WO2011005067A1 - Gravitational motive-force elevator for passengers or a load - Google Patents

Gravitational motive-force elevator for passengers or a load Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011005067A1
WO2011005067A1 PCT/MX2009/000109 MX2009000109W WO2011005067A1 WO 2011005067 A1 WO2011005067 A1 WO 2011005067A1 MX 2009000109 W MX2009000109 W MX 2009000109W WO 2011005067 A1 WO2011005067 A1 WO 2011005067A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elevator
load
cabin
counterweight
variable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2009/000109
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin
Original Assignee
Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin
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Publication date
Application filed by Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin filed Critical Luis Rodolfo Zamorano Morfin
Publication of WO2011005067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011005067A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
    • B66B17/12—Counterpoises
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to passenger and / or passenger elevators, and more specifically to an elevator driven by gravitational driving force for passengers or cargo operated by chains, servomotors and variable-weight counterweights.
  • the present invention relates to Mexican Patent No. 0 239211, granted to the holder of the present application, which describes a passenger or cargo lift operated by a system consisting of chains, counterweights and servomotors, and that with the invention that here it will be described below it acquires even greater benefits in terms of the decrease in energy consumption for the vertical transportation of passengers or cargo by adopting variable load weights that automatically adjust to the conditions of each travel of Ascent or descent with a live load that can range from zero to the maximum load allowed for that lift. In this way, the need for the elevator traction motor is almost eliminated, leaving the job of raising or lowering the cabin as a work to be carried out due to the variable counterweight that occurs when imbalance is desired in one direction or another. to get the elevator car up or down, for each load condition.
  • the elevator of the invention referred to in the preceding paragraph is an improved version of traditional elevators for passengers or cargo, but with improved traction and control systems in such a way that they grant to the system a better performance in terms of power consumption, precision and safety.
  • the main objective of the present invention is to propose an elevator that does not require or minimize the consumption of the power necessary for the translation of the load and use the own potential energy of gravity to align it to our own benefit, dosing it in the sense and the amount necessary for it to work, firstly, to provide constant equilibrium under static conditions and, secondly, to create the imbalance necessary to overcome frictional forces and achieve the expected acceleration, in the sense desired by the user.
  • Another additional objective of the present invention is to develop the principle of a safer elevator than conventional ones based on the concept that the masses of the system are in a static state in constant equilibrium, which breaks only when we intend to carry out A job of translation.
  • Another additional objective of the new invention is to propose an elevator that uses components that by their nature are more appropriate to reduce maintenance needs and, at the same time, extend their useful life.
  • a further objective of the invention is to create an elevator that, before the total suspension of electric energy during a trip, can take the cabin by opening brakes with a small source of power from a battery, to the opening area of doors in the floors, taking advantage of the fact that the energy to move it is gravitational and this avoids passengers trapped due to lack of energy.
  • one more objective of the new elevator is to replace the needs of power energy with control energy, through a control system through which the necessary commands are achieved with precision, effectiveness and safety so that each of the components that make up the elevator as a whole act in the manner and sequence that are required.
  • weights can be taken that not only exceed the cabin's own weight, but can also be considered additional weights for up to 50% of the load to be lifted, without there being a problem of pulling on the chains for reasons of inertia, during braking processes.
  • the counterweights of variable load which have two additional functions, which is to balance the weight of the live load to be transported and unbalance the driving system when it is intended to start the movement of the elevator.
  • the gravitational driving force elevator for passengers or cargo comprising:
  • a passenger or cargo lift based on the concept of having a driving and control mechanism that maintains the constant balance between the cabin and its load versus the counterweight under static conditions and provides a controlled imbalance when the dynamic conditions that are to be obtained are obtained. originate the movement up or down the load, taking advantage of gravitational energy;
  • ii) a system of two variable load weights, one installed in the cabin itself and the other installed in the counterweight itself; iii) a system of chains, catarinas, arrows and anti-friction bearings that connect both counterweights to each other along the entire length of the elevator car;
  • a motor system of the counterweight itself constituted by a servo motor with brake and encoder, a reversible speed reducer of the planetary type and a copy of connection with the arrow that moves the catarinas and consequently the chains and the position of the counterweights;
  • an elevator control system consisting of electrical protections, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a digital and analog type communication system, a power source for transmitting both input and output signals, a servo amplifier motion control to be able to move and control the cab's own traction servo motor, a servo motion control amplifier to be able to move and control the variable compensation weights servo motor itself, a resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the cabin, an electrical resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the counterweights of variable mass, a system of relays that allow the target actions, called the elevator, opening and closing of doors and safety systems such as over-steps, over-speeds and photocell obstruction for the closing of cabin doors;
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • an electric power supply system to allow the manual opening of the brakes in a controlled manner in order to ensure that while the imbalance of the drive system remains during the suspension of power to the elevator, the cabin can be allowed to be carried to the Door opening area where passengers can get off without getting caught for long periods.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an isometric view of the main elements of the new elevator with a single traction equipment from the top, the fixed counterweight and the variable load counterweights, both in the cabin and the elevator's own counterweight.
  • FIGURE 2 shows an isometric approach of the upper part of the driving equipment of Figure 1 in order to highlight the details of these.
  • FIGURE 3 shows an isometric approach of the cabin weights and the counterweight where the shape of the variable load weights is detailed.
  • FIGURE 4 corresponds to a block diagram showing the main equipment involved in the control of the operation movements of the elevator.
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a variant of the elevator in which the counterweights of the drive system are located at the top.
  • the new passenger or cargo elevator of the present invention which operates on the basis of chains, counterweights and servomotors consists of an elevator cabin (1) constituted by a platform and a safety framework of structural type (2), in whose upper part the traction chains (3) will be coupled.
  • the rear wall of the elevator car (1) is not shown in Figure 1 for the purpose of showing the elements that would remain behind it.
  • the elevator car (1) ascends and descends, sliding vertically on side rails (4) on which four sliding shoes or slices guides (5) run, which are firmly screwed to the four vertices of the safety frame (2) of the elevator car (1).
  • the chains (3) go up to traction catarinas (6) that are mounted on a horizontal traction arrow (7) and two bearings (8) at their ends.
  • the catarinas (6) are fixedly coupled to the traction arrow by means of wedges or any other attachment that does not allow sliding with the tractor arrow.
  • At one end of the tractor arrow (7) it is coupled to the speed reducer by means of a copy (9) which aims to absorb any linear or angular misalignment with the output arrow of the speed reducer (10).
  • a traction servomotor (11) representing together the driving part of the entire elevator.
  • a drum or disc type brake can be mounted as safety equipment. All this set must be mounted on a base plate (12) that has sufficient rigidity which will be anchored to a structure (13) that is supported by the elevator hub or the machine room.
  • a base plate (12) that has sufficient rigidity which will be anchored to a structure (13) that is supported by the elevator hub or the machine room.
  • it can use rubber-coated steel cables for lifts and smooth pulleys instead of catarinas.
  • the chains (3) are coupled to the safety frame (2) of the cabin and rise vertically to deflector catarinas (14) that are mounted on an arrow (15) which rotates on two bearings (16).
  • the chains (3) are connected to the tractor catarinas (6), which are mounted on the arrow (7) that turns on the bearings (8) and then go down vertically until it engages with the fixed mass counterweight (17) .
  • the counterweight of fixed mass has a mass equivalent to 100% of the mass of the cabin (1) plus 50% of the mass of the load that is intended to be transported, thereby achieving that the energy consumption to raise the totally cabin charged or to lower it without any charge are equivalent; these being the conditions of maximum load to which the traction and driving elements of the elevator will be subjected.
  • the size of the driving equipment is optimized very important, since they will only be calculated for 50% of the maximum load to be raised or lowered in any of the ascent or descent movements.
  • the counterweight similar to the cabin, is guided vertically by two rails (18) on which the sliding or common alignment slices slide in these cases.
  • the cabin (1), the tractor chains (3), the counterweight (17), the return chain (19) and again the cabin (1) form a non-elastic sliding closed circuit, thus achieving a absolute precision in their relative movements and with a greater balance between the masses of the cabin loads plus the load to be lifted and the load of the counterweight.
  • the tractor catarinas (6) being smaller in diameter than the traction pulleys for traditional cables, allow to maintain higher angular speeds in the output shaft of the speed reducer, which requires lower speed ratios in the reducer (10 ), providing greater efficiency to it, so that in this case the selection of planetary type speed reducers is more appropriate than traditionally used helical speed reducers, increasing efficiency in factors that exceed 15% against the latter.
  • planetary type reducers can transmit proportionally higher torques compared to helical reducers, and allow significantly higher overload factors.
  • the efficiency of the type of planetary gearboxes is generally greater than 95%, these being of a compact size and generally not requiring maintenance, since there are no elements subject to friction as in the case of helical gearboxes.
  • the planetary type reducers are reversible and are usually of high precision (zero backlash).
  • the inherent design of the catarinas to be coupled with the traction chains has no slippage, so there is no friction wear between these two elements while maintaining their original conditions for longer.
  • the weights or masses of the elevator car and its counterweight can be varied with this system by means of additional weights (24) that are added to those of the cabin and weights (25) that are added to the elevator weight. Both additional counterweights are hung on two chain legs, one ascending (26) that rises from the elastic connection with the cabin (1) to the catarinas (27), to continue surrounding them at the top and returning with other vertical legs (28 ) until connected elastically with the upper part of the counterweight (17) of the lift.
  • the weights that can be as shown on the basis of stackable plates of high specific weight that are shown are numerals (24) and (25), placed at the ends of the chain (26) and (28).
  • these counterweights and their driving system is to influence or not to influence the weight of the cabin when changing the condition of an empty cabin, to a full one and vice versa, so that this variation in weight is compensated with additional weight to the counterweight of the elevator.
  • the above is achieved by rotating the compensation catarins (27) of the car's weight and the counterweight of the elevator that is carried out during the process of entering the load or exiting the cabin and the car Doors close.
  • the catarinas (6) and the catarinas (27) will rotate at the same speed if they are of the same diameter such that the displacement of the chain (26) and (28) is the same that the chains (3) and the servomotors are fully synchronized.
  • the synchronization is broken and the necessary compensations are carried out to subsequently re-enter in synchrony.
  • the work of compensating the additional counterweights is very fast, requires little chain translation from one side to the other and requires very little energy to only move a few weight plates at a time, since the rest of the counterweight plates is in everything Compensated moment with the counterweights on the chain leg on the other side.
  • the reverse brakes of the traditional elevators which are normally coupled to the speed reducer, are not required, instead having a static brake coupled directly to the rotor of the servomotor (11) and ( 33), that is to say on the low torque side of the system and which allows for its inherent characteristics, to have a better coordination in the braking and release process that acts in just a matter of milliseconds.
  • a brake can be attached directly to the traction arrow, as an additional safety measure, especially in the case of a break in the traction copy.
  • the servomotors when entering the condition of failure or lack of energy can be programmed so that their brakes act immediately and stop suddenly and that their windings go into short circuit, through resistors of controlled value so that the emergency stop is smooth , allowing the load to slide very smoothly in a controlled manner so that no impacts of the cabin are visualized on the top or against the elevator pit due to over speed, overload, over regeneration or regeneration overvoltage.
  • the characteristics of the servomotors themselves allow them to maintain a static locked rotor position, for the different stops of the elevator car with an even greater capacity than what is normally obtained with the back brakes of traditional elevators.
  • Servo motors that have normally been designed as driving equipment for highly repetitive processes have the following advantages that differentiate them from traditional electric motors of elevators: they are designed and manufactured for a large number of starts and stops without the stators failing from overheating ; Although they are of more compact frames, they are made of materials that allow greater heat dissipation; windings are made with thinner wires and in much larger numbers than traditional motors having a higher current density; permanent magnets are very powerful allowing them to develop relatively high powers in relatively small frames; They are of programmable frequency, voltage, torque and amperage, so their performance is totally predictable, having an encoder that allows us to feedback all these parameters to the servo amplifier that sends the power and power current to the rear of the rotor arrow. programmed control according to the servo motor controller signals. No further details are provided in the description of this patent concerning servomotors since these are commonly used in the industry.
  • the elevator controls are constituted as they appear in figure 4 and are basically constituted by the following elements: a programmable logic controller (PLC) (40), where the elevator control and operation logic program resides and which Its function is to register the call commands (41) of the elevator car, either from any of the floors to which it is intended to serve, where the up or down buttons (42) are located, as well as Commands of the elevator car keypad to go up or down when pressed by the operator or passengers.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • (PLC) (40) accumulates queued calls sequentially when the elevator is in operation. This also allows the independent operation of the servomotor brakes in order to obtain the states of load balancing expressed above.
  • the control logic programs are similar to those used in integrated circuits with traditional microprocessors of any type of elevator so I will not abound at this point and will only make reference in the sense that the programmable logic controller (PLC) has the ability to replace traditional elevator controllers in a reliable way and with greater potential for use due to their universal characteristics as an element of control of any type of process.
  • the programmable logic controller has the ability to receive analog and digital signals according to the needs of each case and send the output signals in either of the two systems to the elevator's driving elements.
  • the input and output signals to the PLC are given through an electronic communication system (43) of the digital and analog type.
  • the entire system requires a low voltage power supply (44) to transmit the various commands.
  • PLC is the servo amplifier (46) servo motor motion controller for traction control of the elevator car, which sends the start signals to the servo motor, also connected to the logic control of the logic control programmer (PLC), there is the servo amplifier (47) servo motor movement controller for the control of the movement of the variable weights, which send the start signals to the servo motors, which have been programmed, in such a way that the acceleration times or cycles, maximum speed, torques and position conditions where accelerations and decelerations begin and end as well as unemployment; all this with the feedback of the encoder mounted on the rotor arrow of the servomotors (48) and (49).
  • the vertical displacement system is governed by vertical position coordinates relative of the chain that through the appropriate conversions by the radius of the Catarina and the transmission ratio of the speed reducer, the conversion of coordinates to pulses of the encoder or for its proper programming is obtained.
  • programmable logic controllers allows us the possibility of increasing reliability in terms of security by connecting the PLC in parallel with a remote one through a broadband network such as the internet, that is, in redundancy.
  • a broadband network such as the internet
  • reliability is also increased, since each servomotor has its own encoder and therefore parallel feedback signals are obtained.
  • the current communications technology allows PLCs to connect in open networks with monitoring and data acquisition systems that enable the development of diagnostics and communication with intelligent building management systems.
  • the position of the variable load counterweight is different, as in that already described, they rest or are reloaded on the floor of the elevator car, while in said second variant they can be located above or below the safety frame of the cabin (2), with the same concept of the drive system and without adding torque on the rails of the cabin.
  • the job of the traction servomotor will be to provide a small torque to help achieve the desired acceleration in the shortest possible time; but above all to maintain the pre-programmed conditions of speed, deceleration ⁇ and stop at the times and distances that are defined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

A gravitational motive-force elevator for passengers or a load, which makes use of chains, servomotors and variable-load counterpoises, in which two variable-load counterpoises connected together by means of a compensating chain, connected to a servomotor via a planetary speed reducer, make it possible, via the relative position thereof with respect to the elevator car and to the fixed-mass counterpoise, first to equilibrate the weights of the two sides of the drive system and, second, by means of the programmed position of the compensation servomotor, to create an artificial disequilibrium that, when the servomotor brakes and over-running brake, if there is one, are released, results in the vertical, upward or downward sliding of the load, in a controlled manner, by means of the programming of a second traction servomotor that assists acceleration by applying very little energy and that controls deceleration in a programmed manner and stopping of the elevator in the precise location programmed. The novel elevator reduces or eliminates the need for traction energy in elevators and requires only control energy and a very small proportion for energizing the drive system.

Description

ELEVADOR DE FUERZA MOTRIZ GRAVITACIONAL PARA GRAVITATIONAL MOTOR FORCE ELEVATOR FOR
PASAJEROS O CARGA PASSENGERS OR CARGO
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Campo de la Invención. Field of the Invention
La presente invención se relaciona con elevadores de pasajeros y/o pasajeros, y más específicamente a un elevador accionado por fuerza motriz gravitacional para pasajeros o carga operado mediante cadenas, servomotores y contrapesos de carga variable.  The present invention relates to passenger and / or passenger elevators, and more specifically to an elevator driven by gravitational driving force for passengers or cargo operated by chains, servomotors and variable-weight counterweights.
Técnica Anterior. Previous Technique
La presente invención se relaciona con la Patente Mexicana N0 239211, otorgada al titular de la presente solicitud, en la que se describe un elevador de pasajeros o carga operado mediante un sistema constituido por cadenas, contrapesos y servomotores, y que con la invención que aquí se describirá más adelante adquiere beneficios aún mayores en lo que se refiere a la disminución del consumo de energía para la transportación vertical de pasajeros o carga mediante la adopción de contrapesos de carga variable que se ajusten en forma automática a las condiciones de cada viaje de ascenso o descenso con una carga viva que puede oscilar entre cero y la carga máxima permitida para ese elevador. De esta forma, prácticamente casi se elimina la necesidad del motor de tracción del elevador, dejando el trabajo de la elevación o descenso de la cabina como un trabajo a realizar por el contrapeso variable que produce cuando se desea el desbalance en un sentido o en otro para lograr que la cabina del elevador suba o baje, para cada condición de carga. The present invention relates to Mexican Patent No. 0 239211, granted to the holder of the present application, which describes a passenger or cargo lift operated by a system consisting of chains, counterweights and servomotors, and that with the invention that here it will be described below it acquires even greater benefits in terms of the decrease in energy consumption for the vertical transportation of passengers or cargo by adopting variable load weights that automatically adjust to the conditions of each travel of Ascent or descent with a live load that can range from zero to the maximum load allowed for that lift. In this way, the need for the elevator traction motor is almost eliminated, leaving the job of raising or lowering the cabin as a work to be carried out due to the variable counterweight that occurs when imbalance is desired in one direction or another. to get the elevator car up or down, for each load condition.
El elevador de la invención referida en el párrafo anterior es una versión mejorada de los elevadores tradicionales para pasajeros o carga, pero con los sistemas de tracción y control mejorados de tal forma que le otorgan al sistema un mejor desempeño en cuanto a la potencia consumida, precisión y seguridad. The elevator of the invention referred to in the preceding paragraph is an improved version of traditional elevators for passengers or cargo, but with improved traction and control systems in such a way that they grant to the system a better performance in terms of power consumption, precision and safety.
OBJETOS DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de la presente invención es el proponer un elevador que no requiera o minimice el consumo de la potencia necesaria para la traslación de la carga y utilice la propia energía potencial de la gravedad para alinearla en nuestro propio beneficio, dosificándola en el sentido y la cantidad necesaria para que trabaje, en primer lugar, para que proporcione el equilibrio constante bajo condiciones estáticas y, en segundo lugar, para crear el desequilibrio necesario para vencer las fuerzas de fricción y conseguir la aceleración esperada, en el sentido deseado por el usuario. Therefore, the main objective of the present invention is to propose an elevator that does not require or minimize the consumption of the power necessary for the translation of the load and use the own potential energy of gravity to align it to our own benefit, dosing it in the sense and the amount necessary for it to work, firstly, to provide constant equilibrium under static conditions and, secondly, to create the imbalance necessary to overcome frictional forces and achieve the expected acceleration, in the sense desired by the user.
Otro objetivo adicional de la presente invención es el de desarrollar el principio de un elevador más seguro que los convencionales a partir del concepto de que las masas del sistema se encuentran en estado estático en constante equilibrio, el cual se rompe solo cuando pretendemos llevar a cabo un trabajo de traslación.  Another additional objective of the present invention is to develop the principle of a safer elevator than conventional ones based on the concept that the masses of the system are in a static state in constant equilibrium, which breaks only when we intend to carry out A job of translation.
Otro objetivo adicional de la nueva invención es proponer un elevador que utilice componentes que por su naturaleza sean más apropiados para disminuir las necesidades de mantenimiento y, al mismo tiempo, alargar la vida útil de las mismas.  Another additional objective of the new invention is to propose an elevator that uses components that by their nature are more appropriate to reduce maintenance needs and, at the same time, extend their useful life.
Un objetivo más de la invención es crear un elevador que ante la suspensión total de energía eléctrica durante un viaje, se pueda llevar la cabina mediante la apertura de frenos con una pequeña fuente de poder de una batería, hasta la zona de apertura de puertas en los pisos, aprovechando que la energía para moverlo es la gravitacional y con esto se eviten los pasajeros atrapados por falta de energía.  A further objective of the invention is to create an elevator that, before the total suspension of electric energy during a trip, can take the cabin by opening brakes with a small source of power from a battery, to the opening area of doors in the floors, taking advantage of the fact that the energy to move it is gravitational and this avoids passengers trapped due to lack of energy.
Finalmente, un objetivo más del nuevo elevador es el de sustituir las necesidades de energía de potencia por energía de control, a través de un sistema de control mediante el cual se logren con precisión, efectividad y seguridad los comandos necesarios para que cada uno de los componentes que integran el elevador en su totalidad actúen en la forma y secuencia que son requeridos. Finally, one more objective of the new elevator is to replace the needs of power energy with control energy, through a control system through which the necessary commands are achieved with precision, effectiveness and safety so that each of the components that make up the elevator as a whole act in the manner and sequence that are required.
COMPENDIO DE LA INVENCIÓN SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
De conformidad con la nueva invención, a continuación se indican las innovaciones principales que la caracterizan: In accordance with the new invention, the main innovations that characterize it are indicated below:
a) sustitución de los cables de tracción por cadenas de tracción, pero en un circuito cerrado en donde las cadenas sirven tanto para jalar la cabina del elevador como para jalar hacia abajo también al contrapeso, con lo que se puede obtener un mejor comportamiento de este último y en consecuencia se pueden tener contrapesos que no solo exceden el peso propio de la cabina sino que se puede considerar contrapesos adicionales hasta por el 50 % de la carga que se pretende levantar, sin que exista un problema de tirones sobre las cadenas por motivos de la inercia, durante los procesos de frenado. Asimismo, parte fundamental de la nueva propuesta vienen a ser los contrapesos de carga variable, que tienen dos funciones adicionales que es la de equilibrar el peso de la carga viva que se va a transportar y desequilibrar el sistema motriz cuando se pretende iniciar el movimiento del elevador. b) inclusión de dos contrapesos adicionales siendo uno para la cabina y el otro para el propio contrapeso referido en el párrafo anterior, que trasladan los efectos de sus pesos de la cabina al contrapeso y viceversa, para lograr el equilibrio permanente de la carga más la cabina y el contrapeso bajo condiciones estáticas y posteriormente, para lograr el desbalance favorable a fin de propiciar el movimiento de ascenso o descenso sin la necesidad de potencia en el servomotor de tracción del elevador. a) replacement of the traction cables by traction chains, but in a closed circuit where the chains serve both to pull the elevator car and to pull down also to the counterweight, so that a better performance of this can be obtained Lastly, and consequently, weights can be taken that not only exceed the cabin's own weight, but can also be considered additional weights for up to 50% of the load to be lifted, without there being a problem of pulling on the chains for reasons of inertia, during braking processes. Likewise, a fundamental part of the new proposal is the counterweights of variable load, which have two additional functions, which is to balance the weight of the live load to be transported and unbalance the driving system when it is intended to start the movement of the elevator. b) inclusion of two additional counterweights being one for the cabin and the other for the counterweight itself referred to in the previous paragraph, which transfer the effects of their cabin weights to the counterweight and vice versa, to achieve the permanent balance of the load plus the cabin and counterweight under static conditions and subsequently, to achieve favorable imbalance in order to promote ascent or descent movement without the need for power in the elevator traction servomotor.
c) selección de los equipos motrices de tracción, en virtud de que se usan reductores de velocidad tipo planetario que tienen una mejor eficiencia y exactitud, acoplados a servomotores que nos permiten programar con total exactitud las características de los movimientos que sean requeridos por el elevador, además de que son mucho más compactos y están diseñados para arranques frecuentes, teniendo velocidad variable y sin requerir demandas pico durante los arranques, lo que no obliga a un sobre- dimensionamiento de los equipos motrices, que por lo general afectan al factor de potencia con los consecuentes incrementos en costos operativos.  c) selection of traction drive equipment, because planetary speed reducers are used that have better efficiency and accuracy, coupled to servomotors that allow us to program with full accuracy the characteristics of the movements that are required by the elevator , in addition to being much more compact and designed for frequent starts, having variable speed and without requiring peak demands during starts, which does not require an oversizing of the driving equipment, which usually affects the power factor with the consequent increases in operating costs.
d) sustitución del sistema tradicional de control, por un sistema constituido por un controlador lógico programable (PLC) y el controlador de los servomotores que junto con los codificadores de los servomotores proporcionan el posicionamiento exacto, así como las características de velocidad y par que son pre- programados en forma óptima para tener el mejor comportamiento del sistema y obtener las compensaciones que fuesen eventualmente necesarias.  d) replacement of the traditional control system, by a system consisting of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and the servo motor controller that together with the servo motor encoders provide the exact positioning, as well as the speed and torque characteristics that are optimally pre-programmed to have the best system behavior and obtain the compensations that may be necessary.
En una modalidad preferida de realización de la presente invención, el elevador de fuerza motriz gravitacional para pasajeros o carga, que comprende: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gravitational driving force elevator for passengers or cargo, comprising:
i) un elevador de pasajeros o carga basado en el concepto de tener un mecanismo motriz y de control que mantiene el equilibrio constante entre la cabina y su carga versus el contrapeso bajo condiciones estáticas y proporciona un desequilibrio controlado cuando se quieren obtener las condiciones dinámicas que originan el movimiento hacia arriba o hacia abajo de la carga, aprovechando la energía gravitacional; i) a passenger or cargo lift based on the concept of having a driving and control mechanism that maintains the constant balance between the cabin and its load versus the counterweight under static conditions and provides a controlled imbalance when the dynamic conditions that are to be obtained are obtained. originate the movement up or down the load, taking advantage of gravitational energy;
ii) un sistema de dos contrapesos de carga variable, uno instalado en la propia cabina y el otro instalado en el propio contrapeso; iii) un sistema de cadenas, catarinas, flechas y rodamientos antifricción que conectan ambos contrapesos entre sí a lo largo de todo el recorrido de la cabina del elevador; ii) a system of two variable load weights, one installed in the cabin itself and the other installed in the counterweight itself; iii) a system of chains, catarinas, arrows and anti-friction bearings that connect both counterweights to each other along the entire length of the elevator car;
iv) un sistema motriz del propio contrapeso constituido por un servomotor con freno y codificador, un reductor de velocidad reversible del tipo planetario y un copie de conexión con la flecha que mueve las catarinas y en consecuencia las cadenas y la posición de los contrapesos; iv) a motor system of the counterweight itself constituted by a servo motor with brake and encoder, a reversible speed reducer of the planetary type and a copy of connection with the arrow that moves the catarinas and consequently the chains and the position of the counterweights;
v) un sistema de apertura progresiva de las diferentes placas de cada uno de los contrapesos, que permite que estos se vayan abriendo o cerrando conforme a la posición relativa de las cadenas de las cuales estos cuelgan; v) a system of progressive opening of the different plates of each of the counterweights, which allows them to open or close according to the relative position of the chains from which they hang;
vi) un sistema de control del elevador consistente de protecciones eléctricas, un controlador lógico programable (PLC), un sistema de comunicaciones del tipo digital y analógico, una fuente de poder para transmitir las señales tanto de entrada como de salida, un servo amplificador de control de movimiento para poder mover y controlar el propio servomotor de tracción de la cabina, un servo amplificador de control de movimiento para poder mover y controlar el propio servomotor de compensación de los contrapesos de carga variable, una resistencia para absorber la energía eléctrica requerida para frenar el movimiento de la cabina, una resistencia eléctrica para absorber la energía eléctrica requerida para frenar el movimiento de los contrapesos de masa variable, un sistema de relevadores que permiten las acciones de destino, llamados del elevador, apertura y cierre de puertas y sistemas de seguridades como sobre-pasos, sobre-velocidades y obstrucción de foto-celda para el cierre de puertas de cabina; vi) an elevator control system consisting of electrical protections, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a digital and analog type communication system, a power source for transmitting both input and output signals, a servo amplifier motion control to be able to move and control the cab's own traction servo motor, a servo motion control amplifier to be able to move and control the variable compensation weights servo motor itself, a resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the cabin, an electrical resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the counterweights of variable mass, a system of relays that allow the target actions, called the elevator, opening and closing of doors and safety systems such as over-steps, over-speeds and photocell obstruction for the closing of cabin doors;
vii) un sistema de equilibrio de pesos automático entre el peso de la cabina más el peso de la carga a ser transportada, versus el peso del contrapeso de masa fija, más el contrapeso de carga variable del mismo, consistente de la liberación de frenos momentánea de la cadena de tracción, mientras se mantiene frenada la cadena de contrapesos variable, hasta donde la suma de los pesos de ambas masas se iguala; y  vii) an automatic weight balancing system between the weight of the cabin plus the weight of the load to be transported, versus the weight of the fixed mass counterweight, plus the variable load counterweight of the same, consisting of momentary brake release of the traction chain, while the variable counterweight chain is being braked, to which the sum of the weights of both masses is equalized; Y
viii) un sistema de alimentación de energía eléctrica para permitir en forma controlada la apertura manual de los frenos a fin de lograr que mientras permanezca el desbalance del sistema motriz durante la suspensión de energía al elevador, se pueda permitir que la cabina sea llevada hasta la zona de apertura de puertas en donde puedan bajar los pasajeros sin quedar atrapados durante largos ratos.  viii) an electric power supply system to allow the manual opening of the brakes in a controlled manner in order to ensure that while the imbalance of the drive system remains during the suspension of power to the elevator, the cabin can be allowed to be carried to the Door opening area where passengers can get off without getting caught for long periods.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
LA FIGURA 1, muestra una vista isométrica de los principales elementos del nuevo elevador con un solo equipo de tracción de la parte superior, el contrapeso fijo y los contrapesos de carga variable, tanto en la cabina como el propio contrapeso del elevador. FIGURE 1 shows an isometric view of the main elements of the new elevator with a single traction equipment from the top, the fixed counterweight and the variable load counterweights, both in the cabin and the elevator's own counterweight.
LA FIGURA 2, muestra un acercamiento isométrico de la parte superior del equipo motriz de la figura 1 con el propósito de resaltar los detalles de éstos.  FIGURE 2 shows an isometric approach of the upper part of the driving equipment of Figure 1 in order to highlight the details of these.
LA FIGURA 3, muestra un acercamiento isométrico de los contrapesos de la cabina y el contrapeso donde se detalla la forma de los contrapesos de carga variable. LA FIGURA 4, corresponde a un diagrama de bloques mostrando los principales equipos que intervienen en el control de los movimientos de operación del elevador. FIGURE 3 shows an isometric approach of the cabin weights and the counterweight where the shape of the variable load weights is detailed. FIGURE 4 corresponds to a block diagram showing the main equipment involved in the control of the operation movements of the elevator.
LA FIGURA 5, es una vista en perspectiva de una variante del elevador en el que los contrapesos del sistema motriz se hayan ubicados en la parte superior.  FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a variant of the elevator in which the counterweights of the drive system are located at the top.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LAS MODALIDADES PREFERIDAS DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION
Con referencia a las figuras que se acompañan, y en particular a la figura 1, el nuevo elevador de pasajeros o carga de la presente invención, el cual opera con base en cadenas, contrapesos y servomotores consiste de una cabina del elevador (1) constituida por una plataforma y un marco de seguridad de tipo estructural (2), en cuya parte superior serán acopladas las cadenas de tracción (3). La pared posterior de la cabina del elevador (1) no se muestra en la figura 1 con el propósito de mostrar los elementos que quedarían detrás de ella. La cabina del elevador (1) asciende y desciende, deslizándose verticalmente sobre unos rieles laterales (4) sobre los que corren cuatro zapatas deslizantes o guías de rodajas (5), que van firmemente atornilladas a los cuatro vértices del marco de seguridad (2) de la cabina del elevador (1). En el puente superior del marco de seguridad (2) del elevador se encuentran conectadas dos o más cadenas (3) paralelas de eslabones de acero que sustituyen a los tradicionales cables tractores de acero de los elevadores. Dichas cadenas tienen la ventaja de tener un radio de doblez mucho más reducido que el que se usa normalmente para los cables de acero de tracción, además de que tienen coeficientes de estiramiento inferiores a los normalmente encontrados en los cables de acero, así también proporcionan coeficientes de seguridad superiores. Actualmente existe una variedad muy grande de tipos de cadenas de transmisión en el mercado dependiendo del tipo de uso que se le va a otorgar e incluyendo aquellos tipos de cadenas que no requieren lubricación pues se encuentran manufacturadas con metales pre-lubricados. With reference to the accompanying figures, and in particular to figure 1, the new passenger or cargo elevator of the present invention, which operates on the basis of chains, counterweights and servomotors consists of an elevator cabin (1) constituted by a platform and a safety framework of structural type (2), in whose upper part the traction chains (3) will be coupled. The rear wall of the elevator car (1) is not shown in Figure 1 for the purpose of showing the elements that would remain behind it. The elevator car (1) ascends and descends, sliding vertically on side rails (4) on which four sliding shoes or slices guides (5) run, which are firmly screwed to the four vertices of the safety frame (2) of the elevator car (1). In the upper bridge of the safety frame (2) of the elevator are connected two or more parallel chains (3) of steel links that replace the traditional steel tractor cables of the elevators. Such chains have the advantage of having a much smaller bending radius than is normally used for tensile steel cables, in addition to having lower stretch coefficients than those normally found in steel cables, they also provide coefficients. superior security. Currently there is a very large variety of types of transmission chains in the market depending on the type of use that will be granted and including those types of chains that do not require lubrication because they are manufactured with pre-lubricated metals.
Las cadenas (3) suben hasta unas catarinas (6) de tracción que se encuentran montadas sobre una flecha de tracción horizontal (7) y dos chumaceras (8) en sus extremos. Las catarinas (6) van fijamente acopladas a la flecha de tracción mediante cuñas o cualquier otro aditamento que no permita el deslizamiento con la flecha tractora. En un extremo de la flecha tractora (7), ésta se acopla al reductor de velocidad mediante un copie (9) que tiene el objetivo de absorber cualquier desalineamiento lineal o angular con la flecha de salida del reductor de velocidad (10). Acoplado directamente al reductor de velocidad (10), que es de tipo planetario, va un servomotor de tracción (11), representando en conjunto la parte motriz de todo el elevador. En el otro extremo de la flecha podrá ir montado un freno de tipo tambor o disco como equipo de seguridad. Todo este conjunto deberá ir montado sobre una placa base (12) que tenga suficiente rigidez la cual irá anclada a una estructura (13) que va soportada por el cubo del elevador o el cuarto de máquinas. En una variante de este sistema motriz, éste puede usar cables de acero revestido con caucho para elevadores y poleas lisas en lugar de catarinas.  The chains (3) go up to traction catarinas (6) that are mounted on a horizontal traction arrow (7) and two bearings (8) at their ends. The catarinas (6) are fixedly coupled to the traction arrow by means of wedges or any other attachment that does not allow sliding with the tractor arrow. At one end of the tractor arrow (7), it is coupled to the speed reducer by means of a copy (9) which aims to absorb any linear or angular misalignment with the output arrow of the speed reducer (10). Directly coupled to the speed reducer (10), which is of the planetary type, there is a traction servomotor (11), representing together the driving part of the entire elevator. At the other end of the arrow a drum or disc type brake can be mounted as safety equipment. All this set must be mounted on a base plate (12) that has sufficient rigidity which will be anchored to a structure (13) that is supported by the elevator hub or the machine room. In a variant of this drive system, it can use rubber-coated steel cables for lifts and smooth pulleys instead of catarinas.
Las cadenas (3) van acopladas al marco de seguridad (2) de la cabina y suben verticalmente hasta unas catarinas deflectoras (14) que van montadas sobre una flecha (15) la cual gira sobre dos chumaceras (16). A continuación, las cadenas (3) se conectan con las catarinas tractoras (6), que van montadas sobre la flecha (7) que gira sobre las chumaceras (8) para después bajar verticalmente hasta acoplarse con el contrapeso de masa fija (17). El contrapeso de masa fija, tiene una masa equivalente al 100% de la masa de la cabina (1) más el 50% de la masa de la carga que se pretende transportar, con lo que se logra que los consumos de energía para subir la cabina totalmente cargada o para bajarla sin carga alguna sean equivalentes; siendo estas las condiciones de carga máxima a las cuales estarán sometidos los elementos de tracción y motrices del elevador. Bajo estas condiciones se optimiza en forma muy importante el tamaño de los equipos motrices, toda vez que únicamente estarán calculados para el 50% de la carga máxima a elevar o a bajar en cualquiera de los movimientos de ascenso o descenso. El contrapeso en forma similar a la cabina, se encuentra guiado verticalmente por dos rieles (18) sobre los cuales se deslizan las correderas o las rodajas de alineamiento comunes en estos casos. The chains (3) are coupled to the safety frame (2) of the cabin and rise vertically to deflector catarinas (14) that are mounted on an arrow (15) which rotates on two bearings (16). Next, the chains (3) are connected to the tractor catarinas (6), which are mounted on the arrow (7) that turns on the bearings (8) and then go down vertically until it engages with the fixed mass counterweight (17) . The counterweight of fixed mass, has a mass equivalent to 100% of the mass of the cabin (1) plus 50% of the mass of the load that is intended to be transported, thereby achieving that the energy consumption to raise the totally cabin charged or to lower it without any charge are equivalent; these being the conditions of maximum load to which the traction and driving elements of the elevator will be subjected. Under these conditions the size of the driving equipment is optimized very important, since they will only be calculated for 50% of the maximum load to be raised or lowered in any of the ascent or descent movements. The counterweight, similar to the cabin, is guided vertically by two rails (18) on which the sliding or common alignment slices slide in these cases.
En la parte inferior del contrapeso se encuentran dos o más cadenas descendentes (19) que corren verticalmente para girar alrededor de unas terceras catarinas de tensión (20) que se encuentran acopladas firmemente a unas flechas (21) y cuatro chumaceras (22) las cuales van firmemente ancladas a otra estructura (23) que va anclada al piso de la fosa del elevador. Una vez que dichas cadenas (19) dan la vuelta alrededor de las catarinas tensoras (20), suben en un ángulo de aproximadamente 90°. A partir de este momento, las cadenas (19) suben verticalmente hasta ser firmemente acopladas a la parte inferior del marco de seguridad (2) de la cabina (1).  In the lower part of the counterweight there are two or more descending chains (19) that run vertically to rotate around a third tension catarinas (20) that are firmly coupled to some arrows (21) and four bearings (22) which they are firmly anchored to another structure (23) that is anchored to the floor of the elevator pit. Once said chains (19) go around the tensioning catarinas (20), they rise at an angle of approximately 90 °. From this moment, the chains (19) rise vertically until they are firmly coupled to the bottom of the safety frame (2) of the cabin (1).
De esta forma, la cabina (1), las cadenas tractoras (3), el contrapeso (17), la cadena de retorno (19) y nuevamente la cabina (1), forman un circuito cerrado deslizante no elástico, logrando con esto una absoluta precisión en sus movimientos relativos y con un mayor equilibrio entre las masas de las cargas de la cabina más la carga a levantar y la carga del contrapeso.  In this way, the cabin (1), the tractor chains (3), the counterweight (17), the return chain (19) and again the cabin (1), form a non-elastic sliding closed circuit, thus achieving a absolute precision in their relative movements and with a greater balance between the masses of the cabin loads plus the load to be lifted and the load of the counterweight.
Las catarinas tractoras (6), al ser de menor diámetro que las poleas tractoras para cables tradicionales, permiten el mantener velocidades angulares mayores en la flecha de salida del reductor de velocidad, con lo que se requieren menores relaciones de velocidad en el reductor (10), proporcionándole una mayor eficiencia al mismo, por lo que en este caso resulta más adecuada la selección de reductores de velocidad tipo planetario que los reductores de velocidad tipo helicoidal usados tradicionalmente, incrementando la eficiencia en factores que superan el 15% contra estos últimos. Así, también tiene la ventaja de que los reductores de tipo planetario pueden transmitir torques proporcionalmente superiores comparados con los reductores helicoidales, y permiten factores de sobrecarga significativamente más altos. La eficiencia del tipo de reductores planetarios, por lo general es superior al 95%, siendo éstos de un tamaño compacto y no requiriendo por lo general mantenimiento, toda vez que no existen elementos sujetos a fricción como en el caso de los reductores helicoidales. Los reductores del tipo planetario son reversibles y por lo general son de alta precisión (cero backlash). El diseño inherente de las catarinas para ser acopladas con las cadenas de tracción no tiene deslizamiento alguno, por lo que no existe desgaste por fricción entre estos dos elementos manteniendo durante más tiempo sus condiciones originales. The tractor catarinas (6), being smaller in diameter than the traction pulleys for traditional cables, allow to maintain higher angular speeds in the output shaft of the speed reducer, which requires lower speed ratios in the reducer (10 ), providing greater efficiency to it, so that in this case the selection of planetary type speed reducers is more appropriate than traditionally used helical speed reducers, increasing efficiency in factors that exceed 15% against the latter. Thus, it also has the advantage that planetary type reducers can transmit proportionally higher torques compared to helical reducers, and allow significantly higher overload factors. The efficiency of the type of planetary gearboxes is generally greater than 95%, these being of a compact size and generally not requiring maintenance, since there are no elements subject to friction as in the case of helical gearboxes. The planetary type reducers are reversible and are usually of high precision (zero backlash). The inherent design of the catarinas to be coupled with the traction chains has no slippage, so there is no friction wear between these two elements while maintaining their original conditions for longer.
Los pesos o masas de la cabina del elevador y el contrapeso del mismo pueden ser variados con este sistema mediante pesos adicionales (24) que se agregan a los de la cabina y pesos (25) que se agregan al contrapeso del elevador. Ambos contrapesos adicionales van colgados de dos piernas de cadena, una ascendente (26) que sube desde la conexión elástica con la cabina (1) hasta las catarinas (27), para continuar rodeándolas por la parte superior y regresando con otras piernas verticales (28) hasta conectarse elásticamente con la parte superior del contrapeso (17) del elevador. Colgados de los extremos de estas cadenas van los pesos que pueden ser como los mostrados en base a placas apilables de alto peso específico que son mostrados es los numerales (24) y (25), colocados en los extremos de la cadena (26) y (28). Estas placas tienen mecanismos deslizantes progresivos, que hacen que el efecto de peso sea incremental de acuerdo a la posición relativa de las cadenas (26) y (28). Más explícitamente, estas placas estarán abiertas en la cabina, sin recargar su peso sobre la misma, mientras las placas en el contrapeso estarán cerradas, recargando su peso sobre el contrapeso y viceversa en movimientos proporcionales y relativos de un contrapeso de carga variable con respecto al otro. Directamente acoplados a las catarinas (27) va una flecha (29), que se encuentra soportada por dos chumaceras (30) a cada extremo que van instaladas sobre la placa estructural (12) instalada en la parte superior del cubo del elevador. La flecha (29) va directamente acoplada mediante un copie (31) al reductor planetario (32), que a su vez está acoplado directamente el servomotor de compensación (33), estando fijos estos últimos dos a la placa base (12). The weights or masses of the elevator car and its counterweight can be varied with this system by means of additional weights (24) that are added to those of the cabin and weights (25) that are added to the elevator weight. Both additional counterweights are hung on two chain legs, one ascending (26) that rises from the elastic connection with the cabin (1) to the catarinas (27), to continue surrounding them at the top and returning with other vertical legs (28 ) until connected elastically with the upper part of the counterweight (17) of the lift. The weights that can be as shown on the basis of stackable plates of high specific weight that are shown are numerals (24) and (25), placed at the ends of the chain (26) and (28). These plates have progressive sliding mechanisms, which make the weight effect incremental according to the relative position of the chains (26) and (28). More explicitly, these plates will be open in the cabin, without reloading their weight on it, while the plates on the counterweight will be closed, reloading their weight on the counterweight and vice versa in proportional and relative movements of a variable load counterweight with respect to the other. Directly coupled to the catarinas (27) is an arrow (29), which is supported by two bearings (30) at each end that are installed on the structural plate (12) installed in the upper part of the elevator hub. The arrow (29) is directly coupled by a copy (31) to the planetary reducer (32), which in turn is directly coupled to the compensation servo motor (33), the latter two being fixed to the base plate (12).
El objetivo de dichos contrapesos y su sistema motriz es el de incidir o no incidir sobre el peso de la cabina al cambiar de condición de una cabina vacía, a una llena y viceversa, de tal manera que esa variación de peso sea compensada con peso adicional al contrapeso del elevador. Lo anterior se logra haciendo girar en un sentido o en el contrario las catarinas de compensación (27) de peso de la cabina y contrapeso del elevador que se lleva a cabo durante el proceso de la entrada de la carga o salida de la cabina y el cierre de las puertas. Esto se logra en la condición estática del elevador, en donde al cerrar las puertas de la cabina, se suelta el freno del servomotor (11), y se permite que la cabina suba si sale carga o baje si entra carga, mediante la acción de la gravedad, hasta tomar parte de la carga del contrapeso variable (24) y libere peso de las placas (25) que inciden sobre el contrapeso (17). Es decir, las masas en el lado de la cabina y el contrapeso siempre estarán en equilibrio bajo condiciones estáticas. Una vez compensada las cargas se restablece el equilibrio y se podrá desequilibrar el sistema como fuerzas dinámicas actuantes, las necesarias para lograr la aceleración mediante la gravedad sobre cuál de los dos lados pesa más. Si es el contrapeso para subir o la cabina para bajar, debiendo tomar en consideración las pérdidas por fricción en todo el sistema de catarinas, guías de rodaja y rieles.  The purpose of these counterweights and their driving system is to influence or not to influence the weight of the cabin when changing the condition of an empty cabin, to a full one and vice versa, so that this variation in weight is compensated with additional weight to the counterweight of the elevator. The above is achieved by rotating the compensation catarins (27) of the car's weight and the counterweight of the elevator that is carried out during the process of entering the load or exiting the cabin and the car Doors close. This is achieved in the static condition of the elevator, where when the doors of the cabin are closed, the brake of the servomotor (11) is released, and the cabin is allowed to rise if load goes out or lowers if cargo enters, by means of the action of gravity, until taking part of the load of the variable counterweight (24) and free weight of the plates (25) that affect the counterweight (17). That is, the masses on the side of the cabin and the counterweight will always be in balance under static conditions. Once the loads have been compensated, the balance is restored and the system can be unbalanced as dynamic acting forces, those necessary to achieve acceleration through gravity on which of the two sides weighs the most. If it is the counterweight to go up or the cabin to go down, taking into account the friction losses in the whole system of catarinas, slice guides and rails.
Una vez que se inicia el movimiento del elevador, la catarinas (6) y las catarinas (27) girarán a la misma velocidad si son del mismo diámetro de tal manera que el desplazamiento de la cadena (26) y (28) sea el mismo que el de las cadenas (3) y los servomotores vayan totalmente sincronizados. Una vez que el elevador se detiene para agregar o reducir carga a la cabina, se rompe la sincronización y se llevan a cabo las compensaciones necesarias para posteriormente volver a entrar en sincronía. El trabajo de compensación de los contrapesos adicionales es muy rápido, requiere poca traslación de cadena de un lado al otro y requiere muy poca energía para solo mover unas placas de peso a la vez, ya que el resto de las placas de contrapeso está en todo momento compensado con los contrapesos en la pierna de cadena del otro lado. Once the movement of the elevator begins, the catarinas (6) and the catarinas (27) will rotate at the same speed if they are of the same diameter such that the displacement of the chain (26) and (28) is the same that the chains (3) and the servomotors are fully synchronized. One time that the elevator stops to add or reduce load to the cabin, the synchronization is broken and the necessary compensations are carried out to subsequently re-enter in synchrony. The work of compensating the additional counterweights is very fast, requires little chain translation from one side to the other and requires very little energy to only move a few weight plates at a time, since the rest of the counterweight plates is in everything Compensated moment with the counterweights on the chain leg on the other side.
En el presente caso del elevador con servomotores equipados con frenos, no se requieren los frenos de contravuelta de los elevadores tradicionales, que normalmente van acoplados al reductor de velocidad, teniendo en cambio un freno estático acoplado directamente al rotor del servomotor (11) y (33), es decir en el lado de bajo torque del sistema y que permite por sus características inherentes, el tener una mejor coordinación en el proceso de frenado y liberación que actúa en solo cuestión de milisegundos. Sin embargo, se puede acoplar un freno directamente a la flecha de tracción, como una medida adicional de seguridad, sobre todo en el caso de una ruptura en el copie de tracción.  In the present case of the elevator with servomotors equipped with brakes, the reverse brakes of the traditional elevators, which are normally coupled to the speed reducer, are not required, instead having a static brake coupled directly to the rotor of the servomotor (11) and ( 33), that is to say on the low torque side of the system and which allows for its inherent characteristics, to have a better coordination in the braking and release process that acts in just a matter of milliseconds. However, a brake can be attached directly to the traction arrow, as an additional safety measure, especially in the case of a break in the traction copy.
Asimismo, los servomotores al entrar en condición de falla o falta de energía pueden ser programados para que sus frenos actúen de inmediato y paren súbitamente y que sus embobinados entren en cortocircuito, a través de resistencias de valor controlado para que el paro de emergencia sea suave, permitiendo que la carga se deslice muy suavemente en forma controlada de tal manera que no se visualizan impactos de la cabina en la parte superior o contra el foso del elevador por sobrevelocidad, sobrecarga, sobreregeneración o sobrevoltaje de regeneración. Asimismo, las características de los propios servomotores les permiten mantener una posición estática de rotor bloqueado, para las diferentes paradas de la cabina del elevador con una capacidad aún superior a la que normalmente se obtienen con los frenos de contravuelta de los elevadores tradicionales. Los servomotores que normalmente han sido diseñados como equipos motrices para procesos altamente repetitivos tienen las siguientes ventajas que los diferencian de los motores eléctricos tradicionales de los elevadores: se encuentran diseñados y fabricados para una gran cantidad de arranques y paros sin que los estatores fallen por sobrecalentamiento; a pesar de que son de armazones más compactos, están fabricados con materiales que permiten una mayor disipación de calor; los embobinados se encuentran fabricados con alambres más delgados y en mucho mayor número que los motores tradicionales teniendo una mayor densidad de corriente; los magnetos permanentes son muy potentes lo que les permite desarrollar potencias relativamente altas en armazones relativamente pequeños; son de frecuencia, voltaje, torque y amperaje programable por lo que su desempeño es totalmente predecible teniendo acoplado en el extremo posterior de la flecha del rotor un codificador que nos permite retroalimentar todos estos parámetros al servo amplificador que le envía la corriente de potencia y de control en forma programada atendiendo a las señales del controlador del servomotor. No se proporcionan mas detalles en la descripción de esta patente relativa a los servomotores toda vez que estos son de uso común en la industria. Likewise, the servomotors when entering the condition of failure or lack of energy can be programmed so that their brakes act immediately and stop suddenly and that their windings go into short circuit, through resistors of controlled value so that the emergency stop is smooth , allowing the load to slide very smoothly in a controlled manner so that no impacts of the cabin are visualized on the top or against the elevator pit due to over speed, overload, over regeneration or regeneration overvoltage. Also, the characteristics of the servomotors themselves allow them to maintain a static locked rotor position, for the different stops of the elevator car with an even greater capacity than what is normally obtained with the back brakes of traditional elevators. Servo motors that have normally been designed as driving equipment for highly repetitive processes have the following advantages that differentiate them from traditional electric motors of elevators: they are designed and manufactured for a large number of starts and stops without the stators failing from overheating ; Although they are of more compact frames, they are made of materials that allow greater heat dissipation; windings are made with thinner wires and in much larger numbers than traditional motors having a higher current density; permanent magnets are very powerful allowing them to develop relatively high powers in relatively small frames; They are of programmable frequency, voltage, torque and amperage, so their performance is totally predictable, having an encoder that allows us to feedback all these parameters to the servo amplifier that sends the power and power current to the rear of the rotor arrow. programmed control according to the servo motor controller signals. No further details are provided in the description of this patent concerning servomotors since these are commonly used in the industry.
Los controles del elevador se encuentran constituidos como aparecen en la figura 4 y se encuentran básicamente constituidos por los siguientes elementos: un controlador lógico programable (PLC) (40), en donde reside el programa de la lógica de control y operación del elevador y que tiene como función el registrar los comandos de llamada (41) de la cabina del elevador, bien sea de cualquiera de los pisos a los cuales se pretende dar servicio, en donde se encuentran las botoneras (42) de subida o de bajada, así como los comandos de la botonera de la cabina del elevador para subir o bajar al ser presionados por el operador o los pasajeros. Así mismo, el (PLC) (40) acumula las llamadas en cola de espera de manera secuencial cuando el elevador se encuentra en operación. Así también permite la operación independiente de los frenos de los servomotores a fin de obtener los estados de equilibrio de cargas expresados anteriormente. Los programas lógicos de control son similares a los usados en los circuitos integrados con microprocesadores tradicionales de cualquier tipo de elevador por lo que no abundaré en este punto y solo haré referencia en el sentido de que el controlador lógico programable (PLC) tiene la capacidad de sustituir a los controladores tradicionales de elevadores en forma por demás confiable y con mayores potenciales de uso por sus características universales como elemento de control de cualquier tipo de proceso. El controlador lógico programable tiene capacidad de recibir señales analógicas y digitales de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada caso y enviar las señales de salida en cualquiera de los dos sistemas hacia los elementos motrices del elevador. Las señales de entrada y salida al PLC se dan a través de un sistema (43) de comunicación electrónica del tipo digital y analógico. Todo el sistema requiere de una fuente de alimentación (44) de bajo voltaje para transmitir los diversos comandos. The elevator controls are constituted as they appear in figure 4 and are basically constituted by the following elements: a programmable logic controller (PLC) (40), where the elevator control and operation logic program resides and which Its function is to register the call commands (41) of the elevator car, either from any of the floors to which it is intended to serve, where the up or down buttons (42) are located, as well as Commands of the elevator car keypad to go up or down when pressed by the operator or passengers. Likewise, (PLC) (40) accumulates queued calls sequentially when the elevator is in operation. This also allows the independent operation of the servomotor brakes in order to obtain the states of load balancing expressed above. The control logic programs are similar to those used in integrated circuits with traditional microprocessors of any type of elevator so I will not abound at this point and will only make reference in the sense that the programmable logic controller (PLC) has the ability to replace traditional elevator controllers in a reliable way and with greater potential for use due to their universal characteristics as an element of control of any type of process. The programmable logic controller has the ability to receive analog and digital signals according to the needs of each case and send the output signals in either of the two systems to the elevator's driving elements. The input and output signals to the PLC are given through an electronic communication system (43) of the digital and analog type. The entire system requires a low voltage power supply (44) to transmit the various commands.
Conectado con el control lógico del programador lógico de control Connected to the logical control of the logical control programmer
(PLC), se encuentra el servoamplificador (46) controlador de movimientos del servomotor para el control de la tracción de la cabina del elevador, el cual envía las señales de arranque al servomotor, así mismo conectado con el control lógico del programador lógico de control (PLC), se encuentra el servoamplificador (47) controlador de movimientos del servomotor para el control del movimiento de los contrapesos variables, los cuales envían las señales de arranque a los servomotores, mismas que han sido programadas, de forma tal que se establezcan los tiempos o ciclos de aceleración, velocidad máxima, torques y las condiciones de posición en donde inician y terminan las aceleraciones y desaceleraciones así como el paro; todo esto con la retroalimentación del codificador montado en la flecha del rotor de los servomotores (48) y (49). Por lo tanto, se obtiene un lazo cerrado de alimentación y retroalimentación, que nos permite establecer y conocer el comportamiento real del sistema. En este sentido, el sistema de desplazamiento vertical queda regido por coordenadas verticales de posición relativa de la cadena que a través de las conversiones adecuadas por el radio de la Catarina y de la relación de transmisión del reductor de velocidad, se obtiene la conversión de coordenadas a pulsos del codificador o para su adecuada programación. (PLC), is the servo amplifier (46) servo motor motion controller for traction control of the elevator car, which sends the start signals to the servo motor, also connected to the logic control of the logic control programmer (PLC), there is the servo amplifier (47) servo motor movement controller for the control of the movement of the variable weights, which send the start signals to the servo motors, which have been programmed, in such a way that the acceleration times or cycles, maximum speed, torques and position conditions where accelerations and decelerations begin and end as well as unemployment; all this with the feedback of the encoder mounted on the rotor arrow of the servomotors (48) and (49). Therefore, a closed supply and feedback loop is obtained, which allows us to establish and know the real behavior of the system. In this sense, the vertical displacement system is governed by vertical position coordinates relative of the chain that through the appropriate conversions by the radius of the Catarina and the transmission ratio of the speed reducer, the conversion of coordinates to pulses of the encoder or for its proper programming is obtained.
Como se puede apreciar ya resultan innecesarios los sensores externos tanto inductivos como mecánicos u ópticos toda vez que las posiciones se logran a través de la contabilidad de pulsos registrados en el codificador del servomotor. Solo se recomendarían sensores externos de sobrecarrera en la parte superior e inferior del cubo del elevador con el propósito de no depender de un solo sistema para la seguridad del elevador.  As can be seen, both external inductive and mechanical or optical sensors are unnecessary since the positions are achieved through the accounting of pulses recorded in the servo motor encoder. Only external overload sensors on the top and bottom of the elevator hub would be recommended for the purpose of not relying on a single elevator safety system.
Finalmente, el uso de los controladores lógicos programables nos permite la posibilidad de incrementar la confiabilidad en términos de seguridad conectando el PLC en paralelo con uno remoto a través de una red de banda ancha como el internet, es decir, en redundancia. En el caso de elevadores con dos o más servomotores también se incrementa la confiabilidad, ya que cada servomotor cuenta con su propio codificador y por lo tanto se obtienen señales de retroalimentación en paralelo. La actual tecnología en comunicaciones permite a los PLC conectarse en redes abiertas con sistemas de monitoreo y adquisición de datos que posibilita la elaboración de diagnósticos y la comunicación con sistemas de administración de edificios inteligentes.  Finally, the use of programmable logic controllers allows us the possibility of increasing reliability in terms of security by connecting the PLC in parallel with a remote one through a broadband network such as the internet, that is, in redundancy. In the case of elevators with two or more servomotors, reliability is also increased, since each servomotor has its own encoder and therefore parallel feedback signals are obtained. The current communications technology allows PLCs to connect in open networks with monitoring and data acquisition systems that enable the development of diagnostics and communication with intelligent building management systems.
En una modalidad alterna de la invención descrita anteriormente, la posición del contrapeso de carga variable es diferente, pues en la que ya se ha descrito, éstos descansan o se recargan sobre el piso de la cabina del elevador, en tanto que en dicha segunda variante se pueden ubicar por encima o por debajo del marco de seguridad de la cabina (2), con el mismo concepto del sistema motriz y sin agregarle par sobre los rieles de la cabina.  In an alternate embodiment of the invention described above, the position of the variable load counterweight is different, as in that already described, they rest or are reloaded on the floor of the elevator car, while in said second variant they can be located above or below the safety frame of the cabin (2), with the same concept of the drive system and without adding torque on the rails of the cabin.
Adicionalmente, una modalidad adicional podría ser la de sustituir las cadenas por cable de acero plano revestido de caucho y las catarinas por poleas, con el mismo concepto descrito. MODO DE OPERACIÓN Additionally, an additional modality could be to replace the chains with flat steel cable covered with rubber and the catarinas with pulleys, with the same concept described. OPERATION MODE
Desde el punto de vista del usuario, el presente elevador no representa diferencias con los elevadores tradicionales en cuanto a llamadas de piso, apertura y cierre de puertas y comandos de destino. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista del sistema motriz, el concepto es totalmente diferente y novedoso y se describe a continuación:  From the point of view of the user, this elevator does not represent differences with traditional elevators in terms of floor calls, opening and closing doors and destination commands. However, from the point of view of the driving system, the concept is totally different and novel and is described below:
• Una vez que la carga entra al elevador y se oprime el botón de destino, se cierran las puertas y el propio elevador se auto-equilibra mediante la acción de soltar los frenos del servomotor y del freno de contravuelta en el caso de que éste exista, con lo que al recibir esta nueva condición de carga se crea un desequilibrio y por lo tanto la cabina del elevador tiende a bajar y el contrapeso a subir, mientras los contrapesos de carga variable se encuentran inamovibles. Dicha acción despega algunas tabletas del contrapeso de carga variable recargadas sobre la cabina, con lo que disminuye el efecto sobre la misma y en el lado contrario al subir el contrapeso de masa fija entonces se cierran espacios entre las tabletas del contrapeso de carga variable, con lo que se incrementa la masa total del mismo, hasta el punto donde se logra el equilibrio bajo estas nuevas condiciones de carga. Toda esta acción se logra en forma proporcional a la carga que entró a la cabina y por acción solo mecánica a través de la liberación momentánea de los frenos. Con el propósito de que dicha nivelación sea prácticamente imperceptible, las distancias de apertura y cierre de las tabletas del contrapeso de carga variable serán las mínimas.  • Once the load enters the elevator and the destination button is pressed, the doors are closed and the elevator itself is self-balancing by releasing the brakes of the servomotor and the reverse brake in the event that it exists , so that upon receiving this new load condition an imbalance is created and therefore the elevator car tends to lower and the counterweight to rise, while the variable load weights are immovable. This action takes off some of the variable load counterweight tablets reloaded on the cabin, thereby decreasing the effect on it and on the opposite side when the fixed mass counterweight rises then spaces are closed between the variable load counterweight tablets, with which increases its total mass, to the point where equilibrium is achieved under these new loading conditions. All this action is achieved proportionally to the load that entered the cabin and by mechanical action only through the momentary release of the brakes. In order that said leveling is practically imperceptible, the opening and closing distances of the tablets of the variable load counterweight will be the minimum.
• Una vez que estáticamente el sistema motriz se encuentra en equilibrio, es el momento de iniciar el movimiento, el cual se logra creando artificialmente un desequilibrio controlado en el sentido que se desea la traslación. Esto se logra mediante el servomotor de compensación un muy pequeño movimiento que done más peso del contrapeso de carga variable al contrapeso de masa fija, si el movimiento de la cabina se requiere en ascenso, o por el contrario que done más peso a la cabina si lo que se requiere es un descenso de la cabina. Este desequilibrio de las masas crea el movimiento una vez que se liberan todos los frenos de ambos servomotores y el freno de contravuelta en caso de existir. • Once the motor system is statically in equilibrium, it is time to start the movement, which is achieved by artificially creating a controlled imbalance in the direction that the translation is desired. This is achieved by means of the compensation servo motor a very small movement that donates more weight of the variable load counterweight to the fixed mass counterweight, if the movement of the cabin is requires ascending, or on the contrary that donates more weight to the cabin if what is required is a descent of the cabin. This imbalance of the masses creates the movement once all the brakes of both servomotors and the reverse brake are released if they exist.
• El trabajo del servomotor de tracción será el de proporcionar un pequeño par para ayudar a lograr la aceleración deseada en el menor tiempo posible; pero sobre todo para mantener las condiciones pre- programadas de velocidad, desaceleración ~y paro en los tiempos y distancias que sean definidas. • The job of the traction servomotor will be to provide a small torque to help achieve the desired acceleration in the shortest possible time; but above all to maintain the pre-programmed conditions of speed, deceleration ~ and stop at the times and distances that are defined.
• Con el objeto de que la posición relativa de los contrapesos de carga variable no se modifiquen durante el viaje con respecto a la cabina y al contrapeso de masa fija, entonces los dos servomotores deberán girar a la misma velocidad sincronizados y así mantener las variables asignadas al viaje constantes. Una vez que se logra la desaceleración y el paro, se rompe la sincronía de ambos servomotores y se anula en sentido contrario la donación de peso originada por el servomotor de compensación, hasta el punto donde se logre la condición de equilibrio estático del sistema motriz. • In order that the relative position of the variable load weights do not change during the trip with respect to the cabin and the fixed mass counterweight, then the two servomotors must rotate at the same synchronized speed and thus keep the assigned variables to the constant trip. Once the deceleration and unemployment are achieved, the synchrony of both servomotors is broken and the donation of weight caused by the compensation servo motor is canceled in the opposite direction, to the point where the static equilibrium condition of the motor system is achieved.
• Cuando se abren las puertas de la cabina y la carga sale del elevador, entonces se vuelven a liberar los frenos del servo de tracción y contravuelta, en caso de existir, con lo que se logra que la cabina suba ligeramente y el contrapeso de masa fija baje, tomando la cabina un poco de carga de los contrapesos de carga variable y disminuyendo el efecto de éstos sobre el contrapeso de masa fija, hasta lograr un nuevo equilibrio de masas en condiciones estáticas.  • When the doors of the cabin are opened and the load leaves the elevator, then the brakes of the traction and reverse servo are released again, if there is one, so that the cabin is raised slightly and the mass counterweight fixed lower, taking the cabin a little load of the counterweights of variable load and decreasing the effect of these on the fixed mass counterweight, until a new mass balance is achieved in static conditions.
• La energía requerida para frenar el movimiento es de tipo contraelectromotriz y se genera en los servomotores, la cual tiene que ser disipada mediante el uso de resistencias eléctricas instaladas para tal efecto o pueden ser usadas para cargar baterías o re-inyectadas a la propia red eléctrica. Aunque esta invención ha sido descrita en el contexto de la modalidad o forma de realización preferida, para los especialistas en la materia será evidente que el alcance del concepto ejemplificado se extiende más allá del diseño específicamente descrito e ilustrado a otras posibles modalidades alternas de materialización de la invención que sean factibles o viables.• The energy required to stop the movement is counter-electromotive type and is generated in the servomotors, which has to be dissipated through the use of electrical resistors installed for this purpose or can be used to charge batteries or re-injected into the network itself electric Although this invention has been described in the context of the preferred embodiment or embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the exemplified concept extends beyond the design specifically described and illustrated to other possible alternative modalities of materialization of the invention that are feasible or viable.
Además, aunque la invención se ha descrito en detalle, cualquier experto en el campo al que pertenece la invención podrá deducir que algunos elementos constitutivos del nuevo elevador para personas o carga pueden ser sustituidos o bien otros distintos incorporados a la luz de la descripción que antecede sin que ello modifique en esencia el resultado para el que ha sido concebido. In addition, although the invention has been described in detail, any expert in the field to which the invention belongs may deduce that some constituent elements of the new elevator for people or cargo may be substituted or others incorporated in the light of the foregoing description. without this essentially modifying the result for which it was conceived.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Elevador de fuerza motriz gravitacional para pasajeros o carga, que comprende: 1. Gravitational driving force lift for passengers or cargo, comprising:
i) un elevador de pasajeros o carga basado en el concepto de tener un mecanismo motriz y de control que mantiene el equilibrio constante entre la cabina y su carga versus el contrapeso bajo condiciones estáticas y proporciona un desequilibrio controlado cuando se quieren obtener las condiciones dinámicas que originan el movimiento hacia arriba o hacia abajo de la carga, aprovechando la energía gravitacional;  i) a passenger or cargo lift based on the concept of having a driving and control mechanism that maintains the constant balance between the cabin and its load versus the counterweight under static conditions and provides a controlled imbalance when the dynamic conditions that are to be obtained are obtained. originate the movement up or down the load, taking advantage of gravitational energy;
ii) un sistema de dos contrapesos de carga variable, uno instalado en la propia cabina y el otro instalado en el propio contrapeso; iii) un sistema de cadenas, catarinas, flechas y rodamientos antifricción que conectan ambos contrapesos entre sí a lo largo de todo el recorrido de la cabina del elevador;  ii) a system of two variable load weights, one installed in the cabin itself and the other installed in the counterweight itself; iii) a system of chains, catarinas, arrows and anti-friction bearings that connect both counterweights to each other along the entire length of the elevator car;
iv) un sistema motriz del propio contrapeso constituido por un servomotor con freno y codificador, un reductor de velocidad reversible del tipo planetario y un copie de conexión con la flecha que mueve las catarinas y en consecuencia las cadenas y la posición de los contrapesos;  iv) a motor system of the counterweight itself constituted by a servo motor with brake and encoder, a reversible speed reducer of the planetary type and a copy of connection with the arrow that moves the catarinas and consequently the chains and the position of the counterweights;
v) un sistema de apertura progresiva de las diferentes placas de cada uno de los contrapesos, que permite que estos se vayan abriendo o cerrando conforme a la posición relativa de las cadenas de las cuales estos cuelgan;  v) a system of progressive opening of the different plates of each of the counterweights, which allows them to open or close according to the relative position of the chains from which they hang;
vi) un sistema de control del elevador consistente de protecciones eléctricas, un controlador lógico programable (PLC), un sistema de comunicaciones del tipo digital y analógico, una fuente de poder para transmitir las señales tanto de entrada como de salida, un servo amplificador de control de movimiento para poder mover y controlar el propio servomotor de tracción de la cabina, un servo amplificador de control de movimiento para poder mover y controlar el propio servomotor de compensación de los contrapesos de carga variable, una resistencia para absorber la energía eléctrica requerida para frenar el movimiento de la cabina, una resistencia eléctrica para absorber la energía eléctrica requerida para frenar el movimiento de los contrapesos de masa variable, un sistema de relevadores que permiten las acciones de destino, llamados del elevador, apertura y cierre de puertas y sistemas de seguridades como sobre-pasos, sobre- velocidades y obstrucción de foto-celda para el cierre de puertas de cabina; vi) an elevator control system consisting of electrical protections, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a digital and analog type communication system, a power source for transmitting both input and output signals, a servo amplifier motion control to be able to move and control the traction servomotor itself of the cabin, a servo motion control amplifier to be able to move and control the self-compensating servo motor of variable load weights, a resistance to absorb the electrical energy required to stop the movement of the cabin, an electrical resistance to absorb electrical energy required to stop the movement of the counterweights of variable mass, a system of relays that allow target actions, called elevator, opening and closing of doors and security systems such as over-steps, over-speeds and photo-cell obstruction for the closing of cabin doors;
vii) un sistema de equilibrio de pesos automático entre el peso de la cabina más el peso de la carga a ser transportada, versus el peso del contrapeso de masa fija, más el contrapeso de carga variable del mismo, consistente de la liberación de frenos momentánea de la cadena de tracción, mientras se mantiene frenada la cadena de contrapesos variable, hasta donde la suma de los pesos de ambas masas se iguala; y vii) an automatic weight balancing system between the weight of the cabin plus the weight of the load to be transported, versus the weight of the fixed mass counterweight, plus the variable load counterweight of the same, consisting of momentary brake release of the traction chain, while the variable counterweight chain is being braked, to which the sum of the weights of both masses is equalized; Y
viii) un sistema de alimentación de energía eléctrica para permitir en forma controlada la apertura manual de los frenos a fin de lograr que mientras permanezca el desbalance del sistema motriz durante la suspensión de energía al elevador, se pueda permitir que la cabina sea llevada hasta la zona de apertura de puertas en donde puedan bajar los pasajeros sin quedar atrapados durante largos ratos. viii) an electric power supply system to allow the manual opening of the brakes in a controlled manner in order to ensure that while the imbalance of the drive system remains during the suspension of power to the elevator, the cabin can be allowed to be carried to the Door opening area where passengers can get off without getting caught for long periods.
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