WO2010118669A1 - 基于以太网的发送数据的方法、以太网节点及控制系统 - Google Patents

基于以太网的发送数据的方法、以太网节点及控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010118669A1
WO2010118669A1 PCT/CN2010/071655 CN2010071655W WO2010118669A1 WO 2010118669 A1 WO2010118669 A1 WO 2010118669A1 CN 2010071655 W CN2010071655 W CN 2010071655W WO 2010118669 A1 WO2010118669 A1 WO 2010118669A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
node
time period
period
communication macro
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PCT/CN2010/071655
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯冬芹
王强
褚健
金建祥
Original Assignee
中控科技集团有限公司
浙江大学
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Application filed by 中控科技集团有限公司, 浙江大学 filed Critical 中控科技集团有限公司
Priority to US13/139,807 priority Critical patent/US8850058B2/en
Priority to RU2011124031/08A priority patent/RU2011124031A/ru
Priority to JP2011546581A priority patent/JP2012516589A/ja
Priority to EP10764082.3A priority patent/EP2352264B1/en
Publication of WO2010118669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010118669A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56Packet switching systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/407Bus networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/417Bus networks with decentralised control with deterministic access, e.g. token passing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/35Switches specially adapted for specific applications
    • H04L49/351Switches specially adapted for specific applications for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02Details
    • H04J3/06Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635Clock or time synchronisation in a network
    • H04J3/0638Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
    • H04J3/0658Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
    • H04J3/0661Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes using timestamps
    • H04J3/0667Bidirectional timestamps, e.g. NTP or PTP for compensation of clock drift and for compensation of propagation delays

Definitions

  • the control system includes at least one control device and at least one measurement execution device, one control device controlling at least one measurement execution device.
  • Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)/Collision Detection (CD) mechanism for data transmission.
  • CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
  • CD collision Detection
  • each node (including the control device and the measurement execution device) inside the control system monitors the channel, and only when the channel is idle, the node that needs to send data can send the data.
  • an existing solution is to use a backoff method when a node that needs to transmit data finds a phenomenon of data transmission collision, that is, delays a period of time and then attempts to transmit data.
  • the invention provides an Ethernet-based method for transmitting data, an Ethernet node and a control system for fundamentally solving the problem of sending data conflicts.
  • An Ethernet-based method for transmitting data is applied to a control system including multiple nodes, where the method for transmitting data includes: a first node buffering data to be transmitted; if a current communication macro cycle includes a first node The time period during which the data is sent, the first node sends the buffered data during the time period for the first node to send data in the current communication macro period, if the current communication macro period does not include the time period for the first node to send data. The first node does not send the cached data in the current communication macro cycle, wherein the other nodes are not in the time period for the first node to send data in the current communication macro cycle, and the duration of each communication macro cycle is the same.
  • Each communication macro cycle consists of multiple time periods of fixed length.
  • An Ethernet node is applied to a control system including a plurality of Ethernet nodes, where the Ethernet node includes: a cache unit that buffers data to be sent; and a first determining unit, after the cache unit caches data to be sent, Determining whether the current communication macro period includes a time period for the Ethernet node to transmit data; and the data processing unit, if the first determining unit determines that the current communication macro period includes a time period for the Ethernet node to send data, The data processing unit sends the data buffered by the buffer unit during a time period for the Ethernet node to send data in the current communication macro period, and if the first determining unit determines that the current communication macro period does not include the data sent by the Ethernet node. The data processing unit does not send the data cached by the cache unit in the current communication macro cycle, wherein, in other sections, the duration of each communication macro cycle is the same, and each communication macro cycle is composed of multiple fixed time periods composition.
  • a control system includes: a control device and a plurality of measurement execution devices; the control device controls at least one measurement execution device, and transmits data during a time period within a communication macrocycle for transmitting data by the control device; a plurality of measurement execution devices, controlled by the control device, and each measurement execution device transmits data during a time period within a communication macrocycle for which data is transmitted; Any one of the communication macro cycles can be occupied by only one of the control device and the plurality of measurement execution devices, and each communication macro cycle has the same duration, and each communication macro cycle is A plurality of time periods of fixed length are composed.
  • each node in the control system transmits data during a time period for which data is transmitted, thus solving the problem of sending data conflicts caused by multiple nodes transmitting data at the same time, and also It can ensure that each node can send data at a certain time, which solves the problem that the node that needs to send data cannot send data for a long time.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting data based on Ethernet according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a logical structure of an Ethernet node according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of several topology structures used for Ethernet in the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a clock synchronization process based on the IEEE1588 precise clock protocol of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a configuration manner of a communication macrocycle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission manner based on the communication macrocycle shown in FIG.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an application and authorization process of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a flow chart of communication scheduling management of a device of the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart of processing data of a device of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a clock synchronization process according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another arrangement manner of a communication macro cycle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission manner based on the communication macro cycle shown in FIG. 13 according to the present invention.
  • the control system may include a plurality of nodes, wherein at least one of the nodes has a control device that controls the operation of the other nodes, and at least one of the nodes is a measurement execution device controlled by the control device, and the main function of the measurement execution device is measurement and execution.
  • the control system can be a numerical control system comprising at least one numerical control device and at least one servo drive controlled by the numerical control device.
  • Ethernet can be a local area network consisting of devices such as nodes, bridges, and switches in the control system. Ethernet can use topologies such as star, daisy chain, and ring. Of course, you can also use the structure of these topologies.
  • the communication macro period mentioned in all of the following embodiments refers to a period consisting of a plurality of fixed length periods, each communication macro period having the same duration.
  • the length of each time period in a communication macro cycle may be set according to the performance of the node corresponding to the time period.
  • the lengths of all time periods in one communication macro cycle may be the same, or may only be part of the time period.
  • the length is the same, and it may be that the lengths of all time periods are completely different.
  • only one node is allowed to occupy any time period to send data.
  • there are at least two ways of setting each communication macro cycle there are at least two ways of setting each communication macro cycle.
  • each time period in each communication macro cycle is pre-assigned to one node, that is, each time segment corresponds to one node in advance, so that for each time segment, there is a pre-designation.
  • the nodes are occupied to use for nodes to send data.
  • the same time period within each communication macrocycle can be assigned to the same node, such that the node transmits data for the same time period within each communication macrocycle.
  • the first time period within each communication macrocycle is assigned to a control device having control of the operation of other nodes, such that the control device transmits data during the first time period within each communication macrocycle.
  • the same time period in different communication macro cycles can be assigned to different nodes, that is, several nodes multiplex the same time period. For example, assigning the first time period of the nth (n is a positive integer) communication macro cycle to the control device, and assigning the first time period of the (n+1)th communication macro cycle to the measurement execution device 1 in the control system , in this way, the control device and The measurement execution device 1 alternately occupies the first time period.
  • the second setting mode of the communication macro cycle is that each communication macro cycle includes a random time period in addition to at least one time period pre-assigned to the node, and the random time segment is not pre-assigned to a certain node.
  • the communication macro period includes a random time period, a first time period, and a second time, in addition to the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period that are pre-assigned to the node.
  • the time period and the third time period may each be occupied by a pre-designated node, and the random time period can only be occupied by a node that is authorized to occupy a random time period.
  • a node may obtain multiple random accession times within a different communication macro period.
  • random time periods within different communication macrocycles may also be occupied by different nodes after authorization.
  • the lengths of random time periods in different communication macro periods are the same.
  • the setting manner of the communication macro period may also be other manners, and in a specific implementation, it can be flexibly set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs. Since the communication macro cycle in all of the following embodiments mainly uses the above two setting modes, the manner of setting the communication macro cycle is not exemplified here. Next, a method of transmitting data based on Ethernet according to the present invention will be described. As shown in Figure 1, it includes:
  • S101 The first node caches data that needs to be sent;
  • S102 If the current communication macrocycle includes a time period for the first node to send data, the time that the first node sends data for the first node in the current communication macrocycle The segment sends the buffered data. If the current communication macrocycle does not include a time period for the first node to send data, the first node does not send the cached data in the current communication macrocycle, wherein the other nodes are not in the current communication macrocycle.
  • the data is transmitted for the time period in which the first node transmits data, and the duration of each communication macro cycle is the same, and each communication macro cycle is composed of a plurality of fixed time periods.
  • the data that needs to be sent may refer to data that the first node needs to forward, or may refer to data that the first node generates and needs to send out.
  • the first node After the first node buffers the data that needs to be sent, it can be determined whether the current communication macro cycle includes a time period for the first node to send data. If it is found that the current communication macro cycle includes a time period for the first node to transmit data, the first node may transmit the buffered data during the time period for the first node to transmit data within the current communication macro cycle. In practical applications, the amount of data buffered is sometimes large. In this case, the first node can only send a part of the data in the buffer during the current communication macro period for the data to be sent. The remaining data can be Transmitted in one or more subsequent time periods for the first node to transmit data.
  • the first node does not send the buffered data within the current communication macrocycle.
  • any time period can be occupied by only one node specified in advance. That is, a time period can only be uniquely occupied by one node, and each time period can be pre-assigned to a node. Thus, when the control system powers up and runs, each node sends data in the time period pre-assigned to itself.
  • each communication macro period may include a random time period occupied by a node that successfully applies to occupy the random time period, except for the random time period, each Any other time period within the communication macrocycle can only be occupied by a pre-specified node. That is to say, a time period can only be uniquely occupied by one node, and each time period except the random time period can be pre-assigned to one node. Not only that, the random time period is not pre-assigned to a node, but is occupied by a node that successfully applies to occupy a random time period. In this way, after the control system is powered on, each node sends data in a time period other than the random time period that is pre-assigned to itself.
  • each node can also apply for occupying a random time period, if a node After successfully applying to occupy a random time period, the node sends data in this random time period.
  • the data sent by the node in the time period specified for the data to be sent by the node may be data that needs to be periodically sent and has high requirements on real-time performance, such as data closely related to measurement and control, including the control word. , status word, position, speed, torque, etc.
  • the data sent by the node in a random time period may be data generated under certain conditions and not required to be real-time, for example,
  • the settings of the management and parameter configuration such as IEEE1588 synchronization packets, application layer service packets, and other TCP/IP-based IT domain general messages.
  • the current communication macro period includes a random time period, the first node cannot occupy the random time period transmission data in the current communication macro period, and the current communication macro period does not include the time allocated to the first node. Segment, then this case is also considered to be the current communication macro cycle mentioned in S102 does not include the time period for the first node to send data.
  • the first node may send data at the same time or after the time period for sending data in the current communication macro period.
  • the second node is requested to occupy a random time period within the next communication macro period. If the second node is allowed to take a response to a random time period within the next communication macrocycle within the latter communication macrocycle, then the first node can transmit data during a random time period within the latter communication macrocycle.
  • the latter communication macrocycle includes a time period for the first node to transmit data, the first node can also transmit data during the time period during which it transmits data in the latter communication macrocycle.
  • the first node may set the field for the request in the data sent to the second node, where the content of the requested field is, for example, the priority of the data sent by the first node, and the second node may set the authorized field in the Sending (also broadcast) to the data of the first node, the content of the authorized field is, for example, the identifier of the first node, so that the first node and the second node not only send the data that needs to be sent, but also complete
  • the application and authorization work not only saves time, but also saves news resources.
  • the first node may also obtain the randomness in the current communication macro period sent by the third node in the previous communication macro period. Time period request. If the first node allows the third node to occupy a random time period within the current communication macro period, the first node may send a permission to occupy the current communication macro to the third node during the time period for which the data is transmitted within the current communication macro period. The response of a random time period within the period. In this way, the third node can transmit data during a random time period within the current communication macro period.
  • each node sends data in a time period that is pre-assigned to itself or through a random time period in which the application is authorized to be used, in order to ensure that each node can be sent on time for sending data by itself.
  • Data each node in the control system is best to adjust the local time frequently Clock, that is, the synchronization of the network clock is performed frequently.
  • One way to synchronize clocks is to use the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) or the IEEE 1588 protocol.
  • SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol
  • the present invention also provides another clock synchronization method.
  • the first node If the first node is not a clock source, before performing S102, the first node records the time when the first data arrives at the local time after receiving the first data sent by the clock source in a time period for the clock source to transmit data. Thereafter, the first node receives the second data sent by the clock source in another time period for the clock source to send data, and the second data includes the time when the clock source sends the first data. In this way, the first node can correct the local clock according to the time when the first data arrives at the local time, the time when the clock source sends the first data, and the line delay between the first node and the clock source.
  • the node of the above data sent by the first node recording point may record the time at which the data is received, and the time at which the first node uses the data to be transmitted, simultaneously or after executing S102.
  • the data sent by the segment may include the above moment recorded by the first node.
  • the node that receives the data sent by the first node twice before and after may be based on the time recorded by the first node, the time recorded when receiving the data sent by the first node, and the line delay between the first node and the first node. , correct the local clock.
  • the control device is generally used as a clock source. Of course, other nodes may also be used as a clock source.
  • the present invention does not limit this as long as it can ensure that clock synchronization is maintained between the nodes.
  • the first node in S101 and S102 may be a control device in the control system, or may be a measurement execution device in the control system.
  • the first node may be a numerical control device in a numerical control system or a servo drive in a numerical control system.
  • the present invention further provides an Ethernet node, as shown in FIG.
  • a cache unit 201 buffering data to be sent; a first determining unit 202, in a cache unit After buffering the data to be sent, determining whether the current communication macro cycle includes a time period for the Ethernet node to send data; the data processing unit 203, if the first determining unit 202 determines that the current communication macro cycle includes Ethernet node (specifically, data processing list)
  • the data processing unit 203 sends the data buffered by the buffer unit 201 during the time period in which the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) transmits data in the current communication macro period.
  • the data processing unit 203 determines that the current communication macro period does not include a time period for the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) to transmit data, the data processing unit 203 does not send the buffer unit in the current communication macro period. 201 cached data, wherein the other node does not send data for a period of time during which the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) transmits data in the current communication macro period; wherein, the duration of each communication macro period is Similarly, each communication macro cycle consists of multiple time periods of fixed length.
  • the data to be sent may refer to the data that the Ethernet node needs to forward in FIG. 2, or the data that needs to be sent by the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 itself.
  • the amount of data buffered by the cache unit 201 may be relatively large.
  • the data processing unit 203 may only send a part of the data in the cache during the time period for which the data is transmitted in the current communication macro period. The remaining data can be sent in one or more subsequent time periods for which it is transmitting data.
  • any time period can be occupied by only one node specified in advance. That is, a time period can only be uniquely occupied by one node, and each time period can be pre-assigned to a node.
  • each node sends data in the time period pre-assigned to itself.
  • each communication macro period may include a random time period occupied by a node that successfully applies to occupy the random time period, except for the random time period, each Any other time period within the communication macrocycle can only be occupied by a pre-specified node. That is to say, a time period can only be uniquely occupied by one node, and each time period except the random time period can be pre-assigned to one node. Not only that, the random time period is not pre-assigned to a node, but is occupied by a node that successfully applies to occupy a random time period. In this way, after the control system is powered on, each node sends data in a time period other than the random time period that is pre-assigned to itself.
  • each node can also apply for occupying a random time period, if a node After successfully applying to occupy a random time period, the node sends data in this random time period.
  • the data sent by the node in the time period specified for the data to be sent by the node may be data that needs to be periodically sent and has high requirements on real-time performance, such as data closely related to measurement and control, including the control word. , status word, position, speed, torque, etc.
  • the data sent by the node in the random time period may be data that is generated under certain conditions and has low requirements on real-time performance, for example, settings for device management and parameter configuration, specifically, for example, IEEE1588 synchronization message, application layer service.
  • the data processing unit 203 cannot occupy the random time period transmission data in the current communication macro period, and the current communication macro period does not include the designation shown in FIG.
  • the time period occupied by the node is also considered to be a case in which the first determining unit 202 determines that the current communication macro period does not include a time period for the Ethernet node to transmit data.
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may further include a requesting unit 204 for transmitting data in the data processing unit 203 for the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) shown in FIG. 2 in the current communication macro period. Simultaneously or after transmitting data in the time period, requesting the second Ethernet node to occupy a random time period in the next communication macro period; the first obtaining unit 205 is configured to: after the request unit 204 requests the second Ethernet node for occupation After a random time period within a communication macro period, obtaining, in the subsequent communication macro period, a response that the second Ethernet node is allowed to occupy a random time period within the subsequent communication macro period; if the first obtaining unit 205 is In the latter communication macro cycle, the second Ethernet node is allowed to occupy the response of the random time period in the next communication macro cycle, and then the data processing unit 203 can transmit data in the random time period in the latter communication macro cycle.
  • the data processing unit 203 can also be used in the next communication macro cycle.
  • the data is sent during the time period during which the data is sent.
  • the data processing unit 203 can set the field for the request in the data sent to the second Ethernet node, and the content of the requested field is, for example, the priority of the data transmitted by the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2, and second.
  • the Ethernet node can set the authorized field to be sent (also broadcast) to the data of the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2.
  • the content of the authorized field is, for example, the identifier of the Ethernet node shown in FIG.
  • Ethernet node and the second Ethernet node shown in Figure 2 not only send out the data that needs to be sent, but also complete the application and authorization work, which not only saves time, but also saves message resources.
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may further include: a second obtaining unit 206, configured to cache data to be sent in the cache unit 201.
  • the second determining unit 207 is configured to obtain the third Ethernet in the second obtaining unit 206, in the previous communication macro period, obtaining a request for the random time period in the current communication macro period sent by the third Ethernet node.
  • the data processing unit 203 may go to the third time period for the data to be transmitted within the current communication macro period.
  • the Ethernet node sends a response that allows for a random time period within the current communication macro period. In this way, the third Ethernet node can transmit data during a random time period within the current communication macro period.
  • each Ethernet node sends data in a time period that is pre-assigned to itself or through a random time period in which the application is authorized to be used, in order to ensure that each Ethernet node can use it to transmit data on time.
  • the data is sent in a time period, and each Ethernet node in the control system preferably adjusts the local clock frequently, that is, the network clock is frequently synchronized.
  • One way to synchronize clocks is to use the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) or the IEEE 1588 protocol.
  • SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol
  • the present invention also provides another clock synchronization method.
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may further include: a third obtaining unit 208, configured to receive before the data processing unit 203 sends the data buffered by the buffer unit 201.
  • the clock source is in a first data sent by the clock source for transmitting the data.
  • the first recording unit 209 is configured to: after the third obtaining unit 208 receives the first data sent by the clock source, record the first data to arrive at the local data. Moment.
  • the third obtaining unit 208 may further receive the second data that is sent by the clock source in another time period for the clock source to send the data, where the second data includes the time when the clock source sends the first data.
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may further include a clock correcting unit 210, configured to correct according to a time when the first data arrives at the local time, a time when the clock source sends the first data, and a line delay between the first node and the clock source.
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 is a clock source
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may further include: a second recording unit 211 for simultaneously or after the data processing unit 203 sends the data buffered by the buffer unit 201.
  • the time at which the data is transmitted during the time period in which the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) shown in FIG. 2 transmits data in the current communication macro cycle is received, and the Ethernet node shown in FIG.
  • the node of the data sent by the data processing unit 203 can record the time when the data is received, and the data processing unit 203 sends the data for the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) shown in FIG.
  • the above-mentioned time recorded by the second recording unit 211 may be included in the data transmitted in the time period.
  • the node that receives the data sent by the Ethernet node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) shown in FIG. 2 twice before and after can receive the Ethernet shown in FIG. 2 according to the time recorded by the second recording unit 211.
  • the network node (specifically, the data processing unit 203) records the time when the data is transmitted and the line delay with the first node, and corrects the local clock.
  • Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may be a control device in the control system or a measurement execution device in the control system.
  • the Ethernet node shown in FIG. 2 may be a control device in a numerical control system or a measurement execution device in a control system.
  • the present invention further provides a control system including: a control device and a plurality of measurement execution devices; the control device controls at least one measurement execution device, and Transmitting data at a time period within a communication macrocycle for transmitting data by the control device; the plurality of measurement execution devices being controlled by the control device, and each measurement execution device being in communication for transmitting data thereof Transmitting data in a time period in a macro cycle; wherein any one of the communication macro cycles can be occupied by only one of the control device and the plurality of measurement execution devices for the one device
  • the data is transmitted, and each communication macro cycle has the same duration, and each communication macro cycle is composed of a plurality of fixed time periods.
  • any time period can be occupied by only one device specified in advance. That is, a time period can only be uniquely occupied by one device, and each time period can be pre-assigned to a device. Thus, when the control system is powered on, each device sends data in a time period that is pre-assigned to itself.
  • each communication macro period may include a random time period, which is occupied by a device that successfully applies to occupy the random time period, except for the random time period.
  • any other time period in each communication macro cycle can only be occupied by one device specified in advance. That is to say, a time period can only be uniquely occupied by one device, and each time period except the random time period can be pre-assigned to one device. Not only that, the random time period is not pre-assigned to a certain device, but is occupied by a device that successfully applies to occupy a random time period. In this way, after the control system is powered on, each device sends data in a period other than the random time period that is pre-assigned to itself.
  • each device can also apply for occupying a random time period, if a device The successful application to occupy a random time period, then the device sends data in this random time period.
  • the data that the device sends in the time period specified for the data to be sent by the device may be data that needs to be periodically sent and has high requirements for real-time performance, such as data closely related to measurement and control, including control words. , status word, position, speed, torque, etc.
  • the data sent by the device in a random time period may be data that is generated under certain conditions and has low requirements on real-time performance, for example, settings for device management and parameter configuration, specifically, for example, IEEE1588 synchronization message, application layer service.
  • Each measurement execution device may request the control device to occupy a random time period within a subsequent communication macro cycle during a time period for which data is transmitted; the control device may be used for the next communication macro cycle
  • the measurement execution device may set the field for the request in the data sent to the control device, the content of the requested field is, for example, the priority of the measurement execution device to send the data, and the control device may set the authorized field to be sent (
  • the content of the authorization field is, for example, the identifier of the measurement execution device, so that the control device and the measurement execution device not only transmit the data that needs to be sent, but also complete the application and authorization. The work not only saves time, but also saves news resources.
  • the measurement execution device directly controlled by the control device may be referred to as a first-level measurement execution device, and each first-level measurement execution device directly controls at least one second-level measurement execution device; each second-level measurement execution device may A random time period within a communication macrocycle is occupied by a first-level measurement execution device that directly controls itself during a time period for which data is transmitted; each first-level measurement execution The device can select a second-level measurement execution device that allows a random time period within the next communication macro cycle to be occupied from the second-level measurement execution device directly controlled by the device, and can use the time period for the data to be transmitted thereto.
  • the control device requests to occupy a random time period within a subsequent communication macro cycle, the request including information for identifying the selected second-level measurement execution device; the control device may be used in the next communication macro cycle Transmitting, to a time period during which the data is transmitted, a first-level measurement execution device in the first-level measurement execution device that issues the request, transmitting a response allowing the random time period within the next communication macro cycle to be occupied; The first level measurement performs a second level measurement execution device selected by the execution device, and transmits a response allowing the random time period within the next communication macro period to be occupied.
  • the application and authorization may also have the participation of a third-level measurement execution device or more measurement execution devices. In other words, the application and authorization can be carried out at multiple levels.
  • each device sends data in a time period that is pre-assigned to itself or through a random time period in which the application is authorized to be used, in order to ensure that each device can be sent on time for transmitting data for itself.
  • each device in the control system can preferably adjust the local clock frequently, that is, the network clock is frequently synchronized.
  • One way to synchronize clocks is to use Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP, Simple Network).
  • the present invention also provides another way of clock synchronization.
  • control device may record the time at which the first data is transmitted at the same time as or after the first data is transmitted; the measurement executing device receiving the first data may record the time when the first data arrives at the local; the control device is The second data sent by the time period for which the data is transmitted may include the time when the first data is sent; after the measurement execution device receiving the first data receives the second data, the first data may be sent according to the control device.
  • the local clock is corrected by the time, the time when the first data arrives at the local time, and the line delay between the local and the control device.
  • the control device is generally used as a clock source.
  • a measurement execution device can also be used as a clock source. The present invention is not limited thereto as long as the clock synchronization between the devices can be ensured.
  • control system is, for example, a numerical control system
  • control device is, for example, a numerical control device in a numerical control system
  • measurement execution device is, for example, a servo drive in a numerical control system.
  • FIG. 3 shows a topological structure such as a star, a daisy chain, and a ring for the Ethernet port of the present invention.
  • the first preferred embodiment uses a star structure.
  • the local area network is composed of one numerical control device, three servo drives, and one industrial switch.
  • the clock synchronization uses the IEEE1588 precision clock protocol to set the numerical control device as the main clock (ie, the clock source), the servo driver is the slave clock, and the master clock and the slave clock are synchronized.
  • the main clock ie, the clock source
  • the servo driver is the slave clock
  • the master clock and the slave clock are synchronized.
  • the line delay measurement method is as follows:
  • the servo driver sends a Delay-Req message, and records the Delay-Req message transmission time Ts n+ corpse 1360000 ns;
  • the numerical control device receives the Delay-Req message, records the arrival time of the Delay-Req message Td n+ corpse 1060500 ns, and carries the time stamp (arrival time Td n+1 ) in the Delay-Rsp message to the servo driver;
  • the servo drive After the servo drive receives the Delay-Rsp message, it calculates the line delay using the following formula:
  • the CNC device periodically sends a SYNC message and receives the servo drive of the SYNC message.
  • the actuator synchronizes with the numerical control device that sent the SYNC message.
  • the numerical control device and each servo drive maintain a relative clock, and each servo driver periodically synchronizes with the numerical control device and corrects the local clock.
  • the synchronization deviation calculation method is as follows:
  • the drive uses the following formula to calculate the synchronization deviation:
  • Offset n Td n+2 - Ts n+2 - Delay n
  • the communication macro period includes a random time period.
  • the cycle time shown in Figure 5 refers to the time specified in advance to the device.
  • the cycle time includes multiple time slots (ie, time segments), each of which is pre-assigned to a device.
  • the aperiodic time shown in Fig. 5 is the above-mentioned random time period.
  • the numerical control device and the servo driver 1 transmit data in respective time slots in each communication macro cycle (for example, data that needs to be periodically transmitted, simply referred to as cycle data).
  • the servo driver 2 (referred to as servo 2 in FIG. 6) and the servo driver 3 (referred to as servo 3 in FIG. 6) multiplex the same time slot and alternately transmit data (for example, data that needs to be periodically transmitted, simply referred to as periodic data).
  • the servo driver 1 applies for transmitting data that can be transmitted aperiodically (referred to as aperiodic data for short) in the request field in the cycle data of the communication macro cycle a.
  • the numerical control device passes the authorization field in the cycle data in the communication macro cycle b, indicating that the servo driver 1 is in the communication macro cycle b Acyclic data is sent at a non-cyclical time. After the servo driver 1 is authorized, acyclic data is transmitted during the aperiodic time of the communication macro cycle b.
  • the application and authorization fields are embedded in the structure of the periodic data, and these two fields can be maintained by the communication scheduling management sublayer located at the data link layer.
  • the application field is maintained by each servo drive, and the communication scheduling management sublayer in the servo drive writes the highest priority in the aperiodic data queue of the local device to the application field.
  • the authorization field is maintained by the numerical control device, ie only the authorization field in the cycle data sent by the numerical control device is meaningful.
  • the communication scheduling management sub-layer in the numerical control device processes the application field sent by each servo driver, and authorizes one of the servo drivers to transmit the aperiodic data by specifying the servo driver bit number.
  • the priority scheduling strategy is adopted, that is, the numerical control device determines which servo driver occupies the aperiodic time according to the priority of the aperiodic data that each servo driver needs to transmit. . It is assumed that in a communication macro cycle, the servo driver 1 (referred to as servo 1 in FIG.
  • the communication scheduling management can be implemented in the form of event triggering, and the communication scheduling management is for one device.
  • the specific process is as follows: S901: Communication scheduling is enabled;
  • the communication scheduling management sublayer inserts the cycle time start event as the first event into the timed event list, and waits;
  • S904 When the time of sending the periodic data arrives, responding to the periodic data sending event, sending the data in the network card storage area, inserting the aperiodic time start event into the timed event list, and waiting;
  • S905 When the acyclic time starts, responding to the aperiodic time start event;
  • S906 Query whether the device is authorized to send aperiodic data. If authorized, go to S907, if not authorized, go to S902;
  • S907 Query whether the aperiodic data queue is empty, if not, then go to S908, otherwise, go to S902;
  • S908 Determine whether the aperiodic time is sufficient according to the length of the highest priority data in the aperiodic data queue. If the aperiodic time is sufficient to send the aperiodic data, then go to S909; if the aperiodic time is not enough to send the aperiodic data, then go to S902;
  • S909 Send aperiodic data, and then go to S902.
  • the numerical control device and each servo drive can process the received data while in the waiting state.
  • Receive data can be interrupted or queried.
  • the interrupt mode is used.
  • the network card generates an interrupt, and enters the network card interrupt processing program
  • S1002 Check whether there is data in the NIC storage area. If yes, go to S1003. Otherwise, go to S1010.
  • S1003 Take the data into the memory and judge the data type. If it is periodic data, go to S1004, if it is non-periodic data, go to S1006;
  • S1004 For the servo drive, go to S1005; For the numerical control device, take out the contents of the application field, perform periodic scheduling management, and transfer to S1005. Specifically, if the priority of the current record is Oxff, and the priority in the application field is not Oxff, the priority in the application field is recorded, and the bit number of the servo drive is recorded; if the priority of the current record is not Oxff, Comparing the priority in the application lot with the priority of the current record. If the priority in the application field is higher, the priority in the application field is recorded, and the bit number of the servo drive is recorded;
  • S1006 Determine the type of the packet carrying the data, if it is an aperiodic service message defined by the application layer, go to S1007; if it is IEEE1588 synchronization, go to S1008; if it is a protocol defined by other protocols, for example TCP/IP or other real-time Ethernet technology definitions, then go to S1009; S1007: The "3 ⁇ 4 text" is delivered to the function block of the application layer protocol, and is transferred to S1010;
  • S1008 Deliver the text to the function block processing of the IEEE1588 protocol, and transfer to S1010;
  • S1009 The "3 ⁇ 4 text is delivered to the relevant protocol stack for processing, and is transferred to S1010;
  • the second preferred embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the topology of the Ethernet port used in the second preferred embodiment is a daisy-chain structure, and clock synchronization is carried by the time-stamped data.
  • the communication macro cycle does not include a random time period.
  • the numerical control system includes one numerical control device and four servo drives (referred to as servo in FIG. 11 for short).
  • the signal has a propagation delay of 5.5 ns/m on the twisted pair and a delay of 300 ns per device.
  • the line delay between each servo driver and the numerical control device is the sum of the line transmission delay and the device delay.
  • the clock synchronization uses the timestamp to be carried in the transmitted data.
  • the cycle data transmitted by the numerical control device includes the time of the last transmission cycle data recorded.
  • the numerical control device transmits cycle data in the communication macro cycle a, and records the time Ts n at which the data is transmitted, and at the communication macro cycle b, the time Ts n at which the data is transmitted is carried in the transmitted data.
  • the servo driver 4 (referred to as "Wei Yueliang 4" in Fig. 12) receives the cycle data transmitted from the numerical control device in the communication macro cycle a, and records the arrival time Td n of the data. After the servo driver 4 receives the data carrying the time Ts n of the transmitted data, the following formula is used to calculate the clock synchronization deviation:
  • the communication macrocycle only includes the cycle time, excluding the acyclic time.
  • each device periodically transmits data in a specified time slot.
  • the transmitted data can include synchronous data, real-time data, and non-real-time data.
  • the communication macro cycle does not include the acyclic time
  • the cycle time start event is inserted into the timed event list.
  • each device After receiving the periodic packet, each device extracts data from the periodic packet and selects the corresponding processing mode according to the data category.
  • the synchronous data is information for clock synchronization
  • the real-time data generally refers to data related to the control and has high requirements for real-time performance, and this part of the data is handed over to the corresponding function block for processing.
  • Non-real-time data includes data of application layer services that are not required for real-time performance, TCP/IP protocol, and other protocol data.
  • the length of the non-real-time data area in the periodic data is less than the length of the data to be transmitted, it can be used multiple times.
  • the transmission method for example, splits the data in the non-real-time data area, and the receiver can reassemble the non-real-time data received successively and deliver the relevant protocol processing.
  • each node in the control system transmits data during the time period for which data is transmitted, thus solving the problem of sending data conflicts caused by multiple nodes transmitting data at the same time.
  • the problem and also ensures that each node can send data at a certain time, solving the problem that the node that needs to send data cannot send data for a long time.
  • the process of occupying the random time period and the authorization occupying the random time period can be completed by sending the data by the node, the time occupied by the application and the authorization can be saved, and the message resource can be saved.
  • Ethernet node for the Ethernet node provided by the present invention, many of the units included therein are virtual units, that is, implemented by a combination of statements or statements of a computer language. In practical applications, the functions implemented by the combination of different statements may be different. In this case, the division of virtual units may also be different. That is to say, the present invention only provides a division manner of a virtual unit. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can use different virtual unit division manners according to actual needs, as long as the invention can be implemented. The functionality of the Ethernet node is sufficient.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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Description

基于以太网的发送数据的方法、 以太网节点及控制系统
本申请要求于 2009 年 4 月 15 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910130848.5、 发明名称为"基于以太网的发送数据的方法、 以太网节点及 控制系统"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及数控技术, 尤其涉及基于以太网的发送数据的技术。 背景技术
随着以太网技术的飞速发展 ,越来越多的通信系统都釆用以太网这种通信 方式。 以太网安装量大, 技术成熟, 价格低廉, 通信速度较其它的传统的串行 通信方式具有较大的优势。 目前, 有些控制系统内部也釆用以太网这种通信方式, 例如, 有些数控系 统内部就釆用以太网这种通信方式。控制系统包括至少一个控制设备和至少一 个测量执行设备, 一个控制设备控制至少一个测量执行设备。
在实际应用中, 以太网多釆用载波监听多路访问 (CSMA, Carrier Sense Multiple Access ) /冲突检测 ( CD , Collision Detection )机制进行数据的发送。 具体的,控制系统内部的各个节点(包括控制设备和测量执行设备)监听信道, 只有当信道空闲时, 需要发送数据的节点才可以发送数据。
但是, 如果多个节点同时发送数据, 那么就有可能发生发送数据冲突 ( Collision )的现象, 进而导致某些节点或所有的需要发送数据的节点发送数 据失败。
对于上述因冲突而产生的问题, 现有的一种解决方法是, 需要发送数据的 节点一旦发现数据发送冲突的现象, 就釆用退避方法, 即, 延迟一段时间后再 尝试发送数据。
然而,发明人在仔细研究上述的解决方法后发现, 当需要发送数据的节点 在延迟一段时间后再次尝试发送数据时, 可能还会发生发送数据冲突的现象, 这样, 需要发送数据的节点还需要再次延迟一段时间后, 才能再次尝试发送数 据。如果这种现象一直持续下去的话, 那么需要发送数据的节点就会在相当长 的时间内无法发送数据,甚至可能不能确定会在什么时间才能发送数据。所以, 现有的退避方法不能从根本上解决发送数据冲突的问题。 发明内容
本发明提供基于以太网的发送数据的方法、 以太网节点及控制系统, 用以 从根本上解决发送数据冲突的问题。
一种基于以太网的发送数据的方法, 应用于包括多个节点的控制系统中, 所述发送数据的方法包括: 第一节点緩存需要发送的数据; 如果当前通信宏周 期包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,则第一节点在当前通信宏周期内的用 于第一节点发送数据的时间段,发送緩存的数据, 如果当前通信宏周期不包括 用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,则第一节点不在当前通信宏周期内发送緩存 的数据, 其中, 其他节点不在当前通信宏周期内的用于第一节点发送数据的时 间段发送数据,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同,每个通信宏周期由多个长度固 定的时间段组成。 一种以太网节点,应用于包括多个以太网节点的控制系统中, 所述以太网 节点包括: 緩存单元, 緩存需要发送的数据; 第一判断单元, 在緩存单元緩存 需要发送的数据后 ,判断当前通信宏周期是否包括用于所述以太网节点发送数 据的时间段; 数据处理单元,如果第一判断单元判断出当前通信宏周期包括用 于所述以太网节点发送数据的时间段,则数据处理单元在当前通信宏周期内的 用于所述以太网节点发送数据的时间段,发送緩存单元緩存的数据,如果第一 判断单元判断出当前通信宏周期不包括用于以太网节点发送数据的时间段,则 数据处理单元不在当前通信宏周期内发送緩存单元緩存的数据, 其中, 其他节 其中,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同,每个通信宏周期由多个长度固定的时间 段组成。
一种控制系统, 包括, 控制设备及多个测量执行设备; 所述控制设备, 控 制至少一个测量执行设备,并且在用于所述控制设备发送数据的通信宏周期内 的时间段发送数据; 所述多个测量执行设备, 受所述控制设备控制, 并且每个 测量执行设备都在用于其发送数据的通信宏周期内的时间段发送数据; 其中, 任意一个通信宏周期内的任意一个时间段只能被所述控制设备和所述多个测 量执行设备中的一个设备占用, 并且, 每个通信宏周期的时长都相同, 每个通 信宏周期由多个长度固定的时间段组成。 在本发明中,控制系统中的每个节点都在用于其发送数据的时间段发送数 据,这样就解决了因多个节点在同一时间发送数据而引发的发送数据冲突的问 题, 并且, 还能保证每个节点都能在确定的时间将数据发送出去, 解决了需要 发送数据的节点在相当长的时间内无法发送数据的问题。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的一种基于以太网的发送数据的方法的流程图;
图 2为本发明的一种以太网节点的逻辑结构示意图; 图 3为本发明的以太网釆用的几种拓朴结构的示意图; 图 4为本发明的基于 IEEE1588精确时钟协议的时钟同步过程示意图; 图 5为本发明的通信宏周期的一种设置方式示意图; 图 6为本发明的基于图 5所示的通信宏周期的数据发送方式示意图; 图 7为本发明的周期数据的一种结构示意图; 图 8为本发明的一种申请、 授权过程示意图; 图 9为本发明的一个设备进行通信调度管理的流程图; 图 10为本发明的一个设备处理数据的流程图; 图 11为本发明的以太网釆用的菊花链结构的示意图;
图 12为本发明的一种时钟同步过程示意图;
图 13为本发明的通信宏周期的另一种设置方式示意图; 图 14为本发明的基于图 13所示的通信宏周期的数据发送方式示意图。 具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。 首先需要说明的是,本发明的所有实施例都可以应用在基于以太网的控制 系统中。 控制系统可以包括多个节点, 其中, 至少有一个节点是具有控制其他节点 工作的控制设备, 至少有一个节点是受控制设备控制的测量执行设备, 测量执 行设备的主要功能是测量和执行。 例如, 控制系统可以是数控系统, 数控系统 包括至少一个数控设备和至少一个受数控设备控制的伺服驱动器。 以太网可以是由控制系统中的各个节点、网桥和交换机等设备组成的局域 网。 以太网可以釆用星形、 菊花链形、 环形等拓朴结构, 当然, 也可以釆用这 些拓朴结构混合后的结构。 下面所有的实施例中提到的通信宏周期是指,由多个长度固定的时间段组 成的周期,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同。一个通信宏周期内的各个时间段的 长度可以根据时间段对应的节点的性能来设置, 这种情况下,一个通信宏周期 内的所有时间段的长度有可能相同,也可能只有一部分时间段的长度相同,还 可能是所有时间段的长度完全不相同。 一般来说,任意一个时间段只允许一个 节点占用, 以用来发送数据。 在本发明中, 每个通信宏周期的设置方式至少有两种。 其中的一种方式为,每个通信宏周期内的每个时间段都预先指定给一个节 点, 即, 每个时间段都预先对应一个节点, 这样, 对于每个时间段, 都会有一 个预先指定的节点来占用, 以用于节点发送数据。 在具体实现时, 每个通信宏 周期内的相同时间段可以指定给同一个节点, 这样, 这个节点就在每个通信宏 周期内的这个相同时间段发送数据。例如,将每个通信宏周期内的第一个时间 段指定给具有控制其他节点工作的控制设备, 这样,控制设备就在每个通信宏 周期内的第一个时间段发送数据。 另外, 不同通信宏周期内的相同时间段可以 指定给不同的节点, 也就是说, 几个节点复用同一个时间段。 例如, 将第 n ( n 是正整数)个通信宏周期的第一个时间段指定给控制设备,将第 n+1个通信宏 周期的第一个时间段指定给控制系统中的测量执行设备 1 , 这样, 控制设备和 测量执行设备 1交替占用第一个时间段。 通信宏周期的第二种设置方式为,每个通信宏周期内除包括至少一个预先 指定给节点的时间段外,还包括一个随机时间段, 这个随机时间段并不预先指 定给某个节点占用, 而是在各个节点依据各自的时间段发送数据的过程中,通 过一定的策略来指定由哪个节点占用。 例如, 4叚设通信宏周期除包括预先指定 给节点的第一个时间段、 第二个时间段和第三个时间段外,还包括一个随机时 间段, 第一个时间段、第二个时间段和第三个时间段分别可以由预先指定的节 点占用, 而随机时间段只能由获得授权占用随机时间段的节点来占用。在实际 应用中,一个节点可能会连续多次获得授权占用不同的通信宏周期内的随机时 间段。 当然, 不同的通信宏周期内的随机时间段也可能由不同的节点获得授权 后占用。 另外, 一般来说, 不同的通信宏周期内的随机时间段的长度都是相同 的。 当然, 通信宏周期的设置方式还可能是其他方式, 在具体实现时, 可以由 本领域技术人员根据实际需要而灵活设置。由于下面的所有实施例中的通信宏 周期主要使用了上述两种设置方式,所以这里不再对通信宏周期的设置方式一 一举例说明。 下面对本发明的一种基于以太网的发送数据的方法进行说明。 如图 1 所 示, 包括:
S101 : 第一节点緩存需要发送的数据; S102: 如果当前通信宏周期包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,则第一 节点在当前通信宏周期内的用于第一节点发送数据的时间段发送緩存的数据 , 如果当前通信宏周期不包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,则第一节点不在 当前通信宏周期内发送緩存的数据, 其中, 其他节点不在当前通信宏周期内的 用于第一节点发送数据的时间段发送数据,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同,每 个通信宏周期由多个长度固定的时间段组成。 具体的, 需要发送的数据可以是指第一节点需要转发的数据,也可以是指 第一节点自己产生的需要发送出去的数据。 第一节点緩存需要发送的数据后,可以判断当前通信宏周期是否包括用于 第一节点发送数据的时间段。 如果发现当前通信宏周期包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,那么第一 节点就可以在当前通信宏周期内的用于第一节点发送数据的时间段 ,发送緩存 的数据。 在实际应用中, 緩存的数据量有时会比较大, 这种情况下, 第一节点 在当前通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段可以只发送緩存中的一部分 数据 ,剩余的数据可以在后续的一个或多个用于第一节点发送数据的时间段发 送。
如果当前通信宏周期不包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,那么第一节 点就不在当前通信宏周期内发送緩存的数据。 前面提到过,任意一个时间段可以只由预先指定的一个节点占用。也就是 说, 一个时间段只能由一个节点唯一占用, 并且每个时间段都可以预先指定给 一个节点。 这样, 当控制系统上电开始运行后, 每个节点都在预先指定给自己 的时间段发送数据。
前面也提到过,每个通信宏周期都可以包括一个随机时间段, 所述随机时 间段由成功申请到占用所述随机时间段的一个节点占用, 除所述随机时间段 夕卜, 每个通信宏周期内的其他任意一个时间段只能由预先指定的一个节点占 用。 也就是说, 一个时间段只能由一个节点唯一占用, 除随机时间段之外的每 个时间段都可以预先指定给一个节点。 不但如此, 随机时间段并不预先指定给 某个节点占用, 而是由成功申请到占用随机时间段的一个节点占用。 这样, 当 控制系统上电开始运行后,每个节点都在预先指定给自己的除随机时间段之外 的时间段发送数据, 此外, 每个节点还可以申请占用随机时间段, 如果某个节 点成功申请到占用某个随机时间段,那么这个节点就在这个随机时间段发送数 据。 需要说明的是,节点在预先指定的用于其发送数据的时间段发送的数据可 以是需要周期性发送且对实时性要求较高的数据, 例如与测量、控制密切相关 的数据, 包括控制字、 状态字、 位置、 速度、 扭矩等。 节点在随机时间段发送 的数据可以是在特定条件下产生的、 对实时性要求不高的数据, 例如, 用于设 备管理和参数配置的设置, 具体的, 例如 IEEE1588同步报文、 应用层服务报 文和其他基于 TCP/IP的 IT领域通用报文等。 还需要说明的是, 如果当前通信宏周期内包括随机时间段, 第一节点不能 占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段发送数据,并且当前通信宏周期内不包括 指定给第一节点占用的时间段, 那么这种情况也算是 S102中提到的当前通信 宏周期不包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段。
请再参见 S101和 S102,如果第一节点需要向第二节点请求申请占用随机 时间段,那么第一节点在当前通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段发送数 据的同时或之后, 可以向第二节点请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间 段。如果在后一个通信宏周期内获得第二节点允许占用后一个通信宏周期内的 随机时间段的响应,那么第一节点就可以在后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段 发送数据。当然,如果后一个通信宏周期包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段, 那么第一节点还可以在后一个通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段发送 数据。优选的, 第一节点可以将用于请求的字段设置在发送给第二节点的数据 中,请求的字段的内容例如是第一节点发送数据的优先级, 第二节点可以将授 权的字段设置在发送(也可以是广播)给第一节点的数据中, 授权的字段的内 容例如是第一节点的标识, 这样, 第一节点和第二节点不但将需要发送的数据 发送出去了, 还完成了申请、 授权的工作, 不但节省了时间, 还节省了消息资 源。
如果第一节点是授权其他节点占用随机时间段的节点,那么第一节点緩存 需要发送的数据之前,还可以在前一个通信宏周期内, 获得第三节点发送的占 用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段的请求。如果第一节点允许第三节点占用当 前通信宏周期内的随机时间段,那么第一节点可以在当前通信宏周期内的用于 其发送数据的时间段,向第三节点发送允许占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间 段的响应。这样,第三节点就可以在当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段发送数据。 在本发明中 ,每个节点都要在预先指定给自己的时间段或通过申请获得授 权占用的随机时间段发送数据,为保证每个节点都能准时的在用于自己发送数 据的时间段发送数据, 控制系统中的各个节点最好都能经常性的调整本地时 钟, 即经常性的进行网络时钟的同步。 时钟同步的一种方式为, 釆用简单网络时间协议(SNTP, Simple Network Time Protocol )或 IEEE1588协议。 此外, 本发明还提供了另外一种时钟同步 方式。
请再参见 S101和 S102。 如果第一节点不是时钟源, 那么在执行 S102之 前,第一节点在收到时钟源在一个用于时钟源发送数据的时间段发送的第一数 据后, 记录第一数据到达本地的时刻。 之后, 第一节点会收到时钟源在另一个 用于时钟源发送数据的时间段发送的第二数据,第二数据中包括时钟源发送第 一数据的时刻。 这样, 第一节点就可以根据第一数据到达本地的时刻、 时钟源 发送第一数据的时刻及第一节点与时钟源之间的线路延时, 校正本地时钟。 如果第一节点是时钟源, 那么在执行 S102的同时或之后, 第一节点记录 点发送的上述数据的节点可以记录收到上述数据的时刻,第一节点在后一个用 于其发送数据的时间段发送的数据中可以包括第一节点记录的上述时刻。 这 样,前后两次收到第一节点发送的数据的节点就可以根据上述第一节点记录的 时刻、上述收到第一节点发送的数据时记录的时刻和与第一节点之间的线路延 时, 校正本地时钟。 在具体实现时, 一般将控制设备作为时钟源, 当然, 也可以将其他节点作 为时钟源。 本发明对此不作限定, 只要能够保证各个节点之间保持时钟同步即 可。 需要说明的是, S101和 S102中的第一节点可以是控制系统中的控制设备, 也可以是控制系统中的测量执行设备。 例如, 第一节点可以是数控系统中的数 控设备, 也可以是数控系统中的伺服驱动器。 对应于上述的基于以太网的发送数据的方法,本发明还提供一种以太网节 点, 如图 2所示, 包括: 緩存单元 201 , 緩存需要发送的数据; 第一判断单元 202, 在緩存单元 201緩存需要发送的数据后, 判断当前通信宏周期是否包括 用于所述以太网节点发送数据的时间段; 数据处理单元 203 , 如果第一判断单 元 202判断出当前通信宏周期包括用于所述以太网节点(具体是指数据处理单 元 203 )发送数据的时间段, 则数据处理单元 203在当前通信宏周期内的用于 所述以太网节点(具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送数据的时间段发送緩存单 元 201緩存的数据,如果第一判断单元 202判断出当前通信宏周期不包括用于 所述以太网节点(具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送数据的时间段, 则数据处 理单元 203不在当前通信宏周期内发送緩存单元 201緩存的数据, 其中, 其他 节点不在当前通信宏周期内的用于所述以太网节点 (具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送数据的时间段发送数据; 其中, 每个通信宏周期的时长都相同, 每 个通信宏周期由多个长度固定的时间段组成。
具体的, 需要发送的数据可以是指图 2 所示的以太网节点需要转发的数 据, 也可以是指图 2所示的以太网节点自己产生的需要发送出去的数据。 在实际应用中, 緩存单元 201緩存的数据量有时会比较大, 这种情况下, 数据处理单元 203 在当前通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段可以只发 送緩存中的一部分数据,剩余的数据可以在后续的一个或多个用于其发送数据 的时间段发送。 前面提到过,任意一个时间段可以只由预先指定的一个节点占用。也就是 说, 一个时间段只能由一个节点唯一占用, 并且每个时间段都可以预先指定给 一个节点。 这样, 当控制系统上电开始运行后, 每个节点都在预先指定给自己 的时间段发送数据。
前面也提到过,每个通信宏周期都可以包括一个随机时间段, 所述随机时 间段由成功申请到占用所述随机时间段的一个节点占用, 除所述随机时间段 夕卜, 每个通信宏周期内的其他任意一个时间段只能由预先指定的一个节点占 用。 也就是说, 一个时间段只能由一个节点唯一占用, 除随机时间段之外的每 个时间段都可以预先指定给一个节点。 不但如此, 随机时间段并不预先指定给 某个节点占用, 而是由成功申请到占用随机时间段的一个节点占用。 这样, 当 控制系统上电开始运行后,每个节点都在预先指定给自己的除随机时间段之外 的时间段发送数据, 此外, 每个节点还可以申请占用随机时间段, 如果某个节 点成功申请到占用某个随机时间段,那么这个节点就在这个随机时间段发送数 据。 需要说明的是,节点在预先指定的用于其发送数据的时间段发送的数据可 以是需要周期性发送且对实时性要求较高的数据, 例如与测量、控制密切相关 的数据, 包括控制字、 状态字、 位置、 速度、 扭矩等。 节点在随机时间段发送 的数据可以是在特定条件下产生的、 对实时性要求不高的数据, 例如, 用于设 备管理和参数配置的设置, 具体的, 例如 IEEE1588同步报文、 应用层服务报 文和其他基于 TCP/IP的 IT领域通用报文等。 还需要说明的是, 如果当前通信宏周期内包括随机时间段,数据处理单元 203不能占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段发送数据, 并且当前通信宏周期 内不包括指定给图 2所示的节点 (具体是指数据处理单元 203 )占用的时间段, 那么这种情况也算是第一判断单元 202 判断出当前通信宏周期不包括用于以 太网节点发送数据的时间段中的一种情况。
图 2所示的以太网节点还可以包括请求单元 204 ,用于在数据处理单元 203 在当前通信宏周期内的用于图 2 所示的以太网节点 (具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送数据的时间段发送数据的同时或之后, 向第二以太网节点请求占用 后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段; 第一获得单元 205 , 用于在请求单元 204 向第二以太网节点请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段之后 ,在所述后 一个通信宏周期内获得第二以太网节点允许占用所述后一个通信宏周期内的 随机时间段的响应;如果第一获得单元 205在后一个通信宏周期内获得第二以 太网节点允许占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应,那么数据处理单 元 203就可以在后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段发送数据。 当然,如果后一 个通信宏周期包括用于图 2所示的以太网节点 (具体是指数据处理单元 203 ) 发送数据的时间段,那么数据处理单元 203还可以在后一个通信宏周期内的用 于其发送数据的时间段发送数据。优选的,数据处理单元 203可以将用于请求 的字段设置在发送给第二以太网节点的数据中, 请求的字段的内容例如是图 2 所示的以太网节点发送数据的优先级,第二以太网节点可以将授权的字段设置 在发送(也可以是广播)给图 2所示的以太网节点的数据中, 授权的字段的内 容例如是图 2所示的以太网节点的标识, 这样, 图 2所示的以太网节点和第二 以太网节点不但将需要发送的数据发送出去了, 还完成了申请、 授权的工作, 不但节省了时间, 还节省了消息资源。 如果图 2所示的以太网节点是授权其他节点占用随机时间段的节点,那么 图 2所示的以太网节点还可以包括: 第二获得单元 206 , 用于在緩存单元 201 緩存需要发送的数据之前,在前一个通信宏周期内, 获得第三以太网节点发送 的占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段的请求; 第二判断单元 207 , 用于在第 二获得单元 206 获得第三以太网节点发送的占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时 间段的请求后,判断是否允许第三以太网节点占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时 间段。如果第二判断单元 207判断出允许第三以太网节点占用当前通信宏周期 内的随机时间段,那么数据处理单元 203可以在当前通信宏周期内的用于其发 送数据的时间段,向第三以太网节点发送允许占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时 间段的响应。这样, 第三以太网节点就可以在当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段 发送数据。 在本发明中,每个以太网节点都要在预先指定给自己的时间段或通过申请 获得授权占用的随机时间段发送数据,为保证每个以太网节点都能准时的在用 于自己发送数据的时间段发送数据,控制系统中的各个以太网节点最好都能经 常性的调整本地时钟, 即经常性的进行网络时钟的同步。 时钟同步的一种方式为, 釆用简单网络时间协议(SNTP, Simple Network Time Protocol )或 IEEE1588协议。 此外, 本发明还提供了另外一种时钟同步 方式。
请继续参见图 2。 如果图 2所示的以太网节点不是时钟源, 那么图 2所示 的以太网节点还可以包括: 第三获得单元 208, 用于在数据处理单元 203发送 緩存单元 201緩存的数据之前,收到时钟源在一个用于时钟源发送数据的时间 段发送的第一数据; 第一记录单元 209 , 用于在第三获得单元 208收到时钟源 发送的第一数据后,记录第一数据到达本地的时刻。 第三获得单元 208收到第 一数据后,还可以收到时钟源在另一个用于时钟源发送数据的时间段发送的第 二数据, 第二数据中包括时钟源发送第一数据的时刻。 图 2所示的以太网节点 还可以包括时钟校正单元 210, 用于根据第一数据到达本地的时刻、 时钟源发 送第一数据的时刻及第一节点与时钟源之间的线路延时,校正图 2所示的以太 网节点的时钟。 如果图 2所示的以太网节点是时钟源,那么图 2所示的以太网节点还可以 包括: 第二记录单元 211 , 用于在数据处理单元 203发送緩存单元 201緩存的 数据的同时或之后, 记录在当前通信宏周期内的用于图 2 所示的以太网节点 (具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送数据的时间段发送数据的时刻, 收到图 2 所示的以太网节点(具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送的上述数据的节点可以 记录收到上述数据的时刻,数据处理单元 203在后一个用于图 2所示的以太网 节点 (具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送数据的时间段发送的数据中可以包括 第二记录单元 211记录的上述时刻。 这样, 前后两次收到图 2所示的以太网节 点(具体是指数据处理单元 203 )发送的数据的节点就可以根据第二记录单元 211记录的时刻、上述收到图 2所示的以太网节点(具体是指数据处理单元 203 ) 发送的数据时记录的时刻和与第一节点之间的线路延时, 校正本地时钟。 需要说明是, 图 2所示的以太网节点可以是控制系统中的控制设备,也可 以是控制系统中的测量执行设备。例如, 图 2所示的以太网节点可以是数控系 统中的控制设备, 也可以是控制系统中的测量执行设备。
除上述的基于以太网的发送数据的方法及以太网节点外,本发明还提供一 种控制系统, 包括, 控制设备及多个测量执行设备; 所述控制设备, 控制至少 一个测量执行设备,并且在用于所述控制设备发送数据的通信宏周期内的时间 段发送数据; 所述多个测量执行设备, 受所述控制设备控制, 并且每个测量执 行设备都在用于其发送数据的通信宏周期内的时间段发送数据; 其中,任意一 个通信宏周期内的任意一个时间段只能被所述控制设备和所述多个测量执行 设备中的一个设备占用, 以用于所述一个设备发送数据, 并且, 每个通信宏周 期的时长都相同, 每个通信宏周期由多个长度固定的时间段组成。 前面提到过,任意一个时间段可以只由预先指定的一个设备占用。也就是 说, 一个时间段只能由一个设备唯一占用, 并且每个时间段都可以预先指定给 一个设备。 这样, 当控制系统上电开始运行后, 每个设备都在预先指定给自己 的时间段发送数据。
前面也提到过,每个通信宏周期都可以包括一个随机时间段, 所述随机时 间段由成功申请到占用所述随机时间段的一个设备占用, 除所述随机时间段 外, 每个通信宏周期内的其他任意一个时间段只能由预先指定的一个设备占 用。 也就是说, 一个时间段只能由一个设备唯一占用, 除随机时间段之外的每 个时间段都可以预先指定给一个设备。 不但如此, 随机时间段并不预先指定给 某个设备占用, 而是由成功申请到占用随机时间段的一个设备占用。 这样, 当 控制系统上电开始运行后,每个设备都在预先指定给自己的除随机时间段之外 的时间段发送数据, 此外, 每个设备还可以申请占用随机时间段, 如果某个设 备成功申请到占用某个随机时间段,那么这个设备就在这个随机时间段发送数 据。 需要说明的是,设备在预先指定的用于其发送数据的时间段发送的数据可 以是需要周期性发送且对实时性要求较高的数据, 例如与测量、控制密切相关 的数据, 包括控制字、 状态字、 位置、 速度、 扭矩等。 设备在随机时间段发送 的数据可以是在特定条件下产生的、 对实时性要求不高的数据, 例如, 用于设 备管理和参数配置的设置, 具体的, 例如 IEEE1588同步报文、 应用层服务报 文和其他基于 TCP/IP的 IT领域通用报文等。 每个测量执行设备都可以在用于其发送数据的时间段向所述控制设备请 求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段;所述控制设备可以在后一个通信宏 周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段,向所有发出所述请求的测量执行设备中的 一个测量执行设备, 发送允许占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应。 优选的, 测量执行设备可以将用于请求的字段设置在发送给控制设备的数据 中,请求的字段的内容例如是测量执行设备发送数据的优先级,控制设备可以 将授权的字段设置在发送(也可以是广播)给测量执行设备的数据中, 授权的 字段的内容例如是测量执行设备的标识, 这样,控制设备和测量执行设备不但 将需要发送的数据发送出去了,还完成了申请、授权的工作,不但节省了时间, 还节省了消息资源。
受所述控制设备直接控制的测量执行设备可以称为第一级测量执行设备, 每个第一级测量执行设备直接控制至少一个第二级测量执行设备;每个第二级 测量执行设备都可以在用于其发送数据的时间段向直接控制自身的第一级测 量执行设备请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段;每个第一级测量执行 设备都可以从其直接控制的第二级测量执行设备中选择出允许占用后一个通 信宏周期内的随机时间段的第二级测量执行设备,并可以在用于其发送数据的 时间段向所述控制设备请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段,所述请求 中包括用于标识选择出的第二级测量执行设备的信息;所述控制设备可以在后 一个通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段,向所有发出所述请求的第一级 测量执行设备中的一个第一级测量执行设备,发送允许占用后一个通信宏周期 内的随机时间段的响应;所述一个第一级测量执行设备向其选择出的第二级测 量执行设备, 发送允许占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应。 当然, 申请、授权也可以有第三级测量执行设备或更多级测量执行设备参与。也就是 说, 申请、 授权可以多级进行。 在本发明中 ,每个设备都要在预先指定给自己的时间段或通过申请获得授 权占用的随机时间段发送数据,为保证每个设备都能准时的在用于自己发送数 据的时间段发送数据, 控制系统中的各个设备最好都能经常性的调整本地时 钟, 即经常性的进行网络时钟的同步。 时钟同步的一种方式为, 釆用简单网络时间协议(SNTP, Simple Network
Time Protocol )或 IEEE1588协议。 此外, 本发明还提供了另外一种时钟同步 方式。
如果控制设备是时钟源, 那么控制设备可以在发送第一数据的同时或之 后,记录发送第一数据的时刻; 接收第一数据的测量执行设备可以记录第一数 据到达本地的时刻;控制设备在后一个用于其发送数据的时间段发送的第二数 据可以包括发送第一数据的时刻;接收第一数据的测量执行设备收到第二数据 后, 可以根据所述控制设备发送第一数据的时刻、 第一数据到达本地的时刻及 本地与所述控制设备之间的线路延时, 校正本地时钟。 在具体实现时, 一般将控制设备作为时钟源, 当然, 也可以将某个测量执 行设备作为时钟源。本发明对此不作限定, 只要能够保证各个设备之间保持时 钟同步即可。
需要说明的是,上述的控制系统例如是数控系统,控制设备例如是数控系 统中的数控设备, 测量执行设备例如是数控系统中的伺服驱动器。 为使本领域技术人员更加清楚的理解本发明, 下面再以数控系统为例,介 绍本发明的几个优选实施例。
第一个优选实施例
图 3所示的是本发明的以太网釆用的星形、 菊花链、 环形等拓朴结构。 第 一个优选实施例釆用星形结构, 如图 3所示, 局域网由 1个数控设备、 3个伺 服驱动器及 1个工业交换机构成。
如图 4所示, 时钟同步釆用 IEEE1588精确时钟协议, 设定数控设备为主 时钟(即时钟源), 伺服驱动器为从时钟, 主时钟与从时钟进行同步。 在数控 系统上电后,各伺服驱动器测量自身与数控设备之间的线路延时, 并保存此线 路延时。 线路延时测量方法如下: 数控设备发送同步( SYNC )报文,记录 SYNC报文发送时刻 Tsn=1000000ns, 并将此时间戳(即发送时刻 Tsn )携带在 Follow— Up报文中发送给伺服驱动器; 伺服驱动器接收 SYNC报文, 记录 SYNC报文到达时刻 Td n=l 300500ns; 伺服驱动器接收 Follow— Up报文, 从中获得数控设备发送 SYNC报文的发 送时刻 Tsn;
伺服驱动器发送 Delay— Req报文, 记录 Delay— Req报文发送时刻 Tsn+尸 1360000ns;
数控设备接收到 Delay— Req报文, 记录 Delay— Req报文到达时刻 Tdn+尸 1060500ns, 并将此时间戳(到达时刻 Tdn+1 )携带在 Delay— Rsp报文中发 给伺服驱动器;
伺服驱动器接收到 Delay— Rsp报文后, 釆用下列公式计算线路延时:
Delayn = (Tdn+1 - Tsn+1 ) + (Tdn - TsJ
_ (1060500 - 1360000) + (1300500 - 1000000)
_ 2
= 500ns 随后, 数控设备周期性发送 SYNC报文, 接收到此 SYNC报文的伺服驱 动器与发送该 SYNC报文的数控设备进行同步。 数控设备和各个伺服驱动器 均维护一个相对时钟,且各个伺服驱动器周期性的与数控设备对时, 并校正本 地时钟。 同步偏差计算方法如下: 数控设备发送 SYNC报文, 记录 SYNC报文发送时刻 Tsn+2=2000000ns, 并 将此时间戳(即发送时刻 Tsn+2 )携带在 Follow— Up报文中发送给伺服驱动器; 伺服驱动器接收 SYNC报文,记录 SYNC报文到达时时刻 Td n+2=2300500ns; 伺服驱动器接收 Follow— Up报文, 从中获得数控设备发送 SYNC报文的发 送时刻 Tsn+2; 伺服驱动器釆用下列公式计算同步偏差:
Offsetn = Tdn+2 - Tsn+2 - Delay n
= 2300500 - 2000000 - 500
= 300000«5 伺服驱动器将本地时钟减去 Offsetn即完成本次同步。 待时钟同步完成后, 通信调度开启, 数控设备和各个伺服驱动器按照通信调度策略发送数据, 即, 开始进行发送数据的过程。 如图 5所示, 在第一个优选实施例中, 通信宏周期包括随机时间段。 图 5 所示的周期时间是指预先指定给设备的时间, 周期时间包括多个时间槽 (即时 间段), 每个时间段都预先指定给一个设备。 图 5所示的非周期时间就是上述 的随机时间段。 如图 6所示, 数控设备、 伺服驱动器 1 (图 6中简称为伺服 1 )在每个通 信宏周期内的各自时间槽内发送数据 (例如是需要周期性发送的数据, 简称为 周期数据 ), 伺服驱动器 2 (图 6中简称为伺服 2 )和伺服驱动器 3 (图 6中简 称为伺服 3 )复用同一个时间槽, 交替发送数据 (例如是需要周期性发送的数 据, 简称为周期数据)。 伺服驱动器 1在通信宏周期 a通过周期数据中的申请 字段, 申请发送可以非周期发送的数据(简称为非周期数据)。 数控设备在通 信宏周期 b通过周期数据中的授权字段, 指示伺服驱动器 1 在通信宏周期 b 的非周期时间发送非周期数据。 伺服驱动器 1 获得授权后, 在通信宏周期 b 的非周期时间发送非周期数据。 如图 7所示, 周期数据的结构中嵌入了申请、授权字段, 这两个字段可以 由位于数据链路层的通信调度管理子层来维护。在第一个优选实施例中, 申请 字段由各个伺服驱动器自行维护,伺服驱动器中的通信调度管理子层将本地设 备的非周期数据队列中最高的优先级写入到申请字段。授权字段由数控设备维 护, 即, 只有数控设备发送的周期数据中的授权字段是有意义的。 数控设备中 的通信调度管理子层处理各个伺服驱动器发送的申请字段,并通过指定伺服驱 动器位号的方式, 授权其中一个伺服驱动器发送非周期数据。 如图 8所示, 在第一个优选实施例中, 釆用优先级调度策略, 即, 数控设 备根据各个伺服驱动器需要发送的非周期数据的优先级,来决定由哪个伺服驱 动器占用非周期时间。 假设在某个通信宏周期内, 伺服驱动器 1 (图 6中简称 为伺服 1 ) 申请发送优先级为 0x1的非周期数据, 伺服驱动器 2 (图 6中简称 为伺服 2 ) 申请发送优先级为 0x2的非周期数据, 伺服驱动器 3 (图 6中简称 为伺服 3 )没有非周期数据要发送, 所以将申请字段置为保留值 0xff。 在下一 个通信宏周期, 数控设备通过指定位号 16的方式, 指示伺服驱动器 1在下一 个通信宏周期内的非周期数据发送非周期数据。 如图 9所示,通信调度管理可以通过事件触发的形式来实现,通信调度管 理是针对一个设备而言的。 具体流程如下: S901 : 通信调度开启;
S902:通信调度管理子层将周期时间开始事件作为第一个事件插入到定时 事件列表中, 并等待;
S903 : 当周期时间开始时, 响应周期时间开始事件, 将周期数据发送事件 插入到定时事件列表,组织周期数据, 将需要发送的周期数据写入到网卡存储 区中, 并等待;
S904: 当周期数据发送的时间到达时, 响应周期数据发送事件, 发送网卡 存储区中的数据, 将非周期时间开始事件插入到定时事件列表中, 并等待; S905: 当非周期时间开始时, 响应非周期时间开始事件;
S906: 查询本设备是否被授权发送非周期数据。 如果被授权, 则转 S907 , 如果未被授权, 则转 S902;
S907: 查询非周期数据队列是否为空, 如果不是, 则转 S908 , 否则, 转 S902;
S908:根据非周期数据队列中最高优先级的数据的长度判断非周期时间是 否充足。 如果非周期时间足以发送非周期数据, 则转 S909; 如果非周期时间 不足以发送非周期数据, 则转 S902;
S909: 发送非周期数据, 转 S902。
如图 10所示, 数控设备和各个伺服驱动器在处于等待状态时, 可以处理 接收到的数据。 接收数据可以釆用中断或查询方式。 在第一个优选实施例中, 釆用中断方式。
S1001 : 网卡产生中断, 进入网卡中断处理程序;
S1002:检查网卡存储区是否有数据,如果有,则转 S1003 ,否则 ,转 S1010; S1003:将数据取到内存中,判断数据类型。如果是周期数据,则转 S1004, 如果是非周期数据, 则转 S1006;
S1004: 对于伺服驱动器, 转 S1005; 对于数控设备, 取出申请字段中的 内容, 进行周期调度管理, 转 S1005。 具体的, 如果当前记录的优先级为 Oxff, 并且申请字段中的优先级不为 Oxff, 则记录申请字段中的优先级, 并记录伺服 驱动器的位号; 如果当前记录的优先级不为 Oxff, 则比较申请地段中的优先级 与当前记录的优先级,如果申请字段中的优先级较高, 则记录申请字段中的优 先级, 并记录伺服驱动器的位号;
S1005: 将周期数据交付功能块处理;
S1006: 判断携带数据的报文的类别, 如果是应用层定义的非周期服务报 文, 则转 S1007; 如果是 IEEE1588同步 ^艮文, 则转 S1008; 如果是其他协议 定义的 4艮文, 例如 TCP/IP或其他实时以太网技术定义的^艮文, 则转 S1009; S1007: 将"¾文交付应用层协议的功能块处理, 转 S1010;
S1008: 将才艮文交付 IEEE1588协议的功能块处理, 转 S1010;
S1009: 将"¾文交付相关协议栈处理, 转 S1010;
S1010: 退出中断处理程序。
第二个优选实施例 与第一个实施例的不同之处在于,第二个优选实施例中的以太网釆用的拓 朴结构是菊花链结构, 时钟同步釆用时间戳携带于发送的数据中的方式,通信 宏周期不包括随机时间段。
如图 11所示, 数控系统包括 1个数控设备和 4个伺服驱动器(图 11中简 称为伺服)。 信号在双绞线上的传输延时为 5.5ns/m, 每个设备产生的延时为 300ns。 各个伺服驱动器与数控设备之间的线路延时为线上传输延时与设备延 时之和。 例如, 伺服驱动器 4 与数控设备之间的线路延时 061 11为 55ns+300ns+22ns+300ns+22ns+300ns+88ns= 1087ns。
如图 12所示, 时钟同步釆用时间戳携带于发送的数据中的方式。 数控设 备发送的周期数据中包括记录的上一次发送周期数据的时刻。例如,数控设备 在通信宏周期 a发送周期数据, 并记录发送数据的时刻 Tsn, 在通信宏周期 b, 将发送数据的时刻 Tsn 带于发送的数据中。 伺服驱动器 4 (图 12中简称为伺 月良 4 )在通信宏周期 a接收到数控设备发送的周期数据, 并记录数据的到达时 刻 Tdn。 伺服驱动器 4接收到携带发送数据的时刻 Tsn的数据后, 釆用下列公式 计算时钟同步偏差:
= Tdn - Tsn - Delay n
= 1000000 - 1000000 - 1087
= -\0%lns 如图 13所示, 通信宏周期只包括周期时间, 不包括非周期时间。
如图 14所示, 各个设备在指定的时间槽周期性的发送数据。 发送的数据 中可以包括同步数据、 实时数据和非实时数据。
由于通信宏周期不包括非周期时间, 所以在周期数据发送事件触发后, 将 周期时间开始事件插入到定时事件列表中。 各个设备在收到周期报文后,从周期报文中提取数据,根据数据类别选择 相应的处理方式。 其中, 同步数据是用于时钟同步的信息, 实时数据通常是指 与控制相关的对实时性要求较高的数据, 这部分数据交给相应的功能块处理。 非实时数据包括对实时性要求不高的应用层服务的数据、 TCP/IP协议以及其 他协议数据, 如果周期数据中的非实时数据区的长度小于要传输的数据长度, 则可以釆用多次传输的方式, 例如, 将非实时数据区中的数据分割发送, 接收 方可以将先后收到的非实时数据重新组合后交付相关协议处理。
综上所述, 在本发明中,控制系统中的每个节点都在用于其发送数据的时 间段发送数据,这样就解决了因多个节点在同一时间发送数据而引发的发送数 据冲突的问题, 并且, 还能保证每个节点都能在确定的时间将数据发送出去, 解决了需要发送数据的节点在相当长的时间内无法发送数据的问题。 另外,在本发明中, 如果申请占用随机时间段和授权占用随机时间段的过 程可以通过节点发送数据的方式完成, 那么不但可以节省申请、授权所占用的 时间, 还可以节省消息资源。 需要说明的是,对于本发明提供的以太网节点来说, 其中包括的很多单元 都是虚拟单元, 即, 由计算机语言的语句或语句组合实现。 在实际应用中, 不 同语句的组合实现的功能可以有所不同, 这种情况下,对虚拟单元的划分也可 能有所不同。 也就是说, 本发明只是给出了一种虚拟单元的划分方式, 在实际 应用中, 本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要而釆用不同的虚拟单元的划分方 式, 只要保证能够实现本发明提到的以太网节点所具有的功能即可。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程 , 是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一计算 机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。 其中,所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory, ROM )或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory, RAM )等。 以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通 技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以作出若干改进和润饰, 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种基于以太网的发送数据的方法, 其特征在于, 所述发送数据的方法 应用于包括多个节点的控制系统中, 所述发送数据的方法包括: 第一节点緩存需要发送的数据;
如果当前通信宏周期包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,则第一节点在 当前通信宏周期内的用于第一节点发送数据的时间段发送緩存的数据,如果当 前通信宏周期不包括用于第一节点发送数据的时间段,则第一节点不在当前通 信宏周期内发送緩存的数据, 其中, 其他节点不在当前通信宏周期内的用于第 一节点发送数据的时间段发送数据,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同,每个通信 宏周期由多个长度固定的时间段组成。
2.如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 任意一个时间段只能由预先指 定的一个节点占用。
3.如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 每个通信宏周期都包括一个随 机时间段, 所述随机时间段由成功申请到占用所述随机时间段的一个节点占 用, 除所述随机时间段外,每个通信宏周期内的其他任意一个时间段只能由预 先指定的一个节点占用。
4.如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 第一节点在发送数据的同时或 之后, 还包括:
向第二节点请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段; 如果在所述后一个通信宏周期内获得第二节点允许占用所述后一个通信 宏周期内的随机时间段的响应,则第一节点在所述后一个通信宏周期内的随机 时间段发送数据, 并且,如果所述后一个通信宏周期包括用于第一节点发送数 据的时间段,则第一节点还在所述后一个通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时 间段发送数据。
5.如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 第一节点緩存需要发送的数据 之前, 还包括: 在前一个通信宏周期内,获得第三节点发送的占用当前通信宏周期内的随 机时间段的请求;
如果第一节点允许第三节点占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段,则第一 节点在当前通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段,向第三节点发送允许占 用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应。
6.如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 如果第一节点不是时钟源, 则 所述方法还包括:
第一节点收到时钟源在一个用于时钟源发送数据的时间段发送的第一数 据后, 记录第一数据到达本地的时刻;
第一节点收到时钟源在另一个用于时钟源发送数据的时间段发送的第二 数据, 第二数据中包括时钟源发送第一数据的时刻; 第一节点根据第一数据到达本地的时刻、时钟源发送第一数据的时刻及第 一节点与时钟源之间的线路延时, 校正本地时钟。
7.如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 如果第一节点是时钟源, 则所 述方法还包括: 第一节点记录发送緩存的数据的时刻, 其中, 第一节点在后一 个用于其发送数据的时间段发送的数据中包括所述时刻。
8.—种以太网节点, 其特征在于, 所述以太网节点应用于包括多个以太网 节点的控制系统中, 所述以太网节点包括: 緩存单元, 緩存需要发送的数据;
第一判断单元,在緩存单元緩存需要发送的数据后, 判断当前通信宏周期
数据处理单元,如果第一判断单元判断出当前通信宏周期包括用于所述以 太网节点发送数据的时间段,则数据处理单元在当前通信宏周期内的用于所述 以太网节点发送数据的时间段发送緩存单元緩存的数据 ,如果第一判断单元判 断出当前通信宏周期不包括用于以太网节点发送数据的时间段,则数据处理单 元不在当前通信宏周期内发送緩存单元緩存的数据, 其中, 其他节点不在当前 其中,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同,每个通信宏周期由多个长度固定的 时间段组成。
9.如权利要求 8所述的以太网节点, 其特征在于, 任意一个时间段只能由 预先指定的一个节点占用。
10.如权利要求 8所述的以太网节点, 其特征在于, 每个通信宏周期都包 括一个随机时间段,所述随机时间段由成功申请到占用所述随机时间段的一个 节点占用, 除所述随机时间段外,每个通信宏周期内的其他任意一个时间段只 能由预先指定的一个节点占用。
11.如权利要求 10所述的以太网节点, 其特征在于, 还包括: 请求单元, 用于在数据处理单元发送数据的同时或之后, 向第二以太网节 点请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段; 第一获得单元,用于在请求单元向第二以太网节点请求占用后一个通信宏 周期内的随机时间段之后 ,在所述后一个通信宏周期内获得第二以太网节点允 许占用所述后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应; 数据处理单元,用于在第一获得单元获得第二以太网节点允许占用所述后 一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应后,在所述后一个通信宏周期内的随机 时间段发送数据, 并且,如果所述后一个通信宏周期包括用于所述以太网节点 发送数据的时间段,则数据处理单元还在所述后一个通信宏周期内的用于所述 以太网节点发送数据的时间段发送数据。
12.如权利要求 10所述的以太网节点, 其特征在于, 还包括:
第二获得单元, 用于在緩存单元緩存需要发送的数据之前,在前一个通信 宏周期内,获得第三以太网节点发送的占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间段的 请求;
第二判断单元,用于在第二获得单元获得第三以太网节点发送的占用当前 通信宏周期内的随机时间段的请求后,判断是否允许第三以太网节点占用当前 通信宏周期内的随机时间段;
如果第二判断单元判断出允许第三以太网节点占用当前通信宏周期内的 随机时间段,则数据处理单元在当前通信宏周期内的用于所述以太网节点发送 数据的时间段,向第三以太网节点发送允许占用当前通信宏周期内的随机时间 段的响应。
13.如权利要求 8所述的以太网节点, 其特征在于, 如果所述以太网节点 不是时钟源, 则所述以太网节点还包括: 第三获得单元, 用于在数据处理单元发送緩存单元緩存的数据之前, 收到 时钟源在一个用于时钟源发送数据的时间段发送的第一数据; 第一记录单元, 用于在第三获得单元收到时钟源发送的第一数据后,记录 第一数据到达的时刻; 第三获得单元收到第一数据后,还收到时钟源在另一个用于时钟源发送数 据的时间段发送的第二数据, 第二数据中包括时钟源发送第一数据的时刻; 所述以太网节点还包括: 时钟校正单元, 用于根据第一数据到达的时刻、 时钟源发送第一数据的时刻及所述以太网节点与时钟源之间的线路延时 ,校正 以太网节点的时钟。
14.如权利要求 8所述的以太网节点, 其特征在于, 如果所述以太网节点 是时钟源, 则所述以太网节点还包括: 第二记录单元, 用于在数据处理单元发 送緩存单元緩存的数据的同时或之后,记录数据处理单元发送緩存单元緩存的 数据的时刻, 其中,数据处理单元在后一个用于所述以太网节点发送数据的时 间段发送的数据中包括所述时刻。
15.—种控制系统, 其特征在于, 包括, 控制设备及多个测量执行设备; 所述控制设备,控制至少一个测量执行设备, 并且在用于所述控制设备发 送数据的通信宏周期内的时间段发送数据; 所述多个测量执行设备, 受所述控制设备控制, 并且每个测量执行设备都 在用于其发送数据的通信宏周期内的时间段发送数据;
其中,任意一个通信宏周期内的任意一个时间段只能被所述控制设备和所 述多个测量执行设备中的一个设备占用,并且,每个通信宏周期的时长都相同, 每个通信宏周期由多个长度固定的时间段组成。
16.如权利要求 15所述的系统, 其特征在于, 任意一个时间段只能由预先 指定的一个设备占用。
17.如权利要求 15所述的系统, 其特征在于, 每个通信宏周期都包括一个 随机时间段,所述随机时间段由成功申请到占用所述随机时间段的一个设备占 用, 除所述随机时间段外,每个通信宏周期内的其他任意一个时间段只能由预 先指定的一个设备占用。
18.如权利要求 17所述的系统, 其特征在于, 每个测量执行设备都在用于 其发送数据的时间段向所述控制设备请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时 间段;
所述控制设备在后一个通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段,向所有 发出所述请求的测量执行设备中的一个测量执行设备,发送允许占用后一个通 信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应。
19.如权利要求 18所述的系统, 其特征在于, 受所述控制设备直接控制的 测量执行设备为第一级测量执行设备,每个第一级测量执行设备直接控制至少 一个第二级测量执行设备;
每个第二级测量执行设备都在用于其发送数据的时间段向直接控制自身 的第一级测量执行设备请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段;
每个第一级测量执行设备都从其直接控制的第二级测量执行设备中选择 出允许占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的第二级测量执行设备,并在用 于其发送数据的时间段向所述控制设备请求占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机 时间段, 所述请求中包括用于标识选择出的第二级测量执行设备的信息; 所述控制设备在后一个通信宏周期内的用于其发送数据的时间段 ,向所有 发出所述请求的第一级测量执行设备中的一个第一级测量执行设备 ,发送允许 占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应;
所述一个第一级测量执行设备向其选择出的第二级测量执行设备,发送允 许占用后一个通信宏周期内的随机时间段的响应。
20.如权利要求 15所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制设备是时钟源, 所 述控制设备在发送第一数据的同时或之后, 记录发送第一数据的时刻; 接收第一数据的测量执行设备记录第一数据到达本地的时刻;
所述控制设备在后一个用于其发送数据的时间段发送的第二数据包括发 送第一数据的时刻;
接收第一数据的测量执行设备收到第二数据后,根据所述控制设备发送第 一数据的时刻、第一数据到达本地的时刻及本地与所述控制设备之间的线路延 时, 校正本地时钟。
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