WO2010133870A1 - Dispositif d'élimination de particules en suspension dans un gaz - Google Patents

Dispositif d'élimination de particules en suspension dans un gaz Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010133870A1
WO2010133870A1 PCT/GB2010/050805 GB2010050805W WO2010133870A1 WO 2010133870 A1 WO2010133870 A1 WO 2010133870A1 GB 2010050805 W GB2010050805 W GB 2010050805W WO 2010133870 A1 WO2010133870 A1 WO 2010133870A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas flow
particle remover
baffle
burner
particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2010/050805
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Grundmann
Original Assignee
Bioflame Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bioflame Limited filed Critical Bioflame Limited
Priority to EP10726172A priority Critical patent/EP2461886A1/fr
Publication of WO2010133870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133870A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
    • B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/20—Intercepting solids by baffles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for removing gas-borne particles, and in particular, to an apparatus for removing gas-borne particles from a gas flow within a combustion system.
  • a typical combustion system that uses waste as a fuel comprises a burner, a residence chamber, a boiler, a turbine and a condenser.
  • a generator is coupled to the turbine in order to generate electricity.
  • Fuel, in the form of waste, is introduced into the burner where it is combusted.
  • the fuel must be combusted at a temperature such that the exit temperature of the residence chamber is at least 850°C in order to comply with environmental regulations.
  • the hot gases that exit the residence chamber are then used to generate steam in the boiler which is used to drive the turbine which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • the purpose of the residence chamber is to confine the gaseous combustion products at a specified minimum temperature for a specified minimum period of time. This is necessary because the waste that is combusted can produce environmentally hazardous compounds such as dioxins, for example.
  • the residence chamber ensures that combustion products are neutralised, or reacted to form non-hazardous compounds where possible.
  • the minimum time and temperature are specified by government regulations.
  • Gas-borne particulates such as ash
  • ash particles can start to melt and become sticky. This means that the particles can adhere to the internal walls of the combustion system, in particular to those of the burner, residence chamber and boiler.
  • the sticky particles tend to adhere to locations where the gas flow rate is high, such as bends in conduits connecting parts such as the burner and residence chamber.
  • the adherence of sticky ash particles to the internal walls of a combustion system causes a number of problems.
  • the particles may cause erosion of the conduits and chambers because of their abrasive nature. Fouling of burner and residence chamber internal surfaces can lead to pressure drops between inlet and outlet due to unwanted turbulence and eventual blockages. Also, even a thin deposit layer of ash and soot particles can dramatically reduce the thermal conductivity of the boiler.
  • a particle remover for removing particles from a gas flow, including a baffle arranged to intercept the gas flow, such that when particles within the gas flow impinge on the baffle they are transformed to a liquid state.
  • the particle remover may comprise a first baffle and a second baffle.
  • the first baffle may be substantially vertical and the second baffle may be substantially horizontal .
  • each baffle may be located in a chamber having an inlet and an outlet for the gas flow.
  • the particle remover may be made of a high- temperature-resistant ceramic.
  • the invention also includes a burner for the combustion of fuel including a particle remover according to any statement herein.
  • the particle remover may be positioned in the burner over a grate.
  • the invention also includes a combustion system including a particle remover or a burner according to any statement herein.
  • a method of removing particles from a gas flow comprising causing the particles within the gas flow to impinge on a baffle, which transforms them to a liquid, and removing the liquid.
  • the invention also provides a particle remover for removing particles from a gas flow, wherein the gas flow is contrived to travel in a substantially helical path, and wherein particles within the gas flow are urged to collide with a surface where they are transformed to a liquid state.
  • the surface may be generally cylindrical.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a particle remover in- situ according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a perspective view of the particle remover of Figure 1;
  • Figures 3a, 3b and 3c schematically show a front view, a back view and a side view of the particle remover of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 schematically shows the cross-section A-A of Figures 3a and 3b;
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of particle remover according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the embodiment of Figure 5 with additional detail
  • Figures 7a to 7d are further views of the particle remover of Figures 5 and 6.
  • Figure 1 shows a particle remover (otherwise known as a thermal dust eliminator) 20 located within a fuel burner 1.
  • the burner 1 is provided with an outlet 3 to which a duct 5 is attached.
  • the duct 5 connects the burner 1 to a residence chamber (not shown) which also in turn is connected to a boiler (not shown) .
  • the residence chamber may be of the kind described in our United Kingdom patent application number GB 2447039 A.
  • fuel is fed into the burner 1 on a moving grate 9 and is combusted.
  • the temperature within the burner 1 is maintained at 1000-1300 0 C by controlling the supply of oxygen and fuel to the burner 1, such that the minimum temperature at the outlet of the residence chamber is 850 0 C.
  • the residence chamber outlet temperature of 850 0 C is chosen based on specific government regulations. Numerous different materials may be used as fuel for the burner; one example is a creosote-coated wooden railway sleeper. Disposal of these railway sleepers is particularly problematic due to the toxic chemicals with which they are impregnated.
  • the thermal dust eliminator 20 is located on a shelf 11 within the burner 1 in the gas flow path between the burner and the residence chamber. This forces the gas containing the sticky particles to flow through the thermal dust eliminator 20 before exiting the burner 1 through the outlet 3.
  • the inlets 22, 24 are located at the bottom of a front wall 29 and the outlet is located at the top of a back wall 31.
  • the dust eliminator 20 is positioned such that all of the gas flowing from the burner 1 to the residence chamber 7 flows through it from the inlets 22, 24 to the outlet 26.
  • the two inlets 22, 24 cause the gas flow to be directed towards the centre of the thermal dust eliminator 20.
  • the location of the inlets 22, 24 at the bottom of the front wall and the location of the outlet at the top of the rear wall helps to ensure that the gas flow is caused to impinge on at least one baffle 28 before it exits through the outlet 26.
  • a gas flow 40 containing the sticky particles enters the thermal dust eliminator 20 through one of the two inlets 22, 24. It then impinges on the vertical baffle 28, then impinges on the horizontal baffle 30 and then exits through the outlet 26.
  • the gas that exits the thermal dust eliminator 20 is largely free of the sticky particles. After exiting the thermal dust eliminator 20 the gas enters the residence chamber through the duct 5.
  • the thermal dust eliminator 20 largely removes the gas-borne sticky particles in the following manner.
  • the sticky particles When the sticky particles are caused to impinge on the baffles 28, 30 a proportion of their kinetic energy is converted into heat. This causes the temperature of the sticky particles to increase, thus causing them to become less viscous. This means that the particles are no longer carried in the gas flow and instead adhere to the baffles 28, 30 and then run off the face of the baffles in the form of a fluid.
  • the fluid exits the thermal dust eliminator 20 through the gas inlets 22, 24 and falls onto the moving grate 9.
  • the viscous fluid solidifies and falls onto the grate 9 with ash from the combusted fuel and can thus be removed with the bottom ash removal system.
  • the size of the inlets 22, 24 cause the velocity of the gas flow to increase as it enters the thermal dust eliminator in accordance with the conservation of energy. In other words, because the cross-sectional area of the gas flow path decreases and the temperature stays largely the same, the gas flow velocity increases. This means that when the particles in the gas flow impinge on the baffle they are more readily transformed into a viscous fluid. Since the gas that exits the thermal dust eliminator 20 is largely free of sticky particles, erosion and fouling of the conduits is reduced. This means that the combustion system does not have to be shut down for cleaning nearly as often or at all.
  • the thermal dust eliminator 20 is made from a high temperature and chemical resistant ceramic material. This prevents cracks from forming and erosion from occurring.
  • FIGs 5 through 7 show an alternative embodiment of thermal dust eliminator, generally at 50.
  • the apparatus is located on top of an arch-shaped shelf 11 in the burner (shown in Figure 1) .
  • the thermal dust eliminator 50 comprises a hollow, substantially cylindrical body 52, having a closed end 52a and an open end 52b. Towards the closed end 52a is a support structure 54 which mounts the body 52 on the shelf 11.
  • a substantially rectangular gas inlet 56 generally in the shape of a letterbox, leads from under the shelf 11 into the interior of the body 52.
  • a gas outlet 58 is located at the end 52b.
  • the body 52 comprises a sandwich structure, with the internal surface comprising a refractory ceramic material and the outer wall comprising steel, with insulation material there-between.
  • the inlet 56, outlet 58 and body 52 are dimensioned with respect to the burner such that the velocity of the gas is sufficiently great that centrifugal forces cause particulates carried in the gas flow to impinge upon the internal wall of the body 52. There they become molten, as with the previous embodiment, and run down to be collected in the burner.
  • Figure 7a is a longitudinal section
  • Figure 7c a transverse section respectively of the views in Figures 7d and 7b.
  • the thermal dust eliminator 20 be located within the burner.
  • it may be located in an intermediate chamber between the burner 1 and residence chamber 7.
  • it is preferable to locate the thermal dust eliminator 20 in the burner 1 since it removes the sticky particles at the earliest opportunity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un dispositif d'élimination de particules destiné à extraire des particules d'un flux gazeux, comprenant un déflecteur disposé pour intercepter le flux gazeux de sorte que, lorsque les particules comprises à l'intérieur du flux gazeux frappent le déflecteur, elles sont mises à l'état liquide.
PCT/GB2010/050805 2009-05-18 2010-05-18 Dispositif d'élimination de particules en suspension dans un gaz WO2010133870A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10726172A EP2461886A1 (fr) 2009-05-18 2010-05-18 Dispositif d'élimination de particules en suspension dans un gaz

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0908497A GB0908497D0 (en) 2009-05-18 2009-05-18 Gas-borne particle remover
GB0908497.1 2009-05-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010133870A1 true WO2010133870A1 (fr) 2010-11-25

Family

ID=40834149

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2010/050805 WO2010133870A1 (fr) 2009-05-18 2010-05-18 Dispositif d'élimination de particules en suspension dans un gaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2461886A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0908497D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010133870A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3503348A (en) * 1968-08-30 1970-03-31 Hagan Ind Inc Incinerator
EP0386806A2 (fr) * 1989-03-08 1990-09-12 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour la séparation de cendres liquides
US5250090A (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-10-05 Hps Merrimack, Inc. Separation devices
DE19512435A1 (de) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-17 Waermetechnik Dr Pauli Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Hochtemperaturentstaubung von Rauchgasen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3503348A (en) * 1968-08-30 1970-03-31 Hagan Ind Inc Incinerator
EP0386806A2 (fr) * 1989-03-08 1990-09-12 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour la séparation de cendres liquides
US5250090A (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-10-05 Hps Merrimack, Inc. Separation devices
DE19512435A1 (de) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-17 Waermetechnik Dr Pauli Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Hochtemperaturentstaubung von Rauchgasen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0908497D0 (en) 2009-06-24
EP2461886A1 (fr) 2012-06-13

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