WO2010110694A1 - Плазменная печь - Google Patents
Плазменная печь Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010110694A1 WO2010110694A1 PCT/RU2010/000126 RU2010000126W WO2010110694A1 WO 2010110694 A1 WO2010110694 A1 WO 2010110694A1 RU 2010000126 W RU2010000126 W RU 2010000126W WO 2010110694 A1 WO2010110694 A1 WO 2010110694A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- chamber
- melting chamber
- microwave
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
- C21B13/125—By using plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5205—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a plasma heated furnace
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/12—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to plasma chemical metallurgy, in particular, to devices for plasma processing of powder metal-containing raw materials, for example, direct reduction of metals and obtaining ultrafine metal nanopowders and their compounds.
- a plasma furnace for direct reduction of metals which contains a cooled working chamber with a lid and a device for collecting the finished product, a charge feeder, a charge input device and means for introducing reducing gas into the working chamber , a hollow cathode mounted on a central axis with the possibility of movement, an anode combined with a collecting device, and a magnetic system (RF patent W 2007463).
- the charge and the reducing gas are introduced through the cavity of the cathode; while the wear of the cathode (usually graphite) is determined mainly by two factors: chemical - due to the partial reduction of ore due to the electrode material and thermal - due to the evaporation of the cathode material due to its uneven heating by the arc current to the cathode.
- the wear of the cathode usually graphite
- the arc burns onto cold metal frequent arc breaks occur (A. V. Smirnov.
- the closest prototype of the invention is a plasma furnace containing a melting discharge chamber with a lid, a wall and a bottom, means for collecting the finished product, means for introducing reaction gases into the working chamber, a cylindrical hollow cathode and anode mounted on the central axis of the device, means for supplying microwave energy to the discharge a chamber, an external pipe, in the cavity of which a charge introduction means is installed, made in the form of a cooled electrically conductive inner pipe, a plasma-forming gas inlet pipe on an external pipe baa, swirl the gas flow, means for electrically isolating the cathode from the anode and a magnetic system around said melting chamber (RU N ° 2315813, M. Cl. C21B 13/12, prior. 2006).
- This furnace contains a coaxial line, an outer tube, and an anode combined with the collecting means.
- the mixture is fed through the inner tube, microwave energy - through the coaxial line formed by the cathode and the outer tube.
- the main arc discharge burns between the cathode and the anode, microwave energy is supplied to it from the outside, microwave energy is introduced along the entire length of the plasma channel, but only part of it affects the area at the end of the cathode.
- a disadvantage of the known design is the limitation of the productivity of the furnace due to restrictions on the amount of electric energy introduced into the plasma.
- the technical problem solved by the proposed device is to increase the productivity of the furnace.
- the technical result is to remove restrictions on the amount of input electric energy and increase the efficiency of processing of raw materials.
- the means for exciting the microwave discharge is located outside the melting discharge chamber and creates using the swirlers a rotating plasma torch of the microwave discharge inside the cathode, and the simultaneous introduction of a rotating flow of reducing gas towards it ensures the existence of a diffuse discharge mode over the entire surface of the cathode.
- the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a plasma furnace containing a melting discharge chamber with a lid, a wall and a bottom, means for collecting the finished product, means for introducing reaction gases into the working chamber, a cylindrical hollow cathode and anode mounted on the central axis of the device, microwave supply means energy into the discharge chamber, the outer tube, in the cavity of which the charge introduction means is installed, made in the form of a cooled electrically conductive inner pipe, a plasma-forming gas inlet pipe on the outer pipe, a gas flow swirler, means for electrically isolating the cathode from the anode and a magnetic system around said melting discharge chamber, the cathode is installed in the opening of the chamber cover, means the collection is made in the form of a cylinder connected to the bottom of the aforementioned melting chamber, in which a cylindrical hollow an is fixed with an axial clearance relative to the cathode d with the possibility of movement and in which holes are made around the anode, a reducing gas inlet
- means of electrical insulation in the form of dielectric rings are introduced between the nozzle and the outer tube or between the nozzle and the cathode together with the microwave choke, as well as between the cover and the wall of the said melting chamber and / or between the bottom and the wall of the said melting chamber
- means of electrical insulation in the form of dielectric rings are introduced between the bottom of said melting chamber and the collection means, as well as between the wall and the cover of said melting chamber and microwave power supply means ergii embodied as a coaxial - waveguide junction, comprising a rectangular waveguide, the wide wall and the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the device connected to the microwave energy source and the coaxial line formed by the outer and inner tubes.
- the gap along the axis between the inner tube and the conical nozzle is about ⁇ / 2 ( ⁇ is the length of the working electromagnetic microwave wave in the microwave chamber), the cathode protrudes into the said melting chamber from its cover on a component (0.5-1) of the inner diameter of the cathode, the anode protrudes into the space of the aforementioned melting chamber to a height approximately equal to the outer diameter of the anode, the gap between the anode and cathode is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the anode, the total area of the holes in the bottom of the melting chamber around the anode less than the area of the lateral surface of the axial clearance between the anode and cathode, a device for initiating a microwave discharge is installed in the side wall of the microwave discharge chamber, the furnace is equipped with an anode moving mechanism, an inner tube, cathode, and bottom of the celled melting chamber and the walls of both of these chambers are made water-cooled, the charge feeder is connected to the inner pipe through
- a plasma furnace is a device containing two or more electrodes, between which an electric discharge is excited in a plasma-forming gas medium, controlled by gas or magnetodynamic methods, the plasma of which is used to heat the gas, melt and recover ore materials.
- Feeder - a device, usually containing a bunker with the original ore raw materials and means for feeding it at a given speed.
- the mixture is a mixture consisting of ore raw materials (ore, concentrate), alloying and refining additives.
- Coaxial - waveguide transition - a device for converting a microwave wave of a coaxial line into a microwave wave propagating in a waveguide, and vice versa.
- a coaxial line made in the form of external and internal conductors, and located perpendicular to its axis of a rectangular waveguide.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of the device.
- the plasma furnace comprises a melting discharge chamber 1 with a lid 2, a wall 3 and a bottom 4, and a microwave discharge chamber 5.
- the chamber 1 includes a cylindrical hollow anode 6, mounted on the bottom 4 with a possibility of movement, a cathode 7 mounted in the hole of the cover 2 of the chamber 1, a first gas swirl 8 on the wall 3 of the chamber 1, connected to a reducing gas inlet (not shown), openings 9 withdrawal of excess exhaust gas, openings 10 in the bottom 4 of the chamber 1 and means 11 for collecting the finished product in the form of a cylinder with a conical lower part connected to the bottom 4 of the chamber 1.
- the microwave discharge chamber 5 includes an internal metal cooled pipe 12 and an external metal pipe 13, a conical nozzle 14, means for supplying microwave energy in the form of a coaxial waveguide transition 15 with a coaxial part 16 and a rectangular waveguide 17, a porous dielectric insert 18, a first plasma-forming gas inlet 19, a second swirl 20 and a second pipe connected to it the input of a plasma-forming gas (not shown), a microwave choke 21 and a dielectric ring 22 between the nozzle 14 and the outer pipe 13.
- a solenoid 23 is installed around the chamber 1.
- the microwave discharge chamber 5 is formed by an inner tube 12, an outer tube 13, and a cone nozzle 14 fixed to the bottom of the outer tube 13.
- the cap 2, the cathode 7, the nozzle 14, and the outer tube 13 are electrically integrated.
- the nozzle 14 is electrically connected to the cathode 7, but with the help of the microwave choke 21 and the ring 22 is isolated from the outer tube 13 (or the nozzle 14 is isolated from the cathode 7), which made it possible to always use the chambers of the 5 microwave discharge at Earth potential.
- the charge introduction means is aligned with the inner tube 12.
- the gap between the tubes 12 and 13 is fixed by the dielectric insert 18, the gas permeability of which is associated with the need to prevent discharge into the waveguide by creating an overpressure relative to the pressure above the insert 18 using the first nozzle 19 of the plasma-forming gas in the area under the insert 18 created by the second input pipe plasma forming gas connected to the second swirler 20.
- the chamber 5 can be mounted on the chamber l without using a cone nozzle, and, for example, by installing an external pipe 13 on the cover 2, but in this case it is necessary to take additional measures to direct the flow of the charge and microwave plasma discharge into the cathode 7 opening.
- the commonly used device for initiating microwave discharge 24 made in the form of a metal pin, briefly inserted into the chamber 5. Electrical insulation of the walls 3 of the chamber 1 from the cover 2 can be performed using a dielectric ring 25, and from the bottom 4 - using dielectric ring 26. If necessary, the bottom 4 may be isolated from the collecting device 11 by a dielectric ring 27.
- the means for supplying microwave energy to the chamber 5 is made in the form of a coaxial waveguide transition 15 consisting of a rectangular waveguide 17 and a coaxial line 16 formed by tubes 12 and 13.
- the microwave energy can be supplied to the chamber 5 by other means , for example, not a rectangular, but a round or coaxial waveguide.
- the recommended gap between the inner tube 12 and the cone nozzle 14, which in the embodiment of the invention is about half the length of the working electromagnetic wave, is indicated as the initial one when designing the furnace and subsequent tuning of the microwave units.
- the length of this gap should be specified when tuning chamber 5 according to the criterion of minimum reflected power in order to ensure resonance in the region of the specified gap, under which there is a complete transfer of the supplied microwave energy to chamber 5. Adjustment is made before the furnace starts operation, its results are recorded and do not change further.
- the ratio according to which the cathode 7 protrudes into the said melting chamber 1 from its cover 2 by an amount of (0.5 - 1) the inner diameter of the cathode 7, the anode 6 protrudes into the space of the said melting chamber 1 to a height approximately equal to the outer diameter of the anode 6 and the gap between the anode 6 and the cathode 7 is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the anode 6, are selected experimentally.
- the magnetic field can be created by a permanent magnet, but in the proposed embodiment, a solenoid 23 is used in connection with the large size of the chamber 1.
- the device operates as follows.
- Regular voltages are set at the anode 6 and cathode 7 (in the preferred embodiment, the anode is grounded).
- microwave energy is introduced into a coaxial waveguide 16 on a TEM type wave.
- a plasma-forming gas for example, nitrogen or an argon-hydrogen mixture introduced through the pipe 19, penetrates through the porous insert 18 and moves along the axis along the gap between the pipes 12 and 13.
- the gas introduced through the second swirler 20 moves tangentially to the surfaces of the pipes 12 and 13. C using the device 24 under the insert, a microwave discharge is initiated.
- the initiation of a microwave discharge can be performed in another way (for example, by briefly touching the inner tube 12 of the cathode 7 with a reduced voltage between them, using a starting plasma torch, high-frequency breakdown, etc.), therefore, in one embodiment, the inner tube 12 is arranged to move .
- the inner tube 12 In the case of initiating a microwave discharge using a voltage supply to the pipe 12 between it and the charge feeder (not shown) must be installed an insulator, and between it and the pipe 13 - microwave choke.
- a plasma torch of a microwave discharge in a rotating stream of plasma-forming gas moves toward chamber 1.
- reducing gas is supplied to the chamber 1, an arc discharge is initiated in the gap between the anode 6 and the cathode 7 by applying a short-time high-voltage pulse between them or a high-frequency breakdown, using the possibility of moving the anode 6.
- the movement mechanism can be performed similarly to that described in patent RU N ° 1781306 or in the form of a pin on a bar.
- Arc ignition is facilitated by the presence of a microwave discharge plasma in this gap, which is introduced by centrifugal forces under the lower end of cathode 7. This is further facilitated by the rotation of the arc under the action of a magnetic field generated by the solenoid 23.
- the total area of the holes 10 in the bottom 4 of the melting chamber 1 around the anode 6 should be less than the lateral surface area of the axial clearance between the anode 6 and the cathode 7 in order to create an excess of pressure of the reducing gas supplied through the reducing gas inlet pipe and the first swirl 8 in the region between the wall 3 and electrodes (cathode 7 and anode 6) with respect to the pressure in the gap between them and in the cavity of the anode 6.
- the plasma-chemical interaction of the charge with the reducing gas is carried out under conditions of increasing gas temperature to values that ensure melting and restoration of the charge.
- the finished product (reduced metal) is collected in the collection means 11, the exhaust gases exit through the pipe 9.
- a physical effect consisting in the diffuse nature of the arc burning, in which current sampling is carried out uniformly from the entire surface of the end of the cathode 7 at a current density substantially lower than in the prototype, realized due to the fact that with the vortex nature of the movement of the plasma-forming and reducing gases in the axial magnetic field of the solenoid 26 of the microwave and arc discharge plasma is drawn under the lower end of the cathode 7. Moreover, as our experimental studies have shown, Current sampling from the end of cathode 7 is carried out without noticeable erosion of cathode 7.
- a microwave discharge in the near-cathode region of the arc discharge stabilizes the arc, since even with possible jumps of the arc observed in known devices, the microwave discharge plasma filling this region does not allow the current to cease with the main arc breaking off.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1118362.1A GB2484209B (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-23 | Plasma Furnace |
EA201171158A EA020329B1 (ru) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-23 | Плазменная печь |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2009110298 | 2009-03-24 | ||
RU2009110298/02A RU2009110298A (ru) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | Плазменная печь |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010110694A1 true WO2010110694A1 (ru) | 2010-09-30 |
Family
ID=42781227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2010/000126 WO2010110694A1 (ru) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-23 | Плазменная печь |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EA (1) | EA020329B1 (ru) |
GB (1) | GB2484209B (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2009110298A (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2010110694A1 (ru) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110463357A (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-11-15 | 爱德华兹韩国有限公司 | 等离子体产生设备和气体处理设备 |
US11985754B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2024-05-14 | Edwards Korea Ltd. | Nitrogen oxide reduction apparatus and gas treating apparatus |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2650197C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-04-11 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Твинн" | Многоступенчатый плазмотрон |
DE102020202484A1 (de) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-26 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Vorrichtung zum Schmelzen von Metallen |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3834895A (en) * | 1973-04-11 | 1974-09-10 | Park Ohio Industries Inc | Method of reclaiming iron from ferrous dust |
JPH06212228A (ja) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-08-02 | Mintek | チタンの多いスラグおよび銑鉄を産出するためのチタン鉄鉱の還元方法 |
RU67990U1 (ru) * | 2007-06-21 | 2007-11-10 | Ооо "Твинн" | Свч плазмохимический реактор |
RU2315813C1 (ru) * | 2006-04-07 | 2008-01-27 | Ооо "Твинн" | Плазменная печь для прямого восстановления металлов |
RU2007123275A (ru) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-27 | Ооо "Твинн" (Ru) | Способ прямого восстановления железа и устройство для его осуществления (варианты) |
-
2009
- 2009-03-24 RU RU2009110298/02A patent/RU2009110298A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2010
- 2010-03-23 WO PCT/RU2010/000126 patent/WO2010110694A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2010-03-23 EA EA201171158A patent/EA020329B1/ru active IP Right Revival
- 2010-03-23 GB GB1118362.1A patent/GB2484209B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3834895A (en) * | 1973-04-11 | 1974-09-10 | Park Ohio Industries Inc | Method of reclaiming iron from ferrous dust |
JPH06212228A (ja) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-08-02 | Mintek | チタンの多いスラグおよび銑鉄を産出するためのチタン鉄鉱の還元方法 |
RU2315813C1 (ru) * | 2006-04-07 | 2008-01-27 | Ооо "Твинн" | Плазменная печь для прямого восстановления металлов |
RU67990U1 (ru) * | 2007-06-21 | 2007-11-10 | Ооо "Твинн" | Свч плазмохимический реактор |
RU2007123275A (ru) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-27 | Ооо "Твинн" (Ru) | Способ прямого восстановления железа и устройство для его осуществления (варианты) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110463357A (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-11-15 | 爱德华兹韩国有限公司 | 等离子体产生设备和气体处理设备 |
CN110463357B (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2021-09-17 | 爱德华兹韩国有限公司 | 等离子体产生设备和气体处理设备 |
US11430638B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2022-08-30 | Edwards Limited | Plasma generating apparatus and gas treating apparatus |
US11985754B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2024-05-14 | Edwards Korea Ltd. | Nitrogen oxide reduction apparatus and gas treating apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA020329B1 (ru) | 2014-10-30 |
EA201171158A1 (ru) | 2012-07-30 |
GB2484209A8 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
GB201118362D0 (en) | 2011-12-07 |
RU2009110298A (ru) | 2010-09-27 |
GB2484209A (en) | 2012-04-04 |
GB2484209B (en) | 2013-08-28 |
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