WO2011004851A1 - ガラス溶融炉、溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス製品の製造装置、及びガラス製品の製造方法 - Google Patents
ガラス溶融炉、溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス製品の製造装置、及びガラス製品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011004851A1 WO2011004851A1 PCT/JP2010/061561 JP2010061561W WO2011004851A1 WO 2011004851 A1 WO2011004851 A1 WO 2011004851A1 JP 2010061561 W JP2010061561 W JP 2010061561W WO 2011004851 A1 WO2011004851 A1 WO 2011004851A1
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- glass
- particles
- melting furnace
- raw material
- furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
- C03B3/026—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet by charging the ingredients into a flame, through a burner or equivalent heating means used to heat the melting furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/04—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in tank furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/167—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass melting furnace for producing molten glass by forming liquid glass particles from glass raw material particles in a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere, a method for producing molten glass using the glass melting furnace, and a glass equipped with the melting furnace
- the present invention relates to a product manufacturing apparatus and a glass product manufacturing method using the above manufacturing method.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 as a glass melting furnace that melts and accumulates glass raw material particles in a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere to produce molten glass, a glass raw material particle charging portion and a glass raw material particle are placed on the ceiling of the glass melting furnace. And a glass melting furnace provided with a heating means for forming a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere for melting the glass.
- This glass melting furnace melts glass raw material particles charged into the furnace from the glass raw material particle charging section in a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere heated by a heating means into liquid glass particles.
- the glass melt is accumulated at the bottom to form a glass melt, and the glass melt is temporarily stored at the bottom of the glass melting furnace and discharged.
- Such a method for producing molten glass is known as an air melting method for glass.
- the energy consumption of the glass melting step can be reduced to about 1/3 as compared with the melting method by the conventional Siemens kiln, and melting can be performed in a short time. It is said that it is possible to reduce the size, reduce the heat storage chamber, improve the quality, reduce CO 2 , and shorten the time for changing the glass type.
- Such a glass melting method in the air is attracting attention as an energy-saving technique.
- the glass raw material particles introduced from the glass raw material particle introduction part those having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less are generally used.
- the glass raw material particles put into the glass melting furnace are melted into liquid glass particles while descending (flying) in a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere, and the liquid glass particles fall downward to form glass. Accumulate at the bottom of the melting furnace to form a glass melt.
- the liquid glass particles generated from the glass raw material particles are also expressed as glass droplets. In order to generate liquid glass particles from glass raw material particles in a high temperature gas phase atmosphere in a short time, the particle size of the glass raw material particles needs to be small as described above.
- the individual liquid glass particles generated from the individual glass raw material particles need to be particles having substantially the same glass composition.
- the decomposition gas components generated when the glass raw material particles become liquid glass particles are mostly liquid without being confined inside the generated liquid glass particles because both the glass raw material particles and the liquid glass particles are small particles. Released outside the glass particles. For this reason, there is little possibility that a bubble will arise in the glass melt which liquid glass particles accumulated.
- each glass raw material particle is a particle having substantially uniform constituent raw material components, and the glass composition of each liquid glass particle generated therefrom is also uniform.
- the homogenizing means for homogenizing the glass composition of the glass melt required for the conventional glass melting furnace is hardly required in the air melting method. Even if a small number of liquid glass particles have a glass composition different from that of most other liquid glass particles, the liquid glass particles are a small particle size, so a small number of liquid glass particles having a different glass composition. Thus, the heterogeneous region of the glass composition in the glass melt is small, and this heterogeneous region is easily homogenized and disappears in a short time. Thus, in the air melting method, the heat energy required for homogenization of the glass melt can be reduced, and the time required for homogenization can be shortened.
- the glass melting furnace of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of arc electrodes and oxyfuel combustion nozzles as heating means for forming a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere, and is based on a thermal plasma arc or oxyfuel combustion nozzle formed by the plurality of arc electrodes.
- a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere of about 1600 ° C. or higher is formed in the furnace by the oxyfuel flame (frame).
- the glass raw material particles used in Patent Document 1 can be changed into liquid glass particles in a short time, and the particle size is 0.5 mm (weight average) or less from the viewpoint of easy emission of the generated gas. Things are used.
- the thing with a particle size of 0.01 mm (weight average) or more is used from a viewpoint of the cost rise by pulverization of glass raw material particle
- the glass melting furnace of Patent Document 2 includes an oxygen burner attached downward to the ceiling wall of the glass melting furnace as a heating means.
- a gas supply system and a raw material supply system are connected to the oxygen burner so that a supporting gas having an oxygen concentration of 90% by volume or more and a glass raw material are supplied. Therefore, according to this glass melting furnace, an oxygen burner is burned to form a downward flame, and glass raw material particles are supplied downward from the oxygen burner into the flame to generate liquid glass particles in the flame. The liquid glass particles thus collected are accumulated on the bottom of the furnace immediately below the flame to form a glass melt.
- the oxygen burner is disposed so as to penetrate the upstream side wall surface of the ceiling wall of the glass melting furnace.
- the glass melting furnace of Patent Document 2 is provided with an exhaust port for discharging exhaust gas generated when the glass raw material is melted to the outside of the furnace.
- the exhaust port is installed on the downstream side wall surface of the ceiling wall of the glass melting furnace and is connected to a suction fan. By driving the suction fan, exhaust gas in the glass melting furnace is sucked into the flue and exhausted. .
- molten glass manufactured with the glass melting furnace of patent documents 1 and 2 is supplied to a temperature adjustment tank or a clarification tank from a glass melting furnace, and the temperature which can be formed here (about 1000 degreeC in soda-lime glass) ) Until cooled.
- the molten glass is supplied to glass product forming means such as a float bath, a fusion molding machine, a roll-out molding machine, a blow molding machine, and a press molding machine, where it is formed into glass products of various shapes. Then, the molded glass product is cooled to about room temperature by a slow cooling means, and after that, after being subjected to a cutting process by a cutting means and / or other post processes as necessary, it is manufactured into a desired glass product. .
- some of the glass cullet particles charged in the melting furnace are also suspended without reaching the glass melt surface.
- fine glass cullet particles particles in which glass cullet particles are melted, particles in which glass cullet particles once melted are solidified again, particles made of crushed materials of these particles, and the like become floating particles.
- droplets of liquid glass generated when the dropped glass cullet particles collide with the surface of the glass melt or particles in which the solidified product floats. Particles that do not reach the glass melt surface at the bottom of the furnace and are derived from these glass raw material particles and glass cullet particles are hereinafter referred to as floating particles.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a glass melting furnace, a manufacturing method of molten glass, and a glass product that can suppress deterioration in quality of molten glass caused by floating particles adhering to the furnace wall.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing apparatus and a glass product manufacturing method.
- the present invention achieves the glass raw material particles as liquid glass particles in a gas phase atmosphere in the glass melting furnace, and collects the liquid glass particles at the bottom of the glass melting furnace to form a glass melt.
- a glass melting furnace for discharging the glass melt, a flue provided through the ceiling of the glass melting furnace, an upper part in the glass melting furnace arranged around the flue in a plan view A plurality of glass raw material particle charging portions installed downward on the furnace wall portion, and a glass raw material particle is formed into liquid glass particles below the glass raw material particle charging portion provided for each of the plurality of glass raw material particle charging portions.
- a glass melting furnace comprising heating means for forming a phase part, a furnace bottom part for accumulating the liquid glass particles to form a glass melt, and a discharge part for discharging the glass melt I will provide a.
- the present invention provides a method for producing molten glass, characterized in that molten glass is produced using the glass melting furnace of the present invention in order to achieve the above object.
- the flue is arranged at the ceiling of the glass melting furnace, and a plurality of glass raw material particle charging portions are arranged around the flue.
- the suspended particles generated in the gas phase part below the unit and in the vicinity of the gas phase part are efficiently sucked into the flue and exhausted to the outside without going to the furnace wall of the glass melting furnace.
- the as a result the amount of suspended particles adhering to the furnace wall is drastically reduced, so that damage to the furnace wall and deterioration of the quality of the molten glass due to adhering suspended particles to the furnace wall can be prevented.
- the gas phase part is a gas phase part in a high temperature atmosphere state in which the glass raw material particles passing through the gas phase part can be liquid glass particles.
- This gas phase portion is formed below each glass raw material particle charging portion. For this reason, a heating means for forming the gas phase part is also provided for each glass raw material particle input part.
- the glass raw material particles charged from the glass raw material particle charging part are passed through the gas phase part formed below the glass raw material particle charging part and melted.
- the molten glass raw material particles become liquid glass particles and fall downward, temporarily become a glass melt, and are supplied downstream.
- the furnace wall part of the upper part of a glass melting furnace here means the range of the side wall within 1 m from the ceiling part of a glass melting furnace, and the inner wall of a ceiling part.
- the glass melting furnace has the plurality of glass raw material particle charging portions arranged along a concentric circle centered on the flue in a plan view.
- the floating particles generated in the gas phase part below each glass raw material particle charging part can be uniformly sucked and removed by the flue.
- the heating means for forming the gas phase part is a multi-phase arc plasma generator comprising an oxyfuel burner for generating an oxyfuel flame and a pair of electrodes for generating thermal plasma. Of these, at least one of them is preferred.
- a high temperature atmosphere of about 2000 ° C. can be formed in the case of an oxyfuel flame by an oxyfuel burner, and a high temperature atmosphere of 5000 to 20000 ° C. can be formed in the case of thermal plasma. Therefore, the glass raw material particles that descend can be converted into liquid glass particles in a short time.
- the oxyfuel burner and the multiphase arc plasma generator may be installed alone or in combination.
- a burner having a form in which a glass raw material particle charging part is integrated can be used as an oxyfuel burner used as a heating means for forming a gas phase part.
- the glass melting furnace is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having a vertical axis as a central axis, and the flue is provided at a substantially central portion in a plan view.
- the suspended particles in the furnace can be suctioned and removed more stably.
- the glass melting furnace is installed downward at the furnace wall portion of the glass melting furnace and is provided at a predetermined interval so as to surround the plurality of glass raw material particle charging portions. It is preferable to provide a plurality of glass cullet piece input portions for inputting glass cullet pieces.
- glass cullet pieces are dropped from a plurality of glass cullet piece charging parts, and the entire gas phase part below each glass raw material particle charging part is surrounded by the flow of the glass cullet pieces falling,
- the floating particles that are generated in the high-temperature gas phase and directed to the furnace wall are attached to the surface of the glass cullet piece being dropped and collected and dropped.
- the stabilization of the flame by the preheating of a glass cullet piece and a downward flow can be aimed at.
- the glass melting furnace includes a heating means (hereinafter referred to as a second gas phase portion) for forming a gas phase portion (hereinafter also referred to as a second gas phase portion) for heating the glass cullet piece below the glass cullet piece charging portion.
- a heating means for forming a gas phase portion (hereinafter also referred to as a second gas phase portion) for heating the glass cullet piece below the glass cullet piece charging portion.
- heating means referred to as heating means.
- the glass melting furnace has the plurality of glass cullet piece throwing portions arranged along a concentric circle centered on the flue in a plan view.
- the glass cullet piece throwing portion of the present invention is provided to throw a glass cullet piece whose short diameter (a) is 0.1 mm ⁇ a ⁇ 50 mm.
- the glass cullet pieces themselves are less likely to become suspended particles due to the air flow in the glass melting furnace, and the glass cullet pieces are collected from the glass product manufacturing process or from the market.
- the minor axis was defined in consideration of the efficiency in handling and storing and transporting to the glass cullet piece inlet.
- such a glass cullet piece having a short diameter (a) is introduced into the furnace from the glass cullet piece introduction part, and the glass cullet piece being lowered is second gas formed by the second heating means. It is preferred to heat in the phase.
- the glass cullet pieces having the short diameter (a) remain on the sieve having a mesh opening size of 0.1 mm, and the mesh opening size is small. It is specified by passing through a 50 mm sieve.
- the glass cullet pieces with less scattering of the glass cullet pieces together with the glass raw material particles can be charged and melted in the glass melting furnace without preheating. Thereby, it becomes suitable for a large-scale melting furnace suitable for producing glass products of several tens tons / day or more and several hundred tons / day or more.
- the inside of the glass melting furnace can be maintained at a high temperature. Can be melted.
- the present invention provides a glass melting furnace of the present invention, a molding means for molding molten glass provided on the downstream side of the discharge part of the glass melting furnace, and glass after molding
- An apparatus for producing a glass product comprising: a slow cooling means for slowly cooling the glass.
- the present invention provides a process for producing a molten glass by the method for producing a molten glass of the present invention, a process for molding the molten glass, and a process for gradually cooling the glass after molding.
- the manufacturing method of the glass product characterized by including this is provided.
- the glass melting furnace and molten glass manufacturing method of the present invention it is possible to suppress damage to the furnace wall and flue caused by adhering suspended particles to the furnace wall and deterioration of the quality of the molten glass. Therefore, a high-quality molten glass can be manufactured over a long period of time.
- a high-quality molten glass can be manufactured by the molten glass manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of the present invention. Can be produced over a long period of time.
- the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the glass fusing furnace of 1st Embodiment which comprises the manufacturing apparatus of the glass product of this invention Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view of the main part of the glass melting furnace shown in Fig. 1.
- the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the glass melting furnace of 2nd Embodiment which comprises the manufacturing apparatus of the glass product of this invention Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of the main part of the glass melting furnace shown in Fig. 3.
- a heating means for forming a gas phase portion (hereinafter also referred to as a first gas phase portion) in which glass raw material particles are liquid glass particles is oxygen combustion.
- a gas phase portion hereinafter also referred to as a first gas phase portion
- the first gas phase part in which the glass raw material particles are liquid glass particles is composed of a high temperature part in the flame of the oxyfuel burner and in the vicinity of the flame.
- the glass raw material particle input part for supplying the glass raw material particles to the gas phase part is integrated with the oxyfuel burner, and a tube for supplying combustion gas, a tube for supplying oxygen and a glass raw material particle are supplied near the oxyfuel burner outlet.
- the tube to be configured is coaxial.
- This combination of the glass raw material particle charging portion and the oxyfuel combustion burner is referred to as a first heating unit.
- Glass raw material particles, liquid glass particles produced by melting the glass particles, and particles in the middle of becoming liquid glass particles from the glass raw material particles (particles that are liquid glass only on the surface portion) are represented by particles 22 in the drawings of the following embodiments. In the following description, it is referred to as glass raw material particle 22 or the like.
- the glass cullet piece charging part and the oxyfuel burner are separate from each other, and the glass cullet piece is made into the second gas phase part.
- the supply pipe and the oxyfuel burner are arranged close to the upper furnace wall.
- the combination of the glass cullet piece charging portion and the oxyfuel combustion burner is referred to as a second heating unit.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a glass melting furnace 10 of a first embodiment constituting a glass product manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of a main part excluding a ceiling portion of the glass melting furnace 10. is there.
- the first heating unit 18 and the second heating unit 20, which will be described in detail, are simply indicated by ⁇ .
- the glass melting furnace 10 includes a melting tank 12 and an outlet (not shown) as a discharge portion for the glass melt G, and the melting tank 12 and the outlet are made of known refractory bricks.
- the melting tank 12 is configured in a substantially cylindrical shape with the vertical direction as the central axis, and a flue 16 penetrates the ceiling wall 14 through the ceiling wall 14 at a substantially central portion in the plan view of FIG. It is provided in the vertical direction.
- a suction fan 21 is connected to the flue 16 via a cooling device 17 and a dust collector 19, and exhaust gas in the melting tank 12 is sucked by the flue 16 by driving the suction fan 21. .
- the exhaust gas is cooled to a predetermined temperature by the cooling device 17, dust in the exhaust gas is removed by the dust collecting device 19, and then exhausted to the outside by the suction fan 21.
- the flue 16 does not necessarily have to be arranged at substantially the center of the ceiling wall 14, but in order to make the pressure (negative pressure) in the melting tank 12 substantially equal throughout the melting tank 12 as will be described later. It is preferable to dispose it at the substantially central portion of the ceiling wall 14.
- a gas supply unit 23 may be provided for supplying and preheating the glass cullet piece 26 before being supplied from the second heating unit 20 by using a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the flue 16.
- the exhaust gas system 25 is bypassed to the glass cullet piece injection cylinder 34 of the second heating unit 20 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Then, the exhaust gas supplied to the glass cullet piece injection cylinder 34 and contributing to the preheating of the glass cullet piece 26 is guided from the glass cullet piece injection cylinder 34 to the cooling device 17 as necessary, and the dust collector 19 collects dust in the exhaust gas.
- the air is exhausted to the outside by the suction fan 21.
- the glass cullet piece 26 charged from the second heating unit 20 can be preheated using the high-temperature gas discharged from the flue 16, so that the temperature in the glass melting furnace 10 is increased.
- the glass cullet pieces 26 can be melted.
- first heating units 18, 18... And eight second heating units 20, 20... are arranged on the ceiling wall 14, which is the furnace wall portion at the upper part of the melting tank 12, and thereby the furnace air.
- first gas phase portions in which the glass raw material particles are liquid glass particles and eight second gas phase portions for melting the glass cullet pieces are formed.
- the oxyfuel burner in each unit is provided through the ceiling wall 14 so that the flame is directed downward.
- the eight first heating units 18, 18,... are installed at equal intervals on a concentric circle centered on the flue 16 (central axis O) in the plan view of FIG.
- the eight second heating units 20, 20... Surround the eight first heating units 18, 18 and are installed at equal intervals on a concentric circle with the flue 16 as the center.
- the case where the 1st heating unit 18 and the 2nd heating unit 20 are not in the ceiling wall 14 but in the side wall of the upper part of the melting tank 12 is also the scope of the present invention.
- the first heating unit 18 and the second heating unit 20 are provided on the side walls, the first heating unit 18 and the second heating unit 20 are provided on the side walls having a height of 1 m in the vertical direction from the inner wall of the ceiling wall 14 of the melting tank 12. This is because when the first heating unit 18 and the second heating unit 20 are provided in a place exceeding 1 m in the vertical direction from the inner wall of the ceiling wall 14 of the melting tank 12, This is because the vertical distance is too small and the angle formed with the horizontal direction is reduced, and glass particles are sprayed on the opposing wall surface, resulting in furnace wall erosion and accompanying glass contamination, and the second heating unit. This is because the glass cullet is not preheated sufficiently at 20 and falls onto the glass melt G.
- the first heating unit 18 and the second heating unit 20 are preferably provided at a height of 90 cm in the vertical direction from the inner wall of the ceiling wall 14 of the melting tank 12, and more preferably provided at a height of 50 cm. .
- the number of the first heating units 18 is not limited to eight, and may be two or more as long as the flue 16 can be surrounded.
- the number of the second heating units 20 is not limited to eight, and if it is possible to form a form that surrounds the flow of the glass raw material particles by the flow of the glass cullet pieces that will be described later, the number of the second heating units 20 is seven or less. However, it may be nine or more.
- the arrangement form of the first heating unit 18 is not limited to the concentric circles, but may be a form surrounding the flue 16, for example, a form arranged along a triangle, a quadrangle, or an ellipse. However, in order to suck and remove the floating particles 24, 24...
- the concentric arrangement form is as follows. preferable.
- the arrangement form of the second heating unit 20 is not limited to the concentric circle, and is arranged along the form surrounding the first heating units 18, 18..., For example, on a triangle, a quadrangle, or an ellipse. Form may be sufficient.
- the glass cullet pieces 26, 26, which are input from the second heating units 20, 20... By the heat of the first heating units 18, 18.
- the melting tank 12 is configured in a substantially cylindrical shape as described above, and the flue 16 is provided in a substantially central portion in a plan view, so that the negative pressure in the furnace is substantially uniform throughout the furnace. Therefore, the suspended particles 24 in the furnace can be stably removed from the flue 16 by suction.
- Glass melt G is stored in each of the melting tank 12 and the outlet, and the glass melt G manufactured in the melting tank 12 is configured to flow downstream through the outlet.
- an oxyfuel burner 28 in which a glass raw material particle charging unit is integrated is applied.
- This oxyfuel burner 28 is an oxyfuel burner known as an inorganic powder heating burner, in which raw material, fuel, and combustion gas supply nozzles are appropriately arranged.
- the nozzle 30 at the tip of the oxyfuel burner 28 is arranged in the order of the fuel supply nozzle, the primary combustion support gas supply nozzle, the glass raw material supply nozzle, and the secondary combustion support gas supply nozzle from the center to the outer periphery. As a whole, they are arranged concentrically.
- a flame 32 is jetted downward from the nozzle 30, and glass raw material particles are supplied from the glass raw material supply nozzle into the flame 32 (that is, the first gas phase portion) by gas conveyance or mechanical conveyance. Thereby, glass raw material particles can be made into liquid glass particles reliably and in a short time.
- the oxyfuel burner 28 includes a glass raw material particle supply system for supplying glass raw material particles to the glass raw material supply nozzle, a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the fuel supply nozzle, and a combustion support gas.
- a gas supply system for supplying the combustion support gas supply nozzle for primary combustion and the support gas supply nozzle for secondary combustion is connected.
- the glass raw material particle charging unit is provided separately because the oxyfuel combustion burner 28 also serves as the glass raw material particle charging unit. There is no need. However, a glass raw material particle input portion for introducing glass raw material particles toward the flame 32 of the oxyfuel burner 28 may be provided adjacent to the oxyfuel burner 28.
- the first heating means for forming the first gas phase portion is not limited to the oxyfuel burner 28, but a multiphase arc plasma generator comprising a pair of electrodes for generating thermal plasma. May be provided on the wall surface of the melting tank 12, and both the oxyfuel burner 28 and the multiphase arc plasma generator may be provided in the melting tank 12. Furthermore, the temperature of the flame 32 and thermal plasma of the oxyfuel burner 28 is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of silica sand in order to rapidly gasify and dissipate the gas components contained in the glass raw material particles 22 and advance the vitrification reaction. It is preferable to set to 1600 ° C. or higher.
- the glass raw material particles 22 in the first gas phase portion are rapidly gasified and dissipated by the flame 32 and / or thermal plasma, and are heated to a high temperature to become liquid glass particles.
- 12 lands on the surface of the glass melt G in 12.
- the glass melt formed by the accumulation of the liquid glass particles is continuously heated by the flame 32 and / or thermal plasma, so that the vitrified form is maintained.
- the center temperature is about 2000 ° C. in the case of oxyfuel combustion, and 5000 to 20000 ° C. in the case of thermal plasma.
- the glass raw material particles preferably have an average particle size of 30 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 70 to 300 ⁇ m. When the glass raw material particles become liquid glass particles in the first gas phase portion, the initial average particle size is often reduced to about 80%.
- the second heating unit 20 includes a glass cullet piece feeding tube (glass cullet piece feeding portion) 34 and two oxygen combustion burners 36 and 36 as second heating means.
- the two flames 42 and 42 formed by the two oxygen combustion burners 36 and 36 and the surrounding high temperature region become the second gas phase portion.
- the glass cullet piece insertion cylinder 34 penetrates the ceiling wall 14 and is arranged in the vertical direction, and the glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Are dropped from the insertion port 38 formed at the lower end thereof.
- a cullet transport system (not shown) for transporting the glass cullet pieces 26, 26... By gas transport or mechanical transport is connected to the glass cullet piece input cylinder 34, and glass cullet pieces 26, 26. Is conveyed to the glass cullet piece charging cylinder 34.
- examples of the material of the glass cullet piece charging cylinder 34 include water-cooled metal or ceramics.
- the oxyfuel combustion burner 36 is an oxyfuel combustion burner known as an oxyfuel combustion heating burner, in which a fuel and supporting gas supply nozzle is appropriately arranged.
- a flame 42 is jetted obliquely downward from the nozzle 40 of the oxyfuel burner 36, and the flame 42 is blown onto the glass cullet pieces 26, 26,. Thereby, the glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Are reliably heated.
- the glass cullet pieces 26 heated by the flame 42 are heated to about 1000 ° C. to 1800 ° C. and land on the glass melt G, depending on the amount of the glass cullet pieces 26 to be charged.
- the oxyfuel combustion burner 36 is connected to a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the fuel supply nozzle and a gas supply system for supplying combustion support gas to the combustion support gas supply nozzle.
- a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the fuel supply nozzle
- a gas supply system for supplying combustion support gas to the combustion support gas supply nozzle.
- the second heating unit is preferably provided at a height of 80 cm in the vertical direction from the inner wall of the ceiling portion of the glass melting furnace, and more preferably provided at a height of 60 cm.
- the “glass cullet” means a glass cullet having almost the same glass composition as the glass of the glass product that is the final object in the present invention.
- This glass cullet is usually generated in the process of producing a glass product as a final object from a glass melt formed at the bottom of the furnace in the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the glass cullet generated from the manufacturing process of another glass product having substantially the same glass composition as the glass of the glass product that is the final object of the present invention, the final obtained by the present invention. It may be a glass cullet generated from the process of using the target glass product.
- the glass melting furnace in the manufacturing process of the other glass products is not limited to the glass melting furnace using the air melting method.
- the glass composition of the glass cullet is almost the same as the glass composition of the glass formed from the glass raw material particles, the liquid glass formed by melting the glass cullet pieces and the liquid glass formed from the glass raw material particles are mixed.
- the glass composition becomes uniform, less heat energy is required for homogenization, and the time required for homogenization is short.
- the glass composition of the glass cullet and the glass composition of the liquid glass particles formed from the glass raw material particles are preferably the same, but the glass composition is formed while the glass melt formed at the furnace bottom of the melting tank becomes a glass product. It can vary slightly (eg, volatile glass components such as boron oxide), and such slight differences in glass composition are acceptable.
- the heated glass cullet piece simply melts into liquid glass particles.
- glass raw material particles are liquefied by chemical reaction such as thermal decomposition of glass raw material (for example, thermal decomposition from metal carbonate to metal oxide, etc.), reaction and melting of glass components called vitrification reaction. It becomes glass particles.
- the mechanism by which the solid particles become liquid glass particles differs between the glass raw material particles and the glass cullet pieces, but the generated liquid glass particles are liquid glass particles having substantially the same glass composition.
- the oxyfuel burners 36, 36 are arranged with a predetermined interval across the glass cullet piece injection cylinder 34. That is, the nozzles 40 and 40 of the oxyfuel burners 36 and 36 are disposed around the glass cullet piece charging cylinder 34.
- the oxygen combustion burners 36 and 36 have an angle ( ⁇ ) in the flame direction (b) of 1 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 75 ° with respect to the cullet piece insertion axis (O 1 ) by the glass cullet piece insertion cylinder 34. It is arranged so as to be inclined. As described above, the oxyfuel combustion burner 36 has an angle of 1 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 75 ° with respect to the cullet piece insertion shaft (O 1 ) so as to blow the flame 42 toward the cullet piece insertion shaft (O 1 ) which is the vertical axis.
- the horizontal distance between the nozzle 40 at the tip of the oxyfuel burner 36 and the inlet 38 of the glass cullet piece injection cylinder 34 allows the falling glass cullet pieces 26, 26... To pass through the flame 42 efficiently.
- the oxygen combustion burner 36 is installed at an angle of 10 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 30 ° with respect to the cullet piece insertion shaft (O 1 ) when the drop height of the glass cullet piece 26 can be 1 to 3 m. More preferably.
- the flame 42 by the oxyfuel burner 36 can be applied to the glass cullet piece 26 for a long time, so that a larger portion of the glass cullet piece 26 can be melted.
- a multi-phase arc plasma generator composed of a pair of electrodes for generating thermal plasma may be provided on the wall surface of the melting tank 12 instead of the oxyfuel burner 36. Further, both the oxyfuel burner 36 and the multiphase arc plasma generator may be provided in the melting tank 12. The temperature of the flame 42 of the oxyfuel burner 36 and the temperature of the thermal plasma are the same as those described above.
- an enclosing form surrounding the first gas phase portion around the flue 16 is formed by the flow of a large number of glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Dropped from the glass cullet piece introducing cylinders 34, 34.
- the flow of the glass cullet pieces is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having a central axis in the vertical direction, and has a function of partitioning the furnace wall 44 of the melting tank 12 from the suspended particles 24, 24.
- the glass melting furnace of the embodiment is a melting furnace for melting glass raw material particles.
- the first gas phase portion is a flame 32, 32... Formed by the eight oxygen combustion burners 28, 28... Which are the first heating means, and a high temperature region formed around the flame.
- Liquid glass particles are formed in the first gas phase portion. That is, glass raw material particles are put into the furnace from the oxyfuel burners 28, 28 ..., and the glass raw material particles 22 etc. descending in the flames 32, 32 ... are heated and melted to form liquid glass particles.
- the liquid glass particles formed from the glass raw material particles through the glass raw material particles 22, 22, etc. fall downward and accumulate on the furnace bottom 60 to become the glass melt G.
- the glass melt G enters the furnace bottom 60. Temporarily stored. It is not essential for the liquid glass particles to reach the furnace bottom 60 or the surface of the glass melt G as individual particles. Two or more of the liquid glass particles may be fused and landed on the furnace bottom 60 or the surface of the glass melt G.
- a flue 16 is disposed at a substantially central portion of the ceiling wall 14, and eight first heating units 18, 18... Are disposed around the flue 16. Therefore, the suspended particles 24, 24... In the furnace are sucked by the suction force of the flue 16 without being directed to the surrounding furnace wall 44, and are exhausted and removed outside the furnace.
- glass raw material particles are introduced and glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Are dropped from eight glass cullet piece introduction cylinders 34, 34.
- An enclosed form by the flow of the glass cullet pieces is formed in the furnace. That is, the glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Are dropped from the eight glass cullet piece insertion cylinders 34, 34... So as to surround the suspended particles 24, 24. ing. Then, a part of the suspended particles 24, 24... Going to the furnace wall 44 is attached to the surface of the falling glass cullet pieces 26, 26... And dropped onto the glass melt G in the melting tank 12. I am letting.
- the short diameter (a) is preferably 0.1 mm ⁇ a ⁇ 50 mm.
- the glass cullet pieces having the short diameter (a) remain on the sieve having a mesh opening of 0.1 mm and pass through the sieve having a mesh opening of 50 mm.
- the short diameter (a) of the glass cullet pieces is more preferably 5 mm ⁇ a ⁇ 20 mm from the viewpoint of preventing the glass cullet pieces from scattering and handling the above.
- the glass cullet piece charging portion has a structure (such as the inner diameter of the charging cylinder) for charging a glass cullet piece of this size.
- a short diameter (a) becomes 50 mm or more, there is no change in the effect which makes floating particles adhere to the surface of the glass cullet piece being dropped.
- such a glass cullet piece having a short diameter (a) is introduced into the furnace from the glass cullet piece introduction cylinders 34, 34..., And the glass cullet pieces 26, 26. , 36 by the flames 42, 42.
- the heated glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Fall downward.
- Two or more glass particles whose glass cullet pieces have been liquefied at least by the second heating unit are fused before reaching the surface of the glass melt G, and the fused liquid glass particles become the glass melt G. You may land on. Because at least the surface liquefied glass particles are relatively large particles, the falling liquefied glass particles are easily in contact with each other, and are fused when a plurality of liquefied glass particles are in contact with each other.
- the glass cullet piece 26 can be completely melted by the oxyfuel burner 36 while the glass cullet piece 26 is being lowered.
- the glass cullet piece 26 is much larger in size than the fine particle glass raw material particles, Is difficult. Therefore, the unmelted glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Land on the surface of the glass melt G in the furnace. In this case, the unmelted glass cullet pieces 26, 26. There is no problem because the glass melt G is heated and melted by heat and radiant heat from the furnace body.
- the oxyfuel burner 36 does not preheat only the glass cullet piece 26 alone, but also heats the glass raw material particles 22 and the glass melt G in the melting tank 12, so that the glass placed outside the furnace is heated.
- the function is completely different from the cullet piece preheating device. As described above, it is not necessary to completely liquefy the glass cullet piece 26 in the second gas phase by the second heating unit.
- by arranging the plurality of oxygen combustion burners 36, 36 Since the melting rate of 26 is improved, the amount of heat required for the secondary heating necessary for homogenizing the glass melt can be reduced. Further, by increasing the number of oxyfuel burners 36, the glass cullet pieces 26, 26... Can be heated evenly, so that the melting rate is further improved.
- the oxyfuel burner 36 can be changed to a small capacity type as the number of oxyfuel burners 36 used increases. Thereby, the fuel used for the oxyfuel burner 36 can be saved.
- this melting tank 12 since glass cullet pieces can be charged into the melting tank 12 and melted together with the glass raw material particles, glass product production of tens of tons / day or more and hundreds of tons / day or more is possible. It is suitable for a large-scale melting furnace suitable for the above.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a glass melting furnace 50 according to a second embodiment constituting the glass product manufacturing apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a principal sectional plan view of the glass melting furnace 50 excluding the ceiling.
- the melting tank 52 of the glass melting furnace 50 is configured in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and has one flue 16, eight first heating units 18, 18,..., And eight on the ceiling wall 54 that is an upper furnace wall.
- the second heating units 20, 20... Are respectively provided through the ceiling wall 54 downward.
- the arrangement form of the flue 16, the first heating units 18, 18 ... and the second heating units 20, 20 ... is the same as that shown in FIGS.
- this melting tank 52 is a rectangular parallelepiped shape, it arrange
- positions the 1st heating unit 18,18 ... around the flue 16, and the 2nd heating unit 20, so that 1st heating unit 18,18 ... may be surrounded.
- 20... Effects similar to those of the glass melting furnace 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be obtained.
- the melting unit including the flue 16, the first heating units 18, 18... And the second heating units 20, 20... Is disposed on the upstream side of the glass melt G in the melting tank 52.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be arranged on the middle stream side, the downstream side, and the entire area.
- a plurality of melting units may be arranged on the ceiling wall 54.
- the glass melting furnaces 10 and 50 including the second heating unit 20 are exemplified, but only the glass cullet piece charging cylinder 34 is not provided with an oxygen burner as a heating means for forming a gas phase.
- the present invention can also be applied to a glass melting furnace.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the glass product manufacturing method of the embodiment.
- the forming step (S2) by the forming means, and the slow cooling step (S3) by the slow cooling means which are components of the glass product manufacturing method, further necessary
- the cutting process used according to this and other post-process (S4) are shown.
- the glass melt G melted in the melting tanks 12 and 52 of FIGS. 1 to 4 is sent to the molding means through the outlet and a conduit structure (not shown) and molded (molding process).
- the glass after molding is slowly cooled by a slow cooling means (gradual cooling process) so that no residual stress remains in the solidified glass after molding (further cooling process), and further cut (cutting process) as necessary. After that, it becomes a glass product.
- the glass melt G is formed into a glass ribbon by a forming means, and is slowly cooled by a slow cooling means, then cut to a desired size, and the glass end is polished as necessary.
- Sheet glass is obtained by post-processing such as.
- the molten glass produced by the molten glass production method of the present invention is not limited in terms of composition as long as it is a molten glass produced by an in-air heating melting method. Therefore, it may be soda lime glass or borosilicate glass. Moreover, the use of the manufactured glass product is not limited to architectural use or vehicle use, and examples include flat panel display use and other various uses.
- soda lime glass used for building or vehicle sheet glass it is expressed in terms of mass percentage based on oxide, SiO 2 : 65 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 3%, CaO: 5 to 15%, MgO: 0 to 15%, Na 2 O: 10 to 20%, K 2 O: 0 to 3%, Li 2 O: 0 to 5%, Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 3%, TiO 2 : 0 to 5%, CeO 2 : 0 to 3%, BaO: 0 to 5%, SrO: 0 to 5%, B 2 O 3 : 0 to 5%, ZnO: 0 to 5%, ZrO 2 : 0 to 5 %, SnO 2 : 0 to 3%, SO 3 : 0 to 0.5%.
- SiO 2 39 to 70%
- Al 2 O 3 3 to 25%
- B 2 O 3 1 to 20%
- SrO: 0 to 20% BaO: 0 to 30% are preferable.
- a mixed alkali glass used for a substrate for a plasma display it is expressed in terms of mass percentage based on oxide, and SiO 2 : 50 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 15%, MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO: 6 to 24 %, Na 2 O + K 2 O: preferably 6 to 24%.
- the first heating unit and the glass cullet piece introduction cylinder have been described as being installed vertically downward, but not limited thereto, and may be installed inclined if they are downward. I do not care.
- both the first heating unit and the glass cullet piece charging cylinder have been described as being installed on the ceiling of the glass melting furnace.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first heating unit may be installed on the ceiling of the glass melting furnace
- the glass cullet piece charging cylinder may be installed on the side wall of the glass melting furnace.
- one flue is installed.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of flues are installed at a position where one flue is installed. It does not matter if it is installed so as to produce the same smoke exhaust effect as the road.
- the ceiling surface of the glass melting furnace has been described as having a flat shape, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be an arch shape, a dome shape, or the like.
- the example which manufactures a molten glass by using a glass cullet piece together with a glass raw material particle was demonstrated, combined use of a glass cullet piece is not essential, and a molten glass is manufactured only from a glass raw material particle. Also good.
- the example using the second heating means for heating the charged glass cullet pieces has been described, but the use of the second heating means (and thereby) The formation of the second gas phase portion to be formed) is not essential.
- the glass cullet pieces are charged into the glass melt generated from the glass raw material particles and melted without adopting a special configuration for heating the glass cullet pieces that are put into the furnace and fall in the gas phase. be able to. At this time, if there is an inconvenience such as a decrease in the temperature of the glass melt, a shortage of thermal energy can be eliminated by employing means for heating the glass melt.
- a glass melting furnace having one combination of a flue, a plurality of first heating units, and optionally a second heating unit is described in the glass melting furnace.
- a plurality of them may be provided in the furnace.
- the glass melting furnace 50 has one combination of the flue 16 and the plurality of first heating units 18, 18... And the second heating units 20, 20. Two or more such combinations may be provided in the glass melting furnace.
- the molten glass produced by the present invention is molded into glass products of various shapes by molding means such as a float bath, a fusion molding machine, a roll-out molding machine, a blow molding machine, and a press molding machine.
- molding means such as a float bath, a fusion molding machine, a roll-out molding machine, a blow molding machine, and a press molding machine.
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Abstract
Description
ガラス原料粒子が液状ガラス粒子となるときに発生する分解ガス成分は、ガラス原料粒子と液状ガラス粒子がともに小さな粒子であることより、生成する液状ガラス粒子の内部に閉じ込められることなくそのほとんどが液状ガラス粒子外部に放出される。このため、液状ガラス粒子が集積したガラス融液中に泡が生じるおそれは少ない。
一方、各ガラス原料粒子は、構成原料成分がほぼ均一な粒子であり、それから生じる各液状ガラス粒子のガラス組成も相互に均一である。液状ガラス粒子間のガラス組成の相違が少ないことより、多数の液状ガラス粒子が堆積して形成されるガラス融液内に、ガラス組成が異なる部分が生じるおそれは少ない。このため、従来のガラス溶融炉に必要とされていたガラス融液のガラス組成を均質化するための均質化手段が、気中溶融法ではほとんど必要とされない。たとえ少数の液状ガラス粒子が他の大部分の液状ガラス粒子とガラス組成が異なる場合が生じたとしても、液状ガラス粒子は粒径の小さな粒子であることより、ガラス組成が異なる少数の液状ガラス粒子から生じた、ガラス融液中のガラス組成の異質領域は小さく、この異質領域は短時間で容易に均質化して消失する。このように、気中溶融法ではガラス融液の均質化に必要とする熱エネルギーを低減し、均質化に要する時間を短くすることができる。
ガラス原料粒子が液状のガラス粒子となって炉底に集積する経路から外れて浮遊するに至った上記粒子としては、未溶融のガラス原料粒子、溶融した液状のガラス粒子やそれが固化した粒子、ガラス原料粒子が液状のガラス粒子となる途中の粒子(例えば、ガラス原料粒子中の原料の一部(炭酸塩など)が分解している粒子、表面が溶融した粒子やそれが固化した粒子、など)、これらの粒子の破砕物からなる粒子、などからなると考えられる。また、ガラス原料粒子以外にガラスカレットの粒子を併用して溶融ガラスを製造する場合は、溶融炉に投入されたガラスカレット粒子の一部もまたガラス融液面に到達することなく浮遊する粒子となることもある。例えば、微小なガラスカレット粒子、ガラスカレット粒子が溶融した粒子、いったん溶融したガラスカレット粒子が再度固化した粒子、これらの粒子の破砕物からなる粒子、などが浮遊する粒子となると考えられる。さらには、落下したガラスカレット粒子等がガラス融液に表面に衝突した際に生じる液状ガラスの飛沫やその固化物が浮遊する粒子となることもあると考えられる。
これらのガラス原料粒子やガラスカレット粒子などに由来する、炉底のガラス融液面に到達しない粒子を以下浮遊粒子という。
前記気相部は、その中を通過するガラス原料粒子を液状ガラス粒子とすることができる、高温雰囲気状態にある気相部である。この気相部はガラス原料粒子投入部毎にその下方に形成される。このため、その気相部を形成するための加熱手段もまたガラス原料粒子投入部毎に設けられる。
本発明では、このような短径(a)のガラスカレット片を、ガラスカレット片投入部から炉内に投入し、降下中のガラスカレット片を第2の加熱手段によって形成された第2の気相中で加熱することが好ましい。
なお、本発明では、前記短径(a)のガラスカレット片は、網目の目開き(Opening)の大きさが0.1mmの篩に残り、且つ、網目の目開き(Opening)の大きさが50mmの篩を通過するもので規定する。
図示したガラス溶融炉において、ガラス原料粒子を液状ガラス粒子とする気相部(以下、第1の気相部ともいう)を形成する加熱手段(以下、第1の加熱手段ともいう)は酸素燃焼バーナからなる。
ガラス原料粒子を液状ガラス粒子とする、第1の気相部は、酸素燃焼バーナの火炎中及び火炎近傍の高温部から構成される。その気相部にガラス原料粒子を供給するためのガラス原料粒子投入部は酸素燃焼バーナと一体となり、酸素燃焼バーナ出口付近で燃焼ガスを供給する管と酸素を供給する管とガラス原料粒子を供給する管が同軸で構成されている。このガラス原料粒子投入部と酸素燃焼バーナとの組み合わせを、第1加熱ユニットという。ガラス原料粒子、それが溶融して生じる液状ガラス粒子、ガラス原料粒子から液状ガラス粒子となる途中の粒子(表面部分のみ液状ガラスとなっている粒子など)を以下の実施形態の図では粒子22で表わし、以下の説明ではガラス原料粒子等22という。
一方、ガラスカレット片を少なくとも表面が液状化したガラス粒子とする第2の気相部では、ガラスカレット片投入部と酸素燃焼バーナとは別体で、ガラスカレット片を第2の気相部に供給する管と酸素燃焼バーナとは上部の炉壁部に近接し配置されている。このガラスカレット片投入部と酸素燃焼バーナとの組み合わせを第2加熱ユニットという。
ガラス原料粒子は、平均粒径が30~1000μmが好ましく、50~500μmがより好ましく、70~300μmがさらに好ましい。ガラス原料粒子は、第1の気相部中で液状ガラス粒子になる際に、多くの場合当初の平均粒径が8割程に減少する。
なお、第2加熱ユニットが天井部ではなく、ガラス溶融炉の上部の側壁に設置される場合も本発明の範囲である。第2加熱ユニットが側壁に設けられる場合には、ガラス溶融炉の天井部の内壁から鉛直方向に1mまでの高さに設けられる。これは、第2加熱ユニットが、ガラス溶融炉の天井部の内壁から鉛直方向に1mを超えるところに設けられた場合、ガラス融液面との鉛直距離が小さくなりすぎるために水平方向となす角が小さくなり、対向壁面にガラスカレット片を吹き付けることになってしまい、炉壁損傷及び侵食とそれに伴うガラス汚染が生じるためである。第2加熱ユニットは、ガラス溶融炉の天井部の内壁から鉛直方向に80cmまでの高さに設けられることが好ましく、60cmまでの高さに設けられることがより好ましい。
なお、本発明において「ガラスカレット」とは、本発明において最終目的物であるガラス製品のガラスとほぼ同一のガラス組成からなるガラスカレットを意味する。このガラスカレットは、通常、本発明における、炉底部に形成されたガラス融液から最終目的物であるガラス製品を製造する工程で発生する。ただし、これに限られるものではなく、本発明の最終目的物であるガラス製品のガラスとほぼ同一のガラス組成からなる他のガラス製品の製造工程から発生するガラスカレット、本発明によって得られた最終目的物のガラス製品を使用する工程から生じるガラスカレット、などであってもよい。上記他のガラス製品の製造工程におけるガラス溶融炉は、気中溶融法を使用したガラス溶融炉に限られるものではない。
ガラスカレットのガラス組成がガラス原料粒子から形成されるガラスのガラス組成とほぼ同一であることより、ガラスカレット片が融解した液状ガラスとガラス原料粒子から形成された液状ガラスが混合したガラス融液のガラス組成は均一なものとなり、均質化に必要とする熱エネルギーが少なく、均質化に要する時間も短い。ガラスカレットのガラス組成とガラス原料粒子から形成される液状ガラス粒子のガラス組成は同一であることが好ましいが、溶融槽の炉底部に形成されたガラス融液がガラス製品となる間にガラス組成がわずかに変化することがあり(例えば、酸化ホウ素などの揮発性ガラス成分の気散など)、このようなガラス組成のわずかな相違は許容される。
なお、ガラスカレット片はすでにガラスとなっている物質からなることから、加熱されたガラスカレット片は単に融解して液状のガラス粒子となる。一方、ガラス原料粒子は、ガラス原料の熱分解(例えば、金属炭酸塩から金属酸化物への熱分解など)、ガラス化反応と呼ばれるガラスとなる成分の反応と溶融、などの化学反応により液状のガラス粒子となる。固体粒子が液状のガラス粒子となるメカニズムはガラス原料粒子とガラスカレット片とでは異なるが、生成する液状のガラス粒子はほぼ同一のガラス組成の液状のガラス粒子である。
液状ガラス粒子は、個々の粒子として炉底部60ないしガラス融液G表面に達することは必須ではない。液状ガラス粒子は、気相中でその2つ以上が融着して炉底部60ないしガラス融液G表面に着地してもよい。
ガラスカレット片が第2加熱ユニットによって、少なくとも表面が液状化したガラス粒子は、ガラス融液Gの表面に達する前にその2つ以上が融着し、融着した液状ガラス粒子がガラス融液Gに着地してもよい。この少なくとも表面が液状化したガラス粒子が比較的大きい粒子であることより、落下中の液状化したガラス粒子は相互に接触しやすく、複数の液状化したガラス粒子が接触した場合には融着してさらに大きな液状化したガラス粒子や塊状物となることがある。さらには多数の液状化したガラス粒子が一体化した液体の流れとなってガラス融液Gに達することもある。1つのガラスカレット片投入筒34、34…から投入される単位時間あたりのガラスカレット片の量が多くなると、このような液状化したガラス粒子の融着が起こりやすい。
前述の如くガラスカレット片26を第2加熱ユニットによる第2の気相中で完全に液状化する必要はないが、このように複数の酸素燃焼バーナ36、36…を配置することによりガラスカレット片26の溶融率が向上するので、ガラス融液の均質化に必要な二次加熱に要する熱量を削減することができる。更に、酸素燃焼バーナ36の本数を増加させることにより、ガラスカレット片26、26…を均等に加熱することができるので、溶融率が更に向上する。なお、酸素燃焼バーナ36を、酸素燃焼バーナ36の使用本数が増えるに従って小能力型のものに変更することもできる。これにより、酸素燃焼バーナ36に使用する燃料を節約することができる。
さらに、本実施形態では、ガラスカレット片をガラス原料粒子と併用して溶融ガラスを製造する例を説明したが、ガラスカレット片の併用は必須ではなく、ガラス原料粒子のみから溶融ガラスを製造してもよい。さらに、ガラスカレット片を併用する場合、本実施形態では、投入されたガラスカレット片を加熱するための第2の加熱手段を用いる例を説明したが、第2の加熱手段の使用(およびそれにより形成される第2の気相部の形成)は必須ではない。即ち、炉内に投入され気相中を落下するガラスカレット片を加熱するための特別な構成を採用することなく、ガラス原料粒子から生成するガラス融液中にガラスカレット片を投入して溶融させることができる。この際、ガラス融液の温度が低下するなどの不都合があれば、ガラス融液を加熱する手段などを採用して熱エネルギーの不足を解消することができる。
なお、2009年7月8日に出願された日本特許出願2009-161841号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (13)
- ガラス溶融炉内の気相雰囲気中でガラス原料粒子を液状ガラス粒子とし、該液状ガラス粒子をガラス溶融炉の底部に集積してガラス融液とし、該ガラス融液を排出するガラス溶融炉であって、
前記ガラス溶融炉の天井部に貫通して設けられた煙道、
平面視で前記煙道の周囲に配置された前記ガラス溶融炉内の上部の炉壁部に下向きに設置された複数のガラス原料粒子投入部、
前記複数のガラス原料粒子投入部毎に設けられた、ガラス原料粒子投入部の下方にガラス原料粒子を液状ガラス粒子とする気相部を形成するための加熱手段、
前記液状ガラス粒子を集積してガラス融液を形成する炉底部、および、
前記ガラス融液を排出する排出部、
を備えたことを特徴とするガラス溶融炉。 - 前記ガラス溶融炉は、平面視で前記煙道を中心とする同心円上に沿って前記複数のガラス原料粒子投入部が配置されている請求項1に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記加熱手段は、酸素燃焼炎を発生させる酸素燃焼バーナ及び熱プラズマを発生させる一対以上の電極で構成される多相アークプラズマ発生装置のうち少なくとも一つである、請求項1又は2に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記ガラス溶融炉は鉛直方向を中心軸とする略円筒状に構成され、平面視でその略中央部に前記煙道が設けられている請求項1乃至3のうちいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記ガラス溶融炉は、該ガラス溶融炉の前記炉壁部に下向きに設置されるとともに前記複数のガラス原料粒子投入部の全体を包囲するように所定の間隔をもって設けられ、ガラスカレット片を投入する複数のガラスカレット片投入部を備える請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記ガラス溶融炉は、平面視で前記煙道を中心とする同心円上に沿って前記複数のガラスカレット片投入部が配置されている請求項5に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記ガラスカレット片投入部は、前記ガラスカレット片の短径(a)が0.1mm<a<50mmであるガラスカレット片を投入するために設けられる請求項5又は6に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記短径(a)のガラスカレット片は、網目の目開き(Opening)の大きさが0.1mmの篩に残り、且つ、網目の目開き(Opening)の大きさが50mmの篩を通過するものである、請求項7に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記ガラス溶融炉は、前記ガラスカレット片投入部下方にガラスカレット片を少なくとも表面が液状化したガラス粒子とする気相部を形成するための加熱手段を備える請求項5乃至8のいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記煙道からの排ガスの一部を、前記ガラスカレット片投入部から投入される前のガラスカレット片に供給し予熱するためのガス供給部が設けられる請求項5乃至9のうちいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉を用いて溶融ガラスを製造することを特徴とする溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉と、該ガラス溶融炉の前記排出部の下流側に設けられた溶融ガラスを成形する成形手段と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷手段とを備えたことを特徴とするガラス製品の製造装置。
- 請求項11に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法により溶融ガラスを製造する工程と、該溶融ガラスを成形する工程と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する工程とを含むことを特徴とするガラス製品の製造方法。
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CN102471113B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
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