WO2010111881A1 - 混合动力汽车的动力系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力汽车的动力系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010111881A1
WO2010111881A1 PCT/CN2009/076333 CN2009076333W WO2010111881A1 WO 2010111881 A1 WO2010111881 A1 WO 2010111881A1 CN 2009076333 W CN2009076333 W CN 2009076333W WO 2010111881 A1 WO2010111881 A1 WO 2010111881A1
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Prior art keywords
power
mode
drive
motor
vehicle
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PCT/CN2009/076333
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雍安娇
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奇瑞汽车股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2010111881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010111881A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448Electrical distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power system of a hybrid vehicle and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of hybrid vehicle manufacturing. Background technique
  • the current hybrid four-wheel drive system consists of a hybrid hybrid system with a rear motor drive system.
  • Hybrid cars can be divided into series hybrid, parallel hybrid and hybrid hybrid according to the energy structure.
  • the parallel hybrid is represented by the Hyundai CIVIC-CiSili
  • the hybrid hybrid is represented by the Toyota Prius-Prius.
  • the parallel and hybrid hybrids are all pre-predecessor arrangements, and there are deficiencies in terms of power and passability.
  • a hybrid driving control method and system for a motor vehicle is disclosed.
  • the precursor of the system structure is a conventional driving mode, but the rear motor driving module is added;
  • a double-bridge liquid-drive hybrid electric vehicle transmission system is disclosed, which realizes four-wheel drive through a hydraulic system.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hybrid system power system and a control method thereof according to the deficiencies of the prior art, and adopt an ISG system (Integrated Starter Generator integrated starter generator drive system) and a rear motor drive system.
  • ISG system Integrated Starter Generator integrated starter generator drive system
  • the invention can achieve energy saving and emission reduction, improve driving pleasure, simplify mechanical structure, reduce vehicle weight, and achieve easy realization.
  • a hybrid vehicle power system including a rear motor drive system and an integrated starter generator drive system System, power supply system and control system;
  • rear motor drive system includes rear motor, reducer, rear differential and rear motor controller, wherein rear motor, reducer and rear differential are mechanically connected to form rear drive power assembly Controlled by the rear motor controller for driving the rear wheel separately;
  • the integrated starter generator drive system includes the engine, front motor, gearbox, front differential and front motor controller, among which engine, front motor, shifting The box and front differential form a front cabin powertrain by mechanical connection.
  • the power system can work in integrated starter generator drive mode, pure electric drive mode, regenerative braking mode or four-wheel drive mode.
  • the integrated starter generator driving mode refers to driving the system front pre-driver using an integrated starter generator; the pure electric drive mode means driving the vehicle by the rear motor; and the regenerative braking mode means recovering four drives The braking energy of the wheel; the four-wheel drive mode means that the integrated starting generator driving system and the rear motor system jointly drive the vehicle to travel.
  • the front motor is a drive-generator integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor disposed between the transmission and the engine.
  • the integrated starter generator drive mode includes an engine automatic start/stop mode, an integrated starter generator auxiliary drive mode, a power generation mode, and a front wheel regenerative braking mode.
  • the rear motor is controlled by the rear motor controller
  • the front motor is controlled by the front motor controller
  • the engine is controlled by the engine controller.
  • the rear motor controller and the front motor controller can be integrated into one unit or can be self-contained.
  • the power supply system includes a power battery, an inverter, and a DC-DC DC-DC converter
  • the control system includes a battery management system, a vehicle controller, and a CAN (Controller Area Network) controller local area network.
  • the power battery is connected to the front and rear motors and the inverter through the power harness.
  • the state monitoring and management of the power battery is completed by the battery management system.
  • the battery When the battery is in the discharge state, the current is transmitted from the power battery to the front and rear motors through the inverter;
  • the front and rear motors are charged by the braking energy or the motor is driven by the inverter after the engine is driven.
  • the engine must pass the front motor to generate electricity.
  • the invention also provides the above control method of the hybrid vehicle power system, when the battery power is insufficient or the vehicle speed is higher than a set value, the integrated starter generator driving mode is adopted, and the integrated front starter is driven by the integrated starter generator; When the vehicle speed is low and the power is sufficient, the pure electric drive mode is adopted, and the rear motor drives the vehicle. When the whole vehicle brakes or releases the accelerator pedal, it enters the regenerative braking mode and recovers the braking energy of the four driving wheels. When the road conditions are relatively complicated or accelerating and the battery power is allowed, enter the four-wheel drive mode, and the integrated starter generator drive system and the rear motor system drive the vehicle together.
  • the integrated starter generator drive system enters the power generation mode.
  • the vehicle battery is charged.
  • the ISG system of the invention adopts a parallel structure, and a driving power generation integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor is added between the gearbox and the engine, and the motor has the advantages of high power density, simple structure, high system efficiency, high control precision and high torque density. Small size, light weight and many other advantages, greatly saving space. And because the structure has the smallest change to the existing form of the engine and the transmission structure, it can be easily extended and extended on the multi-platform vehicle, that is, each platform model can enter the mixing with a minimum amount of change when space permits. Powerful vehicles, high portability.
  • the torque distribution of the front and rear wheels of the vehicle of the present invention is distributed and calculated by the vehicle controller according to the vehicle sensor and combined with the vehicle condition.
  • This structure eliminates the intermediate transmission in the conventional four-wheel drive and has higher driving flexibility, which can reduce the weight of the vehicle. Moreover, due to the hybrid structure, the increased power battery is placed behind the vehicle body, so the front and rear wheel loads are also more reasonable.
  • the invention not only meets the requirements of the SUV vehicle for the power and passability of the whole vehicle, but also achieves the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the system will distribute the braking force according to the information such as vehicle resistance, vehicle speed and wheel speed. It also makes special safety measures for collision safety and power safety to ensure safe, reliable and efficient work.
  • Fig. 1 is a system structural view of a hybrid vehicle of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a power system for use in a four-wheel drive hybrid vehicle.
  • the system mainly comprises a rear motor drive system 10, an integrated starter generator drive system (ISG drive system) 20, a power battery 30, a battery management system (BMS) 40, a vehicle controller (VMS) 50, an inverter 60, DC-DC DC-DC converter 70, vehicle CAN network 80, and electric air conditioner 90, electric steering 100, electric vacuum 110 and other low-voltage electrical appliances.
  • the rear motor drive system 10 is composed of a rear motor 11, a speed reducer 12, a rear differential 13, and a rear motor controller (rear MCU) 14;
  • the ISG drive system 20 is composed of an engine 21, a front motor 22, a gearbox 23, and a front differential.
  • the unit 24 and the front motor controller (front MCU) 25 are constructed.
  • the drive power assembly is driven, and the rear motor 11 is controlled by the rear motor controller 14, and the rear wheel drive can be separately implemented.
  • the engine 21 of the ISG drive system 20, the front motor 22, the gearbox 23, the front differential 24 and the like are fixed together by mechanical connection to form a front cabin powertrain.
  • the front motor 22 is controlled by a front motor controller 25, and the engine 21 is controlled by an engine controller (ECU) 26.
  • the rear motor controller 14 can be integrated with the front motor controller 25 into a single mechanical unit, or it can be self-contained, or placed in other suitable locations depending on space requirements.
  • the ISG drive system 20 employs a parallel structure, and a drive-generator integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor as the front motor 22 is added between the gearbox 23 and the engine 21.
  • a drive-generator integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor as the front motor 22 is added between the gearbox 23 and the engine 21.
  • the power battery 30 of FIG. 1 is connected to the front motor 22, the rear motor 11 and the inverter 60 through a power harness; the state monitoring and management of the power battery 30 is performed by the battery management system (BMS) 40; when the battery is in a discharged state, That is, when the power battery 30 outputs power outward, the current is supplied from the power battery 30 to the front motor 22 and the rear motor 11 via the inverter 60, and is converted by the power battery 30 through the DC-DC when the vehicle electric appliance needs to be powered.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the device 70 converts the power into low voltage power for use in the whole vehicle, and charges the 12V small battery when the battery is low; when the power battery 30 is in the charging state, the front motor 22 and the rear motor 11 recover through the braking energy or The engine 21 drives the front motor 22 to charge the power battery 30 via the inverter 60.
  • the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 communicates with the system controllers of the vehicle through the vehicle CAN network 80 to make overall decision and control of the entire vehicle system. It collects and processes each input signal, performs logic judgment and diagnosis, and issues control commands. It belongs to the top decision makers in the vehicle system.
  • the thick line denoted by FIG. 1 denotes a mechanical connection
  • the double thin line denoted by 130 denotes CAN communication
  • the reference numeral 140 denotes a single thin line. It is an electrical connection.
  • the system mainly includes the following working modes:
  • ISG drive mode When the battery is low, or the vehicle speed is higher than a certain value, use the ISG system front drive.
  • the ISG drive mode is divided into an engine automatic stop mode, an auxiliary drive mode, a power generation mode, and two front wheel regenerative braking modes.
  • Step 1 The battery management system (BMS) 40 monitors the state of the power battery 30, and transmits the calculated battery power to the vehicle controller (VMS) 50;
  • VMS vehicle controller
  • Step 2 The vehicle controller (VMS) 50 compares the obtained battery power with a preset power threshold. When the power is less than the threshold, the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 sets the mode signal to the ISG driving mode. ; Step 3: After the vehicle operating mode (VMS) 50 sets the vehicle operating mode to the ISG driving mode, further judges that the vehicle enters one of the above sub-modes of the ISG driving mode;
  • the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 receives the vehicle speed sensor signal and compares it with a previously set vehicle speed threshold. When the vehicle speed is greater than the threshold, the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 sets the mode signal to the ISG drive mode; Judging, so that the vehicle enters one of the above sub-modes of the ISG drive mode.
  • Step 1 The vehicle controller (VMS) 50 receives the vehicle speed sensor signal and compares it with the previously set vehicle speed threshold; when the vehicle speed is less than the threshold, proceeds to step 2;
  • Step 2 The vehicle controller (VMS) 50 compares the obtained battery power from the battery management system (BMS) 40 output with a preset power threshold;
  • Step 4 The rear motor controller (rear MCU) 14 sends a control signal to the inverter 60,
  • Step 5 Implement the pure electric mode via inverter 60.
  • Regenerative braking mode When the whole vehicle brakes or releases the accelerator pedal, it can enter the regenerative braking mode according to the speed of the vehicle and the driver's intention.
  • the braking energy of the four drive wheels can be recovered at the same time. That is: The braking energy is utilized as the energy source for the motor to generate electricity, which causes the motor to generate electricity and store this amount of electricity in the power battery.
  • the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 is judged according to the driver's braking depth, the vehicle speed and the battery power.
  • the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 Set the vehicle drive mode to the four-wheel regenerative braking mode. That is, the front motor 22 and the rear motor 11 are simultaneously in a power generating state, and the braking energy is converted into electric energy and stored in the power battery 30.
  • the vehicle operation process is briefly described as follows: When the key is placed in the ACC file, the vehicle controller (VMS) 50 is implemented. The self-test, and the relay associated with the vehicle controller (VMS) 50, the vehicle enters the ready-to-start state. After the driver starts the vehicle, firstly and preferentially enter the ISG driving mode. Within a certain period of time, according to the vehicle condition, the vehicle speed, the wheel speed, the driver's intention and other information, the signal of the vehicle CAN network 80 and related sensors are used by the vehicle controller. (VMS) 50 determines the vehicle operating mode. When the vehicle just starts, it enters the ISG drive mode.
  • the battery If the driver needs to accelerate rapidly, if the battery energy is greater than a certain set value, the battery enters the four-wheel drive mode or the battery power is insufficient, and the ISG drive mode is maintained. When cruising, the battery power will gradually increase. When the vehicle is running at low speed, if the battery power is sufficient, it enters the pure electric mode, that is: the rear motor 11 is driven separately, at this time, the battery power gradually decreases. When the battery power is insufficient to provide pure electric drive, the ISG drive mode is entered. When the driver brakes urgently, if the battery power is lower than a certain set value, the regenerative braking mode is entered.
  • the vehicle to which the hybrid system and the control method thereof according to the present invention are applied in addition to the above-described mechanism arrangement and corresponding function modules, also has conventional function modules such as a power detection and safety control module.
  • function modules such as a power detection and safety control module.

Description

混合动力汽车的动力系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力汽车的动力系统及其控制方法, 属于混合动力汽车制造 技术领域。 背景技术
目前的混合动力四驱系统是由混联式混合动力系统加后电机驱动系统组成, 混合 动力轿车按照能量结构形式可以分为串联式混合动力、 并联式混合动力以及混联式混 合动力。 目前产业化轿车中, 并联式混合动力以本田 CIVIC-思域为代表, 混联式混合 动力以丰田 Prius-普锐斯为代表。
目前并联式及混联式混合动力都是前置前驱的布置形式, 在动力性和通过性等方 面存在不足。 如: 申请号为 200610060052.3的发明专利申请公开文本中, 公开了一种 机动车混合动力驱动控制方法和系统, 该系统结构的前驱为传统驱动模式, 不过是增 加了后电机驱动模块; 专利号为 200710072383.3的发明专利授权公开文本中, 公开了 一种双桥液驱混合动力汽车传动系统, 其通过液压系统实现四驱。
丰田公司首先将其混联结合后电机形式用于 SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle)-多功能运 动车车辆中。 这种混联式的四驱形式, 可以实现纯电动四驱、 前驱、 后驱、 混合四驱、 再生制动等功能, 极大改善了混联式混合动力车的动力性、 驾驶性以及通过性。 但由 于混联式混合动力系统本身需要专门与之匹配的发动机、 以及特殊设计加工制造的变 速箱, 整车共有 3台大功率电机, 存在系统复杂, 控制难度大, 集成化设计、 系统匹 配方面较为复杂, 成本高等缺点。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术的不足, 提供一种混合动力汽车的 动力系统及其控制方法, 采用 ISG系统 (Integrated Starter Generator集成式起动发电 机驱动系统)和后电机驱动系统, 形成全新的四驱结构形式, 可用于 SUV轿车中; 本 发明能够达到节能减排、 提高驾驶乐趣、 简化机械结构、 减轻车重、 易于实现的目的。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种混合动力汽车的动力系统, 包括后电机驱动系统、 集成式起动发电机驱动系 统、 供电系统以及控制系统; 后电机驱动系统包括后电机、 减速器、 后差速器以及后 电机控制器, 其中的后电机、 减速器、 后差速器通过机械连接形成后驱动动力总成, 由后电机控制器进行控制, 用于单独驱动后轮; 集成式起动发电机驱动系统包括发动 机、 前电机、 变速箱、 前差速器以及前电机控制器, 其中的发动机、 前电机、 变速箱、 前差速器通过机械连接形成前舱动力总成, 该动力系统能够工作在集成式起动发电机 驱动模式、 纯电动驱动模式、 再生制动模式或者四驱模式下。
所述集成式起动发电机驱动模式是指使用集成式起动发电机驱动系统前置前驱; 所述纯电动驱动模是指由后电机驱动车辆行驶; 所述再生制动模式是指回收四个驱动 轮的制动能量; 所述四驱模式是指集成式起动发电机驱动系统与后电机系统共同驱动 车辆行驶。
进一步, 所述前电机为驱动发电一体式永磁同步电机, 设置在变速箱和发动机之 间。
进一步, 集成式起动发电机驱动模式包括发动机自动启停模式、 集成式起动发电 机辅助驱动模式、 发电模式以及前轮再生制动模式。
进一步, 后电机由后电机控制器进行控制, 前电机通过前电机控制器进行控制, 发动机由发动机控制器进行控制。后电机控制器与前电机控制器可以集成到一个单元, 也可以单独自成单元。
进一步, 供电系统包括动力电池、 逆变器和 DC-DC直流-直流变换器, 控制系统 包括电池管理系统、 整车控制器以及整车 CAN ( Controller Area Network)控制器局域 网网络。 动力电池通过动力线束与前后电机及逆变器相连, 动力电池的状态监测及管 理由电池管理系统完成; 当电池处于放电状态时, 电流由动力电池经过逆变器输送给 前、 后电机; 当动力电池处于充电状态时, 由前、 后电机通过制动能量回收或发动机 驱动前电机经逆变器后向动力电池充电, 发动机必须经过前电机才能发电。
本发明还提供了上述混合动力汽车动力系统的控制方法, 当电池电量不足或车速 高于一设定值时, 采用集成式起动发电机驱动模式, 使用集成式起动发电机驱动系统 前置前驱; 当车速较低且电量充足时, 采用纯电动驱动模式, 由后电机驱动车辆行驶; 当整车制动或松开油门踏板后, 进入再生制动模式, 同时回收四个驱动轮的制动能量; 当路况相对复杂或急加速且电池电量允许时, 进入四驱模式, 集成式起动发电机驱动 系统与后电机系统共同驱动车辆行驶。
进一步, 当车速较高且电量不足时, 集成式起动发电机驱动系统进入发电模式对 整车电池进行充电。
本发明的 ISG系统采用并联式结构, 在变速箱和发动机之间加入驱动发电一体式 永磁同步电机, 该电机具有功率密度大、 结构简单、 系统效率高、 控制精度高、 转矩 密度高、 体积小、 重量轻等许多优点, 极大的节省了空间。 且由于该结构形式对于现 有形式的发动机、 变速箱结构改变最小, 可以很容易的在多平台车上进行扩展推广, 即各平台车型在空间允许的情况下可以经过最小量的更改而进入混合动力车辆行列, 可移植性高。
本发明整车前后轮扭矩分配由整车控制器根据整车传感器进行分析计算并结合整 车状况予以分配。 该结构省去了传统四驱车中的中间传动装置, 且具有更高的驱动灵 活性, 可以减轻车重。 而且由于采用了混合动力结构, 增加的动力电池多布置于车身 后方, 因此在前后轮载荷上也更合理。
本发明既可以满足 SUV车辆对于整车动力性、通过性等的要求, 又能达到节能减 排的目的。
此外, 该系统会根据整车阻力、 车速、 轮速等信息, 合理分配制动力; 对碰撞安 全、 动力安全方面也作出特殊的安全措施, 保证车辆安全可靠高效的工作。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细地说明。 附图说明
图 1是本发明混合动力车的系统结构图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图介绍本发明在混合动力车上的应用及产生的效果。
本发明提供一种应用在四驱混合动力汽车的动力系统。 该系统主要包括后电机驱 动系统 10、 集成式起动发电机驱动系统 (ISG驱动系统) 20、 动力电池 30、 电池管理 系统 (BMS ) 40、 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50、 逆变器 60、 DC-DC直流 -直流变换器 70、 整车 CAN网络 80, 以及电动空调 90、 电动转向 100、 电动真空 110及其其他低压用 电器。 后电机驱动系统 10由后电机 11、 减速器 12、 后差速器 13、 后电机控制器 (后 MCU ) 14构成; ISG驱动系统 20由发动机 21、 前电机 22、 变速箱 23、 前差速器 24、 前电机控制器 (前 MCU) 25构成。
后电机驱动系统 10中的后电机 11、减速器 12、后差速器 13通过机械连接形成后 驱动动力总成, 后电机 11 由后电机控制器 14进行控制, 可以单独实现后轮的驱动。 ISG驱动系统 20的发动机 21、 前电机 22、 变速箱 23、 前差速器 24等附件通过机械 连接固定在一起, 成为前舱动力总成。其中前电机 22通过前电机控制器 25进行控制, 发动机 21由发动机控制器 (ECU) 26进行控制。 后电机控制器 14可以与前电机控制 器 25集成到一个机械单元, 也可以单独自成单元, 或者根据空间需求, 布置在其他适 当的位置。 ISG驱动系统 20采用并联式结构, 在变速箱 23和发动机 21之间加入作为 前电机 22 的驱动发电一体式永磁同步电机。 关于 ISG驱动系统的更多内容, 可以参 考申请号为 200510094510.0的发明专利申请公开文本, 在此全部引用该申请文件的内 容。
图 1中的动力电池 30通过动力线束与前电机 22、 后电机 11及逆变器 60相连; 动力电池 30的状态监测及管理由电池管理系统 (BMS ) 40完成; 当电池处于放电状 态时, 也即动力电池 30向外输出电力时, 电流由动力电池 30经过逆变器 60输送给前 电机 22、 后电机 11, 同时当整车用电器需要用电时由动力电池 30经 DC-DC转换器 70将动力电转换成低压电供全车使用, 并在 12V小蓄电池电量不足时, 向其充电; 当 动力电池 30处于充电状态时, 由前电机 22、后电机 11通过制动能量回收或发动机 21 驱动前电机 22经逆变器 60后向动力电池 30充电。
整车控制器(VMS )50与整车各系统控制器之间通过整车 CAN网络 80进行通讯, 对整车各系统进行总体决策与控制。 它采集并处理各输入信号, 进行逻辑判断与诊断 发出控制指令。 属于整车系统中最上层的决策者。
需要说明的是, 图 1所示的附图标记为 120的粗线表示的是机械连接, 附图标记 为 130的双细线表示的是 CAN通讯, 附图标记为 140的单细线表示的是电连接。
本系统主要包括以下几个工作模式:
1 ) ISG驱动模式: 当电池电量不足, 或车速高于某一值时, 使用 ISG系统前置前 驱。 ISG 驱动模式分为发动机自动停机模式、 辅助驱动模式、 发电模式、 两前轮再生 制动模式。
进入 ISG驱动模式的具体步骤如下:
步骤 1 : 电池管理系统(BMS ) 40监测动力电池 30的状态, 并将计算所得电池电 量传送给整车控制器 (VMS ) 50;
步骤 2: 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50将所获取的电池电量与事先设定的电量阈值进行 比较, 当电量小于该阈值时, 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50将模式信号置为 ISG驱动模式; 步骤 3 : 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50将整车运行模式置为 ISG驱动模式后, 进一步判 断, 以使整车进入 ISG驱动模式的上述某一子模式;
或者, 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50接收车速传感器信号, 并与事先设置的车速阈值进 行比较, 当车速大于该阈值时, 整车控制器(VMS ) 50将模式信号置为 ISG驱动模式; 进一步判断, 以使整车进入 ISG驱动模式的上述某一子模式。
上述步骤 3中的进一步判断及控制方式可参考申请号为 200810218025.3的发明专 利申请公开文本。
2) 纯电动驱动模式 (EV驱动模式, Electrical Vehicle): 当车速较低且电量充足 时, 优先进入该模式。 当汽车爬坡且电量充足时, 采用 EV驱动模式。 BP : 由后电机 11驱动车辆行驶。
进入纯电动驱动模式具体步骤如下:
步骤 1 : 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50接收车速传感器信号, 并与事先设置的车速阈值 进行比较; 当车速小于该阈值时, 进入步骤 2;
步骤 2: 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50将所获取的电池电量由电池管理系统 (BMS ) 40 输出与事先设定的电量阈值进行比较;
步骤 3 : 当车速小于该阈值且电量大于该阈值, 两个条件同时满足时, 整车控制 器 (VMS ) 50将模式信号置为纯电动驱动模式, 并将模式信号通过整车 CAN网络 80 输出给后电机控制器 (后 MCU) 14;
步骤 4: 后电机控制器 (后 MCU) 14发送控制信号给逆变器 60,
步骤 5 : 通过逆变器 60实现纯电动模式。
3 )再生制动模式: 当整车制动或松开油门踏板后, 可以根据车速情况及驾驶员意 图进入再生制动模式。 可以同时回收四个驱动轮的制动能量。 即: 将制动能量利用为 电机发电的能量来源, 使电机发电, 并将此电量储存到动力电池中。
整车控制器 (VMS ) 50根据驾驶员制动深度、 车速及电池电量共同判断, 当制动 扭矩需求大且车速高于设定值, 同时电池电量较低时, 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50将整车 驱动模式置为四轮再生制动模式。 即: 前电机 22、 后电机 11 同时处于发电状态, 将 制动能量转化为电能存储到动力电池 30中。
4)四驱模式: 当路况相对复杂或急加速且电池电量允许的情况下,进入四驱模式。 艮卩: ISG系统 20与后电机系统 10共同驱动车辆行驶。
整车运行过程简述如下: 当钥匙置于 ACC档时, 整车控制器 (VMS ) 50进行系 统自检, 并吸合与整车控制器 (VMS ) 50相关继电器, 整车进入准备启动状态。 驾驶 员启动车辆后, 首先且优先进入 ISG驱动模式, 一定时间内, 根据整车状况、 车速、 轮速、 驾驶员意图等信息通过整车 CAN网络 80的信号及相关传感器, 由整车控制器 ( VMS ) 50决定车辆工作模式。 车辆刚起步时进入 ISG驱动模式, 驾驶员需要急加速 时, 若电池能量大于某一设定值, 则进入四驱模式或电池电量不足, 则保持 ISG驱动 模式。 巡航时, 电池电量会逐渐增大。 整车低速行驶时, 若电池电量足够, 则进入纯 电动模式, 即: 后电机 11单独驱动, 此时电池电量逐渐下降, 当电池电量不足以提供 纯电动驱动时, 进入 ISG驱动模式。 当驾驶员紧急刹车时, 若电池电量低于某一设定 值, 则进入再生制动模式。 在低速时优先纯电动驱动, 在高速时进行全驱动或 ISG驱 动, 在制动时最大可能进行能量回收, 发动机 21 不输出扭矩, 由车轮轴向前电机 22 和 /或后电机 11输出扭矩, 前电机 22和 /或后电机 11发电, 其能量存储到动力电池 30 中, 在怠速时, 进入 ISG怠速停机模式。 最大可能的节能减排, 同时兼顾整车动力性 及通过性。
当然, 应用本发明所提供的混合动力系统及其控制方法的车辆, 除了上述的机构 设置和相应的功能模块之外, 同样具有动力检测、 安全控制模块等常规功能模块。 具 体内容参照现有技术, 在此不再赘述。
最后所应说明的是: 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制, 尽管参照较佳实施 例对本发明进行了详细说明, 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解, 可以对本发明进行修 改或者等同替换, 而不脱离本发明的精神和范围, 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范 围当中。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种混合动力汽车的动力系统, 包括后电机驱动系统、 集成式起动发电机驱动 系统、 供电系统以及控制系统, 其特征在于: 后电机驱动系统包括后电机、 减速器、 后差速器以及后电机控制器, 其中的后电机、 减速器、 后差速器通过机械连接形成后 驱动动力总成, 由后电机控制器进行控制, 用于单独驱动后轮; 集成式起动发电机驱 动系统包括发动机、 前电机、 变速箱、 前差速器以及前电机控制器, 其中的发动机、 前电机、 变速箱、 前差速器通过机械连接形成前舱动力总成, 该动力系统能够工作在 集成式起动发电机驱动模式、 纯电动驱动模式、 再生制动模式或者四驱模式下。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所述集成式起 动发电机驱动模式是指使用集成式起动发电机驱动系统前置前驱;
所述纯电动驱动模是指由后电机驱动车辆行驶;
所述再生制动模式是指回收四个驱动轮的制动能量;
所述四驱模式是指集成式起动发电机驱动系统与后电机系统共同驱动车辆行驶。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2任一项所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所 述前电机为驱动发电一体式永磁同步电机, 设置在变速箱和发动机之间。
4、 据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所述集 成式起动发电机驱动模式包括发动机驱动模式、 集成式起动发电机辅助驱动模式以及 前轮再生制动模式。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所述 后电机由后电机控制器进行控制, 前电机通过前电机控制器进行控制, 发动机由发动 机控制器进行控制。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所述后电机控 制器与前电机控制器集成在一个单元内, 或者各自单独自成单元。
7、 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所述 供电系统包括动力电池、 逆变器和 DC-DC变换器; 所述控制系统包括电池管理系统、 整车控制器以及整车 CAN网络。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的混合动力汽车的动力系统, 其特征在于: 所述动力电池 通过动力线束与前后电机及逆变器相连, 动力电池的状态监测及管理由电池管理系统 完成; 当电池处于放电状态时, 电流由动力电池经过逆变器输送给前、 后电机; 当动 力电池处于充电状态时, 由前、 后电机通过制动能量回收或发动机驱动前电机经逆变 器后向动力电池充电。
9、 一种如权利要求 1-8任一项所述的混合动力汽车动力系统的控制方法, 其特征 在于:
当电池电量不足或车速高于一设定值时, 采用集成式起动发电机驱动模式, 使用 集成式起动发电机驱动系统前置前驱;
当车速较低且电量充足时, 采用纯电动驱动模式, 由后电机驱动车辆行驶; 当整车制动或松开油门踏板后, 进入再生制动模式, 同时回收四个驱动轮的制动 能量;
当路况相对复杂或急加速且电池电量允许时, 进入四驱模式, 集成式起动发电机 驱动系统与后电机系统共同驱动车辆行驶。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述集成式起动发电机驱动 模式包括发动机驱动模式、 集成式起动发电机辅助驱动模式以及前轮再生制动模式。
11、 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的控制方法, 其特征在于: 还包括当车速较高且电 量不足时, 集成式起动发电机驱动系统进入发电模式对整车电池进行充电。
PCT/CN2009/076333 2009-04-01 2009-12-31 混合动力汽车的动力系统及其控制方法 WO2010111881A1 (zh)

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CN103448545A (zh) * 2013-09-12 2013-12-18 南京奥特佳冷机有限公司 基于轮轴发电机的车用能量回收及利用方法
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CN113415163A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-09-21 东风商用车有限公司 混合动力汽车低压供电系统、控制方法及混合动力汽车
CN113734071A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-12-03 合众新能源汽车有限公司 一种纯电动汽车降低能耗的控制方法、装置及电子设备
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CN114347800B (zh) * 2022-01-14 2023-10-03 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种分布式四驱纯增程系统及其控制方法

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