WO2010119061A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der cbl-b expression - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung der cbl-b expression Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010119061A1 WO2010119061A1 PCT/EP2010/054886 EP2010054886W WO2010119061A1 WO 2010119061 A1 WO2010119061 A1 WO 2010119061A1 EP 2010054886 W EP2010054886 W EP 2010054886W WO 2010119061 A1 WO2010119061 A1 WO 2010119061A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56966—Animal cells
- G01N33/56972—White blood cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/5748—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving oncogenic proteins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
- G01N33/57496—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites involving intracellular compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/005—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from viruses
- G01N2333/08—RNA viruses
- G01N2333/15—Retroviridae, e.g. bovine leukaemia virus, feline leukaemia virus, feline leukaemia virus, human T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma virus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/82—Translation products from oncogenes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/24—Immunology or allergic disorders
- G01N2800/245—Transplantation related diseases, e.g. graft versus host disease
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for the determination of intracellular proteins and biomarkers.
- Cbl-b deficient mice are viable and their immune system is capable of efficiently recognizing autologous-induced tumors and building up a lytic immune response based primarily on CD8 + T cells (Loeser et al., JEM (2007) doi: 10.1084 / iem.20061699).
- complete shutdown of the enzyme also led to an increased autoimmunity after immunization with superantigens.
- Loeser at al. were able to demonstrate that Cbl-b is a negative regulator responsible for the "immunoreactivity" of T cells.
- the determination of the intracellular Cbl-b protein in T cells of the patient is therefore a relevant biomarker for the status of the immune response to certain antigens.
- This enzyme represents a crucial set point in the control of immunoreactivity (Chiang et al., J. Clin Invest (2007) doi: 10.1172 / JCI29472).
- WO 2004/108896 A2 relates to gene expression profiling in uterine and ovarian cancer.
- genes studied is the cbl-b gene.
- WO 2008/021431 A2 relates to the monitoring of organ transplants and immune disorders, wherein the cbl-b gene has been monitored.
- the present invention relates to a method for the determination of intracellular Cbl-b protein in cells of a sample comprising
- the present invention therefore relates to the direct measurement of the intracellular content of Cbl-b in immune cells, for example, directly from the blood or other tissues (eg tumor tissue, organ biopsies, intestinal biopsies and lavage, joint fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, etc.) of patients can.
- the cells of the patient can be contacted by an in vitro or ex vivo method with an antigen that is functionally related eg to a corresponding disease (eg a pathogen isolate for infectious diseases, tumor antigens in cancers, autoantigens in autoimmune diseases, alloantigen in Allotrans - plantates, allergens in allergies, etc.) in order to prevent the immunoreactive determine the cells against such stimulants.
- a corresponding disease eg a pathogen isolate for infectious diseases, tumor antigens in cancers, autoantigens in autoimmune diseases, alloantigen in Allotrans - plantates, allergens in allergies, etc.
- Cbl-b sequences are e.g. in the NCBI GenBank database under the Acc. Nos. DQ349203 (nucleic acid) and ABC86700 (protein).
- Anti-Cbl-b antibodies are commercially available, but none have been reported to determine intracellular Cbl-b protein content.
- the intracellular measurement of certain proteins by antibodies depends on various factors that are not comparable to batch methods, such as measurements in homogenates for Western blots.
- an intracellular measurement requires that an antibody be introduced into a cell.
- the cell is permeabilized, allowing certain molecules to enter the cell through artificially created pores. This penetration is not possible with any antibody sizes.
- the antibodies should be kept as small as possible.
- antibodies can be modified to attach a marker. Normally, fluorescent dyes are used as markers in the intracellular measurement. This may result in previous methods a problem with a lower detection limit and an increased signal / noise ratio.
- proteins and possibly also nucleic acids of the cell are cross-linked by cross-linking reagents so that they form a stable network framework.
- a cross-linking reagent is, for example, formaldehyde. Therefore, for an antibody to be capable of intracellularly determining Cbl-b, it must be able to recognize its cross-linked form in the cellular context.
- proteins are not isolated or isolated to a small extent but form complexes with diverse binding partners. In particular, phosphoepitopes, which also occur on Cbl-b, are generally hidden by complexation with other proteins (Krutzik et al., Clin. Immun. - A -
- Antibodies suitable for intracellular measurement should be able to recognize the protein in its three-dimensionally folded state. Since many antibodies which have been generated with the aid of peptides or short recombinant fragments of the antigen, can preferably recognize linear epitopes, this does not immediately make them suitable for intracellular applications. The intracellular fixation of the cells often complicates the recognizability of epitopes by antibodies additionally. The antibodies may recognize denatured Cbl-b, but only in the form of linear epitopes and no longer in the cellular context of the complete protein in permeabilized and fixed cells.
- At least one antibody is suitable for determining the Cbl-b protein content in cells.
- the detection of the binding events between the antibody and Cbl-b can be carried out in a conventional manner, for example by labeling the antibodies, whereby only those antibodies are detected which also bind Cbl-b proteins in the cells.
- unbound antibodies may be removed by a washing step.
- a corresponding label is, for example, a fluorescence label or else a radioactive label.
- an enzymatic label should also be unsuitable for certain applications and cell permeabilization methods.
- the detection per se can e.g. If necessary, signals can also be amplified by photomultipliers.
- Suitable detection means comprise a light source suitable for fluorescence excitation of a selected fluorescence marker and an optical detector.
- the cells may be detected in a measuring cell, such as a flow cell, in which the cells are made of e.g. be passed through a cell suspension.
- Antibody according to the present invention relates to all antibody forms and functional antibody equivalents, in particular antibodies of IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM type including all subtypes such as IgGl or IgG2, as well as functional antigen-specific fragments such as Fab, F (ab) 2 , Fv etc .. Likewise artificial and artificially modified antibodies, such as single chain antibody fragments (scFv) are understood as “antibodies” of the present invention.
- scFv single chain antibody fragments
- the antibody may be monoclonal or polyclonal. It may be derived from any organism (including isolated cells thereof), in particular a mammal, in particular a primate or human, or a rodent such as a mouse, rat or hamster.
- the antibodies are labeled, preferably fluorescently labeled.
- the cells comprise leukocytes, preferably PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells).
- the cells to be used according to the invention are leucocytes (T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells or NKT cells, monocytes, macrophages and / or dendritic cells), in particular PBMCs, T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, CD4 + T Lymphocytes, especially ThI, Th2, Thl7, Tregs (regulatory T cells).
- the differentiation of the different T-cell subpopulations may include surface markers, preferably CD4, CD8, CD25, CD69, CD70, CD27, CD39, CD54, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L, CD73, CD95, CD107a, CD127, CD134, CDwl37, CD152, CD154, CCR4, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR3, GITR, PD-I, A2AR, cytokines especially IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-IO, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL- 21, IL-22, IL-26, IL-27, interferon- ⁇ , lymphotxin- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , and other intracellular molecules, particularly Foxp3, GATA-3, RORc, T-bet.
- surface markers preferably CD4, CD8, CD25, CD69, CD70, CD27, CD39, CD54, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L, CD73, CD95, CD107
- NK cells preferably due to the expression of CD1, CD3, CD16, CD69, CD95, CD107a, CD127, KIR and NKR molecules.
- B-cell subpopulations preferably due to the expression of CD19, CD20, CD22, CD27, CD38, CD40, CD267, CD268, CD269, (membrane-bound) IgD.
- the reactivity of leukocytes of individuals against certain antigens in different subfractions of immune cells can be determined.
- the leukocytes are isolated from blood or tissue, and then contacted with relevant for the corresponding disease antigen. This can be done by direct addition to the unseparated leukocyte preparation (eg PBMCs).
- the contacting with the antigen can also take place in vivo - for example in the course of a disease.
- antigen presenting cells may be used for the presentation of the antigen, preferably dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages or B cells. Lymphocytes, preferably T cells, may then be contacted with such antigen-loaded cells to achieve antigen-specific in vitro stimulation.
- the T cells stimulated in this manner may then, after a certain period of time, preferably after 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216, 240 hours for their Cbl-b Expression can be examined, and the Cbl-b expression can be correlated with the expression of the previously mentioned classes of molecules.
- the cells are individually measured for detection of binding events, preferably with simultaneous classification or determination of the cell type.
- a single measurement of the cells it is possible to isolate from a cell population those cells which have a particularly high or particularly low Cbl-b protein amount.
- Cbl-b and low levels of Cblb in other cells only an average would be determined which would not allow for any specific immunological behavior.
- the single measurement of cells it is possible simultaneously e.g. use different different markers, in particular different colored fluorescence markers that provide a second signal due to detected cell surface markers, which cell types can be distinguished, as already stated above.
- the cells are measured at high throughput of at least 20, preferably at least 50, in particular at least 100, more preferably at least 200, cells per second.
- High-throughput methods have the advantage that a large number of cells are measured per unit of time.
- one or more further markers besides Cbl-b can additionally be measured simultaneously and a parallel assignment or sorting of the cells according to these parameters is made possible.
- flow cytometry in which even up to 1,000 cells per second or more can be typed and measured according to the Cbl-b content, can be used.
- Fluorescent dyes are preferably used for the detection of Cbl-b or other cellular markers ("multicolor" -based method) .
- multicolor cellular markers
- the additional measurement of other intracellular proteins makes it possible to normalize and balance the Cbl-b amount if next to the Cbl-b content further control values or control proteins are measured, which represent a constant reference value of the respective cells of interest and for the normalization or comparison of CbI-b values are suitable.
- the quantification of Cbl-b on the one hand to distinguish the amount of Cbl-b in the individual cells or to detect those cells to quantify in the Cbl-b is detected (from a certain threshold).
- the proportion of cells in which Cbl-b is detected and / or the amount of Cbl-b protein in the cells is quantified.
- the cell is stimulated with an antigen prior to detection of the binding events, preferably also prior to introduction of the antibody, wherein preferably the cells comprise antigen-presenting cells.
- the cells comprise antigen-presenting cells.
- the extent of cell stimulation can be determined by the simultaneous measurement of additional markers, and thus a Cbl-b increase by cell stimulation can be differentiated from the Cbl-b increase by anergy.
- the cells can also be treated with other immunomodulating substances, such as cytokines or ligands of immunomodulating receptors. Therefore, preferably during or prior to detection of the binding events, the cells are treated with immunostimulating substances, preferably cytokine (s) or ligands of immunomodulating receptors, in particular TLR (toll-like receptors) or antibodies to surface molecules, in particular CD3 and / or CD28.
- immunomodulating substances preferably cytokine (s) or ligands of immunomodulating receptors, in particular TLR (toll-like receptors) or antibodies to surface molecules, in particular CD3 and / or CD28.
- Cbl-b is a potentially phosphorylated or ubiquitinated protein.
- selections of the detected Cbl-b may optionally be made. Therefore, in particularly preferred embodiments, the amount of post-translationally modified, preferably phosphorylated and / or ubiquitinated Cbl-b protein is determined.
- the present invention relates to a method of diagnosing a disease or prognosis of the occurrence or course of a disease
- the present invention describes for the first time a method for, for example, flow cytometric determination of the Cbl-b protein content in leukocytes and thus enables a detailed analysis of the immune status of the patient.
- a method for, for example, flow cytometric determination of the Cbl-b protein content in leukocytes and thus enables a detailed analysis of the immune status of the patient.
- the Cbl-b protein content in leukocytes of the patient they become isolated from patient tissue, preferably from peripheral blood, body fluids or tissue biopsies.
- measurements of the Cbl-b protein content are 2, preferably 3 or more preferably 4 or more, made at different times. These data can be correlated with the Cbl-b protein content of the subject of comparison to detect significant deviations from a healthy state or characteristic of the course or occurrence of a particular disease.
- These different times may be at least 4, 8, 12, 16, minimum 24, minimum 36, minimum 48, minimum 72, minimum 96, minimum 120, minimum 144, minimum 168, minimum 192, minimum 216, minimum 240 hours, of at least 2 days, preferably at least 1 week, more preferably at least 2 weeks or 1 month or more.
- the subject is a sucker or a bird, preferably a primate, human, rodent, in particular a mouse, a rat, a hamster, a pet, in particular a pig, horse, cow, chicken, turkey, dog or cat.
- the subject is a human.
- these cells can be contacted with a particular antigen to detect a particular immunological response.
- an antigen is selected which is related to the diseases, for example, which can trigger or influence the diseases.
- antigens are for example allergens or immunogens of pathogens.
- This also includes the use of the epitopes of the antigens.
- cancer antigens or cancer epitopes can also be selected.
- cell markers are used in the diagnosis and / or prognosis, in particular for distinguishing certain cell types and populations.
- a specific cell type or a specific cell population is often decisive (or causative) and thus the relevant cell group can be specifically diagnosed or prognosticated. be spoken.
- diseases which can be investigated according to the invention are all those associated with influencing an immunological response.
- diseases in which a change in the immune response is the cause of the disease are particularly preferred.
- "disease” should be regarded as a general health-damaging condition, which differs from a normal condition of a healthy person.
- a particularly specific disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention can be determined via Cbl-b as a biomarker, whether an immune response against a particular infection (eg contacting cells of the immune system with an antigen as described above) is sufficient to combat an infection or if there is a risk that an infection forms a chronic infection that can not be sufficiently or not successfully prevented by the immune system.
- Cbl-b is a co-responsible immunomodulator that, when up-regulated, or at least not down-regulated, leads to inadequate control of tumors with certain tumor antigens by the immune system.
- Cbl-b is a co-responsible immunomodulator that, when up-regulated, or at least not down-regulated, leads to inadequate control of tumors with certain tumor antigens by the immune system.
- tumor disease Another important application for Cbl-b as a biomarker is tumor disease.
- the proportion of regulatory and anergic cells in tumor tumor counts as a negative prognostic marker. Therefore, the determination of the protein content of Cbl-b in the tumor cells as well as circulating immune cells (especially in T cells and NK cells) is a relevant biomarker. Since some of the homing T cells also circulate through the blood, the determination of Cbl-b in immune cells of peripheral blood of patients can also be used as a biomarker.
- the disease is an inflammatory or autoimmune disease.
- Cbl-b as a biomarker autoimmune diseases (eg MS, colitis, psoriasis, arthritis, SLE) and inflammatory diseases (eg allergic asthma).
- the origin of these immune diseases is causally related to the reaction against the body's own antigens or harmless foreign antigens.
- Such an autoimmune reaction or allergic immune reaction against harmless foreign antigens is suppressed by regulatory T cells in the normal case and T cells, which also have a certain reactivity against endogenous antigens, therefore, are predominantly in an anergic state.
- autoreactive T cells are activated and chronic inflammatory processes occur in affected tissues.
- the disease comprises an immune response to allografts.
- Cbl-b as a biomarker, it is possible to monitor transplant rejection in patients with allografts. Again, there is a need for biomarkers that can be determined without biopsy of the transplanted organ. Since the same molecular mechanisms as outlined above are relevant in the immune tolerance to the graft, Cbl-b expression in leukocytes is a suitable biomarker also for the immune status of patients with respect to the rejection of the transplanted organ.
- the disease may include, in particular in specific embodiments, an immune response to allergens, exogenous antigens or endogenous antigens (autoreactivity). Allergies belong to the classic immune-modulated diseases, which can be significantly influenced, for example, by down-regulation of Cbl-b. This makes it possible to use Cbl-b as a marker for the diagnosis or prognosis, in particular the prognosis of the course of the disease.
- Cbl-b as a biomarker is the determination of the general disposition of still healthy individuals to immunological reactivity. Because of this disposition the individual response affects both exogenous and endogenous antigens, their determination is relevant for predicting the response of healthy individuals to antigens introduced by vaccination, infection or other contact into the organism, as well as for the predisposition to immunological autoreactivity. Therefore, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for determining the immunoreactivity of cells of a subject, especially leukocytes, against an antigen
- Cbl-b expression can be used as a biomarker for the immunological disposition of individuals for reactivity to allergens, exogenous antigens or endogenous antigens (autoreactivity).
- T cell activation leads to an increase in the amount of Cbl-b mRNA and protein. This means that it is not a foregone conclusion whether changes in the total amount of Cbl-b in peripheral blood leukocytes are due to full functional T cell activation as such or, on the contrary, to an anergic phenotype, thus being beneficial in addition thereto distinguish whether the cells are those which require an immune reaction by their activation (T H , T c ) or throttling (T reg ). Also, in peripheral blood, not only T cells contain Cbl-b protein but, as is known, almost all subtypes of leukocytes.
- the comparison values by a significantly different Cbl-b Quantities can be determined from samples of other subjects, preferably wherein the antigen with which the cells are contacted is identical to the reference antigen to normalize the general reactivity of the antigen with cells. Some antigens are more likely to bind and activate cells more and others tend to be weaker.
- the antigens are preferably allergens, exogenous antigens or endogenous antigens of the subject.
- the above-mentioned parameters or selection of the cells (or co-determination of special cell classifier markers) are preferably carried out.
- an antibody capable of binding intracellular Cbl-b in particular, which binds an epitope of Cbl-b in the intracellular environment, particularly after fixation, in particular cross-linking in the cellular context.
- Such an antibody is also a subject of the invention, particularly for use in the intracellular determination of Cbl-b. Therefore, the present invention provides a further aspect the use of an antibody which intracellular Cbl-b binds to the intacellular determination of Cbl-b.
- Included herein are antibody derivatives or fragments as already described herein. The antibody is preferably directed against (or specific to) the C-terminus of Cbl-b.
- the antibody binds an epitope in the region of the C-terminal 300, preferably 250 or 200, preferably 180, especially preferably 170, particularly preferably 150 or 149, amino acids of Cbl-b.
- the antibody is specific or directed against the amino acids from 833 to the C-terminus, preferably amino acids 833 to 964 of Cbl-b (or binds an epitope in this region), wherein the numbering of the amino acids corresponds to human Cbl-b.
- the antibody can be generated, for example, by immunization with a fragment comprising amino acids 833-964 from Cbl-b.
- the antibody may be from any organism, especially mammals and rodents as discussed above.
- an antibody which can be used according to the invention is the antibody Abcam Ab54362 (commercially available from Abcam, www.abcam.com/CBLB-antibody- 246C5a-ab54362.html), a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a recombinant C-terminal fragment (aa833-964) of human Cbl-b.
- Abcam Ab54362 commercially available from Abcam, www.abcam.com/CBLB-antibody- 246C5a-ab54362.html
- a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a recombinant C-terminal fragment aa833-964
- the antibody is used to determine a disease as described herein.
- the invention relates to a kit comprising this antibody, preferably labeled, in particular fluorescently labeled, and cell fixatives and / or cell permeabilizers, preferably selected from formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, acetone, Triton X-100 (octoxynol-9) and sapo - Nin, preferably additionally one or more antibodies against a surface receptor of lymphocytes, in particular T cells or NK cells, preferably selected from CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD25, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD69, or CD4, CD8, CD25 , CD69, CD70, CD27, CD39, CD62L, CD45R, CD95RO, CD62L, CD73, CD95, CD107a, CD127, CD134, CDwl37, CD152, CD154, CCR4, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR3, GITR, PD-I, A2AR Cytokines, particularly IL-2, IL-6, and cell fixatives and
- FIG. 1 shows that in human T cells the Cbl-b protein content through the anergy-mediating sole stimulation of the T cell receptor is substantially higher than that of optimally stimulated (anti-CD3 and anti-CD28) T cells and high Cbl-b expression can thus be used as a marker for anergic T cells.
- FIG. 3 shows the correlation of the expression determination of Cbl-b by RT-PCR (A), Western blot (B) and icFACS (C) of human T cells and thus the validation of the Cbl-b specificity of icFACS staining of Cbl- b by specific silencing of Cbl-b expression by Cbl-b directed siRNA.
- FIG. 4 shows the simultaneous FACS determination of the Cbl-b protein content of human immune cells from peripheral blood (PBMCs) and the expression of two further immune cell markers (CD45RA and CD3).
- FIG. 5 shows the FACS determination of Cbl-b expression together with CD45RA in NK cells.
- Fig. 6 shows that patients suffering from an autoimmune disease have a reduced Cbl-b content in their T cells, which can not be significantly induced even by normally anergy-inducing antigenic contact.
- A Comparison of the proportion of low Cbl-b cells in lymphocytes of SLE patients and healthy controls;
- B Cbl-b content in CD3 + cells of SLE patients and healthy controls;
- C anergic Cbl-b stimulation of SLE patients and healthy controls by an allergen.
- Example 1 Anergic T cells have a particularly high content of intracellular Cbl-b protein.
- PBMCs from healthy volunteer donors were prepared using the standard density gradient centrifugation protocol (Ficoll) and the CD8 T cells were isolated by MACS (Miltenyi, protocol following the manufacturer's recommendations). The T cells were then stimulated with anti-CD3 or anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, harvested after 24 h, and the amount of Cbl-b protein was determined by Western blot using anti-Cbl-b antibodies. It was found that a particularly high Cbl-b protein content by the anergy-mediating sole Stimulation of the T cell receptor is achieved.
- Example 2 Determination of the intracellular content of CbI-b in primary murine splenocytes by flow cytometry
- the cells were stained according to the following protocol: One million cells were washed once with 200 ⁇ l of FACS buffer (PBS + 2% FCS) and then fixed and permeabilized by incubation for 20 minutes in 250 ⁇ l of Cytofix / Cytoperm solution (manufacturer: Becton Dickinson). Thereafter, the cells were washed once with 200 ⁇ l of Perm / Wash Buffer from the same manufacturer and incubated with antibody (diluted in perm / wash buffer to an antibody concentration of 2 ⁇ g / ml) to room temperature for 30 minutes.
- FACS buffer PBS + 2% FCS
- Cytofix / Cytoperm solution manufactured by Becton Dickinson
- the cells were then washed twice in 200 ⁇ l of perm / wash buffer and incubated with a fluorescence-labeled second darantikorper (anti mouse IgG-PE, manufacturer: Southern Biotech) for a further 30 minutes incubated. Finally, cells were washed once each with wash / perm buffer and FACS buffer and resuspended in 250 ⁇ l FACS buffer for FACS analysis.
- the fluorescent dye of the secondary antibody is freely selectable in this protocol, all possible multicolor tints can also be carried out with other markers in order to detect Cbl-b expression specifically in specific subpopulations of cells.
- Example 3 Validation of the intracellular Cbl-b staining protocol by the Cbl-b determination of preceding inhibition of Cbl-b expression by cblb-specific siRNA
- the human T cells were treated according to the following protocol:
- Example 4 The combination of Cbl-b detection with other immune cell markers allows the simultaneous determination of the Cbl-b protein content in a wide variety of disease-relevant immune cells.
- PBMCs from healthy volunteer donors were prepared using the standard protocol for density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll) and stained with Cbl-b antibody and secondary detection antibody as described above.
- the cells were stained with antibodies directed against CD54RA and CD3 (directly labeled CD45RA-FITC and CD3-PE-Cy7 antibodies, manufacturer Invitrogen).
- Results of the FACS determination are shown in FIG.
- SSC lateral
- FSC forward
- individual cell types - if specified - can be specifically determined. It shows that the Cbl-b content in the T-cell fraction of healthy persons is comparatively uniform (FIG. 4A, morphology gate, SSC and FSC adjustment on lymphocytes), regardless of whether they are naive (FIG. CD45RA +) or Memory T cells (CD45RA-)
- FIG. 4C shows that relevant amounts of Cbl-b are also expressed in these cells.
- Figure 4D shows that myeloid cells (morphology gate in SSC vs. FSC on monocytes / macrophages) also express relevant levels of Cbl-b protein, although preferably CD14-positive monocytes express Cbl-b protein compared to CD14- negative myeolid cells (mainly macrophages).
- Example 5 Expression of CbI-b in NK cells.
- Fig. 5 shows results of NK cells isolated from PBMCs by MACS (NK Cell Isolation Kit, Invitrogen) and stained as in Example 4 for co-determination of Cbl-b and CD45RA. It shows that all classical NK cells (CD45RA-positive) express Cbl-b.
- CD45RA-negative cells The low proportion of CD45RA-negative cells in this preparation can be described in the literature as so-called “killer dendritic cells", which have properties of NK cells and dendritic cells (see, for example, Bonmort et al., Current Opinion in Immunology 2008, 20 : 558-565), as their cell morphology identifies them as somewhat larger than classical lymphocytes, and is also described by CD45RA-negative subsets (Bangert et al., J.
- Example 5 thus shows that the definition of distinct cellular subpopulations by the determination of their cbl-b expression allows an improved functional characterization of the state of activity of the immune system in the context of a tumor disease.
- Example 6 Patients suffering from uterine autoimmune disease due to pathologically increased immunoreactivity have a reduced Cbl-b content in T cells.
- a reduced Cbl-b protein content in immune cells leads to an increased activation of the immune system. While this is desirable in the situation of a tumor disease, pathologically increased immunity to endogenous antigens is pathologically relevant in the context of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the Cbl-b protein content of immune cells in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated. PBMCs from SLE patients or from healthy controls were prepared and stained with Cbl-b, CD45RA and CD3 antibodies as described in Example 4 and analyzed by flow cytometry. This allows the identification of different cell populations for their Cbl-b protein content.
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- PBMCs of a SLE patient or a healthy comparator were therefore contacted with a harmless plant antigen (phytohemagglutinin) from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
- the antigen may, in higher concentrations, result in activation of T cells, which usually results in an anergic reaction of the contacting T cells in the absence of other T cell-specific stimuli.
- T cells from a healthy control responded with a marked increase in Cbl-b protein content (Figure 7C) characteristic of anergic T cells (incubation of 2 million PBMCs in ImI Xvivo medium with 2 ⁇ l phytohemaglutinin suspension ( Figure 7C). Invitrogen-GIBCO for 48 h.)
- T-cells of an SLE patient, who already had an already reduced Cbl-b protein content no longer reacted with an increase in Cbl-b protein content.
- Example 7 therefore illustrates that the subject method for determining the Cbl-b protein content in immune cells is particularly suitable in complex immune cell mixtures with different compositions and also allows predictive statements on the response of immune cells of patients in the context of their Cbl-b content to different stimuli.
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AU2010238500A AU2010238500A1 (en) | 2009-04-14 | 2010-04-14 | Method for determining the Cbl-b expression |
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WO2004108896A2 (en) | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Gene expression profiling of uterine serous papillary carcinomas and ovarian serous papillary tumors |
WO2008021431A2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2008-02-21 | Xdx, Inc. | Methods and compositions for diagnosing and monitoring the status of transplant rejection and immune disorders |
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EP2471548A1 (de) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-04 | Apeiron Biologics AG | siRNA gegen Cbl-b und optional IL2 und IL12 zur Verwendung in der Behandlung von Krebs |
WO2012089736A1 (de) | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Apeiron Biologics Ag | Sirna gegen cbl-b und optional il2 und il12 zur verwendung in der behandlung von krebs |
US9186373B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2015-11-17 | Apeiron Biologics Ag | SiRNA against Cbl-b and optionally IL-2 and IL-12 for use in the treatment of cancer |
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EP2419735A1 (de) | 2012-02-22 |
US20120040864A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
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