WO2011005067A1 - Ascenseur à force motrice gravitationnelle pour passagers ou charge - Google Patents

Ascenseur à force motrice gravitationnelle pour passagers ou charge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011005067A1
WO2011005067A1 PCT/MX2009/000109 MX2009000109W WO2011005067A1 WO 2011005067 A1 WO2011005067 A1 WO 2011005067A1 MX 2009000109 W MX2009000109 W MX 2009000109W WO 2011005067 A1 WO2011005067 A1 WO 2011005067A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elevator
load
cabin
counterweight
variable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2009/000109
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin
Original Assignee
Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin filed Critical Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin
Publication of WO2011005067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011005067A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
    • B66B17/12—Counterpoises
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to passenger and / or passenger elevators, and more specifically to an elevator driven by gravitational driving force for passengers or cargo operated by chains, servomotors and variable-weight counterweights.
  • the present invention relates to Mexican Patent No. 0 239211, granted to the holder of the present application, which describes a passenger or cargo lift operated by a system consisting of chains, counterweights and servomotors, and that with the invention that here it will be described below it acquires even greater benefits in terms of the decrease in energy consumption for the vertical transportation of passengers or cargo by adopting variable load weights that automatically adjust to the conditions of each travel of Ascent or descent with a live load that can range from zero to the maximum load allowed for that lift. In this way, the need for the elevator traction motor is almost eliminated, leaving the job of raising or lowering the cabin as a work to be carried out due to the variable counterweight that occurs when imbalance is desired in one direction or another. to get the elevator car up or down, for each load condition.
  • the elevator of the invention referred to in the preceding paragraph is an improved version of traditional elevators for passengers or cargo, but with improved traction and control systems in such a way that they grant to the system a better performance in terms of power consumption, precision and safety.
  • the main objective of the present invention is to propose an elevator that does not require or minimize the consumption of the power necessary for the translation of the load and use the own potential energy of gravity to align it to our own benefit, dosing it in the sense and the amount necessary for it to work, firstly, to provide constant equilibrium under static conditions and, secondly, to create the imbalance necessary to overcome frictional forces and achieve the expected acceleration, in the sense desired by the user.
  • Another additional objective of the present invention is to develop the principle of a safer elevator than conventional ones based on the concept that the masses of the system are in a static state in constant equilibrium, which breaks only when we intend to carry out A job of translation.
  • Another additional objective of the new invention is to propose an elevator that uses components that by their nature are more appropriate to reduce maintenance needs and, at the same time, extend their useful life.
  • a further objective of the invention is to create an elevator that, before the total suspension of electric energy during a trip, can take the cabin by opening brakes with a small source of power from a battery, to the opening area of doors in the floors, taking advantage of the fact that the energy to move it is gravitational and this avoids passengers trapped due to lack of energy.
  • one more objective of the new elevator is to replace the needs of power energy with control energy, through a control system through which the necessary commands are achieved with precision, effectiveness and safety so that each of the components that make up the elevator as a whole act in the manner and sequence that are required.
  • weights can be taken that not only exceed the cabin's own weight, but can also be considered additional weights for up to 50% of the load to be lifted, without there being a problem of pulling on the chains for reasons of inertia, during braking processes.
  • the counterweights of variable load which have two additional functions, which is to balance the weight of the live load to be transported and unbalance the driving system when it is intended to start the movement of the elevator.
  • the gravitational driving force elevator for passengers or cargo comprising:
  • a passenger or cargo lift based on the concept of having a driving and control mechanism that maintains the constant balance between the cabin and its load versus the counterweight under static conditions and provides a controlled imbalance when the dynamic conditions that are to be obtained are obtained. originate the movement up or down the load, taking advantage of gravitational energy;
  • ii) a system of two variable load weights, one installed in the cabin itself and the other installed in the counterweight itself; iii) a system of chains, catarinas, arrows and anti-friction bearings that connect both counterweights to each other along the entire length of the elevator car;
  • a motor system of the counterweight itself constituted by a servo motor with brake and encoder, a reversible speed reducer of the planetary type and a copy of connection with the arrow that moves the catarinas and consequently the chains and the position of the counterweights;
  • an elevator control system consisting of electrical protections, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a digital and analog type communication system, a power source for transmitting both input and output signals, a servo amplifier motion control to be able to move and control the cab's own traction servo motor, a servo motion control amplifier to be able to move and control the variable compensation weights servo motor itself, a resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the cabin, an electrical resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the counterweights of variable mass, a system of relays that allow the target actions, called the elevator, opening and closing of doors and safety systems such as over-steps, over-speeds and photocell obstruction for the closing of cabin doors;
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • an electric power supply system to allow the manual opening of the brakes in a controlled manner in order to ensure that while the imbalance of the drive system remains during the suspension of power to the elevator, the cabin can be allowed to be carried to the Door opening area where passengers can get off without getting caught for long periods.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an isometric view of the main elements of the new elevator with a single traction equipment from the top, the fixed counterweight and the variable load counterweights, both in the cabin and the elevator's own counterweight.
  • FIGURE 2 shows an isometric approach of the upper part of the driving equipment of Figure 1 in order to highlight the details of these.
  • FIGURE 3 shows an isometric approach of the cabin weights and the counterweight where the shape of the variable load weights is detailed.
  • FIGURE 4 corresponds to a block diagram showing the main equipment involved in the control of the operation movements of the elevator.
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a variant of the elevator in which the counterweights of the drive system are located at the top.
  • the new passenger or cargo elevator of the present invention which operates on the basis of chains, counterweights and servomotors consists of an elevator cabin (1) constituted by a platform and a safety framework of structural type (2), in whose upper part the traction chains (3) will be coupled.
  • the rear wall of the elevator car (1) is not shown in Figure 1 for the purpose of showing the elements that would remain behind it.
  • the elevator car (1) ascends and descends, sliding vertically on side rails (4) on which four sliding shoes or slices guides (5) run, which are firmly screwed to the four vertices of the safety frame (2) of the elevator car (1).
  • the chains (3) go up to traction catarinas (6) that are mounted on a horizontal traction arrow (7) and two bearings (8) at their ends.
  • the catarinas (6) are fixedly coupled to the traction arrow by means of wedges or any other attachment that does not allow sliding with the tractor arrow.
  • At one end of the tractor arrow (7) it is coupled to the speed reducer by means of a copy (9) which aims to absorb any linear or angular misalignment with the output arrow of the speed reducer (10).
  • a traction servomotor (11) representing together the driving part of the entire elevator.
  • a drum or disc type brake can be mounted as safety equipment. All this set must be mounted on a base plate (12) that has sufficient rigidity which will be anchored to a structure (13) that is supported by the elevator hub or the machine room.
  • a base plate (12) that has sufficient rigidity which will be anchored to a structure (13) that is supported by the elevator hub or the machine room.
  • it can use rubber-coated steel cables for lifts and smooth pulleys instead of catarinas.
  • the chains (3) are coupled to the safety frame (2) of the cabin and rise vertically to deflector catarinas (14) that are mounted on an arrow (15) which rotates on two bearings (16).
  • the chains (3) are connected to the tractor catarinas (6), which are mounted on the arrow (7) that turns on the bearings (8) and then go down vertically until it engages with the fixed mass counterweight (17) .
  • the counterweight of fixed mass has a mass equivalent to 100% of the mass of the cabin (1) plus 50% of the mass of the load that is intended to be transported, thereby achieving that the energy consumption to raise the totally cabin charged or to lower it without any charge are equivalent; these being the conditions of maximum load to which the traction and driving elements of the elevator will be subjected.
  • the size of the driving equipment is optimized very important, since they will only be calculated for 50% of the maximum load to be raised or lowered in any of the ascent or descent movements.
  • the counterweight similar to the cabin, is guided vertically by two rails (18) on which the sliding or common alignment slices slide in these cases.
  • the cabin (1), the tractor chains (3), the counterweight (17), the return chain (19) and again the cabin (1) form a non-elastic sliding closed circuit, thus achieving a absolute precision in their relative movements and with a greater balance between the masses of the cabin loads plus the load to be lifted and the load of the counterweight.
  • the tractor catarinas (6) being smaller in diameter than the traction pulleys for traditional cables, allow to maintain higher angular speeds in the output shaft of the speed reducer, which requires lower speed ratios in the reducer (10 ), providing greater efficiency to it, so that in this case the selection of planetary type speed reducers is more appropriate than traditionally used helical speed reducers, increasing efficiency in factors that exceed 15% against the latter.
  • planetary type reducers can transmit proportionally higher torques compared to helical reducers, and allow significantly higher overload factors.
  • the efficiency of the type of planetary gearboxes is generally greater than 95%, these being of a compact size and generally not requiring maintenance, since there are no elements subject to friction as in the case of helical gearboxes.
  • the planetary type reducers are reversible and are usually of high precision (zero backlash).
  • the inherent design of the catarinas to be coupled with the traction chains has no slippage, so there is no friction wear between these two elements while maintaining their original conditions for longer.
  • the weights or masses of the elevator car and its counterweight can be varied with this system by means of additional weights (24) that are added to those of the cabin and weights (25) that are added to the elevator weight. Both additional counterweights are hung on two chain legs, one ascending (26) that rises from the elastic connection with the cabin (1) to the catarinas (27), to continue surrounding them at the top and returning with other vertical legs (28 ) until connected elastically with the upper part of the counterweight (17) of the lift.
  • the weights that can be as shown on the basis of stackable plates of high specific weight that are shown are numerals (24) and (25), placed at the ends of the chain (26) and (28).
  • these counterweights and their driving system is to influence or not to influence the weight of the cabin when changing the condition of an empty cabin, to a full one and vice versa, so that this variation in weight is compensated with additional weight to the counterweight of the elevator.
  • the above is achieved by rotating the compensation catarins (27) of the car's weight and the counterweight of the elevator that is carried out during the process of entering the load or exiting the cabin and the car Doors close.
  • the catarinas (6) and the catarinas (27) will rotate at the same speed if they are of the same diameter such that the displacement of the chain (26) and (28) is the same that the chains (3) and the servomotors are fully synchronized.
  • the synchronization is broken and the necessary compensations are carried out to subsequently re-enter in synchrony.
  • the work of compensating the additional counterweights is very fast, requires little chain translation from one side to the other and requires very little energy to only move a few weight plates at a time, since the rest of the counterweight plates is in everything Compensated moment with the counterweights on the chain leg on the other side.
  • the reverse brakes of the traditional elevators which are normally coupled to the speed reducer, are not required, instead having a static brake coupled directly to the rotor of the servomotor (11) and ( 33), that is to say on the low torque side of the system and which allows for its inherent characteristics, to have a better coordination in the braking and release process that acts in just a matter of milliseconds.
  • a brake can be attached directly to the traction arrow, as an additional safety measure, especially in the case of a break in the traction copy.
  • the servomotors when entering the condition of failure or lack of energy can be programmed so that their brakes act immediately and stop suddenly and that their windings go into short circuit, through resistors of controlled value so that the emergency stop is smooth , allowing the load to slide very smoothly in a controlled manner so that no impacts of the cabin are visualized on the top or against the elevator pit due to over speed, overload, over regeneration or regeneration overvoltage.
  • the characteristics of the servomotors themselves allow them to maintain a static locked rotor position, for the different stops of the elevator car with an even greater capacity than what is normally obtained with the back brakes of traditional elevators.
  • Servo motors that have normally been designed as driving equipment for highly repetitive processes have the following advantages that differentiate them from traditional electric motors of elevators: they are designed and manufactured for a large number of starts and stops without the stators failing from overheating ; Although they are of more compact frames, they are made of materials that allow greater heat dissipation; windings are made with thinner wires and in much larger numbers than traditional motors having a higher current density; permanent magnets are very powerful allowing them to develop relatively high powers in relatively small frames; They are of programmable frequency, voltage, torque and amperage, so their performance is totally predictable, having an encoder that allows us to feedback all these parameters to the servo amplifier that sends the power and power current to the rear of the rotor arrow. programmed control according to the servo motor controller signals. No further details are provided in the description of this patent concerning servomotors since these are commonly used in the industry.
  • the elevator controls are constituted as they appear in figure 4 and are basically constituted by the following elements: a programmable logic controller (PLC) (40), where the elevator control and operation logic program resides and which Its function is to register the call commands (41) of the elevator car, either from any of the floors to which it is intended to serve, where the up or down buttons (42) are located, as well as Commands of the elevator car keypad to go up or down when pressed by the operator or passengers.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • (PLC) (40) accumulates queued calls sequentially when the elevator is in operation. This also allows the independent operation of the servomotor brakes in order to obtain the states of load balancing expressed above.
  • the control logic programs are similar to those used in integrated circuits with traditional microprocessors of any type of elevator so I will not abound at this point and will only make reference in the sense that the programmable logic controller (PLC) has the ability to replace traditional elevator controllers in a reliable way and with greater potential for use due to their universal characteristics as an element of control of any type of process.
  • the programmable logic controller has the ability to receive analog and digital signals according to the needs of each case and send the output signals in either of the two systems to the elevator's driving elements.
  • the input and output signals to the PLC are given through an electronic communication system (43) of the digital and analog type.
  • the entire system requires a low voltage power supply (44) to transmit the various commands.
  • PLC is the servo amplifier (46) servo motor motion controller for traction control of the elevator car, which sends the start signals to the servo motor, also connected to the logic control of the logic control programmer (PLC), there is the servo amplifier (47) servo motor movement controller for the control of the movement of the variable weights, which send the start signals to the servo motors, which have been programmed, in such a way that the acceleration times or cycles, maximum speed, torques and position conditions where accelerations and decelerations begin and end as well as unemployment; all this with the feedback of the encoder mounted on the rotor arrow of the servomotors (48) and (49).
  • the vertical displacement system is governed by vertical position coordinates relative of the chain that through the appropriate conversions by the radius of the Catarina and the transmission ratio of the speed reducer, the conversion of coordinates to pulses of the encoder or for its proper programming is obtained.
  • programmable logic controllers allows us the possibility of increasing reliability in terms of security by connecting the PLC in parallel with a remote one through a broadband network such as the internet, that is, in redundancy.
  • a broadband network such as the internet
  • reliability is also increased, since each servomotor has its own encoder and therefore parallel feedback signals are obtained.
  • the current communications technology allows PLCs to connect in open networks with monitoring and data acquisition systems that enable the development of diagnostics and communication with intelligent building management systems.
  • the position of the variable load counterweight is different, as in that already described, they rest or are reloaded on the floor of the elevator car, while in said second variant they can be located above or below the safety frame of the cabin (2), with the same concept of the drive system and without adding torque on the rails of the cabin.
  • the job of the traction servomotor will be to provide a small torque to help achieve the desired acceleration in the shortest possible time; but above all to maintain the pre-programmed conditions of speed, deceleration ⁇ and stop at the times and distances that are defined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ascenseur à force motrice gravitationnelle pour passagers ou charge qui utilise des chaînes, des servo-moteurs et des contrepoids de charge variable, dans lequel deux contrepoids de charge variable raccordés l'un à l'autre par une chaîne de compensation, raccordés à un servo-moteur au moyen d'un réducteur planétaire de vitesse, qui permettent de par leur position relative par rapport à la cabine de l'ascenseur et au contrepoids de masse fixe, en premier lieu, d'équilibrer les poids des deux côtés du système moteur et, en second lieu, par l'intermédiaire de la position programmée du servo-moteur de compensation, de créer un déséquilibre artificiel qui, lors du relâchement des freins des servo-moteurs et du frein antirecul, si l'ascenseur est équipé d'un tel frein, occasionne le glissement de la charge verticalement vers le haut ou vers le bas de manière contrôlée, par la programmation d'un deuxième servomoteur de traction qui aide à accélérer par application d'une faible quantité d'énergie et qui contrôle la décélération de manière programmée ainsi que l'arrêt de l'ascenseur sur le lieu exact programmé. Le nouvel ascenseur réduit ou élimine les besoins de traction dans les ascenseurs et ne requiert que l'énergie de contrôle et une très faible quantité pour l'alimentation en énergie du système moteur.
PCT/MX2009/000109 2009-07-07 2009-10-09 Ascenseur à force motrice gravitationnelle pour passagers ou charge WO2011005067A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2009007300A MX2009007300A (es) 2009-07-07 2009-07-07 Elevador de fuerza motriz gravitacional para pasajeros o carga.
MXMX/A/2009/007300 2009-07-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011005067A1 true WO2011005067A1 (fr) 2011-01-13

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PCT/MX2009/000109 WO2011005067A1 (fr) 2009-07-07 2009-10-09 Ascenseur à force motrice gravitationnelle pour passagers ou charge

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MX (1) MX2009007300A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011005067A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230242378A1 (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Otis Elevator Company Elevator counterweight

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2048853U (zh) * 1989-04-08 1989-12-06 万西澄 节能电梯
JPH0725568A (ja) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-27 Kajima Corp 昇降機のカウンターウェイトチェンジシステム
WO2003078291A1 (fr) * 2002-03-15 2003-09-25 Negroni Automazioni S.R.L. Ascenseur a gravite
JP2005187156A (ja) * 2003-12-25 2005-07-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp エレベーター
US20080230322A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2008-09-25 Woon Tae Chung Small Power Elevator
CN201217594Y (zh) * 2008-04-11 2009-04-08 刘立伟 一种带子母对重的曳引传动机构

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2048853U (zh) * 1989-04-08 1989-12-06 万西澄 节能电梯
JPH0725568A (ja) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-27 Kajima Corp 昇降機のカウンターウェイトチェンジシステム
WO2003078291A1 (fr) * 2002-03-15 2003-09-25 Negroni Automazioni S.R.L. Ascenseur a gravite
JP2005187156A (ja) * 2003-12-25 2005-07-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp エレベーター
US20080230322A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2008-09-25 Woon Tae Chung Small Power Elevator
CN201217594Y (zh) * 2008-04-11 2009-04-08 刘立伟 一种带子母对重的曳引传动机构

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230242378A1 (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Otis Elevator Company Elevator counterweight
US11952241B2 (en) * 2022-01-28 2024-04-09 Otis Elevator Company Elevator counterweight

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