WO2010113493A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010113493A1 WO2010113493A1 PCT/JP2010/002347 JP2010002347W WO2010113493A1 WO 2010113493 A1 WO2010113493 A1 WO 2010113493A1 JP 2010002347 W JP2010002347 W JP 2010002347W WO 2010113493 A1 WO2010113493 A1 WO 2010113493A1
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 310
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- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 18
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- DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(18),2(7),3,5,8(13),9,11,14,16-nonaene Chemical group N1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=NN=C3C2=N1 DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-2-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=C1 BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/19—Tandem OLEDs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “organic EL element”) used for a planar light source and a display element.
- organic EL element organic electroluminescent element
- an organic EL element having a light emitting layer made of an organic compound between an anode and a cathode, which are opposed to each other has attracted attention as a means for realizing a large-area display element driven at a low voltage.
- Tang et al. Of Eastman Kodak Company have adopted a structure in which organic compounds having different carrier transport properties are stacked and holes and electrons are injected in a balanced manner from the anode and the cathode, respectively, in order to increase the efficiency of the device.
- the structure of the organic EL element has been developed on the basis of the structure shown by Tang et al. As described above. Recently, for example, as shown in Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8, a structure sandwiched between electrodes. An organic EL element having a structure in which a plurality of light emitting units are stacked so that can be connected in series has been developed. This technology has been attracting attention as a technology that enables the organic EL device to dramatically extend its life, achieve high brightness required for light sources and illumination, and emit light uniformly over a large area. This is because the structure of the organic EL element of Tang et al. Which requires a large current despite the low voltage cannot satisfy these requirements.
- an organic EL element having a series type (tandem type) structure, and ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (IZO (by using an insulating layer made of a charge transfer complex without using a transparent electrode material such as Indium Zinc Oxide, a plurality of light emitting units can be connected in series.
- this organic EL element only the region where the cathode and the anode intersect with each other emits light as in the conventional organic EL element, and the sputtering process that is essential for the formation of the transparent electrode becomes unnecessary. It is recognized as the most useful among the structures of organic EL elements, and has been widely known as a multiphoton organic EL element.
- Non-Patent Document 1 The reason for being referred to as multiphoton is that if the number of light emitting units is set to a predetermined number or more, the number of photons exceeding the number of electrons passing through the organic EL element can be generated (Non-Patent Document 1).
- this multi-photon organic EL element has a problem that it requires several times as many manufacturing steps as a conventional organic EL element, and an insulating connection layer made of a charge transfer complex is disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents. There is also a problem that it is difficult to control the manufacturing process because the chemical doping method described in 9 to Patent Document 14 must be used.
- the series organic EL element is suitable for emitting light over a large area with uniform intensity.
- the series organic EL element can increase the voltage V required to obtain the same luminance by multiplying by the number of units, and the current I is almost equal to the number of units. You can make it smaller by the amount you remove.
- the element resistance ratio of voltage to current: VI -1
- VI -1 increases by approximately the square of the number of units, and a substantially uniform potential in the plane can be realized like a capacitor with an insulator sandwiched between electrodes. It is.
- the uniformity of the potential in other words, the uniformity of the luminance, increases as the number of units increases.
- a light emitting area of about 5 inches diagonal is approximately uniform in a laminate of several units.
- light emission can be realized, for example, when the light emission area is 15 inches or more diagonally, uniform light emission with such high brightness is impossible with a laminate of several units, and at least about 15 units are considered necessary. It is almost impossible to produce such a large number of unit laminates efficiently and at low cost.
- charge transfer complexes generated by contact by mixing or stacking an electron-accepting substance and an electron-donating substance are used to excite the light-emitting substance from the charge generation layer to the light-emitting unit. It is described that necessary electron charges and hole charges are supplied. However, actually, both the hole and electron charges are not supplied to the luminescent material only by the charge transfer complex described in Patent Document 8, and as specifically shown in the examples,
- a strong electron donating substance such as an alkali metal is allowed to act on the (electron transporting) organic substance, and the organic substance is converted into a radical anion to generate an electron charge (radical anion state molecule).
- a strong electron donating substance such as an alkali metal is allowed to act on the (electron transporting) organic substance, and the organic substance is converted into a radical anion to generate an electron charge (radical anion state molecule).
- a method for supplying alkali metal into the film As a method for supplying alkali metal into the film, a method of directly evaporating alkali metal by resistance heating (resistance heating vapor deposition method), a film containing a compound containing alkali metal ions is formed by vapor deposition, and then aluminum or the like is used. There is a method in which an extremely small amount of heat-reducible metal (amount corresponding to a film thickness of about 15 ⁇ ) is supplied by vapor deposition to reduce alkali metal ions to a metallic state. These methods are proposed in Patent Document 8. Has been.
- an oxide, carbonate, composite oxide, composite carbonate, or the like containing an alkali metal ion is further deposited by an electron beam evaporation method
- the electron beam evaporation method itself converts the metal in the compound from an ionic state to a metal. Since it is one of the means for reducing to an atomic state, as a result, an alkali metal can be allowed to act on an electron transporting organic substance.
- cesium carbonate (CsCO 3 ) may be capable of producing metal cesium by reduction simply by resistance heating in vacuum without using an electron beam evaporation method.
- Patent Document 15 or Patent Document 16 discloses an electron injection layer or an intermediate cathode layer containing lithium carbonate or lithium oxide ( It is described that a layer called an interface layer is formed so as to be in contact with the anode side of the charge generation layer, and these documents do not clearly describe the vapor deposition method. If the film is formed by the usual resistance heating vapor deposition method regardless of the electron beam vapor deposition method, the alkali metal ions in the compound are not reduced to the metal, so that it becomes impossible to transport the electronic charge to the luminescent material as described above. This is easily verified by experiment.
- Patent Document 17 discloses a series of organic substances called vako bases. In any case, the luminescent organic substance is reduced. Similarly, there is a demerit in that it has the property of quenching its luminescent properties.
- the main object of the present invention is to reduce substances such as alkali metals (strong electron donation) that have been essential for the structure of the multi-photon organic EL device that the inventor has previously proposed and developed.
- the object is to provide an organic EL device capable of obtaining substantially the same performance as the conventional one, while avoiding the use of the active substance) and thus greatly simplifying the manufacturing process. That is, the main object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device which does not use radical anionization means using a strong electron donating substance such as alkali metal, which is essential for the production of conventional multiphoton organic EL devices. It is in.
- the present inventor uses only the electron-accepting substance and the electron-donating substance constituting the charge generation layer of the organic EL element in Patent Document 8 above, and converts the electron charge and the hole charge respectively to the anode of the charge generation layer.
- Intensive research has been conducted for the purpose of realizing an organic EL device that can move to the light emitting layer located in the direction of the cathode and the cathode.
- electron charges radical anion-accepting semiconductor molecules
- the obtained structure was found and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention The anode, A cathode, A plurality of light emitting units including a light emitting layer located between the anode and the cathode; A charge generation layer located between the plurality of light emitting units; An organic electroluminescent device comprising: An insulating organic material layer is provided at a site that serves as a barrier against charge transfer from the charge generation layer to the light emitting layer; An organic electroluminescent device is provided.
- the “charge generation layer” generally means an electron-donating semiconductor molecule (hole charge) in a radical cation state generated by the transfer of electrons between two different semiconductor materials when a voltage is applied, and a radical.
- An anion-accepting semiconductor molecule (electron charge) that moves in the cathode and anode directions, respectively, and injects it into the light-emitting layer in the direction of the movement. Including substances and electron donating substances.
- the “charge generation layer” located between the plurality of light emitting units generates an electron charge and a hole charge at the interface with an adjacent layer (for example, a hole transport layer).
- the layer which can form the site to be made does not necessarily contain both the electron accepting substance and the electron donating substance.
- the “charge generation layer” is composed of a strong electron accepting material (for example, HATCN6), and the hole transport layer adjacent to the cathode side of the strong electron accepting material is an electron donating material (for example, NPB). It may be comprised.
- the electron-accepting substance and the electron-donating substance may be any substance that generates an electron charge (radical anion) and a hole charge (radical cation) by transferring electrons when a voltage is applied. May not be formed.
- an electron accepting substance and an electron donating substance that do not form a charge transfer complex are used.
- the formation of the charge transfer complex is irrelevant to voltage application, and is due to a chemical reaction (redox reaction) between the electron accepting substance and the electron donating substance.
- the substance constituting the “charge generation layer” in the present invention is preferably composed of an organic substance from the viewpoint of easy manufacture of the charge generation layer. Therefore, the “charge generation layer” in the present invention is preferably composed of an organic compound semiconductor.
- the “insulating organic material layer” positioned between the charge generation layer and the light emitting layer is insulated from the movement of the electronic charge when the charge is an electronic charge. Therefore, it may be composed of a hole transporting organic material.
- the hole transporting organic substance is usually used on the assumption that it carries a charge by repeated generation and extinction of a radical cation state.
- the hole transporting organic material when a hole transporting organic material is used as the “insulating organic material layer” between the charge generation layer and the light emitting layer located on the anode side, the hole transporting organic material is not radically cationized, The radical anion generated in the charge generation layer tunnels the hole transporting organic substance and moves to the electron transporting organic substance adjacent to the anode side. Therefore, in this case, the hole transporting organic substance is present as a simple insulating organic substance without any charge.
- the greatest feature of the organic EL element of the present invention is an “insulating organic material layer” located between the charge generation layer and the light emitting layer.
- the insulating organic material layer in the present invention is inserted, for example, between the charge generation layer and the electron transport layer existing on the anode side thereof, so that the strong electron accepting substance and the electron transport layer present in the charge generation layer are combined.
- the movement (passage) of charges in the insulating organic layer of the present invention is due to a tunnel current. Therefore, the dielectric constant of the insulating organic layer is preferably as low as possible, preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, further preferably 3 or less, and further 2 or less. It is preferable. If the relative dielectric constant is 5 or less, the tunnel current depends on the electric field strength (V / cm). Therefore, the thickness of the insulating organic material layer can be set to 10 angstroms or more, for example. Physical isolation between the electron-accepting substance and the electron-transporting organic substance in the electron-transporting layer can be realized more reliably. Insulating inorganic materials often have a relative dielectric constant of more than 3, and many cannot be heated and evaporated.
- the insulating organic material layer in the organic EL device of the present invention may be a single film made of only an insulating organic material, and the insulating organic material and the electron transporting organic material and / or the charge generation layer used for the electron transporting layer. It may be a mixed film containing a strong electron accepting substance used in the above.
- the use of a reducing substance (strong electron donating substance) such as an alkali metal, which has been essential for the structure of the multi-photon organic EL device that has been proposed and developed by the present inventor, is avoided. It is possible to provide an organic EL element that can achieve substantially the same performance as the conventional one while greatly simplifying the manufacturing process. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an organic EL device which does not use radical anionization means using a strong electron donating substance such as an alkali metal, which is essential for producing a conventional multiphoton organic EL device. it can.
- the charge generation layer of the multiphoton organic EL device and the layer adjacent to the charge generation layer become much simpler, and strong electrons such as alkali metals that quench the luminescent organic material are donated. Since an electron charge and a hole charge can be efficiently supplied to the light emitting layer without using a reactive substance, the number of vapor deposition chambers can be reduced, and a process difficult to control can be eliminated. Therefore, the organic EL element of the present invention can be manufactured by a process that is markedly lower than the conventional multiphoton organic EL element.
- FIG. 5 is a graph plotting current efficiency (cd / A) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ) for the organic EL devices fabricated in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph plotting voltage (V) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ) for the organic EL devices fabricated in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 1.
- V voltage
- the current efficiency (cd / A) - is a graph plotting current density (mA / cm 2).
- 5 is a graph plotting voltage (V) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ) for the organic EL devices fabricated in Example 2 and Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 10 is a graph plotting current efficiency (cd / A) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ) for the organic EL device fabricated in Example 5.
- the organic EL device of the present invention includes an anode, a cathode, a plurality of light emitting units including a light emitting layer located between the anode and the cathode, and a charge generation layer located between the plurality of light emitting units. And an insulating organic material layer provided at a site that becomes a barrier against the movement of charges from the charge generation layer to the light emitting layer.
- the organic EL element 1 of the present invention includes n light emitting units (n is an integer of 2 or more), for example, an anode 4 formed in order on a glass substrate 2, First light emitting unit 6-1, first insulating organic material layer 8-1, first charge generation layer 10-1, second light emitting unit 6-2, second insulating organic material layer 8-2, the second charge generation layer 10-2, the (n-1) th insulating organic material layer 8- (n-1), and the (n-1) th charge generation layer 10- (n -1), an nth light emitting unit 6-n, and a cathode 14.
- n is an integer of 2 or more
- an anode 4 formed in order on a glass substrate 2
- First light emitting unit 6-1 First light emitting unit 6-1, first insulating organic material layer 8-1, first charge generation layer 10-1, second light emitting unit 6-2, second insulating organic material layer 8-2, the second charge generation layer 10-2, the (n-1) th insulating organic material layer 8- (n-1),
- the organic EL device of the present invention does not use any strong electron donating substance such as an alkali metal that quenches the luminescent organic material constituting the luminescent layer, and efficiently generates an electronic charge in the luminescent layer.
- an insulating organic material layer having a low dielectric constant is provided between the charge generation layer and the light emitting layer.
- the “insulating organic material layer” in the organic EL element of the present invention may be composed of an insulating organic material having a low relative dielectric constant, and various organic compounds are used as the insulating organic material. Is expected to do. Among them, for example, the following formula:
- the insulating organic material layer when it is provided at a site where the electronic charge moves, it may be any layer that functions as an insulating layer with respect to the transportation of the electronic charge. It may be a formed hole transporting organic material layer.
- the material constituting the “cathode” generally a metal having a small work function, an alloy containing them, a metal oxide, or the like is used. Specifically, an alkali metal such as Li, an alkaline earth metal such as Mg or Ca, a rare earth metal such as Eu, or an alloy of these metals with Al, Ag, In, or the like can be given. It is done.
- the cathode is made of a conductive material. If so, the nature of the work function and the like is not a limit.
- the organic layer in contact with the cathode is made of at least one of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and rare earth metal ions.
- a metal capable of reducing metal ions contained in the complex compound to a metal in a vacuum such as Al, Zr, Ti, Si, etc. (thermally reducible) Metals or alloys containing these metals can also be used as the cathode material.
- aluminum that is generally widely used as a wiring electrode is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of easiness of vapor deposition, high light reflectance, chemical stability, and the like.
- the material constituting the “anode” is not particularly limited, and for example, a transparent conductive material such as ITO (indium tin oxide) or IZO (indium zinc oxide) can be used.
- a transparent conductive material such as ITO (indium tin oxide) or IZO (indium zinc oxide) can be used.
- the ITO film is formed by a sputtering method that does not damage the organic film using the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-332567, as in the case of the cathode, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-270171.
- the metal-doped organic layer described in 1 is used for the electron injection layer, the above-mentioned transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO can be used for the cathode.
- both the cathode and the anode can be made transparent (because both the organic film and the charge generation layer are also transparent), so that a transparent light-emitting element can be produced.
- the anode It is possible to form an organic EL element having a structure in which light is extracted not from the substrate side but from the film formation surface side by forming the metal from a metal and using the cathode as a transparent electrode.
- the “charge generation layer” in the present invention may be any layer that can form a site for generating an electronic charge and a hole charge at the interface with an adjacent layer (for example, a hole transport layer).
- a hole transport layer for example, if the charge generation layer is made of a strong electron accepting material (for example, HATCN6) and the hole transport layer adjacent to the cathode side of the strong electron accepting material is made of an electron donating material (for example, NPB), the voltage can be reduced.
- an electronic charge and a hole charge are generated at the interface between the charge generation layer and the hole transport layer.
- no charge transfer complex is formed in the absence of an electric field.
- the “light emitting unit” in the present invention can take various structures as in the case of a conventionally known organic EL element, and is composed of, for example, a combination of a light emitting layer and a hole transport layer and / or an electron transport layer. Various modes may be adopted as the combination.
- the “light emitting layer” may be a conventional light emitting layer used in a conventional organic EL device, and the light emitting material constituting the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, and various known fluorescent materials or phosphorescent materials are known. Any can be used. For example, the following formula:
- the “hole transport layer” may be formed using a hole transport material that constitutes the hole transport layer of the conventional organic EL device, and is not particularly limited.
- the ionization potential is smaller than 5.7 eV
- the hole transport property is That is, an organic compound having an electron donating property (electron donating substance) can be used.
- it is desirable that the ionization potential is smaller than 5.7 eV in order for an organic compound having an electron donating property to easily enter a radical cation state.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are preferably arylamine compounds.
- arylamine compounds are preferably 4,4′-bis [N- (2-naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl (NPB) is preferable.
- a pigment-based organic material containing a phthalocyanine compound that has been conventionally used as a hole injection material for organic EL elements may be used for the “hole transport layer”. Any material that can be generated can be appropriately selected and used.
- the “electron transport layer” may be formed using an electron transport material constituting the electron transport layer of a conventional organic EL device, and is not particularly limited.
- the electron transport material used in the present invention is generally organic.
- the electron transporting materials used in the EL element those having a relatively deep HOMO (High Occupied Molecular Orbital) level are preferable.
- an electron transporting material having a deep HOMO level is used as described above, the hole charge is difficult to move toward the electron transporting material, and as described above, the electron charge generated in the charge generation layer electrically converts the hole charge into an electric charge. Without being neutralized, the luminescent substance can be reliably excited to emit light.
- the LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) level of the electron transporting material used in the present invention is a light emitting property that constitutes the light emitting layer and the LUMO level of the (strong) electron accepting material used in the charge generation layer. It is preferably located between the LUMO level of the organic substance. Needless to say, the LUMO level of a strong electron-accepting substance is often at a position substantially equivalent to the HOMO level of a hole-transporting substance, and is deeper than ordinary organic compound semiconductors. The difference from the LUMO level of the organic material is large.
- the electron transporting substance and the electron accepting substance are energetic. It plays a role of bridging the luminescent organic material, and it can reduce unnecessary electric potential consumption when transferring the electronic charge existing in the LUMO level of the electron-accepting material to the LUMO level of the luminescent organic material, and highly efficient light emission. Becomes easier.
- an electron transport substance for example, KLET02 manufactured by Chemipro Kasei Co., Ltd. can be used as an electron transport substance (organic substance).
- the physical properties of the electron transport material (organic substance) manufactured by Chemipro Kasei Co., Ltd. are as follows (from Chemipro Kasei Co., Ltd. HP. Http://www.chemipro.co.jp/Yuki#EL /Products.html).
- the LUMO level of the electron transporting substance is located between the LUMO level of the (strong) electron-accepting substance in the charge generation layer and the LUMO level of the light-emitting organic substance in the light-emitting layer”
- the low dielectric constant interposed between the charge generation layer and the light emitting layer is not an essential component of the present invention but facilitates the movement of the electronic charge.
- This is an insulating organic material layer.
- the LUMO level of the strong electron-accepting substance and the HOMO level of the hole transporting substance are described in, for example, JP-T-2007-518220.
- the arylamine compound and the pigment-based organic material are often equivalent to a hole-transporting organic substance, and a hole made of the arylamine compound and the pigment-based organic material (electron-donating substance).
- the charge generation layer may be a strong electron accepting substance layer composed of a strong electron accepting substance. In this case, an electron charge and a hole charge are generated at the interface between the hole transport layer in the light emitting unit and the strong electron accepting material layer as the charge generation layer.
- the strong electron accepting substance forming the strong electron accepting substance layer in the present invention for example, the following formula:
- HTCN6 hexaazatriphenylene derivative
- the organic EL device of the present invention when the electron transport layer is adjacent to the insulating organic layer, an electron transporting organic material constituting the electron transport layer may be mixed in the insulating organic layer. That is, the organic EL element of the present invention may have an insulating organic substance / electron transporting substance mixed layer instead of the insulating organic substance layer.
- the strong organic accepting material constituting the strong electron accepting material layer is mixed in the insulating organic material layer. It may be. That is, the organic EL element of the present invention may have an insulating organic substance / strong electron accepting substance mixed layer instead of the insulating organic substance layer. Even in such a configuration, an undesirable interaction between the electron transporting substance and the strong electron accepting substance may be avoided, and this can be confirmed by experiments as appropriate.
- the light emitting layer is often composed of a host material and a light emitting substance dispersed in the host material, and the host material is the same material as the electron transporting substance. Can be. Therefore, in the organic EL device of the present invention, when the electron transport layer is adjacent to the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer are configured as a single layer integrally formed using the same material. May be.
- the hole transport material when the hole transport layer is adjacent to the light emitting layer, the hole transport material may emit light or function as a host material for the light emitting layer.
- the layer and the hole transport layer may be formed as a single layer formed integrally.
- the luminescent material may be dispersed and mixed only in the portion near the cathode of the hole transport layer.
- the organic EL device of the present invention can have, for example, the following laminated structure.
- a) Anode b) Hole injection layer (may be composed of the same material as the charge generation layer) c) hole transport layer d) light-emitting layer e) electron transport layer f) insulating organic layer g) charge generation layer h) repetition of c) to g) above i) cathode
- the organic EL element of this invention may take the following laminated structure. a) Anode b) Strong electron accepting material layer c) Hole transport layer d) Light emitting layer e) Electron transport layer f) Insulating organic material layer g) Strong electron accepting material layer h) Repeating c) to g) above i) Cathode
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a laminated structure having a mixed layer of a strong electron accepting substance and a hole transporting substance (strong electron accepting substance: hole transporting substance) in the laminated structure as described below. It may be.
- the mixed layer is formed by a method of co-evaporation by simultaneously heating a plurality of vapor deposition sources, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a) Anode b) Strong electron accepting substance / hole transporting substance mixed layer c) Hole transporting layer d) Light emitting layer e) Electron transporting layer f) Insulating organic substance layer g) Strong electron accepting substance / hole transporting substance mixed layer h ) Repeat from c) to g) i) Cathode
- a laminated constitution part in which the electron transport layer and the insulating organic layer are adjacent to each other is divided into an electron transport layer and an electron transporting organic material / insulating organic material mixed layer. May be changed to an adjacent laminated component (“electron transport layer / electron transport organic compound / insulating organic compound mixed layer”). That is, the electron transporting organic material constituting the electron transporting layer may be mixed with the insulating organic material layer and used.
- the electron transport layer and the insulating organic material layer are adjacent to each other (the electron transporting layer / insulating organic material layer).
- a light emitting substance is often dispersed in a host material, and the host material may be the same as an electron transporting substance. Therefore, in the organic EL device of the present invention, the stacked constituent portion where the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer are adjacent may be a single layer made of the same material.
- the hole transport material having the above laminated structure may constitute a light emitting layer or may function as a host material of the light emitting layer.
- the “hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer” laminated structure The part may be changed to a stacked constituent part of “hole transport layer (light emitting layer) / electron transport layer”.
- the “hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer” layered structure is “hole transport layer / hole transport material / light-emitting material”. It may be changed to a layered configuration portion of “mixed layer / electron transport layer”.
- an organic EL element including an anode, a cathode, a plurality of light-emitting units including a light-emitting layer located between the anode and the cathode, and a charge generation layer positioned between the plurality of light-emitting units
- An organic EL element including a laminated structure in which an insulating organic material layer is provided at a site that serves as a barrier against charge transfer to the light emitting layer is included in the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may have a structure in which a plurality of these basic units are stacked.
- the organic EL element of the present invention as described above can be produced by a conventionally known method using a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus.
- the production can be easily carried out without making the process complicated.
- a vacuum deposition machine manufactured by Eiko Co., Ltd. was used. The thickness of each layer is measured using a stylus type surface shape measuring instrument (DEKTAK3030), and for the characteristic evaluation of the obtained organic EL element, a source meter 2400 manufactured by Keithley Instruments Co., Ltd. and Topcon Co., Ltd. are used.
- Luminometer BM-7 Further, the anode of the organic EL element is made of ITO, the cathode is made of Al, and a DC voltage is applied stepwise at a rate of 0.1 V / 2 seconds or 0.5 V / 2 seconds to increase the voltage for 1 second. Later luminance and current values were measured.
- an organic EL element 10 having a laminated structure shown in FIG. 2 was produced. That is, the anode 24, the strong electron accepting material layer 26, the hole transport layer 28, the light emitting layer 30, the electron transport layer 32, the insulating organic material layer 34, the strong electron accepting material layer 36, and the cathode 38 are formed on the glass substrate 22. Then, an organic EL element 10 having a structure formed (laminated) in this order was produced.
- the layers adjacent to the anode and the cathode were formed of the same strong electron-accepting material.
- the strong electron accepting material layer adjacent to the anode accepts electrons from the hole transport layer adjacent to the cathode side, and radical cationizes the hole transporting material in the hole transport layer (hole charge generation).
- the strong electron accepting substance in the strong electron accepting substance layer itself becomes a radical anion.
- the strong electron accepting substance in the strong electron accepting substance layer in contact with the cathode is radical anionized by electrons injected from the cathode.
- the organic EL element having the above configuration can emit light with a desired efficiency, for example, a) Anode b) Strong electron accepting material layer c) Light emitting unit Hole transporting layer Light emitting layer Electron transporting layer e) Insulating organic material layer f) Charge generation layer Strong electron accepting material layer h) Above c) to f) above I)
- the step of producing the basic structure of the organic EL element can be repeated to obtain an organic EL element having the same properties as the multi-photon organic EL element described above. Therefore, in this example, an organic EL element in which layers adjacent to the anode and the cathode were each composed of the same strong electron accepting material was produced.
- Example 1 As the organic EL element of Example 1, the following layers were laminated in order, and the organic EL element 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
- the constituent materials and thickness of each layer were as follows. 1) Anode ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), 800 ⁇ 2) Strong electron accepting material layer HATCN6 (hexaazatriphenylene derivative), 200 ⁇ 3) Hole transport layer NPB (4,4′-bis [N- (2-naphthyl) ) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl) 500 ⁇ 4) Luminescent layer Alq3 (Tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex), 300 ⁇ 5) Electron transport layer KLET02, 250 ⁇ 6 manufactured by Chemipro Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Insulating organic layer Ca (dpm) 2 (Bis- Di-pivaloyl-methanate-calcium) 60 ⁇ 7) Strong electron accepting material layer HATCN6 (hexaazatriphenylene derivative), 200 ⁇ 8) Cathode Aluminum, 900 ⁇
- Comparative Example 3 As the organic EL element of Comparative Example 3, an organic EL element (conventional standard element using an alkali metal compound and a heat-reducible metal) having a configuration in which the following layers were sequentially laminated on a glass substrate was produced.
- FIG. 2 shows a graph plotting current efficiency (cd / A) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ), and FIG. 3 plots voltage (V) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ). The graph is shown.
- the organic EL element of Example 1 can obtain high current efficiency due to the presence of Ca (dpm) 2 which is an insulating organic substance without generating an electronic charge by an alkali metal, and the organic EL element of Comparative Example 2 can be obtained. It was found that the device was driven at a remarkably low voltage compared to the EL element.
- Example 2 As the organic EL element of Example 2, an organic EL element having a configuration in which the following layers were sequentially laminated on a glass substrate was produced. 1) Anode ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), 800 ⁇ 2) Strong electron accepting material layer HATCN6 (hexaazatriphenylene derivative), 200 ⁇ 3) Hole transport layer NPB (4,4′-bis [N- (2-naphthyl) ) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl) 500 ⁇ 4) Light emitting layer Alq3 (Tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex), 200 ⁇ 5) Electron transport layer KLET02, 250 ⁇ 6 manufactured by Chemipro Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Insulating organic material layer (hole transporting organic material layer, electron) Layer that functions as an insulating layer at the transport site) NPB (4,4'-bis [N- (2-naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl) 60 ⁇ 7) Strong electron accepting material layer HATCN6 (hexaazatriphenylene derivative), 50 ⁇ 8) Cathode Aluminum, 900 ⁇
- Comparative Example 4 As the organic EL element of Comparative Example 4, an organic EL element having a configuration in which the following layers were sequentially laminated on a glass substrate was produced. That is, in Example 2, an organic EL device without an insulating organic material layer 6) was produced.
- FIG. 4 shows a graph plotting current efficiency (cd / A) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ), and FIG. 5 plots voltage (V) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ). The graph is shown.
- Example 3 As the organic EL element of Example 3, the following layers are sequentially laminated on a glass substrate, An organic EL element having two light emitting layers, that is, two light emitting units, was produced. 1) Anode ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), 800 ⁇ 2) Strong electron accepting material layer HATCN6 (hexaazatriphenylene derivative), 200 ⁇ 3) Hole transport layer of the first light emitting unit NPB (4,4′-bis [N -(2-naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl) 500 ⁇ 4) Light emitting layer of first light emitting unit Alq3 (Tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex), 200 ⁇ 5) Electron transport layer of first light emitting unit KLET02, 250 ⁇ 6 manufactured by Chemipro Kasei Co., Ltd.) Insulating property Organic layer (hole transporting organic layer, layer that functions as an insulating layer at the electron transport site) NPB (4,4'-bis [N- (2-na
- FIG. 6 shows a graph plotting current efficiency (cd / A) ⁇ current density (mA / cm 2 ).
- the organic EL element of the present invention having two light emitting layers (light emitting units) of Example 3 is approximately twice as large as the organic EL element of Comparative Example 3 produced as a conventional standard element. It was found that a current efficiency of
- the organic EL device of the present invention can be used in a wide range of product fields that require light generation, such as various light sources and image display devices that require low energy consumption.
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Abstract
Description
陽極と、
陰極と、
前記陽極と前記陰極との間に位置する、発光層を含む複数の発光ユニットと、
前記複数の発光ユニットの間に位置する電荷発生層と、
を含む有機エレクトルミネッセント素子であって、
前記電荷発生層から前記発光層への電荷の移動に対する障壁となる部位に絶縁性有機物層が設けられていること、
を特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子
を提供する。
a)陽極
b)ホール注入層(電荷発生層と同物質から構成されていても良い)
c)ホール輸送層
d)発光層
e)電子輸送層
f)絶縁性有機物層
g)電荷発生層
h)上記c)~上記g)の繰り返し
i)陰極
a)陽極
b)強電子受容性物質層
c)ホール輸送層
d)発光層
e)電子輸送層
f)絶縁性有機物層
g)強電子受容性物質層
h)上記c)~上記g)の繰り返し
i)陰極
a)陽極
b)強電子受容性物質・ホール輸送物質混合層
c)ホール輸送層
d)発光層
e)電子輸送層
f)絶縁性有機物層
g)強電子受容性物質・ホール輸送物質混合層
h)上記c)~上記g)の繰り返し
i)陰極
有機化合物層、金属層及び電荷発生層の形成には、(株)エイコー製の真空蒸着機を使用した。各層の厚さは、触針式表面形状測定器(DEKTAK3030)を用いて測定し、得られた有機EL素子の特性評価には、ケースレーインスツルメンツ(株)製のソースメータ2400及びトプコン(株)製の輝度計BM-7を使用した。また、有機EL素子の陽極をITOで形成し、陰極をAlで形成し、直流電圧を0.1V/2秒又は0.5V/2秒の割合でステップ状に印加して、電圧上昇1秒後の輝度及び電流値を測定した。
本実施例においては、図2に示す積層構造を有する有機EL素子10を作製した。すなわち、ガラス基板22上に、陽極24、強電子受容性物質層26、ホール輸送層28、発光層30、電子輸送層32、絶縁性有機物層34、強電子受容性物質層36及び陰極38を、この順番で形成(積層)した構造を有する有機EL素子10を作製した。
a)陽極
b)強電子受容性物質層
c)ホール輸送層
d)発光層
e)電子輸送層
f)絶縁性有機物層
g)強電子受容性物質層
h)陰極
a)陽極
b)強電子受容性物質層
c)発光ユニット ホール輸送性層
発光層
電子輸送層
e)絶縁性有機物層
f)電荷発生層 強電子受容性物質層
h)上記c)~上記f)の繰返し
i)陰極
のように、上記有機EL素子の基本構造を作製する工程を繰り返し、上記で述べたマルチフォトン有機EL素子と同等の性質を有する有機EL素子を得ることができる。したがって、本実施例においては、陽極及び陰極にそれぞれ隣接する層が同じ強電子受容性物質によって構成された有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1の有機EL素子として、以下の層が順に積層され、図1に示す構造を有する有機EL素子1を作製した。各層の構成材料及び厚さは以下のとおりとした。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)ホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、300オングストローム
5)電子輸送層
ケミプロ化成(株)製のKLET02、250オングストローム
6)絶縁性有機物層
Ca(dpm)2(ビス-ジ-ピバロイル-メタナート-カルシウム)
60オングストローム
7)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
8)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
比較例1の有機EL素子として、ガラス基板上に以下の層が順に積層された構成を有する有機EL素子を作製した。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)ホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、500オングストローム
5)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
6)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
比較例2の有機EL素子として、ガラス基板上に以下の層が順に積層された構成を有する有機EL素子を作製した。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)ホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、300オングストローム
5)電子輸送層
ケミプロ化成(株)製のKLET02、250オングストローム
6)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
比較例3の有機EL素子として、ガラス基板上に以下の層が順に積層された構成を有する有機EL素子(アルカリ金属化合物と熱還元性金属を使用する従来型の標準素子)を作製した。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)ホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、300オングストローム
5)電子輸送層
ケミプロ化成(株)製のKLET02、400オングストローム
6)アルカリ金属化合物層
LiF(フッ化リチウム)、10オングストローム
7)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
実施例1及び比較例1~比較例3で作製した有機EL素子において、陽極と陰極との間に直流電圧を印加し、発光層からの緑色発光の諸特性を測定した。ここで、図2に、電流効率(cd/A)-電流密度(mA/cm2)をプロットしたグラフを示し、図3に、電圧(V)-電流密度(mA/cm2)をプロットしたグラフを示した。
実施例2の有機EL素子として、ガラス基板上に以下の層が順に積層された構成を有する有機EL素子を作製した。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)ホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、200オングストローム
5)電子輸送層
ケミプロ化成(株)製のKLET02、250オングストローム
6)絶縁性有機物層(ホール輸送性有機物層、電子輸送部位における絶縁層として機能する層)
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
60オングストローム
7)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、50オングストローム
8)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
比較例4の有機EL素子として、ガラス基板上に以下の層が順に積層された構成を有する有機EL素子を作製した。即ち、実施例2において、6)の絶縁性有機物層の無い有機EL素子を作製した。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)ホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、200オングストローム
5)電子輸送層
ケミプロ化成(株)製のKLET02、250オングストローム
6)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、50オングストローム
7)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
実施例2及び比較例4で作製した有機EL素子において、陽極と陰極との間に直流電圧を印加して、発光層(Alq)からの緑色発光の諸特性を測定した。ここで、図4に、電流効率(cd/A)-電流密度(mA/cm2)をプロットしたグラフを示し、図5に、電圧(V)-電流密度(mA/cm2)をプロットしたグラフを示した。
実施例3の有機EL素子として、ガラス基板上に以下の層が順に積層され、
2つの発光層、すなわち2つの発光ユニットを有する有機EL素子を作製した。
1)陽極
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、800オングストローム
2)強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、200オングストローム
3)第1発光ユニットのホール輸送層
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
500オングストローム
4)第1発光ユニットの発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、200オングストローム
5)第1発光ユニットの電子輸送層
ケミプロ化成(株)製のKLET02、250オングストローム
6)絶縁性有機物層(ホール輸送性有機物層、電子輸送部位で絶縁層として機能する層)
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
60オングストローム
7)電荷発生層である強電子受容性物質層
HATCN6(ヘキサアザトリフェニレン誘導体)、50オングストローム
8)第2発光ユニットのホール輸送性有機物層(1)
CuPc(銅フタロシアニン)層、100オングストローム
9)第2発光ユニットのホール輸送性有機物層 (2)
NPB(4,4'-ビス[N-(2-ナフチル)-N-フェニル-アミノ]ビフェニル)
600オングストローム
10)第2発光ユニットの発光層
Alq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)、750オングストローム
11)電子注入層としてのアルカリ金属化合物層
LiF(フッ化リチウム)、10オングストローム
12)陰極
アルミニウム、900オングストローム
実施例3で作製した有機EL素子において、陽極と陰極との間に直流電圧を印加して、発光層(Alq)からの緑色発光の諸特性を測定した。ここで、図6に、電流効率(cd/A)-電流密度(mA/cm2)をプロットしたグラフを示した。図6に示されたとおり、実施例3の2つの発光層(発光ユニット)を有する本発明の有機EL素子が、従来型標準素子として作製した比較例3の有機EL素子と比べ、略2倍の電流効率が得られることがわかった。
Claims (6)
- 陽極と、
陰極と、
前記陽極と前記陰極との間に位置する、発光層を含む複数の発光ユニットと、
前記複数の発光ユニットの間に位置する電荷発生層と、
を含む有機エレクトルミネッセント素子であって、
前記電荷発生層から前記発光層への電荷の移動に対する障壁となる部位に絶縁性有機物層が設けられていること、
を特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。 - 前記絶縁性有機物層が、前記電荷発生層で発生した電子電荷の前記発光層への移動に対する障壁となる部位に設けられていること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。 - 前記絶縁性有機物層が、電子電荷に対する絶縁性を有するホール輸送性有機物であること、
を特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。 - 前記絶縁性有機物層の比誘電率が5以下であること、
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうちのいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。 - 前記絶縁性有機物層が、有機金属錯体で構成されており、前記有機金属錯体の配位子がβジケトン型であること、
を特徴とする請求項1~4のうちのいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。 - 前記絶縁性有機物層と前記発光層との間にホールブロック性を有する電子輸送層を含むこと、
を特徴とする請求項1~6のうちのいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。
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US13/258,967 US20120025180A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-03-31 | Organic electroluminescent device |
JP2011507027A JP5180369B2 (ja) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-03-31 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子 |
EP10758273.6A EP2416628A4 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-03-31 | ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT ELEMENT |
CN2010800147434A CN102396296A (zh) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-03-31 | 有机电致发光元件 |
KR1020137026334A KR101408547B1 (ko) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-03-31 | 유기 전계발광 소자 |
KR1020117025936A KR101344576B1 (ko) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-03-31 | 유기 전계발광 소자 |
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WO2010113493A1 true WO2010113493A1 (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
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US (1) | US20120025180A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2416628A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5180369B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101344576B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102396296A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010113493A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2416628A4 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
JP5180369B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
KR20110136885A (ko) | 2011-12-21 |
KR20130119010A (ko) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2416628A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
KR101344576B1 (ko) | 2013-12-26 |
KR101408547B1 (ko) | 2014-06-17 |
CN102396296A (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
JPWO2010113493A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
US20120025180A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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