 show three embodiments of the combined unit with a modulus of 3M of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a combination of the basic plane of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the plane of the base plate of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the plane of the base plate of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house system of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the new low-rise prefabricated steel structure house system of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a new low-rise prefabricated prefabricated steel structure house system.
  • the low-story prefabricated prefabricated steel structure house system is constructed by the construction method of the house plane and the columns, walls, doors and windows, and stairs : construction elements and plane construction
  • the control principle is a two-part construction of a new building system, all steel structural components are assembled by bolts.
  • the general standard modulus of the components of the low-rise prefabricated steel structure house system is based on the type of metal materials used in the house and its structural performance, and comprehensive consideration of factors such as the economics of the materials and the ergonomic spatial scale.
  • This low-rise prefabricated steel structure house is composed of modularized "basic unit” 2 and “combined unit” 3 in a plane. Two “basic units” 2 form “combined unit” 3, and then "basic unit” 2 and “group: combined unit” 3 are combined into “basic plane” 4.
  • the construction control principle of the plane is that the "basic unit” 2 and the “combined unit” 3 are assembled around the plane control axis set in the planned building year
  • Base plane 4 the plane control axis is "#', or two or more are connected up and down or left and right, that is, “basic unit” 2 and “combined unit” 3 are along according to actual usage requirements.
  • the orthogonal axis direction of the "basic plane” 4 is continuously assembled to form house planes of various sizes and shapes, that is: the house plane has the ability to continuously assemble "basic units" along its orthogonal axis 2 and
  • the actual construction method steps of the low-rise prefabricated prefabricated steel structure house system of the present invention are as follows: 1. First, set a plane control axis at the predetermined house construction, and the plane control axis is Or two or more connected;
  • intersection 7 of the "#"-shaped orthogonal grid (the intersection is called the "central control point” in the present invention), that is, the intersection of the primary and secondary beams. '
  • the “combined unit” 3 is composed of any four “basic units” 2 combined in the following way: The four “basic units” 2 are connected by two sides, and they intersect at a corner: converge at one point 7 (the point of intersection is at In the present invention, it is called the "central control point", see Figure 4); the axis of the “combined unit” 3 passes through the "central control point” 7 and is connected to the four "basic units” 2 in pairs on each side;
  • the "basic unit” 2 and the “combined unit” 3 are assembled around the basic plane control axis set at the predetermined house construction to form the "basic plane” 4.
  • the "basic plane” 4 consists of at least one
  • the “combination unit” 3 is composed of four “combination units” 3 and a number of “basic units” 2 combined in the following way: First, four “combination units” 3 "central control point” sequentially connecting rectangular or square configuration. 7, four “combination unit” coincides with the axis 3 two by two, which constitute the main control axis orthogonal to the axis “substantially planar”5; second, each "combination unit” 3: inter can All sides are directly connected, or can be connected between adjacent "combined units” 3 by adding a column of "base : this unit” 1 phase (see Figure 8).
  • the house plane can be formed by adding a number of "basic planes" 4 and “combined units” 3 on the basis of a “basic plane” 4 according to actual space usage requirements.
  • the "central control point" ⁇ of the newly added “combination unit” 3 should be on the extension of the main control axis of the "basic plane” 4, and the axis direction of the newly added “combination unit” 3 should be the same as that of the "basic plane” 4
  • the main control axes are the same:
  • the "basic plane” 3 and the newly added “combination unit” 3, or the newly added “combination unit” 3 can be directly connected, or connected by a row of "basic units" 2.
  • the "basic plane” 4 and the “combined units” 3 that make up the house plane can be composed of “basic units” of different sizes or different steel structure arrangements according to actual space requirements.
  • the "central control point" of each floor plane of the house 7 The main control axis must be aligned up and down, but the "combined unit” 3 and “basic unit” 2 corresponding to the upper and lower planes can be different in size and internal steel structure configuration.
  • the steel structure can be installed directly on the main and secondary beams, and then the floor surface layer can be installed on the floor structure layer composed of the main and secondary beams and the steel structure; or combined with the plane generation method, the steel structure and the floor surface can be installed.
  • the layers are combined to prefabricate components such as "basic unit” 2 and “combined unit” 3, and then install them on the main and secondary beams (see Figure 6). According to the actual needs of users, in the production process of building slab components, the "combined unit” that forms the plane.
  • the house can leave a balcony to make the architectural shape more For changeable.
  • the houses are all raised above the ground by pillars, so as to reduce the damage to the natural environment caused by the construction of the houses.
  • the new type of low-rise prefabricated prefabricated steel structure mobile house system is mainly used in the low-rise prefabricated prefabricated residential building type.
  • the house system of the present invention is not limited to the residential building type. It can be understood that according to the mobile house system of the present invention, the house can have various differences depending on the construction materials, the structure of the house plane, the construction relationship between the building elements such as columns, walls, doors, windows, and stairs, and the plane. Structure form, space span, plane shape and layout, etc., adapt to different Function, purpose and use.
  • the construction method of the house plan and the construction control principle of the building elements such as columns, walls, doors and windows and stairs, and the plan
  • the control of the construction method of the plan and the construction relationship between the construction elements such as the columns, walls and stairs and the plan is realized.
  • This not only has modular and unitized overall control, but also has a low-rise prefabricated prefabricated steel structure mobile house system that establishes an interaction between product production and use requirements. Therefore, the relevant technical issues related to the cross-sectional form and size of the building components in the drawings are only for illustration, and the specific methods should be determined according to the actual requirements of the selected construction materials and space.
  • the technical core of the present invention is mainly to clarify the method of constructing this system, such as: the construction method of the house plan and the construction control principle of each component of the house, rather than the specific construction technology of a specific material and thoroughfare house;
  • the invented steel structure mobile house system has strong flexibility and adaptability in terms of materials, functions, and spatial forms. Different construction materials and functional types have different requirements for the construction of specific nodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)

Description

低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种房屋体系,尤其涉及一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房 屋体系。
【背景技术】
低层预制装配式钢结构活动房屋由于具有强度高、 自重轻、 工业化预制 生产、 现场快速装配和环保节能等方面的特性而受到当代的关注, 特别是伴 随着全球能源危机意识和环保节能意识的增强, 钢结构房屋正得到越来越多 的重视和运用, 具有巨大的发展潜力和现实意义。
现行低层预制装配式钢结构活动房屋体系无论产品在应用领域、 预制装 :配的整合程度和多样化需求的应对能力, 还是在如何实现产品和需求之间的 真正互动方面仍存在不足:
1、 产品使用面窄, 技术含量不高, 产品普遍档次较低。
目前, 钢结构活动房屋主要集中在两个使用领域: 一是建筑施工现场装 配式轻钢临建活动房屋和保安亭等简易临时性用房和低层轻钢结构住宅; 二 是近年来幵始在一些小型建筑, 如: 展览和小住宅上得到发展的、 部分采用 热轧型钢的钢结构活动房屋。 其中, 建筑施工现场装配式轻钢临建活动房屋 的发展时间较早, 使用量较大, 但类型相对单一, 空间和结构简单, 技术含 量不高, 给人简陋之感, 并在一定程度上影响了人们对钢结构房屋的印象。
2、 现有低层钢结构住宅的生产模式在应对多样化需求方面显得被动, 未能充分体现钢材料的技术优势。
现有低层轻钢结构住宅的生产模式主要有两种: 一为生产方提供若干现
确认本 :成户型供购买方选择; 二为生产方根据购买方提供的图纸专门组织生产以满 足特定需求。 这两种模式均表现出产品生产与使用需求间的单向规定性而不 是使用需求和产品生产之间的真正互动: 要么是购买方被限定在生产方提供 的有限范围内进行选择, 要么是生产方往往只能被动地为满足特定客户的个 性化需求而组织生产。
造成这一状况的根本原因在于现有钢结构活动房屋在生产模式和相关 技术的研发上并未直接面对使用需求的多样化和轻钢材料特性等方面的问 题:
一方面, 传统意义上的别墅是在具体场地上建造的满足特定家庭生活需 求的场所, 是针对具体建造场地在气候、 地貌和特定使用者具体生活需求等 '条件的应对, 而以批量生产为目的的预制装配式钢结构低层钢结构活动房屋 体系所面临的是建造场地和使用对象的未知; 同时, 当代消费社会所日益体 现出的对个体需求的重视亦要求产品具有多样的可选择性和灵活可变性以 适应不同建造基地和使用需求。 因此, 如何使得产品能够更好地应对使用者 在诸如地理气候和地貌等建造场地条件、 不同家庭构成及其不同文化背景下 生活模式的差异、 甚至是使用过程中对空间变化的需求, 将成为钢结构活动 房屋体系技术研发的核心之一。 这意味着如何增强房屋对多样化个性需求的 适应能力、 如何建立使用需求和产品生产之间的真正互动将成为产品研发的 ;主要目标, 而不是以开发满足某一特定建造条件和使用需求的房屋类型为目 标, 从而获得更大的市场。
另一方面, 现有产品无论在外观样式还是空间模式上都体现为对钢筋混 凝土别墅的直接模仿。 这一采用钢材来模仿钢筋混凝土建筑的做法使得房屋 在空间的灵活可变性、 预制装配的整合程度等方面未能充分体现钢材的空间 特性和技术优势。 【发明内容】
针对现有低层预制装配式钢结构活动房屋体系在预制装配整合程度和 "活动"特性等方面的上述不足, 本发明提供一种新型低层预报装配式钢结 构房屋体系通过模数化的单元构件便捷地组合出多样化的产品, 实现使用需 求和产品生产之间的真正互动。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
1、 一种新型低层预制装配式房屋体系的搭建方法, 主要是平面的模 数化、 单元化构成方法和柱、 墙体、 门窗和楼梯等建筑元素与平面的搭 建控制原则两个部分, 其方法如下:
(1)、 将金属型材加工为均等的预制长度形成为 "基本模数"; (2)、首先在预定房屋建筑处设定平面控制轴线, 所述平面控制轴线吴 或两个以上的 "tt"相接而成;
(3)、 然后在预定房屋建筑处立定受力柱 4;
(4)、 搭建 "基本单元":
(5)、 再由 "基本单元"拼装成 "组合单元"
(6) 所述 "组合单元"与基本单元共同拼装形成 "基本平面";
(7)、 按照设计的位置安装墙体和门并装设窗、 走廊、 楼梯;
(8)、 立定第二层受力柱;
(9)、 依次依照步骤 (3) - (7) 搭建第二层房屋;
(10)、 安装屋顶。
2、 一种新型低层预制装配式房屋体系, 主要有梁、 柱、 门、 窗体、 楼 梯和楼板, 其特征在于: 所述房屋包含,
两个或者两个以上的受力柱; 两个或者两个以上的 "基本模数"; ,
两个或两个以上 "基本单元", 所述基本单元由四个 "基本模数"组成; 两个或两个以上的 "组合单元", 所述组合单元由至少一个基本单元组 合而成;
所述 "组合单元" 与 "基本单元"共同拼装为一 "基本平面"; 所述受力柱位于由平面控制轴线和各 "基本单元"的外轮廓线所形成的 正交网格的交点处。
本发明的有益效果是, 通过对房屋平面的构成方法以及柱、 墙、 楼梯 J和屋面等建筑要素与平面的搭建关系控制, 实现对房屋的模数化、 单元化整 体控制, 从而在提高房屋预制装配整合程度的同时, 还可以通过模数化的单 元构件便捷地组合出多样化的产品, 实现使用需求和产品生产这间的真正互 动, 即: 不同的建造场地条件和使用需求可通过选择相应构件进行组合装配 而得到满足, 从而有别于当前钢结构活动房屋体系的常规做法。 此外, 单元 式预制装配的特点还使得房屋具有便捷地实现局部改建和不断扩建的能力。
【附图说明】
图 1 1至图 1-3为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋的模数为 1M 的组合单元三种实施例:
图 2-1至图 2-3为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋的模数为 2M 的组合单元三种实施例;
图 3-1至图 3-3为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋的模数为 3M 的组合单元三种实施例;
图 4为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋基本平面的组合方式; 图 5为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋基板平面的示意图;
图 6为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋基板平面的示意图; 图 7为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的示意图; 图 8为本发明新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的示意图。
【具体实施方式】
结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步介绍。
本发明是一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系,所述低层预制装配 式钢结构房屋体系是通过房屋平面的构成方法和柱、 墙体、 门窗和楼梯等建 :筑要素与平面的搭建控制原则两部份构造的新型建筑房屋体系, 所有钢结构 构件均以螺栓连接组装而成。 该低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的构件通用 标准模数是依据房屋所用金属材料的类型及其结构性能, 并综合考虑用料的 经济性和人体工学的空间尺度等因素而设定的模数单位, 该模数单位的代表 符合 "M", 将所述 "模数单位"取值的 2倍 (2M ) 和 3倍 (3M)而作为 "基 本模数" 1, 即: 房屋平面构成中采用的模数系列由 1M、 2M和 3M等 M倍数 组成。该低层预制装配式钢结构房屋以平面由模数化的 "基本单元" 2和 "组 合单元" 3组合而成, 首先, 由至少三个基本模数 1构成 "基本单元" 2, 然 后由至少两个 "基本单元" 2组成 "组合单元" 3, 再由 "基本单元" 2和 "组 :合单元" 3组合成 "基本平面" 4。 所述平面的搭建控制原则是在预定房屋建 筑年设定的平面控制轴线的周围由 "基本单元" 2 和 "组合单元" 3 拼装成
"基本平面" 4, 所述平面控制轴线呈 "# ', 或两个以上的 上下或左右 相接而成, 也就是 "基本单元" 2 和 "组合单元" 3根据实际使用需求沿着
"基本平面" 4的正交轴线方向不断拼装形成各种不同规模和形状的房屋平 面, 即: 房屋平面具备通过沿着其正交轴线方向不断拼装 "基本单元" 2和
"组合单元" 3而自由扩展的能力。
本发明低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的实际施工方法步骤为: 1、首先在预定房屋建筑处设定平面控制轴线,所述平面控制轴线呈 或两个以上的 相接而成;
2、 然后在预定的房屋建筑处立定受力柱 5, 此受力柱 5必须放置在由 平面控制轴线 6
" # "型的正交网格的交点处 7 (交点在本发明中称为 "中心控制点 " ), 即: 主、 次梁的交点处。 '
3、 搭建 "组合单元" 3。 所述 "组合单元" 3由任意四个 "基本单元" 2 按以下方式组合而成: 四个 "基本单元" 2两两以边相连接, 且以角部交 :汇于一点 7 (交点在本发明中称为 "中心控制点", 见图 4 ) ; "组合单元" 3 的轴线经过 "中心控制点" 7且与四个 "基本单元" 2两两相连接的各边重 口 ;
4、 在预定房屋建筑处设定的基本平面控制轴线的周围由 "基本单元" 2 和 "组合单元" 3 拼装成 "基本平面" 4。 所述 "基本平面" 4 由至少一个
"组合单元" 3构成, 所述 "基本平面" 4由四个 "组合单元" 3和若干 "基 本单元 " 2按以下方式组合而成: 首先, 四个 "组合单元" 3 "中心控制点" 7 的顺次连线构成长方形或正方形, 四个 "组合单元" 3 的轴线两两重合, 这些正交轴线构成 "基本平面" 5的主要控制轴线; 其次, 各 "组合单元" 3 :间可以各边直接相连接, 或者可在相邻 "组合单元" 3 间通过增加一列 "基 :本单元" 1相连接 (见图 8 )。 所述活动房屋体系中, 房屋平面可根据实际空 间使用需求在一个"基本平面" 4的基础上通过增加若干"基本平面" 4、 "组 合单元" 3形成。 其中, 新增 "组合单元" 3的 "中心控制点" Ί应在 "基 本平面" 4 主要控制轴线的延长线上, 且新增 "组合单元" 3 的轴线方向应 与 "基本平面" 4 的主要控制轴线一致: 此外, "基本平面" 3 与新增 "组 合单元" 3 间, 或新增 "组合单元" 3 间可直接相连, 或者通过一列 "基本 单元" 2相连接。 但在本体系的平面构成中, 不出现两列 "基本单元" 2直 接并列相连的做法 (见图 8 )。 构成房屋平面的 "基本平面" 4和各 "组合单 元" 3可根据实际空间使用需求选择不同尺寸或不同钢结构排列方式的 "基 本单元" 2组成, 房屋各层平面的 "中心控制点" 7 和主要控制轴线必须上 下对齐, 但上、 下层平面相对应的 "组合单元" 3 和 "基本单元" 2在尺寸 和内部钢结构配置上可不相同。 在平面主要控制轴线和各 "组合单元" 3 的外轮廓边线处设置主梁或次梁, 但主、 次梁的具体布置方式依据房屋的实 际空间需求而定。 钢结构则既可以选择直接安装在主、 次梁上, 然后在主、 _次梁和钢结构组成的楼板结构层上安装地板面层; 或者结合平面的生成方 '式, .将钢结构与地板面层相结合预制成 "基本单元" 2和 "组合单元" 3等 构件, 再安装到主、 次梁上 (见图 6)。 根据使用者的实际使用需求, 在房屋 楼板构件的生产过程中, 组成平面的 "组合单元" . 3既可预制成一个整体构 件, 也可以 "基本单元" 2为拆分单元, 拆分成若干构件进行预制生产和现 场装配, 以适应空间在垂直方向上的变化需求, 如: 楼梯的设置、 复式空间 的营造等, 除上述提及的内容外, 房屋可留出阳台, 使得建筑造型更为多变。
4、 按照设计的位置在安装墙体和门并装设窗、 走廊、 楼梯。 在 "基本 单元" 1 控制轴线的外框上放置主要承重构件, 如主、 次梁等, 内部控制轴 线上则一般放置钢结构构件, "基本单元" 2内部钢结构构件的配置方向 与 "基本单元" 2的各边平行或垂直, 钢结构构件中心轴线间的距离为 1M。 如遇特殊情况需要在相关的钢结构位置上部设置墙体, 则该钢结构可更换为 相应的承重构件, 凡涉及建筑构件与其控制轴线的位置关系时, 如无特殊说 明,控制轴线均为相关构件的中轴线。结合内部钢结构的不同设置方式, "基 本单元" 2共有 9种不同类型 (见图 1-3 )。 墙体的龙骨和各种隔音防火填充 材料以及装饰面层等均在工厂组装为成品墙体, 现场直接装配。 门、 窗洞口 的宽度可以 M或者 1/2M作为模数进行控制, 高度则根据需要具体确定, 并 在工厂预制墙体时预留(见图 7), 房屋的楼梯主要布置在 "基本平面" 4四 个 "中心控制点" 7所围合的方形空间的外围空间中, 或者放置于连接 "基 本平面" 4与新增 "组合单元" 3的 "基本单元" 2处。 楼梯主要有单跑直梯 和 " L " 形转角双跑梯两种形式。 其中, " L "形转角双跑梯放置于 "基本平 面"的四个 "中心控制点 " 7外围空间的四角; 单跑直梯放置在 "基本平面" :4的四个 "中心控制点" 7外围空间的四边, 或是连接 "基本平面" 4与新增 : "组合单元" 3的"基本单元" 2处(见图 8), 各层平面所预留的楼梯洞口长、 宽尺寸应符合平面模数, 并根据实际情况和平面 "基本单元" 2和 "组合单 元" 3的构成方式而定。 房屋中设置楼梯处应适当去除楼板中部分相应的结 构构件, 如: 部分主、 次梁和 "基本单元" 2等部分构件。
5、 立定第二层受力柱, 房屋各层平面的柱子放置在由平面主要控制轴 线和各 "基本单元" 2的外轮廓线所形成的正交网格的交点处, gp : 主、 次 梁的交点处。 同时, 各层平面的柱网可结合房屋的实际空间需求灵活布置, 不强求上下层平面柱网的完全对齐, 但柱网间距不能超过楼板承重构件所选 :钢材的力学性能, 且在房屋平面的外沿不一定设置柱子。
6、 依照步骤 2-4搭建第二层房屋结构;
7、 安装屋顶, 所述屋顶根据人们的喜好可搭建不同样式的屋顶。
所述活动房屋体系中, 房屋均利用柱子架空于地面之上, 以减少房屋的 建造对自然环境的破坏。
所述一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构活动房屋体系主要用途在于低层 预制装配式居住建筑类型,然而,本发明的房屋体系并不限于居住建筑类型。 可以理解, 根据本发明的活动房屋体系, 其房屋随着建造材料、 房屋平面的 构成方式、柱、墙、 门窗和楼梯等建筑要素与平面的搭建关系等方面的不同, 可以具有各种不同的结构形式、 空间跨度、 平面形状和布局等, 适应不同的 功能、 目的和用途。
通过采用房屋平面的构成方法和柱、墙、 门窗和楼梯等建筑要素与平面 的搭建控制原则两部份, 对平面构成方式以及柱、 墙和楼梯等建筑要素与平 面的搭建关系控制, 实现一种不仅具有模数化、 单元化整体控制, 而且还具 备在产品生产和使用需求之间建立互动的低层预制装配式钢结构活动房屋 本系。 因此, 附图中涉及房屋构件的截面形式和尺寸等相关技术问题, 仅为 :示意, 具体做法应依据所选用的建造材料和空间的实际需求情况而具体确 定。
本发明的技术核心主要在于阐明这一体系的组建方法, 如: 房屋平面的 构成方式以及房屋各组成部分的搭建控制原则, 而非某一特定材料和通途的 房屋的具体建造技术; 同时, 本发明的钢结构活动房屋体系在材料、 功能和 空间形式等方面具有较强的灵活可变性和适应力, 不同建造材料、 功能类型 对具体节点的构造做法会提出不同的要求。
特别需要说明的是, 若依本发明的形状、 构造、 安装方法等所作的等效 改变, 其所产生的结构、 功能、 尺寸、 安装方法等未超出本权利要求书、 说 明书及附图所涵盖技术特征的实质时, 均应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利 要求书
1、 一种低层预制装配式房屋体系的搭建方法, 主要是平面的模数化、 单元 -化构成方法和柱、 墙、 门窗和楼梯等建筑元素与平面的搭建控制原则两个部: '分, 其方法如下:
(1)、 将金属材料加工为均等的预制长度形成为 "基本模数";
(2)、 首先在预定房屋建筑处设定基本平面控制轴线, 所述基本平面控 制轴线呈 或两个以上的 相接而成;
(3)、 然后在预定的房屋建筑处立定柱 4;
(4)、 搭建 "基本单元";
(5)、 再由 "基本单元"拼装成 "组合单元";
(6)、 所述 "组合单元"与基本单元共同形成 "基本平面";
.
(7)、 按照设计的位置安装墙体和门并装设窗、 走廊、 楼梯;
(8)、 立定第二层受力柱;
(9)、 依次依照步骤 (3) - (7) 搭建第二层房屋:
(10)、 安装屋顶。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的搭建 方法, 其特征在于: 所述 "基本模数"为依据房屋所用金属材料的类型及其 结构性能, 并综合考虑用料的经济性和人体工学的空间尺度等因素而设定的 模数单位。
•'3、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的搭建 方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 "基本模数" 的长度均为模数单位的倍数。 4、 根据权利要求 1或 3所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的 搭建方法, 其特征在于: 所述 "组合单元" 由四个 "基本单元"搭接而成且 以角部交汇于 "中心控制点"。
: 5、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 征在于: 所述组合单元的轴线经过且与四个 "基本单元" 1两两相连接的各 边重合。
6、 根据权利要求】所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的搭建 方法, 其特征在于: 所述 "基本平面" 由至少一个 "组合单元"和两个或两 个以上的 "基本单元" 搭接而成。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的搭建 方法, 其特征在于: 所述房屋各层平面的受力柱位于由基本平面控制轴线和 ;各 "基本单元" 的外轮廓线所形成的正交网格的交点处。
: 8、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系的搭建 方法, 其特征在于: 所述屋顶根据人们的喜好和实际环境需要搭建不同样式 的屋顶。
9、 一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 主要有梁、 柱、 门、 窗、 楼 梯和楼板, 其特征在于: 所述房屋包含,
两个或者两个以上的受力柱;
两个或者两个以上的 "基本模数 ";.
两.个或两个以上的 "基本单元", 所述基本单元由四个 "基本模数" 组成; :两个或两个以上的组合单元, 所述组合单元由至少一个基本单元组合而成; 所述 "组合单元" 与 "基本单元"共同拼装为一 "基本平面";
所述受力柱位于由基本平面控制轴线和各 "基本单元"的外轮廓线所形成的 正交网格的交点处。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 '征在于: 所述 "基本模数" 为依据房屋所用金属材料的类型及其结构性能, 并综合考虑用料的经济性和人体工学的空间尺度等因素而设定的模数单位。
1 1、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 征在于: 所述的 "基本单元" 的长度均为模数单位的倍数。
12、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种新型底层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 征在于: 所述组合由单元四个 "基本单元" 2两两以边相连接, 且以角部交 汇于 "中心控制点" 6。
.
13、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 ':征在于, 所述组合单元的轴线经过且与四个 "基本单元" 1两两相连接的各 边重合。
14、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 征在于, 所述基本平面控制轴线为呈 或两个以上的 "tt"上下或左右相 接。
15、 根据权利要求 9所述的一种新型低层预制装配式钢结构房屋体系, 其特 征在于: 所述 "基本单元"所所述 "组合单元"根据实际使用需求沿着 "基 本平面" 3的正交轴线方向不断拼装形成各种不同规模和形状的房屋平面。
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