WO2010094282A2

WO2010094282A2 - Heating or cooling installation and method for operating a heating or cooling installation

Info

Publication number: WO2010094282A2
Application number: PCT/DE2010/075017
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Georg Baunach
Original assignee: Hans-Georg Baunach
Priority date: 2009-02-18
Filing date: 2010-02-18
Publication date: 2010-08-26
Also published as: AT517246B1; AT517246A5; WO2010094282A3; DE112010000424A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating or cooling installation and to a method for the operation thereof. In a heating or cooling installation according to the invention, which comprises a heat/cold generating unit having at least one heat/cold generator (2a - 2n) and a consumer unit comprising at least one mixing circuit (10a - 10m), a distribution unit (8, 9) comprises a pre-flow chamber (51, 82) transporting the pre-flow of the heat/cold generating unit to the at least one mixing circuit (10a - 10m) and a first return chamber (52, 83, 84) receiving the return flow of the at least one mixing circuit (10a - 10m), characterized in that the at least one mixing circuit (10a - 10m) can be fed in a controlled manner via in each case a mixing device (11a - 11m) from the pre-flow chamber (51, 82) and the first return chamber (52, 83, 84), and a hydraulic switching means (17, 60, 72) is provided behind the consumer unit for the complete hydraulic decoupling of the heat/cold generating unit and the consumer unit when seen in the direction of flow of the pre-flow in the distribution unit (8, 9). The special arrangement of the hydraulic switching means (17, 60, 72) with respect to the distribution unit allows using the return with considerably increased efficiency.

Description

Patent application

Heating or cooling system and method for operating a heating or

cooling system

Description:

The invention relates to a heating or cooling system and a method for operating a heating or cooling system.

Heating systems are known which have a heat generator unit consisting of at least one heat generator and a consumer unit consisting of at least one mixer circuit, wherein the heat generator unit and consumer unit are completely hydraulically decoupled from each other via a hydraulic switch. It is further known to provide a supply and a return having distributor unit with at least two chambers, wherein the at least one mixer circuit via a respective mixing device controllable from the flow and the return of the distribution unit can be fed.

The remarks made here for heating systems also apply to cooling systems in an equivalent way. The invention concerned therefore relates both to heating systems and cooling systems. In the case of cooling, heat generators replace refrigerators and heat sinks become cold sinks. Where in the case of heating energy is applied to generate heat, it is needed in the case of the cooling system for cooling. If differences in temperature play a role, the figures "warmer" and "colder" are exchanged in the comparison between the heating system and the cooling system. In the case of the use of a buffer memory, due to the gravitational temperature stratification with respect to the buffer connections, the information "top" and "bottom" is exchanged in the comparison between the heating system and the cooling system. With this proviso, the following, for the purpose of Clarity on the case of heating limited representation can be easily transferred to the case of cooling.

Due to their technical necessity in certain heating systems, it has been accepted to date that the hydraulic switch can significantly increase the return temperature to the heat generators and thus permanently impair the efficiency of the overall system. The installation of a hydraulic switch is e.g. common in such modern heating systems, have the wall heaters with built-circulation pumps. Such wall heaters are often interconnected to increase performance in cascades of several individual devices. The hydraulic switch is usually connected between the heat generator cascade and the consumer unit.

For heating systems, in particular for those with condensing boiler or regenerative heat generator of any kind in conjunction with buffer storage, however, a low return temperature is of crucial importance for the efficiency of the overall system. This invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device which decouples the flow rates, without raising the return temperature to the heat generators.

The invention is achieved in a heating system with the features of claim 1. In a method for operating a heating system, the invention with the features of claim 17 is achieved. Advantageous embodiments of the heating system according to the invention and the method according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the return flow past the consumer unit after the heating medium has passed the hydraulic switch. Since the mixer circuits are also fed from the return if necessary, the heating medium in the return is used and thus the return further cooled. The hydraulic switch can also be part of an open module, which in turn can represent a consumer, for example, a mixed or unmixed heating circuit or a heat exchanger, eg for drinking water. A consumer in the form of an open assembly, at the same time the function of hydraulic switch assumes, is not part of the consumer unit mentioned in the claims.

The cooling down of the return also has advantages in relation to the operation of heating systems with buffer memory. Buffers can absorb and release heat much more effectively when heat is removed at the lowest possible temperature level. It is particularly advantageous if the strong modulation width of wall unit cascades is used in order to heat up missing heat during removal without storing it in the buffer. Thus, the inventive method and device according to the invention are advantageous in embodiments in which the heating medium is removed from the buffer memory at the lowest possible temperature level and reheated by a Wandgerätekaskade to the respective required level. This is done with the lowest possible return temperature, so that the buffer memory remains hot as long as possible while it is down as quickly as possible cold.

The mixer circuits of the consumer unit each comprise a mixing device, as is known from DE 198 21 256 C1, the disclosure content of which is fully incorporated here, in particular the disclosure content with respect to the mixing device. DE 198 21 256 C1 discloses a heating system with a high-temperature circuit and a low-temperature mixer circuit and a method for its operation with return utilization. By means of a mixing device consisting of a four-way valve or an assembly with two three-way valves, the low temperature mixer circuit is controlled either alone from the flow of the heat generator (full load), from the flow of the heat generator and the return of the high temperature circuit (heavy load) or alone supplied by the return of the high-temperature circuit in case of need with the addition of the return of the low-temperature mixer circuit (load limit and low load). The control of the mixing device requires both in the case of the four-way mixing valve and in the case of two three-way mixing valves only a single controlled variable, for example, the flow temperature of the mixer circuit. In the present invention, the known from the aforementioned publication mixing device is used to the flow of the mixer circuit with the heating medium controlled either alone from the flow chamber (full load), or both from the flow chamber and from the (first) return chamber (heavy load) or solely from the (first) return chamber (limit load) as needed mixed with the own return of the mixer circuit (low load) to feed.

In the following, examples of advantageous embodiments of the heating system according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for operating a heating system will be presented on the basis of figures.

It shows

1 shows a heating system with a cascade consisting of n heat generators, m mixer circuits, a hydraulic separator and a two-chamber distributor,

2 shows a heating system according to FIG. 1, wherein the hydraulic separator is part of an unmixed heating circuit, FIG.

3 shows a heating system similar to FIG. 1, the hydraulic separator being part of a heat exchanger for heating drinking water, FIG.

4 shows a heating system with a cascade consisting of n heat generators, m mixer circuits, a hydraulic separator, a buffer storage and a three-chamber distributor,

5: a heating system similar to FIG. 4, wherein the hydraulic separator is part of a non-mixed heating circuit,

Fig. 6: a heating system similar to FIG. 4, wherein the hydraulic switch is part of a heat exchanger for DHW heating, and

Fig. 7: an open mixed heating circuit. Fig. 1 shows a heating system 1 consisting of a cascade of n parallel connected heat generators 2a - 2n, a two-chamber manifold 8 and m mixer circuits 10a - 10m. Each heat generator 2a-2n has a burner 3a-3n, a circulation pump 4a-4n with a backflow preventer 5a-5n, and a flow temperature sensor 6a-6n. In the drawing, the reference numerals are usually given only in relation to one of several identical or similar equipment, here heat generator and mixer circuits. The same symbols in the figures also mean the same elements in the affected equipment. At least one of the heat generators, in the example of FIG. 1, the heat generator 2a has a changeover valve 7, here placed for example in the appliance return, the heat generated either in heating parallel to the other heat generators 2b - 2n of the cascade the Zweikammerverteiler 8 or hot water preparation operation the heat exchanger 24th a drinking water storage tank 23 supplies. At the drinking water storage 23 is a storage sensor 25, which measures the drinking water temperature. If the measured drinking water temperature falls below the set nominal value, then the heat generator 2a is switched over from the heating mode to the hot water preparation mode. The changeover valve 7 supplies the heat to the heat exchanger 24 and the burner 3a and the circulation pump 4a are guided to setpoint values set for hot water preparation.

Each of the m mixer circuits 10a - 10m has an assembly consisting of a mixing device 1 1 a - 1 1 m with not shown here associated actuator, a circulating pump 12a - 12m and a flow sensor 13a - 13m, the mixing device via three ports 14a - 14m, 15a-15m and 16a-16m is connected to the two-chamber manifold 8. In this case, the connection 14a-14m are connected to the supply chamber 51 of the two-chamber distributor 8 and the two connections 15a-15m and 16a-16m to the return chamber 52, the removal connection 15a-15m being upstream of the supply connection 16a-16m.

The mixing device 1 1 a - 1 1 m supplies the associated mixer circuit 10a - 10m either alone with hot supply water via the connection 14a - 14m or with a mixture of hot supply water via the connection 14a - 14m and warm return water via the connection 15a - 15m or only with warm return water over the connection 15a - 15m if necessary mixed with cold Return water of the mixer circuit 10a - 10m itself, wherein the not required for mixing part of the return water via the terminal 16a - 16m the return chamber 52 of the two-chamber distributor 8 is supplied. By way of the connection between the two connections 15a-15m and 16a-16m in the return chamber 52 of the two-chamber distributor 8, a quantity compensation takes place in any direction, so that the removal of the mixer circuit 10a-10m is completely hydraulically decoupled.

The mixer circuits 10a-10m are arranged with respect to the temperature requirement with a temperature gradient on the two-chamber distributor 8. That is, the temperature requirement of a mixer circuit, z. B. the mixer circuit 10c, which is closer to the heat generators 2a - 2n in the course of the two-chamber manifold 8 as another mixer circuit, e.g. 10d, at most as high or lower than that of the other mixer circuit 10d. The order of arrangement can be determined by the design temperatures of the heating circuits 10a-10m involved. First, the flow temperature according to design temperature is relevant. D. h the flow temperature of a mixer circuit, z. B. the mixer circuit 10c, which is closer to the heat generators 2a - 2n in the course of the two-chamber manifold 8 as another mixer circuit, e.g. 10d, is at most as high or lower than that of the other mixer circuit 10d. At the same flow temperatures, the respective return temperature is decisive.

The supply of a mixer circuit 10a - 10m from the return of the two-chamber distributor 8 leads to the so-called return use. In conjunction with the required arrangement of the mixer circuits 10a-10m corresponding to a temperature gradient in the direction of heat generators 2a-2n, starting with the outermost mixer circuit 10m from mixer circuit to mixer circuit, the mixer generators 2a-2n closest to the mixer circuit 10a provide a continuous lowering of the return temperature with a corresponding increase in efficiency. In order to hydraulically decouple the cascade of the n parallel-connected heat generators 2a-2n from the m mixer circuits 10a-10m, the two chambers 51 and 52 of the two-chamber distributor 8 are replaced by a location furthest from the connection of the heat generator hydraulic switch 17 interconnected. At this is the switch temperature sensor 20th

All temperature sensors 6, 13, 20, 22, 25 and circulating pumps 4, 12 burners 3 and not shown separately actuators of the mixing devices 1 1 and heat generator 2 are connected via dashed lines in the figures shown signal or control lines with a weather-compensated cascade controller 21. This calculates the weather-dependent setpoint values of the temperatures of the individual mixer circuits 10a-10m from the outside temperature measured by an outside sensor 22, compares them with the values measured by the temperature sensors 13a-13m of the mixer circuits 10a-10m and controls the control deviation according to the actuators of FIG Mixing devices 1 1 a - 1 1 m, eg via three-point signals (on-stop-to), as disclosed in DE 19821 256 C1. This results in a total heat loss with a value pair volume flow and flow return temperature difference (Q, ΔT). The cascade controller is to activate the minimum number of heat generators 2a-2n needed to supply the acute power demand, both the burners 3a-3n and the circulation pumps 4a-4n of the non-activated heat generators 2a-2n being switched off; the backflow preventer 5a - 5n prevent a backflow of heating water.

The active heat generators 2a-2n generate the flow temperature which corresponds to the maximum of the setpoint values of all mixer circuits 10a-1 On. In order to determine how much power is required in total or how many heat generators have to be activated, the temperature of the soft-room sensor 20 is compared with the flow temperatures of the active heat generators 2a-2n: Is the temperature of the soft-bulb sensor 20 the same as the temperature of the temperature sensors 6a 6n of the activated heat generators 2a-2n, an excess of heating water flows from the flow chamber 51 of the two-chamber distributor 8 into the return chamber 52, which means that sufficient power is provided. However, if the temperature is lower, colder heating water flows from the return chamber 52 into the flow chamber 51, which means that too little power is generated. This corresponds to the control behavior of the cascade controller for conventional turnout temperature sensors, in which the switch between the heat generator and the consumer is mounted. Thus, the known regulations of heat generator cascades can be used.

The advantage of the method described here or of the device described here, however, lies in the fact that the hot heating water passing over the switch 17 from the flow chamber 51 into the return flow chamber 52 is strongly cooled by the return use of the mixer circuits 10a-10m before it again in the cascade of the heat generator 2a - 2n passes. As a result, the cascade is operated at the same power with lower return temperature and higher efficiency. As a result of the greater ΔT associated therewith, the circulating pumps 4a-4n of the heat generators 2a-2n can also transport the same heat output with a smaller volume flow and thus lower electrical power consumption and mechanical wear. The advantage of the invention thus lies in a much more efficient operation of components that are already technically available today.

Fig. 2 shows a second variant of the multi-circuit system according to the invention with Wandgerätekaskade. Elements of this variant as well as further variants to be explained later that correspond to the heating system 1 of FIG. 1 are given corresponding reference numerals. If these elements are not explained again in the variants, reference is made to the description of FIG. In FIG. 2 as well as in the further FIGS. 3 to 6, the backflow preventers 5n in FIG. 1 are missing in the illustration of the heat generators 2a-2n. However, in each embodiment, each heat generator 2a-2n should each have a backflow preventer corresponding to FIG , which also serves as a gravity brake.

The heating system according to FIG. 2 contains an additional high-temperature heating circuit 60, which is unmixed and whose flow is controlled by a thermostatic valve 36. It does not contain its own circulating pump and is fed directly by the circulating pumps 4a-4n of the heat generators 2a-2n. The differential pressure in the high-temperature circuit 60 is kept constant by an open differential pressure overflow valve 18. Under an open differential pressure relief valve 18 is an assembly with anti-parallel circuit of a common Differential pressure relief valve and a backflow preventer understood. In this case, an excess of the flow came mer 51 to the return chamber 52 of the two-chamber manifold 8 via the differential pressure relief valve of the assembly 18, which independent of the height of the flow differential pressure of typically about 200 to 250mbar and 2 to 2.5mWS generated and thus the high-temperature heating circuit 60 stably powered. However, if there is a lack of water, it passes through the antiparallel-connected non-return valve of the open differential pressure spill valve 18 from the return chamber 52 to the flow chamber 51 of the two-chamber manifold 8. The high-temperature heating circuit 60 takes over the function of the hydraulic switch between the heat generators 2a - 2n existing Heat generator unit and the mixer circuits 10a - 10m.

The switch temperature sensor 20 is located between the supply chamber connection 34 of the high-temperature heating circuit 60 and the open differential pressure overflow valve 18, ie the anti-parallel connection of the ordinary differential pressure overflow valve and the backflow preventer. At this point it acts in the manner described on the cascade controller: Overflowing hot flow water signals sufficient Leistungsbreitstellung and guaranteed to supply the unmixed Hochtemperaturheizkreises 60, sufficient pressure drop at the overflow, while returning colder return water signals a lack of power. Thus, the cascade controller 21 detects when sufficient and when too little power is provided. The flow temperature of the heat generator cascade 2a - 2n corresponds to the flow temperature of acting as a hydraulic switch and simultaneously acting as a consumer unmixed high-temperature circuit 60th

Again, at least one of the heat generator (in Figure 1, the heat generator 2a) has a switching valve 7, placed here, for example, in the device flow, the heat generated either in heating parallel to the other heat generators 2b - 2n of the cascade the two-chamber manifold 8 or im

Hot water preparation operation the heat exchanger 24 a drinking water storage tank 23 supplies. At the drinking water storage 23 is the storage sensor 25, which measures the drinking water temperature. Below the measured drinking water temperature the set value, the corresponding heat generator 2a is converted from the heating mode in the hot water preparation operation: The switching valve 7 supplies the heat to the heat exchanger 24 and burner 3a and circulating pump 4a are set to a set for hot water setpoint.

Instead of the unmixed high-temperature heating circuit 60, a mixed high-temperature heating circuit 90, as shown in FIG. 7, can also be used in a heating system according to FIG. 2. The high-temperature circuit 90 is then connected to the flow chamber 51 via the flow chamber connection 34 and to the return flow chamber 52 of the distribution unit 8 via the return flow chamber connection 35. The high temperature circuit 90 has a circulation pump 91 and a three-way mixing valve 92, so that the own return can be added to the flow of the high-temperature circuit 90 controllable. Furthermore, below the three-way mixing valve 92, an open connection piece 93 is provided between supply and return, whereby the high-temperature circuit 90 becomes the open assembly, which fulfills the function of the hydraulic separator. The switch temperature sensor 20 is disposed below the connector 93 and performs the same function as the switch temperature sensor in all other embodiments of the invention shown here.

Fig. 3 shows a third variant of the multi-circuit system according to the invention with a cascade of heat generators 2a - 2n, for example in the form of wall devices. It comprises a water heater in the form of a drinking water storage tank 23, in which a heat exchanger 24 is provided. The drinking water storage 23 is part of an open assembly 72, which serves as a hydraulic switch for the entire system. The assembly 72 includes a switching valve 19, which releases the supply of the heat exchanger 24 when needed. As soon as the drinking water temperature measured by a storage sensor 25 falls below the required value, the set value of the cascade of the heat generators 2a-2n is increased to the value set for hot water preparation and the switching valve 19 is opened to the heat exchanger 24 of the drinking water storage tank 23. The switch temperature sensor 20 ensures in both positions of the changeover valve 19 that the cascade controller 21 provides sufficient power from the heat generators 2a-2n. Alternatively to the switching valve 19 can also be a temperature-dependent throttling of the flow be used by the heat exchanger 24, for example in the form of a thermostatic valve, not shown here. The throttling can be done depending on the storage tank temperature or the return temperature. If the heat exchanger 24 used elsewhere, other temperatures may be relevant, for example, the room temperature or the outlet temperature of a fan.

Common to all three heating systems described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 is the flow through the flow chamber 51 forced by the heat generators 2a-2n and the flow through the assemblies 17 (FIG. 1), 60 (FIG. 2) and 72 (FIG. 3). always open connection between the flow chamber 51 and return chamber 52, which decoupled as a hydraulic switch the amount of water supplied from the discharged. However, overflowing hot flow water does not pass directly into the return of the heat generator 2a - 2n, but is cooled gradually over the arranged in a temperature gradient towards heat generator 2a - 2n mixer circuits 10a - 10m, so that the decoupling does not lead to a deterioration in efficiency due to high Return temperatures leads.

4 shows a heating system which includes a solar system, to which only a solar system circulating pump 28 and symbolically solar collectors 29 are shown, and a buffer memory 26. In this case, the solar heat - as shown here - can be transmitted via a tube bundle heat exchanger 75 located in the buffer memory 26. It could also be used here not shown external heat exchanger with secondary circulation pump. Furthermore, the heating water from the buffer memory 26 could be performed directly in the solar panels 29. Similarly, instead of the solar system, another regenerative heat source not shown here (biomass combustion, combined heat and power, heat pump) could be used. Characteristic of regenerative heat sources are their low controllability and / or their low flow temperatures. Both lead to the need firstly the storage of regeneratively recovered heat, the buffer memory 26 should be able to absorb heat at the lowest possible temperature level, and secondly the Nachheizbarkeit with well controllable heat generators 2a - 2n, such as wall unit cascades. The buffer memory 26 has four ports 76 - 79. For hot water, a drinking water storage 23 is integrated into the buffer memory 26. At least one of the heat generators 2 a - 2 n (in the example of FIG. 4, the heat generator 2 a) has a switching valve 7, placed here for example in the device flow, which generates the heat generated either parallel to the other heat generators 2 b - 2 n of the cascade in heating mode parallel to a three - chamber distributor 9 or 9 in hot water preparation operation the top buffer connection 76 supplies. At the buffer memory 26 is a storage sensor 25 which measures the buffer water temperature of the uppermost of three zones. These zones are each between two immediately adjacent of the total of four buffer terminals 76 - 79. If the measured buffer water temperature falls below the set value, the corresponding heat generator 2a from the heating operation in the

Hot water preparation mode changed over: The switching valve 7 supplies the heat of the uppermost buffer zone and the burner 3a and the circulation pump 4a are guided to set for hot water preparation setpoints.

All returns 81 a - 81 n of the heat generators 2a - 2n are connected in parallel with each other and with the second highest buffer connection 77. Thus, the heat generators 2a-2n activated by the cascade controller 21 each remove buffer water above the middle zone and feed it-driven by the circulation pumps 4a-4n-to the flow chamber 82 of the three-chamber distributor 9. On this m mixer circuits 10a - 10m are arranged with a temperature gradient in the direction of heat generator cascade 2a - 2n, which can also be fed from a first return chamber 83 of the three-chamber distributor 9. Of the mixer circuits 10a-10m are a part number, namely the mixer circuits 10a - 1 Of low-temperature circuits, which typically supply so-called surface heating circuits (ceiling, wall and floor heating) with return temperatures of at most 30 ° C. The other mixer circuits 10g - 10m are high-temperature circuits (radiators, convectors, air heaters) with higher return temperatures. While the high temperature circuits 10g-10m feed their returns downstream of the withdrawal into the first return chamber 83 according to the already described method of recycle, the returns of the low temperature circuits 10a-10f are collected in a separate low temperature manifold 84 which houses the third distribution chamber or second return chamber Three-chamber distributor 9 forms. This first return chamber 83 is connected to the third buffer port 78 and the second return chamber 84 to the lowest buffer port 79.

The last, farthest from the connection of the heat generator cascade 2a - 2n assembly forms again a hydraulic switch 17, which connects the flow chamber 82 with the first return chamber 83. The temperature sensor, circulating pumps, burners and actuators of the mixing devices and heat generators are connected via dashed signal or control lines to the weather-compensated cascade controller 21. This calculates the weather-dependent setpoint values of the temperatures of the individual mixer circuits 10a-10m from the outside temperature measured by the outside sensor 22, compares them with the values measured by the temperature sensors 6a-6m of the mixer circuits 10a-10m and controls the control deviation according to the actuators of the mixing devices not shown here 11 a - 1 1 m via three-point signals (open-close). This results in a total heat loss with a value pair volume flow and flow return temperature difference (Q, ΔT).

The cascade controller 21 is to activate the minimum number of heat generators 2a - 2n, z. Example, the heat generator 2a - 2h, which are needed to supply the acute power requirement, both the burner 3i - 3n and the circulation pumps 4i -.4n the non-activated heat generator 2i - 2n are turned off. Backflow preventers not shown separately (see FIGS. 5 to 5n in FIG. 5) prevent heating water from flowing back. The active heat generators 2a-2h generate the flow temperature which corresponds to the maximum of the setpoint values of all mixer circuits 10a-10m.

In order to determine how much power is required in total or how many heat generators 2a-2n have to be activated, the temperature of the switch temperature sensor (20) is compared with the flow temperatures of the active heat generators 2a-2h: is the temperature of the switch temperature sensor 20 the same as the temperature of the temperature sensor 6a - 6h of the activated heat generator 2a - 2h ,, so flows an excess of heating water from the Advance came mer 82 of the three-chamber distributor 9 in the first return chamber 83, which means that enough power is provided. However, if the temperature is lower, colder heating water flows from the first return chamber 83 into the supply chamber 82, which means that too little power is generated. Then at least one further heat generator 2i is connected. This corresponds to the control behavior of the cascade controller for heating systems according to the prior art, in which the hydraulic switch with temperature sensor is mounted between the heat generator and the consumer.

All mixing devices 11a to 11m each have three ports 14a

- 14m, 15a - 15m and 16a -16m. For the high-temperature mixer circuits 10g-10m, the mixer circuit 10g is shown by way of example. The mixer circuit flow 85g is supplied either with a mixture of the supply chamber port 14g and the return chamber port 15g or the return chamber port 15g and the own mixer circuit return 86g. The same applies to all mixer circuits 10a - 10m. The return chamber connections 15a-15m respectively open into the first return chamber 83. The return connections 16g-16m of the high-temperature mixer circuits 10g-10m there open as well, while the return chamber connections

16a - 16f of the low temperature mixer circuits 10a - 10f open into the second return chamber 84.

The cascade controller 21 carries each mixer circuit flow temperature by means of a 3-point signal via the actuator not shown here the respective mixing device 1 1 a - 1 1 m. The advantage of the method described here or of the device described here lies in the fact that the hot heating water overflowing in stationary operation via the hydraulic separator 17 from the supply line into the return line is strongly cooled by the return use of the mixer circuits 10a-10m. In addition, the mixer circuits 10a - 10m via the first return chamber 83 directly - so without heating the heat generator cascade 2a

- Supply 2n- from the buffer memory 26 when the temperature at the second lowest buffer port 78 is not below the required flow temperature. Even if the temperature of the buffer connection 78 is below the required flow temperature but above the return temperature of one of the mixer circuits

10a-10m, the affected mixer circuit can still heat the buffer memory 26 at a low temperature level and thus relieve the heat generator 2a - 2n, which then only need to reheat.

By the separate return collector, i. the second return flow chamber 84 for the coldest returns is ensured that the lowermost zone of the buffer memory 26 is cooled as low as possible, which keeps the buffer memory 26 hot longer up and makes him down at the same time receptive for heat at a low temperature level. As a result, the heating system is operated at the same power with a higher proportion of regenerative heat. The advantage of the invention is thus again in a much more efficient operation of components that are already technically available today.

5 shows a further variant of the multi-circuit system according to the invention with wall unit cascade 2a-2n, regenerative heat generator (shown here are the associated circulating pump 28 and symbolically solar collectors 29) and buffer memory 26. It comprises one via the flow chamber connection 34 and the return chamber connection 35 to the distributor unit 9 connected further unmixed high-temperature heating circuit 60, as has already been described for the embodiment according to FIG. Its flow is regulated by a thermostatic valve 36. The heating circuit 60 does not contain its own circulating pump and is fed directly by the circulating pumps 4a-4n of the heat generators 2a-2n. Incidentally, reference is made to the corresponding explanations for FIG. 2, wherein the local reference numerals have been adopted with respect to the heating circuit 60. Alternatively, a mixed heating circuit 90, as shown in FIG. 7 and described in connection with FIG. 2, can also be used.

It is according to the embodiment of FIG. 4, a three-chamber distributor 9 is provided which is formed in the manner provided for Fig. 4 way and is connected in a corresponding manner to the mixer circuits 10a - 10m. In addition, as in Fig. 4, a solar system (28, 29) or other regenerative energy source and a buffer memory 26 is provided in which a drinking water storage 23 is arranged. Unlike in the embodiment according to FIG. 4, according to FIG. 5, the changeover valve 7 is connected to one of the heat generators, here in FIG Example heat generator 2a, placed in the return, which makes a separate heat exchanger 88 required for the drinking water storage.

The switching valve 7 supplies the generated heat to the heat exchanger 88 of the drinking water storage 23 either in heating mode parallel to the other heat generators 2b-2n of the cascade, the three-chamber distributor 9 or in the hot water preparation mode. At the drinking water storage 23 is a storage sensor 25, which measures the drinking water temperature. If the measured drinking water temperature falls below the set nominal value, then the corresponding heat generator 2a is switched over from the heating mode to the hot water preparation mode. The switching valve 7 supplies the heat to the heat exchanger 88 and the burner 2a and circulation pump 4a are guided to setpoint values set for hot water preparation.

The buffer memory 26 has three connections 77 to 79 which are connected in the manner described with reference to FIG. 4 to the three-chamber distributor 9 and the heat generators 2a-2n. The heat exchanger 88 of the drinking water reservoir 23 is - as already shown - connected to one of the heat generator, in the present example to the heat generator 2a.

FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the multi-circuit system according to the invention with wall unit cascade, regenerative heat generator and buffer storage. It contains an open assembly 72 with switching valve 73 for supplying a water heater with a lying in a drinking water storage 23 heat exchanger 24. Once the measured from the storage tank sensor 25 drinking water temperature falls below the required value, the set value of the cascade of the heat generator 2a - 2n set to the water heating Increased value and the switching valve 19 to the heat exchanger 24 of the drinking water storage 23 open. The switch temperature sensor 20 ensures in both positions of the change-over valve that the cascade controller 21 provides sufficient power from the heat generators 2a-2n. Since the hot water now takes place outside the buffer memory 26, it has only three ports 77 to 79 or two zones. The heating system according to the invention can - as shown in the embodiments - different chamber distribution types, optionally a buffer, optionally a drinking water supply, separately or combined with a buffer memory having. The hydraulic switch can be formed by a simple connection between two chambers of the chamber distributor or as a functional component, for example as a heating circuit or drinking water preparation. It can be seen from the exemplary embodiments that further combinations of the presented system parts can be combined in the sense of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCES:

1 heating system

2 a - n heat generator of a cascade

3 a - n burner of the heat generator of a cascade

4 a - n circulating pump of the heat generator of a cascade

5 a - n backflow preventer of the heat generator of a cascade

6 a - n Temperature sensor of the heat generator of a cascade

7 Change-over valve in the heat generator of a cascade

8 two-chamber distributor of a multi-circuit system

9 three - chamber distributor of a multi - circuit system 10 a - m mixer circuit of a multi - circuit system, of which 10 a - f low - temperature mixer circuits and

10 g - m high temperature mixer circuits

1 1 a - m Mixing device of the mixer circuit of a multi-circuit system

12 a - m Circulation pump of the mixer circuit of a multi-circuit system

13 a - m Temperature sensor of the mixer circuit of a multi-circuit system

14 a - m supply connection of the distributor of a multi - circuit system

15 a - m return connection connection of the distributor of a multi - circuit system

16 a - m Return feed connection of the distributor of a multi-circuit system

17 open switch of the distributor of a multi-circuit system

18 open differential pressure relief valve of the distributor of a multi-circuit system

19 changeover valve

20 Overtemperature sensor of the open module of the distributor of a multi-circuit system

21 Weather-compensated cascade controller of a multi-circuit system

22 Outdoor sensor of a weather-compensated heating control

23 water heater as drinking water storage

24 heat exchanger of the water heater

25 Storage tank sensor of the water heater

26 buffer tank of a heating system

28 Circulation pump of a solar system

29 solar panels of a solar system Backwash chamber connection of a two- or three-chamber distributor Low-temperature return collector connection of a three-chamber distributor Feed chamber connection of the open module of a two- or three-chamber distributor Return chamber connection of the open module of a two- or three-chamber distributor Three-chamber distributor Thermostatic valve Supply chamber Return chamber Unmixed high-temperature heating circuit with open-loop function Shell-heat exchangers -79 Return line connections of the three-chamber distributor First return chamber of the three-chamber distributor Second return chamber of the three-chamber distributor g Mixer circuit flow g Mixer circuit return Heat exchanger Mixed high-temperature heating circuit as open unit Circulation pump Three-way mixing valve Open connection piece

Claims

claims

1. heating or cooling system with a consisting of at least one heat / cold generator (2a - 2n) WärmeVKälteerzeugereinheit and one of at least one mixer circuit (10a - 10m) existing consumer unit, wherein a) a distribution unit (8, 9) a the flow of the Heat / cold generator unit to the at least one mixer circuit (10a - 10m) transporting flow chamber (51, 82) and the return of the at least one mixer circuit (10a - 10m) receiving first return chamber (52, 83, 84), b) the at least one Mixing circuit (10a - 10m) via a respective mixing device (1 1 a - 1 1 m) controllable from the flow chamber (51, 82) and the first return chamber (52, 83, 84) can be fed, and d) for complete hydraulic decoupling of Heat / cooling unit and consumer unit in the flow direction of the flow in the distribution unit (8, 9) seen behind the consumer unit, a hydraulic switch (17, 60, 72) is provided.

2. heating or cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic switch (17, 60, 72) is part of a functional component, in particular a HeizVKühlkreises or a heat / cold exchanger.

3. heating or cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that the functional component is a unmixed HeizVKühlkreis (60), wherein between the flow and return of the HeizVKühlkreises (60), a differential pressure relief valve is provided.

4. heating or cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that between the flow and return of the heating / cooling circuit (60) antiparallel to the differential pressure relief valve, a backflow preventer is connected.

5. heating or cooling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second return mer came mer (52, 83, 84) is provided, wherein the first return chamber (52, 83) the return of at least one mixer circuit of a first type ( 10g - 10m) and the second return chamber (84) receives the return of at least one mixer circuit of a second type (10a - 1 Of) and the return temperature of the at least one mixer circuit of the second type (1 Oa - 10f) in the case of heating, in the case of cooling above the return temperature of the at least one mixer circuit of the first type (10g - 10m).

6. heating or cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one mixer circuit of the first type (10g - 10m) in the case of heating a high-temperature mixer circuit, for example for radiators, in the case of cooling a mixer circuit lower temperature, such as a fan cooling circuit, is and the at least one mixer circuit of the second type (10a - 1 Of) in the case of heating a low-temperature mixer circuit, for example, for surface heating such a floor heating, in the case of cooling a mixer circuit of higher temperature, for example, a surface cooling circuit, in particular a concrete cooling circuit.

7. heating or cooling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the WärmeVKälteerzeugereinheit comprises a plurality of heat / Kälteerzeugern (2a - 2n).

8. heating or cooling system according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat / cold generator (2a - 2n) connected in a cascade and regulated by a cascade controller (21).

9. heating or cooling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a buffer memory (26) is provided.

10. heating or cooling system according to claim 9, characterized in that the buffer memory (26) in the case of heating to a regenerative heat source, in particular to a solar system, a Biomassefeuerung, a cogeneration or heat pump, in the case of cooling to a solar or regenerative powered absorber cooling is connected.

1 1. heating or cooling system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the buffer memory (26) is further fed by at least one of the WärmeVKälteerzeuger (2a - 2n).

12. heating or cooling system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that in the case of heating a lowermost, in the case of cooling an uppermost buffer port (79) of the buffer memory (26) from the first return chamber (83) is fed and in the case of heating, a second lower, in the case of cooling, a second uppermost buffer connection (77) is connected to the return of the at least one heat / cold generator (2a-2n).

13. heating or cooling system according to one of claims 9 to 11 with reference back to claim 5, characterized in that in the case of heating a lowermost, in the case of cooling an uppermost buffer connection (79) with the second return chamber (84), in the case the heater a second lowest, in the case of cooling a second uppermost buffer connection (78) with the first return chamber (83) and in the case of heating a third lowest, in the case of cooling a third uppermost buffer connection (77) with the return of the at least one heat / cold generator (2a - 2n) is connected.

14. Heating or cooling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one WärmeVKälteerzeuger (2a - 2n) each having a circulating pump (4a - 4n).

15. Heating or cooling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one WärmeVKälteerzeuger (2a - 2n) has a backflow preventer (5a - 5n).

16. heating or cooling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixer circuits (10a - 10m) along the distribution chamber (8, 9) are arranged so that the design temperature of each mixer circuit (10a - 10m) in the case of heating so high as or lower, in the case of cooling as low as or higher than the design temperature of each closer to the hydraulic switch (17, 60, 72) arranged heating / cooling circuit (10a - 10m) is.

17. heating or cooling system according to claim 16, characterized in that the arrangement is primarily determined by the flow temperature and at the same flow temperature, the return temperature of each mixer circuit

(10a - 10m) is decisive.

18. A method for operating a heating or cooling system which comprises a heat / cold generator unit comprising at least one heat / cold generator (2a-2n) and a consumer unit comprising at least one mixer circuit (10a-10m), in which a distributor unit ( 8, 9) feeds the flow of WärmeVKälteerzeugereinheit the load unit and receives the return of the consumer unit, the mixer circuits (10a - 10m) controllably fed from the in the distribution unit (8, 9) given flow and return and

Heat / cooling unit and consumer unit in the flow direction of the flow in the distribution unit (8, 9) are completely decoupled from each other hydraulically behind the consumer unit.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the hydraulic decoupling takes place in an open functional assembly.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that as an open functional assembly, a heat / cold exchanger (71), eg for a drinking water preparation (70), is used, wherein the WärmeVkältetauscher (71) is switched on alone in case of need or the flow through the heat / cold exchanger (71) is throttled as a function of a temperature, for example a storage temperature, return temperature, outlet temperature of a fan or room temperature, for example with a thermostatic valve.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the return of a first group of mixer circuits (10g - 1 Om) of a first return chamber (83) and the return of a second group of mixer circuits (1 Oa - 10f) with opposite the mixer circuits (1 OG - 10m) of the first group in the case of heating lower, in the case of cooling the higher return temperature of a second return chamber (84) is supplied.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the heating / cooling medium from the second return chamber (84) in the case of heating a lowermost, in the case of cooling an uppermost buffer port (79) and the heating / cooling medium from the first return chamber (83) in the case of heating a second lowermost, in the case of cooling a second uppermost buffer port (78) of a buffer memory (26) is supplied.

23. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the buffer memory (26) in the case of heating of a regenerative heat source, in particular a solar system, a biomass combustion, a cogeneration or heat pump, heated and in case the cooling is cooled by a solar or regenerative powered absorber cooling.

24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the supply of the returns of the mixer circuits (10a - 10m) to the distributor unit (8, 9) takes place such that the return supply of the mixer circuits

(10a - 10m) with design temperature in the direction of flow of the return in the distribution unit (8, 9) seen behind the return supply of the mixer circuits (10a - 10m) with higher in the case of heating, in the case of cooling lower design temperature, wherein the flow temperature priority to Note, and only at the same flow temperature, the return temperature is decisive.