WO2010113679A1 - バイオコークス製造方法及び製造装置 - Google Patents
バイオコークス製造方法及び製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010113679A1 WO2010113679A1 PCT/JP2010/054821 JP2010054821W WO2010113679A1 WO 2010113679 A1 WO2010113679 A1 WO 2010113679A1 JP 2010054821 W JP2010054821 W JP 2010054821W WO 2010113679 A1 WO2010113679 A1 WO 2010113679A1
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- pressure
- fine particles
- filling
- biomass fine
- biocoke
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
- C10B47/12—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in which the charge is subjected to mechanical pressures during coking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/083—Torrefaction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to biomass-based biocoke production technology, and more particularly to a biocoke production method and apparatus for producing biocoke that can be effectively used as a substitute fuel for coal coke.
- coal coke which is a fossil fuel
- a casting furnace a blast furnace
- fossil fuels such as coal and heavy oil are often used as fuel.
- This fossil fuel is a cause of global warming due to the problem of CO 2 emissions, and its use is being regulated from the viewpoint of global environmental protection.
- development and commercialization of energy resources to be substituted for them are required.
- Biomass is an organic matter derived from photosynthesis, and includes biomass such as woods, plants and plants, agricultural products, and potatoes based on agricultural products. By processing the biomass into fuel, the biomass can be effectively used as an energy source or an industrial raw material to contribute to global environmental protection.
- a method of fueling biomass a method of drying and fueling biomass, a method of pressurizing and fuel pelletizing, and a method of carbonizing and carbonizing and distilling solid and liquid fuel are known.
- a method of drying and fueling biomass a method of pressurizing and fuel pelletizing, and a method of carbonizing and carbonizing and distilling solid and liquid fuel are known.
- only drying the biomass results in a large porosity and low apparent specific gravity, which makes transport and storage difficult, and is not effective as a fuel for long-distance transport or storage and use.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-27435
- the moisture content of the shredded organic fiber material is adjusted to 16 to 28%, which is compressed in a die and dried to produce fuel pellets.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-206490
- This method is a method of producing biomass semi-carbonized consolidated fuel precursor by heating biomass at 200 to 500 ° C., preferably 250 to 400 ° C. in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
- Biocoke based on Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 4088933
- Biocoke is produced by holding a biomass material in a pressurized and heated state for a certain period of time and then cooling in a pressurized state.
- hemicellulose is pyrolyzed and reacted at low temperature while maintaining the skeleton of cellulose and lignin to be partially carbonized or partially carbonized Set in pressure range and temperature range to obtain solids.
- the following reaction mechanism is established, and high-hardness, high-pressure-dense biocoke can be produced.
- the reaction mechanism performs the reaction under the above-described conditions to thermally decompose hemicellulose which is a fiber component of the biomass fine granules to exert an adhesive effect, and the free water contained in the biomass granules is pressurized and heated.
- lignin reacts at low temperature while maintaining its skeleton, and by acting synergistically with the consolidation effect, high-hardness, high-pressure consolidated biocoke can be produced.
- the thermosetting reaction proceeds by inducing a reactive site between phenolic polymers contained in lignin and the like.
- bio-coke is densely packed to an apparent specific gravity of 1.2 to 1.52, and has hardness and flammability showing physical properties with maximum compressive strength of 20 to 200 MPa and calorific value of 18 to 23 MJ / kg.
- biocoke has performance comparable to both combustibility and hardness, even when compared with the apparent specific gravity of about 1.85, maximum compression strength of about 15 MPa and calorific value of about 29 MJ / kg, which are physical property values of coal coke. Therefore, biocoke is an effective fuel as a substitute for coal coke, and also has a high value as a material material.
- Patent Document 3 does not disclose the specific device configuration such as pressurizing means, heating and cooling means or its control, and bio-coke can be produced in a short time and efficiently.
- the present invention proposes a biocoke production method and apparatus that make it possible to produce biocoke efficiently in a short time.
- the present invention fills a biomass fine particle in a bottomed cylindrical reaction vessel, and obtains the semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized solid in a substantially dense state of the biomass fine particle.
- a biocoke producing method of producing biocoke by cooling after pressure forming while heating in a temperature range and a pressure range Filling the biomass fine particles into the reaction vessel, then lowering the pressure body from the upper part of the reaction vessel, and pressing the biomass fine particles at a lower pressure than the pressure range by the pressure body at the time of filling; The pressure of the pressing body is increased to pressurize the biomass fine particles in the pressure range, and the biomass fine particles are heated to the temperature range by the heating unit and held for a predetermined time, and then cooled from the heating unit
- the pressurizing body in the filling step, first, the pressurizing body is operated at low pressure to perform pressurization during filling of the biomass fine particles, and then, in the reaction step, the pressure of the pressurizing body is increased and interlocked with this, the heating means is Activated and pressurized while heating in a temperature range and pressure range to obtain a semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized solid substance in a substantially sealed state to react the biomass fine particles, hold for a predetermined time, and hold the pressurizing means It switches from a heating means to a cooling means, cools, and is trying to manufacture a bio coke molded object.
- biomass is in the form of fine particles and is charged into the reaction vessel, so its bulk density is low. If it is in the state as it is, the volume of the reaction vessel must be increased. By performing pressurization, it is possible to charge more biomass fine particles, and it is possible to miniaturize the reaction vessel.
- the pressure value of the pressurizer and the filling amount of the biomass fine particles in the reaction vessel are detected at the time of pressurization at the time of filling, and these detected values are both preset at the time of filling. It is characterized in that the feeding of the biomass fine particles and the pressurization at the time of filling are repeated until the pressure setting range and the filling amount setting range are reached. As a result, it is not necessary to measure in advance when the biomass fine particles are charged into the reaction vessel, and it becomes possible to obtain biocoke of a certain size, and in turn, the value as a product can be improved.
- a position sensor detects the upper end position of the biomass fine particles introduced into the reaction vessel, or detects a descent time in which the pressing body descends from the initial position to the upper end of the biomass fine particles. It is characterized in that the filling amount of biomass fine particles is detected by estimating the filling amount. This makes it possible to easily detect the amount of packed biomass fines. In particular, when a position sensor is used, highly accurate detection is possible, and when the fall time is used, the apparatus can be inexpensive.
- the number of descents of the pressure body is counted by a counter, and when the filling step is completed, the number of descents counted in the normal operation state is smaller than the number of descents counted in the normal operation state. It is characterized in that it is judged that an abnormality has occurred by pressure application. This is because if, for example, the number of descents of the pressure body is smaller than the number of descents predicted in the normal operation state, a problem such as the pressure body being caught on the side of the reaction container occurs, and the descent does not occur properly. Conceivable. Therefore, by counting the number of descents of the pressing body, it is possible to easily grasp the abnormality of pressurization at the time of filling.
- the heating means and the cooling means are cooling medium circulating means for heating or cooling the biomass fine particles by letting the heat medium or the refrigerant flow around the outer periphery of the reaction vessel, In the reaction step, the heat medium is circulated first and held for a predetermined time, and then switched to the refrigerant.
- the heating and cooling medium circulating means as the heating means and the cooling means, heating or cooling of the biomass fine particles can be performed rapidly, and switching from heating to cooling can be performed smoothly.
- the pressurized body is lowered by a low pressure, and the molded body is extruded and discharged from the open bottom surface of the reaction container.
- the pressurized body is lowered by a low pressure, and the molded body is extruded and discharged from the open bottom surface of the reaction container.
- a bottomed cylindrical reaction container in which biomass fine particles are filled, a pressurized body for pressurizing the biomass fine particles in the reaction container, a heating means for heating the biomass fine particles, and the biomass
- a compact obtained by pressure forming while heating in a temperature range and a pressure range to obtain a semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized solid substance in a substantially dense state with the fine particles in the substantially dense state is cooled.
- a bio-coke producing apparatus provided with a cooling means, A control device that performs pressure control of the pressing body, and switching control of the heating unit and the cooling unit;
- the control device comprises: a first pressure step of pressurizing the biomass fine particles at the time of filling at a lower pressure than the pressure range and applying the pressurizing force applied to the biomass fine particles; Controlling the pressure in a second pressure step of pressurizing in the pressure range; It is characterized in that the heating means is operated at a second pressure stage of the pressing body, and control is made to switch from the heating means to the cooling means after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- pressure detection means for detecting the pressure value of the pressurizer
- a filling amount detecting means for detecting the filling amount of biomass fine particles in the reaction vessel
- the control device is configured to set the pressure setting range at the time of filling in which the detection value of the pressure detection means and the detection value of the filling amount detection means are preset at the first pressure stage of the pressing body. It is characterized in that control is performed so that the charging of the biomass fine particles and the pressurization at the time of filling are repeated until the range is reached.
- the filling amount detecting means may be means for detecting the upper end position of the biomass fine particles introduced into the reaction container by a position sensor, or the pressing body may be lowered from the initial position to the upper end of the biomass fine particles. It is characterized in that it is any means for detecting time and estimating the filling amount.
- the control device includes a counter that counts the number of descents of the pressure body, and the control means counts the number of descents predicted in the normal operation state when switching the pressure step of the pressure body. In the case where the number of descents is small, it is characterized in that it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in pressurization at the time of filling and the pressure body is stopped.
- the heating means and the cooling means are cooling medium circulation means for heating or cooling the biomass fine particles by flowing a heat medium or a refrigerant around the periphery of the reaction vessel. Further, the heating means and the cooling means are cooling medium circulating means for heating or cooling the biomass fine particles by letting a heat medium or a refrigerant flow around the outer periphery of the reaction vessel.
- the pressurizing body in the filling step, is first operated at a low pressure to perform pressurization at the time of filling the biomass fine particles, and then in the reaction step, the pressure of the pressurizing body is increased and interlocked with this, the heating means is Activated and pressurized while heating in a temperature range and pressure range to obtain a semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized solid substance in a substantially sealed state to react the biomass fine particles, hold for a predetermined time, and hold the pressurizing means It switches from a heating means to a cooling means, cools, and is trying to manufacture a bio coke molded object.
- biomass is in the form of fine particles and is charged into the reaction vessel, so its bulk density is low. If it is in the state as it is, the volume of the reaction vessel must be increased. By performing pressurization, it is possible to charge more biomass fine particles, and it is possible to miniaturize the reaction vessel.
- the pressure value of the pressurizing means and the amount of packed biomass fines are detected at the time of pressure application, and both of the detected values fall within the predetermined pressure setting range and value setting range.
- the heating and cooling medium circulation means as the heating means and the cooling means, heating or cooling of the biomass fine particles can be performed quickly, and switching from heating to cooling can be performed smoothly. Furthermore, in the discharging step, the compact can be discharged easily from the open bottom surface of the reaction container by lowering the pressure at a low pressure, so that the compact formed in the reaction container can be easily discharged. It becomes.
- FIG. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a pressurizing hydraulic mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the biomass as a raw material of biocoke is an organic substance caused by photosynthesis and is a biomass such as woods, plants and plants, agricultural crops, and mosses.
- a biomass such as woods, plants and plants, agricultural crops, and mosses.
- biomass fine particle whose water content has been adjusted to have a predetermined water content as necessary is used as a raw material.
- Biomass fine-grained material may use biomass of small particle size as it is as in a tea bowl, coffee bowl, etc., or biomass of large particle size such as waste wood is previously crushed to a predetermined particle size or less It is also good.
- the biocoke apparatus of the present embodiment is pressurized after being compacted and held for a certain time while heating the biomass fine particles in a temperature and pressure range to obtain a semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized solid substance in a substantially dense state. Biocoke is produced by cooling while maintaining the pressure.
- the above temperature range and pressure range are half carbonization or half carbonization by thermal decomposition of hemicellulose among lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, which are main components in biomass fine particles, while maintaining hemicellulose and maintaining the framework of cellulose and lignin.
- the pressure range and temperature range to obtain the solid before carbonization That is, it is a temperature range and pressure range in which the hemicellulose in the biomass fine particles is thermally decomposed and lignin induces a thermosetting reaction.
- the biocoke producing apparatus 1 has a cylindrical reaction vessel 2 into which biomass fine particles 11 are charged.
- a hopper portion 3 for receiving the biomass fine particles 11 is provided at the upper portion of the reaction vessel 2, and a discharge portion 5 for discharging the molded biocoke is provided at the lower end.
- the reaction vessel 2 includes heating means for heating the contents to a predetermined temperature, and cooling means for cooling after heating. The heating means and the cooling means may be the same temperature control means.
- a temperature control means a double pipe structure in which a jacket is provided in the reaction vessel 2 and a cooling medium passage 4 is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
- a heat transfer medium or refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as a heat transfer medium) flows through the heat transfer medium passage 4 so that heat energy is transferred to the biomass fine particles 11 filled in the cylinder inner cylinder by heat transfer by the heat transfer medium. It has become.
- a cooling medium inlet 4a is provided on the lower side of the cooling medium passage 4, and a cooling medium outlet 4b is provided on the upper side.
- the cooling medium inlet 4a and the cooling medium outlet 4b are connected to a cooling medium circuit described later (see FIG. 7).
- a mechanism that controls the temperature of the reaction vessel 2 by switching the cooling medium, including the cooling medium passage 4, the cooling medium inlet 4a, the cooling medium outlet 4b, and the cooling medium circuit, is referred to as a cooling medium circulation mechanism.
- the discharge part 5 consists of an opening of the same diameter as the diameter of the reaction container 2, and the discharge device which opens and closes the discharge part 5 below that is provided.
- the discharge device includes a bottom cover 9 sealing the discharge section 5 and a discharge hydraulic mechanism 10 sliding the bottom cover 9 horizontally to control sealing and opening of the discharge section 5. Ru. This discharge device drives the hydraulic mechanism 10 to slide the bottom cover 9 to open the discharge portion 5 after the reaction process in the reaction container 2 is completed, and the biocoke in the cylinder 2 is dropped and discharged. It is supposed to Furthermore, above the reaction vessel 2 is provided a pressurizing means for pressurizing the biomass fine particles 11 in the cylinder 2 to a predetermined pressure.
- the pressurizing means includes a pressurizing piston (pressurizer) 6 driven by a pressurizing cylinder 7 to reciprocate in the reaction container 2, and a pressurizing hydraulic mechanism 8 for controlling the hydraulic pressure in the pressurizing cylinder 7. (See FIG. 6).
- the pressurizing piston 6 and the pressurizing cylinder 7 are disposed coaxially with the reaction vessel 2.
- the pressurizing piston 6 descends to near the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 2.
- the pressurizing piston 6 is configured to be able to maintain this pressurized state for a predetermined time.
- a position sensor 20 may be provided to detect the vertical position of the pressure piston 6 based on the amount of extension of the pressure piston 6.
- the pressurizing hydraulic mechanism 8, the discharging hydraulic mechanism 10 and the cooling medium circulating mechanism are controlled by the control device 100.
- the control device 100 is constituted by a microcomputer provided with a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM) and an input / output interface (I / O interface). Further, the control device 100 is provided with a counter 101 that counts the number of times of filling of the pressurizing piston 6 of the pressurizing hydraulic mechanism 8 and the like, and a timer 102 that measures the duration in predetermined control.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a hydraulic circuit diagram of the pressurizing hydraulic mechanism.
- the hydraulic oil supplied to the pressurizing cylinder 7 is pumped up from the tank 76 by the pump 77, and the supply amount is controlled by the solenoid valve 78 and supplied to the pressurizing cylinder 7.
- Check valves 71 and 72 are provided in the hydraulic pressure passage between the solenoid valve 78 and the pressure cylinder 7, and the hydraulic oil pressure in this portion is detected by the pressure detection sensor 75 as a back pressure, and this value is pressurized
- the pressure value of the piston 6 is input to the control device 100.
- the pressure of the pressurizing piston 6 is adjusted by controlling the solenoid valve 78 based on the pressure value detected by the pressure detection sensor 75 by the control device 100.
- the pressure step of the pressurizing piston 6 is a first pressure step of pressurizing the biomass fine particles 11 at the time of filling, at a lower pressure than the pressure range in which the biomass fine particles 11 are reacted to obtain semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized presolids There are at least two stages of: a second pressure stage of pressurizing the biomass fine granules 11 pressurized at the time of filling in the pressure range.
- cooling medium circuit 30 An example of the cooling medium circuit 30 provided in the cooling medium circulation mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
- this cooling medium circuit 30 it is possible to provide temperature control means with high thermal efficiency and high safety, but it goes without saying that cooling medium circuits with other configurations may be used.
- the cooling medium circuit 30 it is preferable to use silicon oil as the refrigerant and the heating medium.
- the cooling medium inlet 4a and the outlet 4b of the reaction vessel 2 are respectively connected to the cooling medium circuit 30 shown in the figure.
- the cooling medium circuit 30 has a configuration in which a refrigerant circuit and a heating medium circuit are combined.
- the cooling medium outlet 4 b is connected to the cooling medium discharge line 41, and branches into the heating medium return line 42 and the refrigerant return line 43 via the three-way valve 45 on the discharge line 41.
- the heat medium return line 42 is connected to the heat medium tank 31.
- the heat medium tank 31 includes a heater 31a and a stirrer 31b, and is configured to raise the temperature of the cooled heat medium. It is preferable that N 2 gas be supplied from an N 2 cylinder as necessary, and the inside of the tank be maintained at an inert atmosphere to ensure safety.
- the outlet side of the heat medium tank 31 is connected to the cooling medium supply line 40 via a three-way valve 46.
- the heat medium when heating the reaction vessel 2, the heat medium is circulated to the heat medium tank 31 side by controlling the three-way valves 45, 46, and the heat medium tank 31, the cooling medium supply line 40, A heat transfer medium circuit including the cooling and heat transfer medium passage 4 (reaction vessel 2), the cooling and cooling medium discharge line 41, and the heating medium return line 42 is formed.
- the refrigerant return line 43 is connected to the refrigerant heat exchanger 36.
- the refrigerant heat exchanger 36 exchanges heat between cooling water such as fresh water and the like and cools the refrigerant.
- a refrigerant tank 35 is provided on the refrigerant return line 43 upstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger 36.
- the refrigerant tank 35 has an ability to cool at least the refrigerant temperature to the boiling point of water or less, preferably 80 ° C. or less.
- the refrigerant tank 35 preferably includes a stirrer 35a, which reduces the change in refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the refrigerant tank 35 and improves the cooling capacity.
- the three-way valves 45 and 46 are controlled to switch to the refrigerant tank 35 side so that the refrigerant circulates to the refrigerant tank 35 side.
- a refrigerant circuit including the refrigerant heat exchanger 36, the cooling medium supply line 40, the cooling medium passage 4 (reaction vessel 2), the cooling medium discharge line 41, and the refrigerant return line 43 is formed.
- the pressurizing piston 6 is set to the initial position H 0 at the upper portion of the reaction vessel 2.
- the biomass fine-grain body 11 which is a raw material is thrown in in the reaction container 2 from the hopper part 3 (S4).
- the pressurizing cylinder 7 is driven to the lower side at a low pressure by the pressurizing hydraulic mechanism 8 to lower the pressurizing piston 6 (S5).
- the control device 100 at the time of low-pressure lowering, pressure P of the pressure cylinder 7 monitors whether the set is greater than a predetermined pressure P 1 in advance (S7).
- Oil pressure P of the pressure cylinder 7 is at a predetermined pressure P 1 the following conditions, if the pressing time is measured by the timer 102 has elapsed preset predetermined time or more, the pressure cylinder 7 again returns to step S5 Drive down.
- the pressure P 1 of the first stage of performing filling upon pressurization and 14 MPa the predetermined time is set to 10 seconds.
- the hydraulic pressure P of the pressure cylinder 7 is if older than a predetermined time at a predetermined pressure P 1 is greater than the state, then it detects the filling amount of biomass granulates 11 in the reaction vessel 2. This is done to shape the biocoke to the desired size.
- the detection of the filling amount of the biomass fine particles 11 is performed as follows.
- the biomass fine particle upper end position H in the reaction vessel 2 is detected by the position sensor 20. Then, it is determined whether the detected upper end position H is equal to or more than a preset filling amount setting value H 1 (H ⁇ H 1 ).
- the falling time T in which the pressurizing piston 6 descends from the initial position H 0 to the top end H of the biomass fine granules is detected by the timer 102 to estimate the filling amount. You may do it.
- previously acquired from the pre-initial position H 0 falling time of the pressure piston 6 to the loading set point H 1, is it a specified time T 1.
- T ⁇ T 1 the designated time T 1
- the hydraulic pressure P of the pressure cylinder 7 is larger than the predetermined pressure P 1, and biomass granulate 11 filling amount preset filling amount set value H 1 or more When it becomes, it ends.
- the filling step as described above, it is not necessary to measure in advance when the biomass fine particles 11 are charged into the reaction vessel 2, and it becomes possible to obtain biocoke having a certain size.
- biomass is in the form of fine particles and is charged into the reaction vessel 2, so its bulk density is low. In this state, the volume of the reaction vessel 2 must be increased. By performing pressurization at the time of filling, it becomes possible to charge more biomass fine-grained objects 11, and downsizing of the reaction vessel 2 becomes possible.
- the number of times of filling X 0 counted by the counter 101 is less than the predetermined number of times of filling Xa If the number of times of filling X 0 is less than the predetermined number of times of filling Xa, it is determined that the pressure piston 6 has an abnormality such as being caught near the inlet of the reaction vessel 2 or the like. It is inferred that the pressure piston 6 did not descend properly, and the device is stopped (S10). When the number of times of filling X 0 is a predetermined number of times of filling Xa or more, the process proceeds to the reaction step. As described above, by counting the number of times of filling X 0 by the counter 101, it is possible to easily grasp in real time the abnormality in pressurization at the time of filling.
- the pressurizing cylinder 7 is driven to the lower side at high pressure to lower the pressurizing piston 6 (S13), which is required to cause the biomass fine particles 11 to react.
- the biomass fine particles 11 are pressurized in a predetermined pressure range P 2 (second pressure step).
- the heat medium is circulated in the cooling medium passage 4 of the reaction vessel 2 and the biomass fine particles 11 are heated in a predetermined temperature range (S14).
- Predetermined pressure range P 2 is the pressure range and temperature range that induces hemicellulose of the biomass fine body in a pyrolysis or thermal curing reaction of lignin as described above.
- the biomass fine particles 11 in the reaction vessel 2 hold the above-described pressurized and heated state for a certain period of time. For example, when the cylinder diameter is 50 mm, the holding time is 10 to 20 minutes, and for 150 mm, it is 30 to 60 minutes. It is determined whether the heat medium circulation time is ended by the timer 102 (S15), and when it is ended, the cooling medium circulating mechanism is switched from the heating medium to the refrigerant, and the refrigerant circulation to the cooling medium passage 4 is started (S16) . Similarly, it is judged by the timer 102 whether or not the refrigerant circulation time has ended (S17), and when the refrigerant circulation time has ended, the refrigerant circulation is stopped to shift to the discharge process.
- the high pressure of the pressure cylinder 7 is removed (S18) and the discharging hydraulic mechanism 10 is driven to slide the bottom cover 9 to open the discharging portion 5 (S19). ).
- the pressure cylinder 7 is driven to the lower side at a low pressure, and the biocoke 19 produced in the reaction container 2 is extruded and discharged by the pressure piston 6 (S20). Thereby, the biocoke 19 formed compacted in the reaction vessel 2 can be easily discharged.
- the pressurizing piston 6 is operated at the low pressure first pressure stage to perform pressurization at the time of filling the biomass fine particles 11, and then in the reaction step
- the pressure of the piston 6 is increased, and in conjunction with this, the heat medium is caused to flow through the cooling / heating medium passage 4 so that the biomass fine particles 11 in the reaction vessel 2 are semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized before being substantially sealed.
- cooling is performed by switching the cooling medium passage 4 from the heating medium to the refrigerant while maintaining the pressurized state.
- the coke compact 19 is manufactured.
- the pressurizing hydraulic mechanism 8 the discharging hydraulic mechanism 10, and the cooling medium circulating mechanism in conjunction with each other by the control device 100, it becomes possible to produce biocoke in a short time and efficiently. .
- biocoke producing apparatus By using the biocoke producing apparatus according to the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently produce high-hardness and high-density biocoke that can be used as a substitute for coal coke.
- the biocoke manufactured in this embodiment can be used as a heat source, reducing agent, etc. in a cupola furnace, blast furnace, etc. in casting manufacture or iron making, and boiler fuel for power generation, calcined fuel such as slaked lime etc. It can also be used for fuel demand, and can also be used as a material material by taking advantage of properties such as higher compressive strength.
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Abstract
Description
バイオマスを燃料化する方法としては、バイオマスを乾燥させて燃料化する方法、加圧して燃料ペレット化する方法、炭化、乾留させて固体及び液体の燃料化する方法等が知られている。しかし、バイオマスを乾燥させるのみでは、空隙率が大きくみかけ比重が低くなるため、輸送や貯留が困難であり、長距離輸送や貯留して使用する燃料としては有効とはいえない。
また、バイオマスを乾留して燃料化する方法は、特許文献2(特開2003-206490号公報)等に開示されている。この方法は、酸素欠乏雰囲気中において、バイオマスを200~500℃、好適には250~400℃で加熱して、バイオマス半炭化圧密燃料前駆体を製造する方法となっている。
また、特許文献2等に記載されるように乾留によりバイオマスを燃料化する方法では、加工処理を施さないバイオマスに比べると燃料として価値が高いものとなっているが、やはり石炭コークスに比べてみかけ比重が低く、発熱量が低い。さらに、石炭コークスに比べて硬度が低いため、石炭コークスの代替として利用するには不十分である。
バイオコークスは、バイオマス原料を加圧、加熱した状態で一定時間保持した後に、加圧を維持した状態で冷却することにより製造される。加圧、加熱条件は、バイオマス細粒体中の主成分であるリグニン、セルロース及びヘミセルロースのうち、ヘミセルロースを熱分解させると共にセルロース及びリグニンの骨格を保持しつつ低温反応させて半炭化或いは半炭化前固形物を得る圧力範囲及び温度範囲に設定する。これにより以下の反応機構が成立し、高硬度で高圧密されたバイオコークスが製造できる。
この表に示されるように、バイオコークスは、みかけ比重1.2~1.52に高圧密され、最高圧縮強度20~200MPa、発熱量18~23MJ/kgの物性値を示す硬度、燃焼性ともに優れた性能を有しており、未加工の木質バイオマスが、みかけ比重約0.4~0.6、発熱量約17MJ/kg、最高圧縮強度約30MPaであるのと比べると、発熱量及び硬度の点において格段に優れていることが判る。また、石炭コークスの物性値である、みかけ比重約1.85、最高圧縮強度約15MPa、発熱量約29MJ/kgに比しても、バイオコークスは燃焼性、硬度とも遜色ない性能を有する。従って、バイオコークスは石炭コークスの代替として有効な燃料であるとともに、マテリアル素材としての利用価値も高い。
そこで本発明は、バイオコークスを短時間で且つ効率的に製造することを可能としたバイオコークス製造方法及び装置を提案する。
前記反応容器にバイオマス細粒体を投入した後、前記反応容器の上部から加圧体を下降させ該加圧体により前記圧力範囲より低圧でバイオマス細粒体を充填時加圧する充填工程と、
前記加圧体の圧力を上昇させ前記圧力範囲にてバイオマス細粒体を加圧するとともに、加熱手段により前記バイオマス細粒体を前記温度範囲に加熱して所定時間保持した後、前記加熱手段から冷却手段に切り替えて前記反応容器内に生成された成形体を冷却する反応工程と、
前記加圧体の圧力を低下させた後前記反応容器の底部を開放し、前記冷却された成形体を排出する排出工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。
これにより、反応容器にバイオマス細粒体を投入する際に予め計量する必要がなく、一定の大きさのバイオコークスを得ることが可能となり、延いては製品としての価値を向上させることができる。
これにより、簡単にバイオマス細粒体の充填量を検出することが可能となる。特に、位置センサを用いる場合は精度の高い検出が可能となり、下降時間を用いる場合は装置を安価にできる。
これは、加圧体の下降回数が正常動作状態で予測される下降回数よりも少ない場合には、例えば加圧体が反応容器の側部に引っかかるなどの不具合が生じ、適切に下降しなかっと考えられる。従って、加圧体の下降回数をカウントすることにより充填時加圧の異常を簡単に把握することが可能となる。
前記反応工程では、先に熱媒を循環させて所定時間保持した後、冷媒に切り替えることを特徴とする。
このように、前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段として冷熱媒循環手段を用いることにより、バイオマス細粒体の加熱又は冷却を迅速に行え、また加熱から冷却への切替が円滑に行える。
このように、加圧体を用いて成形体を押出し排出することにより、反応容器内に圧密して形成された成形体を容易に排出可能となる。
前記加圧体の圧力制御、及び前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段の切り替え制御を行う制御装置を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記バイオマス細粒体に付与する加圧力を、前記圧力範囲より低圧で前記バイオマス細粒体を充填時加圧する第1の圧力段階と前記充填時加圧したバイオマス細粒体を前記圧力範囲で加圧する第2の圧力段階とに圧力制御するとともに、
前記加圧体の第2の圧力段階にて前記加熱手段を作動させ、所定時間経過後に前記加熱手段から前記冷却手段に切り替える制御を行なうことを特徴とする。
前記反応容器内のバイオマス細粒体の充填量を検出する充填量検出手段と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記加圧体の第1の圧力段階にて、前記圧力検出手段の検出値と前記充填量検出手段の検出値がともに予め設定された充填時加圧設定範囲、充填量設定範囲になるまで前記バイオマス細粒体の投入と前記充填時加圧を繰り返し行うように制御することを特徴とする。
さらに、前記制御装置が前記加圧体の下降回数をカウントするカウンタを備え、該制御手段は、前記加圧体の圧力段階を切り替える際に、正常動作状態で予測される下降回数よりも前記カウントされた下降回数が少ない場合は充填時加圧にて異常が発生したと判断して前記加圧体を停止することを特徴とする。
さらにまた、前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段が、前記反応容器の外周に熱媒又は冷媒を通流させてバイオマス細粒体を加熱又は冷却する冷熱媒循環手段であることを特徴とする。
また、前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段が、前記反応容器の外周に熱媒又は冷媒を通流させてバイオマス細粒体を加熱又は冷却する冷熱媒循環手段であることを特徴とする。
また、バイオマス細粒体の充填量を検出する際に、バイオマス細粒体の上端位置を位置センサで検出するか、或いは加圧体の下降時間を検出して充填量を推定することにより、簡単にバイオマス細粒体の充填量を検出することが可能となる。
さらにまた、前記排出工程にて、加圧体を低圧下降して反応容器の開放した底面から成形体を押出し排出することにより、反応容器内に圧密して形成された成形体を容易に排出可能となる。
本実施形態において、バイオコークスの原料となるバイオマスは、光合成に起因する有機物であって、木質類、草木類、農作物類、厨芥類等のバイオマスであり、例えば、廃木材、間伐材、剪定枝、植物、農業廃棄物、コーヒー滓や茶滓等の厨芥廃棄物等が挙げられる。
本実施形態のバイオコークス装置は、バイオマス細粒体を略密状態にて半炭化或いは半炭化前固形物を得る温度範囲及び圧力範囲で加熱しながら加圧成形して一定時間保持した後に、加圧を維持した状態で冷却することによりバイオコークスを製造する。上記した温度範囲、圧力範囲は、バイオマス細粒体中の主成分であるリグニン、セルロース及びヘミセルロースのうち、ヘミセルロースを熱分解させると共にセルロース及びリグニンの骨格を保持しつつ低温反応させて半炭化或いは半炭化前固形物を得る圧力範囲及び温度範囲とする。即ち、前記バイオマス細粒体中のヘミセルロースが熱分解されるとともにリグニンが熱硬化反応を誘起する温度範囲及び圧力範囲である。
図1に示すように、バイオコークス製造装置1はバイオマス細粒体11が投入される円筒形の反応容器2を有している。該反応容器2の上部にはバイオマス細粒体11を受け入れるホッパ部3が設けられ、下端には成型されたバイオコークスを排出する排出部5が設けられている。また、該反応容器2は、内容物を所定温度まで加熱する加熱手段と、加熱後に冷却する冷却手段とを備える。この加熱手段及び冷却手段は、同一の温度調整手段としてもよい。本実施形態では、温度調整手段として、反応容器2にジャケットを設けた二重管構造とし、内筒と外筒の間に冷熱媒通路4を設けた構成としている。冷熱媒通路4には、熱媒若しくは冷媒(以後、冷熱媒と称する)が通流し、該冷熱媒による伝熱によりシリンダ内筒に充填されたバイオマス細粒体11に熱エネルギの授受を行うようになっている。冷熱媒通路4の下方側には冷熱媒入口4aが設けられ、上方側には冷熱媒出口4bが設けられている。これらの冷熱媒入口4a及び冷熱媒出口4bは、後述する冷熱媒回路に接続されている(図7参照)。冷熱媒通路4、冷熱媒入口4a、冷熱媒出口4b、冷熱媒回路を含み、冷熱媒の切り替えにより反応容器2の温度制御を行う機構を冷熱媒循環機構と称する。
(CPU)、読み出し専用メモリ(ROM)、ランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)及び入出力インタフェース(I/Oインタフェース)を備えたマイクロコンピュータで構成される。さらに、制御装置100は、加圧用油圧機構8の加圧ピストン6の充填回数等をカウントするカウンタ101、所定の制御における継続時間を計測するタイマ102を備えている。
加圧ピストン6の圧力段階は、バイオマス細粒体11を反応させて半炭化或いは半炭化前固形物を得る圧力範囲より低圧で、バイオマス細粒体11を充填時加圧する第1の圧力段階と、充填時加圧したバイオマス細粒体11を前記圧力範囲で加圧する第2の圧力段階と、の少なくとも2段階を有する。
反応容器2の冷熱媒入口4aと出口4bは、同図に示される冷熱媒回路30に夫々接続されている。該冷熱媒回路30は、冷媒回路と熱媒回路とが組み合わされた構成となっている。冷熱媒出口4bは、冷熱媒排出ライン41に接続され、該排出ライン41上の三方バルブ45を介して熱媒戻りライン42と、冷媒戻りライン43に分岐している。
熱媒戻りライン42は熱媒タンク31に接続されている。該熱媒タンク31は、加熱器31aと、撹拌機31bを具備しており、冷却された熱媒を昇温するようになっている。必要に応じてN2ボンベからN2ガスが供給されるようにし、タンク内を不活性雰囲気に保持して安全性を確保することが好ましい。熱媒タンク31の出口側は、三方バルブ46を介して冷熱媒供給ライン40に接続されている。
このような構成を用いて、反応容器2の加熱時には、三方バルブ45、46を制御することにより熱媒タンク31側に熱媒が循環するようにし、熱媒タンク31、冷熱媒供給ライン40、冷熱媒通路4(反応容器2)、冷熱媒排出ライン41、熱媒戻りライン42からなる熱媒回路を形成する。
さらに、好適には冷媒戻りライン43の冷媒熱交換器36より上流側に、冷媒タンク35を設ける。この冷媒タンク35は、少なくとも冷媒温度を水の沸点以下、好適には80℃以下まで冷却する能力を有するものとする。さらに、冷媒タンク35は、撹拌機35aを具備することが好ましく、これにより冷媒タンク35出口の冷媒温度変化を軽減し冷却能力を向上させる。
このような構成を用いて、反応容器2の冷却時には、三方バルブ45、46を制御することにより冷媒タンク35側に切り替えて、該冷媒タンク35側に冷媒が循環するようにし、冷媒タンク35、冷媒熱交換器36、冷熱媒供給ライン40、冷熱媒通路4(反応容器2)、冷熱媒排出ライン41、冷媒戻りライン43からなる冷媒回路を形成する。
このように、反応容器2内のバイオマス細粒体11の加熱手段、冷却手段として、冷熱媒回路30を備えた冷熱媒循環機構を用いることにより、バイオマス細粒体11の加熱又は冷却が迅速に行え、また加熱から冷却への切替を円滑に行うことが可能となる。
まず、充填工程において、制御装置100により充填操作を起動させる(S1)。これは、加圧用油圧機構8や排出用油圧機構10を含む各油圧機構、及び冷熱媒循環機構を起動させ(S2)、カウンタ101の充填回数をリセットする(S3)。即ち、充填回数をX(回)とすると、X0=0に設定する。このとき、図3(i)に示すように、加圧ピストン6は反応容器2上部の初期位置H0に設定しておく。
そして、原料であるバイオマス細粒体11をホッパ部3より反応容器2内に投入する(S4)。バイオマス細粒体11を投入後、図3(ii)に示すように、加圧用油圧機構8により加圧シリンダ7を低圧で下降側に駆動して加圧ピストン6を下降させる(S5)。低圧下降時の圧力は、後述する反応工程の圧力より低い第1の圧力段階P1とする。この時、カウンタ101の充填回数を+1増加させて、X0=X0+1とする(S6)。低圧下降時に制御装置100では、加圧シリンダ7の油圧Pが予め設定された所定圧力P1より大きいか否かを監視する(S7)。加圧シリンダ7の油圧Pが所定圧力P1以下の状態にて、タイマ102にて計測される加圧時間が予め設定された所定時間以上経過した場合は、S5に戻り再度加圧シリンダ7を下降側に駆動する。好適には、充填時加圧を行う第1段階の圧力P1は14MPaとし、所定時間は10秒とする。
バイオマス細粒体11の充填量検出は以下のように行う。
位置センサ20により反応容器2内のバイオマス細粒体上端位置Hを検出する。そして、検出された上端位置Hが、予め設定された充填量設定値H1以上であるか否か(H≧H1)を判断する。
このように、位置センサ20又は加圧ピストン6の下降時間Tを用いることにより、簡単にバイオマス細粒体11の充填量を検出することが可能となる。特に、位置センサ20を用いる場合は精度の高い検出が可能となり、下降時間Tを用いる場合は装置を安価にできる。
上記したように充填工程を行うことにより、反応容器2にバイオマス細粒体11を投入する際に予め計量する必要がなく、一定の大きさのバイオコークスを得ることが可能となる。また、バイオマスは細粒体状で反応容器2に投入されるため嵩密度が低く、そのままの状態だと反応容器2の容積を大きくしなければならないが、充填工程にて加圧ピストン6により低圧で充填時加圧を行うことで、より多くのバイオマス細粒体11を投入することが可能となり、反応容器2の小型化が可能となる。
このとき、位置センサ20により検出される加圧ピストン6の位置が下降端位置まで到達したか否かを判断し(S21)、到達した場合には加圧シリンダ7を低圧で上昇側に駆動させ加圧ピストン6を上昇させる(S22)とともに底面蓋部9を閉鎖し(S23)、加圧ピストン6を上昇端まで移動させる(S24)。そして、制御装置100に通常運転停止命令が入力された場合には(S25)、運転を終了する(S26)。停止命令が入力されていない場合には(S25)、S3まで戻り、充填回数をリセットした後、原料投入(S4)移行のステップを繰り返し行う。
Claims (11)
- 有底筒状の反応容器にバイオマス細粒体を充填し、該バイオマス細粒体を略密状態にて半炭化或いは半炭化前固形物を得る温度範囲及び圧力範囲で加熱しながら加圧成形した後、冷却してバイオコークスを製造するバイオコークス製造方法において、
前記反応容器にバイオマス細粒体を投入した後、前記反応容器の上部から加圧体を下降させ該加圧体により前記圧力範囲より低圧でバイオマス細粒体を充填時加圧する充填工程と、
前記加圧体の圧力を上昇させ前記圧力範囲にてバイオマス細粒体を加圧するとともに、加熱手段により前記バイオマス細粒体を前記温度範囲に加熱して所定時間保持した後、前記加熱手段から冷却手段に切り替えて前記反応容器内に生成された成形体を冷却する反応工程と、
前記加圧体の圧力を低下させた後前記反応容器の底部を開放し、前記冷却された成形体を排出する排出工程と、を備えることを特徴とするバイオコークス製造方法。 - 前記充填工程では、充填時加圧時に前記加圧体の圧力値と前記反応容器内のバイオマス細粒体の充填量とを検出し、これらの検出値がともに予め設定された充填時加圧設定範囲、充填量設定範囲になるまで前記バイオマス細粒体の投入と前記充填時加圧を繰り返し行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオコークス製造方法。
- 前記充填工程では、前記反応容器に投入されたバイオマス細粒体の上端位置を位置センサで検出するか、或いは前記加圧体が初期位置からバイオマス細粒体上端まで下降する下降時間を検出して充填量を推定することによりバイオマス細粒体の充填量を検出することを特徴とする請求項2記載のバイオコークス製造方法。
- 前記充填工程にて前記加圧体の下降回数をカウンタにてカウントし、該充填工程の終了時に、正常動作状態で予測される下降回数よりも前記カウントされた下降回数が少ない場合は充填時加圧にて異常が発生したと判断することを特徴とする請求項1若しくは2記載のバイオコークス製造方法。
- 前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段が、前記反応容器の外周に熱媒又は冷媒を通流させてバイオマス細粒体を加熱又は冷却する冷熱媒循環手段であり、
前記反応工程では、先に熱媒を循環させて所定時間保持した後、冷媒に切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオコークス製造方法。 - 前記排出工程では、前記加圧体を低圧下降して前記反応容器の開放した底面から成形体を押出し排出することを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオコークス製造方法。
- バイオマス細粒体が充填される有底筒状の反応容器と、前記反応容器内のバイオマス細粒体を加圧する加圧体と、前記バイオマス細粒体を加熱する加熱手段と、前記バイオマス細粒体を略密状態にて前記加熱手段と前記加圧体により半炭化或いは半炭化前固形物を得る温度範囲及び圧力範囲で加熱しながら加圧成形して得られた成形体を冷却する冷却手段と、を備えたバイオコークス製造装置において、
前記加圧体の圧力制御、及び前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段の切り替え制御を行う制御装置を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記バイオマス細粒体に付与する加圧力を、前記圧力範囲より低圧で前記バイオマス細粒体を充填時加圧する第1の圧力段階と前記充填時加圧したバイオマス細粒体を前記圧力範囲で加圧する第2の圧力段階とに圧力制御するとともに、
前記加圧体の第2の圧力段階にて前記加熱手段を作動させ、所定時間経過後に前記加熱手段から前記冷却手段に切り替える制御を行なうことを特徴とするバイオコークス製造装置。 - 前記加圧体の圧力値を検出する圧力検出手段と、
前記反応容器内のバイオマス細粒体の充填量を検出する充填量検出手段と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記加圧体の第1の圧力段階にて、前記圧力検出手段の検出値と前記充填量検出手段の検出値がともに予め設定された充填時加圧設定範囲、充填量設定範囲になるまで前記バイオマス細粒体の投入と前記充填時加圧を繰り返し行うように制御することを特徴とする請求項7記載のバイオコークス製造装置。 - 前記充填量検出手段は、前記反応容器に投入されたバイオマス細粒体の上端位置を位置センサで検出する手段か、或いは前記加圧体が初期位置からバイオマス細粒体上端まで下降する下降時間を検出して充填量を推定する手段の何れかであることを特徴とする請求項8記載のバイオコークス製造装置。
- 前記制御装置が前記加圧体の下降回数をカウントするカウンタを備え、該制御手段は、前記加圧体の圧力段階を切り替える際に、正常動作状態で予測される下降回数よりも前記カウントされた下降回数が少ない場合は充填時加圧にて異常が発生したと判断して前記加圧体を停止することを特徴とする請求項7若しくは8記載のバイオコークス製造装置。
- 前記加熱手段と前記冷却手段が、前記反応容器の外周に熱媒又は冷媒を通流させてバイオマス細粒体を加熱又は冷却する冷熱媒循環手段であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のバイオコークス製造装置。
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