WO2010103662A1 - Bouchon de mise à l'air libre - Google Patents

Bouchon de mise à l'air libre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010103662A1
WO2010103662A1 PCT/JP2009/054935 JP2009054935W WO2010103662A1 WO 2010103662 A1 WO2010103662 A1 WO 2010103662A1 JP 2009054935 W JP2009054935 W JP 2009054935W WO 2010103662 A1 WO2010103662 A1 WO 2010103662A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
fluid passage
diameter portion
breather plug
atmosphere
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/054935
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
英二 市岡
秀人 渡邉
功 佐藤
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2009/054935 priority Critical patent/WO2010103662A1/fr
Publication of WO2010103662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010103662A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K24/00—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures
    • F16K24/04—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures for venting only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breather plug that is attached to a housing such as a power transmission device mounted on a vehicle and opens the inside of the housing to the atmosphere.
  • a vehicle equipped with a driving force source such as an engine is equipped with a power transmission device (trans-askul) that transmits the driving force generated by the driving force source to driving wheels.
  • the casing (case) of the power transmission device is provided with a breather plug in order to adjust the pressure inside the casing (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the breather plug 301 of this example is a hermetic type breather plug, and is disposed above the valve seat 322, a plug main body 302 having a vent hole 321 formed at the center and a valve seat 322 formed at the upper portion.
  • the mounting portion 302a of the main body 302 is attached to the housing by screwing it into a boss hole (not shown) of the housing.
  • the breather plug 301 having such a structure, in a normal state (when the pressure in the housing is not increased), as shown in FIG. It is seated on 322 and prevents foreign matter from entering the housing from the outside.
  • the valve body 303 is removed from the valve seat 322 as shown in FIG. It has a structure in which it is separated and the inside of the housing is opened to the atmosphere.
  • the power transmission device of the hybrid vehicle has a built-in electric motor.
  • the insulation resistance may drop, and electric leakage may occur.
  • the atmospheric pressure inside the housing is detected, and when the detected atmospheric pressure is low, voltage control is performed according to the atmospheric pressure inside the housing, such as lowering the boosted voltage of the motor.
  • the valve body 322 When the hermetic breather plug shown in FIG. 11 is used for such a power transmission device, for example, the valve body 322 is opened during traveling at a high altitude where the atmospheric pressure is low, and the atmospheric pressure inside the housing is lowered. When is closed, the pressure inside the housing is kept low. And when it returns to a flat ground driving
  • An air-release type breather plug includes, for example, a housing in which one end communicates with the inside of the housing and the other end is open to the atmosphere, a valve seat provided in the fluid passage, A check ball (valve body) is provided on the atmosphere side of the valve seat and closes the fluid passage while seated on the valve seat. When the pressure inside the housing rises, the check ball rises from the valve seat The inside of the housing is open to the atmosphere through a gap between the check ball and the inner surface of the passage (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
  • a check ball is disposed in the passage.
  • Patent Document 3 a spiral member is provided in a cylindrical container having a gas inflow pipe and a gas outflow pipe, and a swirling flow of gas is generated in the container, and oil content in the gas is separated by the swirling flow.
  • An apparatus for recovery is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 4 in a blow-by gas reduction device having an oil separator chamber, a main blow-by gas intake passage having a large opening area for taking blow-by gas into the oil separator chamber and an opening area smaller than that of the main blow-by gas intake passage are disclosed. And the technique of ensuring an oil separator function is provided by providing the sub blow-by gas intake passage which produces
  • blow-by gas that has flowed into a chamber is caused to flow through an oil separation portion while passing through a connecting passage having a small cross-sectional area to increase the flow velocity, thereby generating a vortex flow of blow-by gas in the oil separation portion.
  • an apparatus for separating oil is disclosed.
  • a method of preventing leakage of oil mist by providing a porous sponge or a fiber material through which only air passes in the path to the breather plug can be considered, but in this case, a member such as a sponge or fiber material is used. Not only is it necessary extra, but clogging of sponges and fiber materials with oil is a problem.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and in a breather plug that opens the inside of the housing to the atmosphere, it is easy to prevent oil mist generated inside the housing from flowing out through the breather plug.
  • the purpose is to suppress by configuration.
  • the present invention is directed to a breather plug that is attached to a casing and opens the inside of the casing to the atmosphere.
  • the breather plug includes a housing formed with a fluid passage in which one end communicates with the inside of the housing and the other end is opened to the atmosphere.
  • the step between the two has a reverse taper shape whose diameter increases from the inside of the housing toward the atmosphere.
  • the breather plug of the present invention is used in a state in which one end of the fluid passage (end of the large-diameter portion inside the casing) is on the lower side and the other end (end on the air release side) is on the upper side.
  • a valve seat provided inside a fluid passage and a valve body (for example, a check ball) disposed so as to be seated on the valve seat from the atmosphere side, the valve
  • the fluid passage inside the housing with respect to the seat is a stepped fluid passage having a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion, and a step between the large diameter portion and the small diameter portion of the stepped fluid passage.
  • a configuration in which the portion is processed into a reverse taper shape whose diameter increases from the inside of the housing toward the atmosphere side can be given.
  • a configuration in which a spiral groove extending spirally in the axial direction can be formed on the inner peripheral surface of the fluid passage.
  • a spiral groove for example, an internal thread
  • the spiral groove is formed in this way, when the air inside the housing flows into the small diameter portion from the large diameter portion of the fluid passage when the atmosphere is released, the spiral groove on the inner peripheral surface of the small diameter portion turns. A flow is generated.
  • the oil mist in the air is blown off toward the inner peripheral surface of the small-diameter portion by this swirling flow, becomes liquid after adhering to the inner peripheral surface, and then travels along the inner peripheral surface (spiral groove) of the small-diameter portion. Fall down. Therefore, even if the oil mist enters the small diameter portion from the large diameter portion of the fluid passage, the oil mist can be separated at the small diameter portion, so that leakage of the oil mist to the outside of the housing is more effectively suppressed. be able to.
  • the end of the fluid passage inside the casing (the end of the large-diameter portion inside the casing) is tapered.
  • the end of the fluid passage may have a tapered shape whose diameter decreases as it goes from the inside of the housing toward the atmosphere, or the diameter of the end of the fluid passage increases as it goes from the inside of the housing to the atmosphere. It is good also as a reverse taper shape. If the end of the fluid passage inside the housing is tapered like this, the air flow is disturbed near the end of the fluid passage, so that oil mist flowing into the fluid passage can be reduced.
  • the breather plug of the present invention can be applied to a power transmission device (transmission, etc.) of a normal vehicle (conventional vehicle) equipped with only an engine as a driving force source in addition to the power transmission device of a hybrid vehicle. Further, the breather plug of the present invention can be applied to a housing of a differential mechanism mounted on a vehicle, for example, and can also be applied to various devices and various tanks in which oil is stored inside the housing. .
  • breather plug of the present invention oil mist generated inside the housing can be prevented from leaking outside through the breather plug with a simple configuration.
  • FIG. 2 is an XX end view of FIG. 1. It is a Y arrow line view of FIG. It is operation
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a breather plug of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an end view taken along the line XX of FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow Y in FIG.
  • the breather plug 1 of this example is attached to a casing 100 of a power transmission device mounted on a hybrid vehicle, and opens to the atmosphere inside the casing 100 and prevents air from entering into the casing 100.
  • the housing 2, the check ball 3, and the cap 4 are provided.
  • the housing 2 includes an upper housing 21, a valve housing 22, and a lower housing 23.
  • the upper housing 21 is a cylindrical member (for example, a resin member).
  • An upper fluid passage 211 is formed in the upper housing 21.
  • the upper fluid passage 211 is a circular passage having a circular cross section extending along the central axis of the upper housing 21, and penetrates the upper housing 21.
  • a communication passage 212 extending in the lateral direction communicates with an upper end portion (end portion on the atmosphere side) of the upper fluid passage 211, and the upper fluid passage 211 is opened to the atmosphere through the communication passage 212.
  • a lower end portion (an end portion on the casing 100 side) of the upper fluid passage 211 is a tapered tapered surface 211a whose diameter gradually increases toward the inside of the casing 100, and a check ball described later is provided on the tapered tapered surface 211a. When 3 contacts (seats), the upper fluid passage 211 is closed.
  • the valve housing 22 is a cylindrical member (for example, a resin member) in which a circular flange 22a is integrally formed at an upper portion.
  • a valve portion fluid passage 221 having a circular cross section is formed in the valve housing 22.
  • the valve housing 22 has a recess 22 b formed above the valve fluid passage 221.
  • the upper housing 21 is fitted into the recess 22b by press-fitting or the like, and the upper fluid passage 211 of the upper housing 21 communicates with a large-diameter portion 221a described later.
  • the valve fluid passage 221 is a stepped fluid passage having a large-diameter portion 221a on the atmosphere side and a small-diameter portion 221b on the inside of the housing 100.
  • the valve portion fluid passage 221 extends along the central axis of the valve housing 22.
  • a corner portion of the step portion 221c between the large diameter portion 221a and the small diameter portion 221b of the valve portion fluid passage 221 serves as a valve seat 222.
  • a check ball (for example, made of resin) 3 is accommodated in the large-diameter portion 221a of the valve portion fluid passage 221, and the valve portion fluid passage 221 is blocked while the check ball 3 is seated on the valve seat 222 by its own weight. Can be removed.
  • the specific gravity of the check ball 3 is smaller than the specific gravity of the oil (such as hydraulic oil) accommodated in the housing 100, and when oil enters the inside of the valve portion fluid passage 221, the check ball 3 is placed on the oil surface. 3 can float.
  • a slit groove 222a extending in the vertical direction (direction parallel to the central axis) is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the circular flange 22a of the valve housing 22.
  • the slit groove 222a is provided at a plurality of locations (for example, 12 locations) on the outer peripheral portion of the circular flange 22a.
  • a slit groove 223 for air flow is formed in the valve seat 222 (step portion 221c) of the valve housing 22, and the check ball 3 is seated on the valve seat 222 in the state where the check ball 3 is seated inside the casing 100.
  • the atmospheric pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, a small amount of outside air (air) can flow into the housing 100 through the slit groove 223.
  • the slit groove 223 for air circulation has a groove width as small as possible from the viewpoint of preventing foreign matter from entering the inside of the housing 100, but the pressure inside the housing 100 is lower than the atmospheric pressure. Then, the groove width of the slit groove 223 is determined in consideration of the point that the inside of the housing 100 returns to the atmosphere in a short time and the manufacturing requirements.
  • the lower housing 23 is a member (for example, a metal member) in which a flange (for example, a hexagonal flange) 23b is integrally formed on an upper portion of a cylindrical mounting portion 23a.
  • a lower fluid passage 231 having a circular cross section is formed in the lower housing 23.
  • a male screw 23 c is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion 23 a of the lower housing 23.
  • the lower fluid passage 231 is a stepped fluid passage having a large-diameter portion 231a inside the housing 100 and a small-diameter portion 231b located on the atmosphere side of the large-diameter portion 231a.
  • the lower fluid passage 231 extends along the central axis of the lower housing 23 and passes through the lower housing 23.
  • the inner diameter of the small-diameter portion 231b on the atmosphere side of the lower fluid passage 231 is equal to the inner diameter of the small-diameter portion 221b on the inside of the housing 100 of the valve housing 22 described above.
  • the step portion 231c between the large diameter portion 231a and the small diameter portion 231b of the lower fluid passage 231 gradually increases in diameter from the inside of the housing 100 toward the atmosphere side (valve housing 22 side). It has a reverse cone taper shape (reverse cone taper surface).
  • This configuration inverted tapered step 231c) is a feature of the present invention.
  • the lower housing 23 and the valve housing 22 described above are integrally formed by insert molding or the like, and a small-diameter portion 231b on the atmosphere side of the lower housing 23 and a small-diameter portion 221b on the inside of the housing 100 of the valve housing 22 Are communicating. Further, as described above, the valve part fluid passage 221 and the upper fluid passage 211 communicate with each other. Therefore, the lower fluid passage 231, the valve part fluid passage 221, and the upper fluid passage 211 (communication passage) are provided in the housing 2. 212 (including 212) is formed.
  • the cap 4 is a substantially cylindrical member that is open only at the bottom, and is arranged so as to cover the circular flange 22a of the upper housing 21 and the valve housing 22.
  • the cap 4 is provided with a locking claw 4a at the lower inner surface, and the locking claw 4a is locked to the circular flange 22a of the valve housing 22 to prevent the cap 4 from falling off the housing 1. Yes.
  • a gap C is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the cap 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the circular flange 22a. Furthermore, since a plurality of slit grooves 222a are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the circular flange 22a, the inside of the cap 4 is opened to the atmosphere by the gaps C and the slit grooves 222a. As a result, the upper end (communication passage 212) of the upper fluid passage 211 is opened to the atmosphere.
  • the breather plug 1 described above is configured such that the male screw 23c of the lower housing 23 is screwed into the boss hole (female screw hole) 101 of the housing 100 with the upper housing 21 as the upper side and the lower housing 23 as the lower side. Attached to. In this attached state, the lower end of the lower fluid passage 231 (the lower end of the large diameter portion 231a) communicates with the inside of the housing 100, and the upper end of the upper fluid passage 211 (the communication passage 212) is opened to the atmosphere.
  • the air inside the casing 100 flows into the large diameter portion 231a of the lower fluid passage 231, but a part thereof, that is, the air rising along the inner peripheral surface 231af of the large diameter portion 231a, As shown in FIG. 5, since it is returned to the inside of the housing 100 by the stepped portion 231c having an inverted conical taper shape between the large diameter portion 231a and the small diameter portion 231b, the air flow is disturbed, and the step portion 231c Air flow stagnation occurs in the vicinity. When the stagnation of the air flow occurs, the oil mist floating in the air falls. That is, the oil mist floating in the air rises in the large-diameter portion 231a of the lower fluid passage 231 along the air flow, but when the air flow stays, the rising energy disappears and falls by its own weight. To do.
  • the check ball 3 is separated from the valve seat 222 during traveling at a high altitude where the atmospheric pressure is low, and the pressure inside the housing 100 is lowered. Even when the air pressure inside the housing 100 becomes low after sitting on the seat 222, when returning to the flat ground, air (outside air) is passed through the slit groove 223 for air circulation formed in the valve seat 222 of the check ball 3. Since the air flows into the body 100, the state where the pressure inside the housing 100 is lower than the atmospheric pressure is not continued for a long time.
  • the oil contained in the housing 100 may rise to the breather plug 1 due to factors such as the inclination of the housing 100, for example. Even if the oil rises in this way, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper fluid passage 211 is blocked when the check ball 3 floating on the oil surface comes into contact with the conical tapered surface 211a at the lower end of the upper fluid passage 211. Since it peels off, it can prevent that oil leaks outside.
  • the dimension of the step portion 231c between the large diameter portion 231a and the small diameter portion 231b of the lower fluid passage 231 is not particularly limited, but a value (inner diameter difference / taper angle) at which the above-described air flow is likely to stay in the vicinity of the step portion 231c may be acquired and set by experiments and calculations. Good.
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the breather plug of the present invention.
  • the breather plug 1A of this example is axially formed on the inner peripheral surface 231bf of the small diameter portion 231b (inner diameter: about 3 mm, for example) of the lower fluid passage 231 and the inner peripheral surface 221bf of the small diameter portion 221b of the valve portion fluid passage 221.
  • a feature is that a spiral groove (specifically, an internal thread) 232 extending spirally is formed.
  • Other configurations are the same as those in [Embodiment 1].
  • the spiral groove 232 is formed.
  • the oil mist in the air is blown off toward the inner peripheral surfaces 231bf and 221bf of the small-diameter portions 231b and 221b by this swirl flow, adheres to the inner peripheral surfaces 231bf and 221bf and becomes liquid, and then the small-diameter portions 231b and 221b.
  • the inner peripheral surfaces 231bf and 221bf salivas to the inner peripheral surfaces 231bf and 221bf (spiral groove 232) of the first and second surfaces.
  • the small diameter portion 231b small diameter
  • the oil mist can be separated from the air in the portion 221b), so that leakage of the oil mist to the outside of the housing 100 can be more effectively suppressed.
  • the spiral groove may have a form other than the internal thread. Further, the spiral groove may be formed only on the inner peripheral surface 231bf of the small diameter portion 231b of the lower fluid passage 231.
  • a spiral groove may be formed on the inner peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 231 a of the lower fluid passage 231.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the breather plug of the present invention.
  • the lower end portion 231d (end portion inside the casing 100) of the large diameter portion 231a of the lower fluid passage 231 is moved from the inside of the casing 100 toward the atmosphere side (small diameter portion 231b side). It is characterized by a conical taper shape (conical taper surface) whose diameter gradually decreases. Other configurations are the same as those in [Embodiment 1].
  • the breather plug 1B of this example as shown in FIG. 8, the air flow is disturbed near the end of the large-diameter portion 231a of the lower fluid passage 231 on the inside of the casing 100, and a part of the air flow is generated. Since it stays, the oil mist flowing into the lower fluid passage 231 can be reduced.
  • the lower end of the large-diameter portion 231a (the end on the inside of the housing 100) has a tapered shape opposite to that in FIG. 8, that is, the diameter increases from the inside of the housing 100 toward the atmosphere (the small-diameter portion 231b side). May be formed in an inverted conical taper shape (inverted conical taper surface) that gradually increases.
  • a spiral groove 232 (internal thread) may be formed.
  • the shape of the step portion 231c between the large diameter portion 231a and the small diameter portion 231b of the lower fluid passage 231 is, for example, a conical concave shape as shown in FIG. May be.
  • valve body provided in the fluid passage of the housing is a check ball.
  • present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to breather plugs using valve bodies of other shapes.
  • the present invention is applied to the breather plug in which the check ball (valve element) is provided in the fluid passage of the housing is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the check ball (valve element) It can also be applied to an open air breather plug that does not include
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a breather plug attached to a housing of a power transmission device (such as a transmission) of a conventional vehicle.
  • the present invention can be applied to a breather plug attached to a housing of a differential mechanism mounted on a vehicle, for example.
  • the present invention is also applicable to breather plugs that are used in various devices and various tanks in which oil is stored in the housing.
  • the present invention can be used for various devices including a power transmission device mounted on a vehicle and a breather plug that opens the inside of various tanks to the atmosphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un bouchon de mise à l'air libre monté sur un carter et libérant l'intérieur du carter dans l'atmosphère, lequel bouchon de mise à l'air libre comporte un boîtier comprenant un trajet de fluide. Lorsque le bouchon de mise à l'air libre est monté sur le carter, une extrémité du trajet de fluide communique avec l'intérieur du carter et l'autre extrémité débouche dans l'atmosphère. Le trajet de fluide du boîtier comporte une section de grand diamètre communiquant avec l'intérieur du carter et une section de petit diamètre disposée sur le côté atmosphère de la section de grand diamètre et reliant la section de grand diamètre à un gradin disposé entre celles-ci. Le gradin entre la section de grand diamètre et la section de petit diamètre est formé sous une forme inversement effilée dans laquelle le diamètre augmente de l'intérieur de carter jusqu'au côté atmosphère. Un tel gradin ayant une forme inversement effilée dans le trajet de fluide produit une turbulence dans l'écoulement d'air dans le trajet de fluide, produisant une stagnation de l'écoulement d'air dans la périphérie du gradin pour amener un brouillard d'huile à chuter sous l'effet de son propre poids. Par conséquent, la fuite du brouillard d'huile vers l'extérieur est supprimée.
PCT/JP2009/054935 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Bouchon de mise à l'air libre WO2010103662A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2009/054935 WO2010103662A1 (fr) 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Bouchon de mise à l'air libre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2009/054935 WO2010103662A1 (fr) 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Bouchon de mise à l'air libre

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WO2010103662A1 true WO2010103662A1 (fr) 2010-09-16

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013029163A (ja) * 2011-07-28 2013-02-07 Toyota Motor Corp ブリーザ装置
JP2013083300A (ja) * 2011-10-07 2013-05-09 Toyota Motor Corp ブリーザプラグ
FR3035478A1 (fr) * 2015-04-24 2016-10-28 Technoboost Dispositif de purge automatique d’un circuit hydraulique comportant un clapet anti-retour tare
CN109424415A (zh) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-05 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 节流阀及使用该节流阀的发动机冷却系统、车辆

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60159281U (ja) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-23 アイシン精機株式会社 ブリ−ザ装置
JPS61124770U (fr) * 1985-01-25 1986-08-06
JPS61137158U (fr) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-26
JPS62176566U (fr) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-10
JPS6387380U (fr) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-07
JPS63171771U (fr) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-08
JPH0293577U (fr) * 1989-01-13 1990-07-25
JPH0410170U (fr) * 1990-05-15 1992-01-28

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60159281U (ja) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-23 アイシン精機株式会社 ブリ−ザ装置
JPS61124770U (fr) * 1985-01-25 1986-08-06
JPS61137158U (fr) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-26
JPS62176566U (fr) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-10
JPS6387380U (fr) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-07
JPS63171771U (fr) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-08
JPH0293577U (fr) * 1989-01-13 1990-07-25
JPH0410170U (fr) * 1990-05-15 1992-01-28

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013029163A (ja) * 2011-07-28 2013-02-07 Toyota Motor Corp ブリーザ装置
JP2013083300A (ja) * 2011-10-07 2013-05-09 Toyota Motor Corp ブリーザプラグ
FR3035478A1 (fr) * 2015-04-24 2016-10-28 Technoboost Dispositif de purge automatique d’un circuit hydraulique comportant un clapet anti-retour tare
CN109424415A (zh) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-05 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 节流阀及使用该节流阀的发动机冷却系统、车辆

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