Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/0075—Nozzle arrangements in gas streams
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
  • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
  • F02C6/06—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
  • F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
  • F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for improving the ability to spray various fluids and in particular water, by air blast effect, for applications intended mainly in the field of civil protection, but also the protection of the environment and agriculture.
• the technique is based first of all, on the idea of spraying the fluid through one or injectors generally disposed in a ring and placed on the periphery and in the air flow created by a more or less powerful fan, so that the droplets that result are sufficiently fine to mix with the breath of air that carries them.
• the techniques generally used are hydromechanical techniques and to create the breath of air, the principle generally employed, is that of ducted fans that create more or less significant air flows under very low pressure conditions.
• the technique of spraying the fluid is mainly based on the effect of mechanical splitting which is created at the nozzle by the effect of the pressure that is exerted at the inlet of the nozzle on the fluid and which also depends on the geometry of the through hole. The higher the flow, the greater the effort required to ensure passage. This translates into motor power requirements of the pumps and the difficulties of ensuring proper operation at high pressures for consistent flow rates.
• the technique of mixing the air and the fluid is generally the most trivial and consists of distributing the spray nozzles of the fluid at the periphery of the hull as much as possible in the ejected air flow so as to harmonize the flow of fluid ejected and let this airflow mainly ensure this mixing function.
• the present invention aims to: Firstly, to improve the spraying conditions so as to obtain a fractionation of the fluid into sufficiently fine droplets with less need for hydraulic power.
• the device according to the invention makes it possible to respond to the various objectives sought which bring to the current state of the art of projection of fluids by air blast effect, a consequent improvement.
• a high-flow compressed air flow generator powered by ambient air and comprising a fan driven by a motor or a turbine engine integrated in a central body supplied with primary compressed air, and a fairing creating an aerodynamic vein of secondary compressed air around the central body. At least one nozzle for the connection of compressed air connected to the secondary air stream is provided.
• a fluid for agriculture will be a useful fluid to this field, such as fertilizer, weed, phytosanitary type.
• An engine comprising a secondary air stream around a primary air stream and provided with such a fluid projection device is also concerned.
• The is also a double flow reactor powered by ambient air and comprising a compressed secondary air stream located around a central body supplied with primary compressed air and a fan driven by a motor or a turbine engine integrated in said body.
• this reactor being equipped with a device for projecting a fluid to be sprayed by air blast effect, this device itself being provided with one or more premix chambers comprising a quilting nozzle of compressed air connected to said secondary air stream and supplied with said fluid to be sprayed so as to spray and premix this fluid with the compressed compressed air, before diffusing the mixture outside, through cones of ejection, by the effect of the breath of air created.
• the low pressure air flow generator powered by the ambient air 6, whose function is to create a high-speed compressed air blast in an aerodynamic stream, will include the rotating fan 1 at high speed by the effect of the engine or turbine engine 17 integrated in the central body 2 and associated with fixed or mobile flow rectifiers 3 which are intended to ensure evacuation of the air flow without gyration and an external peripheral fairing 4 creating an aerodynamic vein 5 with respect to the central body 2.
• this air flow generator be dimensioned such that in nominal operation, the air pressure at the outlet of the secondary air stream 5 under pressure, created by the rotation of the fan, is at less than 15% less than the inlet pressure at 6 (which is the air pressure of the air under operating conditions).
• the invention proposes to mount a fluid projection device 20 by the effect of the gaseous breath created.
• the supply 9 of fluid to be sprayed will be connected to a source 21 of a fluid intended for civil protection, for the protection or decontamination of the environment, or for agriculture.
• the device 20 comprises at minus a nozzle 8 of compressed air stitching connected to the secondary air stream 5 of the air flow generator.
• one or more pre-mixing chambers 7 will be arranged towards the outlet of the aerodynamic stream with the function of ensuring the spraying and the premixing air / fluid.
• Each chamber is supplied with compressed air by stitching (in 8) the flow with a nozzle placed in and towards the outlet of the aerodynamic vein 5. It is recommended that the / each chamber be in overpressure with respect to the ambient air of at least 15% in nominal operation.
• Each chamber is supplied with fluid via a conduit 9 at the end of which is fixed a restricting nozzle (10) which opens into an aerodynamic swirl (Swirler) 11 intended to complete the spraying of the fluid and to ensure the mixing tapping air to the fluid sprayed by the nozzle so that the mixture ejects through a cone 12 which opens to the air in the air blast 13.
• a restricting nozzle 10
• an aerodynamic swirl Swirler
• the properties of the aerodynamic swirlers (Swirler) 11 are known whose function is to complete the spraying of the fluid, which is first of all hydro-mechanically supplied by the nozzle 10 because of the pressure that is applied to the fluid in the duct 9.
• the operating principle is based on the effect of the compressed air contained in the chamber 7 which is stung by a nozzle in the aerodynamic vein 8 and which discharges outwards through two annular ducts with oriented slots 14 and 15.
• the air masses put in motion contrary, around the fluid sprayed by the nozzle, have two effects conjugates: a shearing effect that further breaks the droplets and affine and an aerodynamic effect that achieves in the ejection cone (12) an air / fluid premix that will further promote the final mixture.
• one of the characteristics according to the invention is to make sure that the generator of air flow in the vein aerodynamic provides a high performance pressure, which should favorably be at least 15% higher than the external pressure of the ambient air in nominal operation.
• a characteristic according to the invention is that of being able to obtain, at a given pressure of the aerodynamic stream, finer droplets than those usually obtained in a conventional assembly with the pressure of the fluid generally applied or vice versa in the same pressure conditions of the aerodynamic stream, to obtain the size of the usual droplets with a fluid pressure much lower than the pressure generally applied therefore requiring less hydraulic power to achieve it.
• Another feature, according to the invention is to promote the final mixture in a significant manner thus allowing the blast effect to carry more closely and further the fluid droplets.
• FIG. 1 shows in section and flat, the complete assembly of the device according to the invention. It contains the essential elements that are: the central body 2, the blower (or compressor low pressure)
• FIG. 2 represents in section and in space and in detail the device of an aerodynamic injector with its nozzle and its swirl (Swirler) placed in a premix chamber, 7.
• This figure details and makes it possible to illustrate the principle of shearing and mixing, which causes the movement of compressed air that escapes in the open air, around the spray of the fluid created by the nozzle.
• Figure 3 shows in section and in space an embodiment from a double flow reactor.
• the secondary vein of a double flow reactor represents the ideal vein in overpressure for the outlet, the pre-mixing chambers equipped with their cones that bite part of the flow of the secondary vein and eject the sprayed and premixed fluid in the breath resulting from the main flow of the secondary vein.
• the difficulty of realization of the device according to the invention resides above all in the capacity to ensure in the aerodynamic vein, a sufficient pressure and a good directivity of a high flow of air flow, for the proper functioning of the chambers of pre-mixture which are supplied with compressed air by quilting at the outlet of the vein.
• the low pressure air generator adopts the traditional architecture of a double flow reactor and consists of a central body 2 which supports a hull 4 thus creating a carefully drawn aerodynamic stream and sized in accordance with Aerodynamic rules 5.
• a turbine engine In the central body, in the rear part 17 is installed a turbine engine. This turbine engine is connected by the mechanical devices to a fan 1 placed in front of the central body, which has blades aerodynamically adapted shape and which rotates at high speed in the general axis of the assembly. The air blast created by the rotation of the blower is called the main flow.
• the main flow at the outlet of the fan is brought to a pressure greater than the air inlet pressure 6, which is at atmospheric pressure, of at least 15% and undergoes a rise of temperature of a few tens of degrees compared to the inlet temperature.
• a grid of fixed or movable slats in the main stream 3 Downstream of the fan and at a suitable distance is arranged a grid of fixed or movable slats in the main stream 3, these slats have carefully adapted aerodynamic profiles and have a function of flow rectifier.
• the main flow at the outlet of the blower has indeed a gyration movement in the axis of the vein that should counteract.
• the rectifier grid has the effect of reducing the main flow in the axis of the vein, thus ensuring a directional and laminar air blast, without greatly affecting the pressure or the general speed of the main flow produced by the blower .
• an annular air inlet which takes a part of the main air flow to supply the operation of the turbine engine 18, the air which is directed into this air intake is called primary air.
• the remaining air is directed towards the ejection and is called secondary air and the vein which leads it is called secondary vein, it generally represents 40 to 80% of the main flow and is ejected at speeds of the order of 150 to 250 m / s.
• the conditions that are established in the secondary vein, at rated speed, in terms of pressure total flux, temperature and directivity, are those that are suitable for the proper operation of premix chambers.
• the quilting nozzles of the premix chambers are arranged in the secondary flow at the right and at the outlet of the vein 8, so that they do not interfere with the ejection of the residual secondary flow, which can represent up to 80% of the total secondary flow and which is once ejected in the open air breath of air that dilutes and diffuses the fluid droplets.
• the exhaust gases of the turbine engine will be ejected by a nozzle located in the rear part of the central body, concentric and the heart of the residual secondary flow 19.
• these gases lose very quickly their speed and especially their temperature and if they represent less than 30% of the mass of air ejected, they will not significantly affect the diffusion of the droplets carried by the air blast but will instead promote the general speed of air blast and improve range distance.
• the device according to the invention is particularly intended for applications in the field of civil protection, but also the protection of the environment and agriculture.
• the swirlers 11 placed at the inlet of the mixing chamber 7/12 make it possible to shear the projected fluid in order to create very fine drops of fluid to be sprayed and to create an intimate mixture between this fluid and the fluid. air, before projecting this mixture in the main air flow 13.
• the fluid to be sprayed water for example
• the first time ensures a fine shear of the drops and their intimate mixture to the This has the effect, in a second step, of rendering particularly efficient the distribution of these drops in an intimate mixture with the air in the main stream.
• Figures 3,4 shows that several nozzles 8 secondary air branching are favorably distributed circumferentially in the annular stream of compressed secondary air 5.
• the supply 9 of the / each nozzle 8 of stitching is connected to a source 21 of fluid to be sprayed.
• a common source is possible. It is understood that the source 21 will contain an appropriate amount of fluid intended for civil protection, protection or decontamination of the environment, or agriculture.
• Figure 6 shows that it comprises the means typically useful for the operation of the engine or turbine engine 18 blower.
• this central body is internally supplied with compressed air by stitching at 22 to channel a flow of primary air towards the central annular combustion zone 24.
• a plurality of connections 22 are provided, downstream of the rectifiers 3, engaged in the vein 5.
• the flue gases are discharged downstream by the central nozzle 30. They participate in creating the gas stream 13.
• the central motor shaft 26 connects the rotating fan 1, upstream, to the turbine part 32, located further downstream (Always in relation to the overall direction of flow of air between the inlet E and the outlet S) with, in between, the air compressor portion 34 located upstream of the combustion zone.
• Parts 32, 34 comprise several stages respectively of turbines and compressors.
• both the central body 2 and the pre-mixing chambers 7 and their nozzles or cones 12 extend downstream of the outlet 36, so further behind.
• these cones 12 will be located favorably around the upstream portion 30a of the nozzle 30, so around the bulging rear portion 2b of the peripheral wall of the central body 2.
• the fluid projection device 20 comprises one or more satellites. Each of them encloses said one or more pre-mixing chambers 7 and is arranged around the fairing 4 of the secondary air stream 5.
• each pre-mixing chamber 7 continues at the rear by the diffuser 12.
• the invention is also characteristic in that it relates to a method for projecting a fluid, in which this fluid is mixed with compressed air, before diffusing the mixing by the effect of the created air-blast, with the particular features that: the air-blast is created by a double flow reactor supplied with ambient air and comprising a stream of compressed secondary air;
• the compressed air will preferably be stitched into said secondary air stream 5 and supplied to the device with fluid to be sprayed 9, thus providing the or said pre-mixing chambers 7 satellite (s) around the fairing 4.
• the device will find its use, in particular, in fire-fighting applications both for extinguishing the fire but also for protecting or cooling, in applications for the protection of the environment. environment for protection or decontamination actions or simply in agricultural applications for watering or application of plant protection products.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Nozzles (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-13 FR FR0901164A patent/FR2942976B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-03-09 US US13/256,062 patent/US20120060465A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-03-09 EP EP10714933.8A patent/EP2406012B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2010-03-09 CA CA2754014A patent/CA2754014A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-03-09 JP JP2011553493A patent/JP5497803B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-03-09 CN CN201080011836.1A patent/CN102348510B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-03-09 BR BRPI1009108A patent/BRPI1009108A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-03-09 WO PCT/FR2010/050401 patent/WO2010103229A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-03-09 RU RU2011141494/05A patent/RU2510296C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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