WO2010094218A1 - 一种含帕洛诺司琼的口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂 - Google Patents
一种含帕洛诺司琼的口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010094218A1 WO2010094218A1 PCT/CN2010/070372 CN2010070372W WO2010094218A1 WO 2010094218 A1 WO2010094218 A1 WO 2010094218A1 CN 2010070372 W CN2010070372 W CN 2010070372W WO 2010094218 A1 WO2010094218 A1 WO 2010094218A1
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- palonosetron
- formulation
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- polar solvent
- aerosol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/08—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for nausea, cinetosis or vertigo; Antiemetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oral spray or aerosol, especially an oral spray or aerosol containing palonosetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the active ingredient is rapidly absorbed by the oral mucosa and is rapidly activated, and the bioavailability is high. Background of the invention
- Aerosols and sprays are formulation products that spray their contents onto the application site by means of a particular container device.
- the aerosol refers to a preparation prepared by encapsulating a drug and a suitable propellant in a pressure-proof sealed container having a special valve system, and the content is ejected by the pressure of the propellant during use, and the drug is mostly fine when ejected.
- a misty aerosol or aerosol, bubble or trickle is generally used for respiratory inhalation, skin and mucous membrane administration.
- Sprays do not contain a propellant, and the liquid is sprayed into mist by the pressure of a hand pump. Formulations, such preparations are therefore popular with patients and pharmaceutical manufacturers.
- Aerosols and sprays are very convenient to use, but due to factors such as drug absorption, such preparations are often used for respiratory inhalation or topical skin administration, such as disinfecting drugs, analgesics, antihypertensive drugs, etc. It is rarely used for mucosal administration, and the dosage form is rarely considered for the preparation of a medicament for systemic administration.
- Palonosetron developed by Helsinm Healthcare of Switzerland, is a new high-efficiency, highly selective 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist with low toxic side effects and long biological half-life in vivo (about 40h). Vomiting is more effective than other existing 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists. It is mainly used for the treatment of cancer chemotherapy and vomiting during radiotherapy.
- the structure is as follows: Palonosetron hydrochloride is currently used clinically, and the dosage forms are mainly injections and tablets. These two dosage forms are usually used in the preparation of the drug, and the preparation process is mature, but there are many inconveniences in use: Injections usually need to be used in hospitals, and are administered by nurses with professional skills, and injection administration is a traumatic administration.
- tablets are absorbed orally through the gastrointestinal tract, for some special patients, especially those who are weak and elderly after chemotherapy, swallowing and taking inconvenience, and will give stomach Intestinal discomfort, in the presence of vomiting symptoms that need to be treated and overcome, usually affect the absorption and efficacy of the drug because the tablets are vomited.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the current dosage form of palonosetron, and to develop a preparation which is convenient for doctors and patients to use medicine quickly and conveniently, and at the same time, the patient can also use the medicine autonomously.
- Chinese Patent Application No. 200610065481.X discloses a nasal administration preparation of palonosetron which absorbs a drug into the blood circulation through a nasal mucosa, and a specific preparation form is a nasal drop or a spray. Although the form of the preparation reduces the pain of administration of the patient compared to the injection preparation, since the nasal mucosa is very sensitive, the patient feels a greater irritation and discomfort during the administration of the nasal mucosa.
- palonosetron can be administered through the nasal mucosa, due to differences in various mucosal tissue structures, the skilled person does not think that the drug can pass through other mucosal sites, particularly the oral mucosa. Dosing. Further, it is known to those skilled in the art that as an antiemetic drug, palonosetron is generally not used in the form of topical administration, and it is generally not prepared as an oral spray or aerosol for use by a patient.
- palonosetron can be rapidly absorbed through the oral mucosa tissue by accidental experimental research, and the bioavailability is comparable to that of intravenous administration.
- a palonosetron oral spray and an aerosol suitable for oral mucosal administration can be prepared, which can make palonosetron rapidly absorb through the oral mucosa and quickly act to exert systemic therapeutic effect. It provides a new preparation with fast absorption, reliable efficacy and convenient use for patients with phase application requirements. Due to the good tolerance of the oral mucosa, palonosetron is prepared as an oral spray or an aerosol without any discomfort during use, which is beneficial to the patient.
- the present invention provides a palonosetron formulation for oral mucosal administration, which is a spray or an aerosol, comprising a liquid mixture containing palonosetron and a container containing the mixture, the container being A device for spraying a liquid mixture onto the mucosa of the oral cavity.
- the devices of the oral sprays and aerosols described herein are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the container of the oral spray or aerosol is different from the structure of the container applied to the nasal cavity.
- the front end of the nasal sprayer has a nasal catheter, which releases a smaller area of the liquid; and the mouth of the oral sprayer is a general nozzle, and the liquid is released.
- the fan is formed into a large angle, and the liquid is uniformly sprayed onto the oral mucosa after the ejection.
- the palonosetron in the spray or aerosol is selected from the group consisting of palonosetron free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the palonosetron pharmaceutically acceptable salt, including a mineral acid Palonosetron salts such as: palonosetron hydrochloride, palonosetron hydrobromide, palonosetron sulfate, palonosetron nitrate, palonosetron phosphate, etc.; or organic acid Lonowsone salts such as: palonosetron acetate, palonosetron propionate, palonosetron butyrate, palonosetron valerate, palonosetron acid, palofimate Nostron, palonosetron glycolate, palonosetron oxalate, palonosetron pyruvate, palonosetron lactate, palonosetron malonate, palonol succinate Siqiong, palonosetron malate, palonosetron maleate, palonosetron fumarate, palonosetron tartrate, palonosetron citrate,
- the present invention provides a palonosetron spray or an aerosol for oral mucosal administration, wherein the concentration of palonosetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is from 0.01 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml, preferably a concentration It is from 0.1 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml, more preferably from 1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml, and most preferably from 2.5 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml.
- the palonosetron spray or aerosol for oral mucosal administration contains pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, such as: buffer, osmotic pressure regulator, flavoring agent, preservative, chelating agent, pole One or more of a solvent or a non-polar solvent.
- pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants such as: buffer, osmotic pressure regulator, flavoring agent, preservative, chelating agent, pole One or more of a solvent or a non-polar solvent.
- the orally administered mucosal palonosetron spray or aerosol of the present invention has a pH of 3.0 to 6.0, preferably a pH of 3.5 to 5.5, most preferably a pH of 4.0 to 5.0.
- the buffer solution in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa provided by the present invention may be one or more of citrate, acetate, phosphate and carbonate.
- the content is 0.05% to 5% of the preparation (w/v preferably contains 0.05% to 1% of citrate buffer (w/v), more preferably 0.1% to 0.2% (w/v)
- the osmotic pressure adjusting agent in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa provided by the present invention may be selected from one or more of sodium chloride, glucose, mannitol and lactose. 0.5% to 5% of the preparation (w/v
- the flavoring agent in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa may be from synthetic or natural peppermint oil, spearmint oil, lemon oil, fruit flavor, sweetener One or more of which is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 10% (v/v), preferably from 0.75% to 7.5% (v/v), most preferably from 0.1% to 7% (v/v)
- the preservative in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa may be selected from the group consisting of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and One or more of butyl hydroxybenzoate, benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, chlorobutanol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid or phenol, in an amount of 0.001% to 25% of the preparation Preferably, it is from 0.005% to 10%, most preferably from 0.05% to 5% (w/v).
- the chelating agent in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa provided by the present invention may be selected from EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable sodium or potassium salt thereof, preferably EDTA-2Na. Or EDTA-Ca2Na.
- Polar solvent buccal transmucosal administration of palonosetron or aerosol sprays of the present invention provides selected from water, PEG400 ⁇ 1000, C 2 _ 8 monohydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols and C 17 _ 18 One or more of a linear or branched alcohol. Preference is given to one or more of water, PEG 400 to 1000, and ethanol. It is present in an amount from 10% to 97%, preferably from 20% to 97%, most preferably from 25% to 97% (v/v) o of the formulation.
- the non-polar solvent in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa provided by the present invention may be selected from C 2 _ 24 fatty acid C 2 -6 esters, C 7 -18 linear or One or more of a branched hydrocarbon, a C 2 -6 carboxylic acid triglyceride, preferably a triglyceride. It is present in an amount of from 19% to 95%, preferably from 25% to 90%, most preferably from 25% to 75% (v/v) of the formulation.
- the solvent in the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered by the oral mucosa provided by the present invention may also be a mixture of a polar solvent and a non-polar solvent, wherein the ratio of the polar solvent to the non-polar solvent may be From 1:99 to 99: 1, preferably 60:40, most preferably 50:50.
- the propellant in the palonosetron aerosol administered by the oral mucosa may be selected from the group consisting of acetamidine, N-butyl hydrazine, isobutyl hydrazine, N-propyl hydrazine, isovaleryl and neopentyl quinone.
- the palonosetron spray or aerosol administered via the oral mucosa provided by the present invention can be used in a single dose or in multiple doses. If multiple doses are administered, each spray dose should be predetermined and may be designed to be 0.1 ml, 0.14 ml, or other reasonable dose per spray depending on the concentration of the drug solution and the dose administered.
- the orally administered mucosal palonosetron spray or aerosol provided by the present invention is useful for treating acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery in cancer patients. detailed description
- Flavoring agent 0.2ml
- Flavoring agent 0.5ml
- Triglyceride is added to 100ml
- a two-cycle crossover test design was used. Six healthy beagle dogs, male, weighing about 10 kg, were randomly divided into two groups, A and B. According to the following table 1 Oral injection of palonosetron hydrochloride (one spray, 0.14 ml) and intravenous palonosetron hydrochloride injection (7.0 ml/mouse). The two trials were separated by 10 days. Fasting for 12 h before dosing, fasting the next morning, and providing food and water 2 h after dosing.
- Each group was given 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 before and after administration.
- 1.0, 8.0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h 1.0 ml of blood was taken from the small saphenous vein of the hind limbs, placed in heparinized tubes, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min, plasma was separated, and stored at -20 ° C for testing.
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Description
一种含帕洛诺司琼的口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂 发明领域
本发明涉及一种口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂, 尤其是含帕洛诺司琼或其 可药用盐的口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂。 在该制剂中, 活性成份可通过口腔 粘膜迅速吸收而快速起效, 生物利用度高。 发明背景
气雾剂和喷雾剂是一种通过特定的容器设备将其内容物喷涂于施 用部位的制剂产品。 其中, 气雾剂指药物与适宜的抛射剂封装于具有 特制阀门系统的耐压密封容器中而制成的制剂, 使用时借抛射剂的压 力将内容物喷出, 药物喷出时多为细雾状气溶胶或呈烟雾状、 泡沬状 或细流, 一般可用于呼吸道吸入、 皮肤和粘膜用药。
随着气雾剂剂型的不断完善及应用范围不断增加, 同一治疗目的 及类似的剂型 __喷雾剂也被普及使用, 喷雾剂不含抛射剂, 借助于 手动泵的压力将药液喷成雾状的制剂, 因此这类制剂受到患者和药品 生产者的欢迎。
气雾剂和喷雾剂使用很便捷, 但因药物吸收效果等因素的限制, 此类制剂多被用于呼吸道吸入给药或局部皮肤给药使用, 如消毒药物、 止痛药物、 降压药物等, 应用于粘膜给药的较少, 而且该剂型很少被 考虑用于制备需全身用药的药物。
帕洛诺司琼(Palonosetron) 由瑞士 Helsinm Healthcare公司研制开 发, 是新的高效、 高选择性的 5— HT3受体拮抗剂, 毒副作用小, 在体 内生物半衰期长 (约 40h), 对延迟期呕吐比现有的其它 5— HT3受体拮 抗剂有效, 临床上主要用于治疗癌症化疗、 放疗时的呕吐反应, 结构 如下:
目前临床上使用的是盐酸帕洛诺司琼, 剂型主要是注射剂和片剂。 这两种剂型是该药物通常采用的剂型, 制备工艺成熟, 但在使用中存 在很多不便: 注射剂通常需要在医院使用, 并由具有专业技能的护士 给药, 且注射给药属于创伤性给药方式, 这容易使患者用药的顺从性 降低; 片剂经口服通过胃肠道吸收, 对某些特殊患者尤其是化疗后的 体弱和年长者而言, 吞咽和服用不便, 且会给胃肠道带来不适, 在本 身就存在需治疗和克服的呕吐症状时, 通常会因服下的药片被呕吐出 来而影响药物的吸收和疗效。
因此, 对于需要快速方便用药的患者, 以及在家发病的患者而言, 急需一种更便捷、 实用和安全的帕洛诺司琼剂型。 发明内容
本发明的目的是克服目前帕洛诺司琼制剂剂型的不足, 开发一种 有利于医生和患者快速、 方便用药, 同时患者也可自主用药的制剂。
中国专利申请 200610065481.X公开了一种帕洛诺司琼的鼻腔给药 制剂, 该制剂通过鼻腔粘膜将药物吸收进入血液循环, 具体的制剂形 式是滴鼻剂或喷雾剂。 虽然该制剂形式相比注射制剂减少了患者用药 的痛苦, 但由于鼻粘膜十分敏感, 在鼻粘膜用药过程中患者会感到有 较大的刺激和不适。
口腔粘膜与鼻粘膜在组织结构上存在较大差异, 鼻粘膜的通透性 较好, 药物经鼻粘膜的吸收比较容易进行, 口腔粘膜的通透性差, 药 物难以经过口腔粘膜吸收, 生物利用度较差, 因此, 虽然经口腔粘膜 给药的途径很便捷, 但口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂剂型极少被考虑用于非局 部给药的方式, 该剂型通常用于治疗口腔或咽喉疾病、 口腔局部消毒 或麻醉方面, 以局部针对性用药的方式, 达到快速起效, 降低采用全 身用药途径时存在的副作用。 并且这类剂型很少被考虑用于制备需全 身用药的药物, 目前开发成功的全身用药性的口腔喷雾剂并不多, 已
知的仅有硝酸甘油、 硝酸异山梨酯、 胰岛素等。
因此, 虽然中国专利申请 200610065481.X公开了帕洛诺司琼可通 过鼻粘膜给药, 但由于各种粘膜组织结构存在差异, 技术人员并不能 想到该药物还可以通过其他粘膜部位特别是口腔粘膜给药。 另外, 本 领域技术人员知晓, 作为止吐药物, 帕洛诺司琼一般不采用局部给药 的方式使用, 通常情况下不会将其制备成一种口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂供 患者使用。
本发明的研究人员通过偶然的试验研究, 令人惊奇的发现, 帕洛 诺司琼能经口腔粘膜组织迅速吸收, 生物利用度与静脉给药相当。 在 此基础上制成适用于口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼口腔喷雾剂和气雾 剂, 这种剂型可以使帕洛诺司琼通过口腔粘膜迅速吸收而快速起效, 从而发挥全身治疗作用, 为有相应用药需求的患者提供了吸收速度快、 疗效可靠、 使用方便的新制剂。 由于口腔粘膜耐受性好, 帕洛诺司琼 制备成口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂在使用时没有任何不适感觉, 对患者有益。
本发明提供一种经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 所述制剂为 喷雾剂或气雾剂, 包括含有帕洛诺司琼的液体混合物和装有该混合物 的容器, 所述容器是一种用于将液体混合物喷于口腔内粘膜的装置。
本申请所述的口腔喷雾剂和气雾剂的装置是所属领域技术人员公 知容器装置。 口腔喷雾剂或气雾剂的容器与应用于鼻腔的容器结构不 同, 鼻腔喷雾器的喷口前端具有鼻腔导管, 其释放出的液体面积角度 较小; 而口腔喷雾器喷口为一般喷口, 其释放出的液体成扇面, 角度 较大, 达到喷出后液体被均匀喷射到口腔粘膜的效果。
所述喷雾剂或气雾剂中的帕洛诺司琼选自帕洛诺司琼游离碱或其 药学上可接受的盐, 所述帕洛诺司琼药学上可接受的盐, 包括无机酸 帕洛诺司琼盐如: 盐酸帕洛诺司琼、 氢溴酸帕洛诺司琼、 硫酸帕洛诺 司琼、 硝酸帕洛诺司琼、 磷酸帕洛诺司琼等; 或有机酸帕洛诺司琼盐 如: 乙酸帕洛诺司琼、 丙酸帕洛诺司琼、 丁酸帕洛诺司琼、 戊酸帕洛 诺司琼、 已酸帕洛诺司琼、 庚酸帕洛诺司琼、 羟基乙酸帕洛诺司琼、 乙二酸帕洛诺司琼、 丙酮酸帕洛诺司琼、 乳酸帕洛诺司琼、 丙二酸帕 洛诺司琼、 琥珀酸帕洛诺司琼、 苹果酸帕洛诺司琼、 马来酸帕洛诺司 琼、 富马酸帕洛诺司琼、 酒石酸帕洛诺司琼、 枸橼酸帕洛诺司琼、 苯
甲酸帕洛诺司琼、 三甲基乙酸帕洛诺司琼、 叔已酸帕洛诺司琼、 月桂 酸帕洛诺司琼、 葡萄糖酸帕洛诺司琼、 谷氨酸帕洛诺司琼、 羟萘甲酸 帕洛诺司琼、 水杨酸帕洛诺司琼、 硬脂酸帕洛诺司琼等, 优选为盐酸 帕洛诺司琼。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂, 其 中帕洛诺司琼或其药学上可接受的盐的浓度为 0.01mg/ml至 100mg/ml, 优选浓度为 O.lmg/ml至 50mg/ml, 更优选浓度为 lmg/ml至 10mg/ml, 最优选浓度为 2.5mg/ml至 5mg/ml。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂含有 药学上可接受的辅料, 如: 缓冲剂、 渗透压调节剂、 矫味剂、 防腐剂、 螯合剂、 极性溶剂或非极性溶剂中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂的 pH 值为 3.0至 6.0, 优选 pH值为 3.5至 5.5, 最优选 pH值为 4.0至 5.0。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 缓冲剂可以是枸橼酸盐、 醋酸盐、 磷酸盐和碳酸盐中的一种或多种, 其含量为制剂的 0.05%至 5% (w/v 优选含 0.05%至 1%的枸橼酸盐缓 冲液 (w/v), 更优选为 0.1%至 0.2% (w/v
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 渗透压调节剂可选自氯化钠、 葡萄糖、 甘露醇、 乳糖中的一种或多种, 其含量为制剂的 0.5%至 5% (w/v
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 矫味剂可以从合成的或天然的薄荷油、 留兰香油、 柠檬油、 水果香精、 增甜剂中的一种或多种,其含量为制剂的 0.1%至 10%(v/v),优选 0.75% 至 7.5% (v/v) , 最优选为 0.1%至 7% (v/v
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 防腐剂可选自对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、 对羟基苯甲酸 丙酯、 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、 苯扎氯铵、 苯扎溴铵、 三氯叔丁醇、 苯甲 酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸或苯酚中的一种或多种,其含量为制剂的 0.001% 至 25% , 优选 0.005%至 10% , 最优选为 0.05%至 5% (w/v)。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 螯合剂可选自 EDTA或其药学上可接受的钠盐或钾盐,优选 EDTA-2Na
或 EDTA-Ca2Na。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 极性溶剂可选自水、 PEG400〜1000、 C2_8的一元醇或多元醇以及 C17_18 直链或支链醇中的一种或多种。 优选水、 PEG400〜1000、 乙醇中的一 种或多种。其含量为制剂的 10%至 97%,优选 20%至 97%,最优选 25% 至 97% (v/v) o
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 非极性溶剂可选自 C2_24脂肪酸 C2_6酯类、 C7_18的直链或支链碳氢化合 物、 C2_6羧酸甘油三酯中的一种或多种, 优选甘油三酯。 其含量为制剂 的 19%至 95%, 优选 25%至 90%, 最优选 25%至 75% (v/v)。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂中的 溶剂还可以采用极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的混合物, 其中极性溶剂和非 极性溶剂的比例可从 1 : 99至 99: 1, 优选 60: 40, 最优选 50: 50。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼气雾剂中的抛射剂可 选自丙垸、 N—丁垸、 异丁垸、 N—丙垸、 异戊垸和新戊垸中的一种或 多种, 其含量为制剂的 5%至 80%, 优选 10%至 70%, 最优选 20%至 70% (v/v) o
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂可以 以单剂量或多剂量的形式使用。 如果多剂量给药, 每喷剂量应是预定 的, 可依据药液浓度和给药剂量设计为每喷 0.1ml、 0.14ml或其它合理 的剂量。
本发明提供的经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂或气雾剂用于 治疗癌症类患者化疗、 放疗或手术所致的急性与延迟性恶心和呕吐。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
处方
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计)
枸橼酸
枸橼酸钠
甘油
苯甲酸钠 O.lg
EDTA-Ca2Na O.Olg
矫味剂 0.2ml
纯化水加至 100ml
pH值 4.0
工艺
依次称取处方量的苯甲酸钠、 甘油、 枸橼酸、 枸橼酸钠、 EDTA-Ca2Na,加入处方量 80%的纯化水搅拌使溶解成澄清溶液,加盐 酸氨溴索搅拌使溶解后, 再加入处方量的矫味剂搅拌均匀, 加纯化水 定容至全量。 测溶液的 pH值为 4.01。过滤, 分装于合适的专用口腔喷 雾剂瓶中。 实施例 2
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) 0.5g
磷酸二氢钠 lg
磷酸氢二钠 0.18g
甘油 2g
羟苯乙酯 O.lg
EDTA-2Na O.Olg
矫味剂 0.5ml
纯化水加至 100ml
pH值 5.2 实施例 3
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) 0.125g
无水乙醇 5ml
枸橼酸 0.2g
枸橼酸钠 0.05g
甘露醇 4g
聚乙二醇 10ml
苯甲酸钠 O.lg
EDTA-2Na O.Olg 矫味剂 2ml 纯化水加至 100ml pH值 3.4 实施例 4
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) 0.5g 吐温 80 0.5g 无水乙醇 5ml 甘油 5g 苯甲酸钠 0.2g EDTA-2Na 0.005g 矫味剂 2ml 纯化水加至 100ml pH值 5.8 实施例 5
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) O.lg 司盘 80 l.Og 矫味剂 0.5ml 纯化水加至 100ml pH值 实施例 6
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) 0.5g 吐温 80 0.5g 司盘 80 0.5g 柠檬油 0.15g 甘油三酯 25g 乙醇 60 纯化水加至 100ml
pH值 .2 实施例 Ί
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) 0.25g
司盘 80 0.5g
柠檬油 0.15g
丙垸 35g
甘油三酯加至 100ml
pH值 5.0 实施例 8
盐酸帕洛诺司琼 (以帕洛诺司琼计) 0.5g
甘油三酯 20g
柠檬油 O.lg
乙醇 20
丁垸加至 100ml
pH值 4.8 盐酸帕洛诺司琼口腔制剂在犬上生物利用度
1、 实验方法 吏用实施例 V)
采用双周期交叉试验设计。 健康比格犬 6只, 雄性, 体重 10 kg 左右, 随机分为 A、 B两组。 按下表 1 口腔使用盐酸帕洛诺司琼喷雾 剂 (一喷, 0.14 ml) 和静脉注射盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液 (7.0 ml/只)。 两次试验间隔 10天。 给药前禁食 12 h, 于次日早晨空腹给药, 给药后 2 h提供食物和饮水。
喷雾剂 注射剂
试验周期
(0.14 ml/只, 0.35 mg/只) (7.0 ml/只, 0.35 mg/只)
1 A组 B组
2 B组 A组
各组于给药前和给药后 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0,
6.0, 8.0, 12, 24, 48, 72和 120 h经后肢小隐静脉取血 1.0 ml, 置肝 素化试管中, 3000rpm离心 10min, 分离血浆, -20°C保存待测。
2、 实验结果
测定结果按 AUCQ_t计算, 盐酸帕洛诺司琼喷雾剂经口腔粘膜给药 在比格犬体内的绝对生物利用度为 86.9 士 38.4%, 与静脉注射效果相 当。
Claims
1、 一种经口腔粘膜给药的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中该制剂包括液体 混合物和装有该液体混合物的容器, 所述液体混合物含有帕洛诺司琼 或其药学上可接受的盐, 所述容器是一种用于将液体混合物喷于口腔 粘膜的装置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述制剂是喷雾 剂或气雾剂。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述帕洛诺 司琼或其药学上可接受盐的浓度以帕洛诺司琼计为约 0.01mg/ml〜约 lOOmg/ml, 优选为 O.lmg/ml〜约 50mg/ml, 更优选为约 lmg/ml〜约 1 Omg/ml, 最优选浓度为约 2.5mg/ml〜约 5mg/ml。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述帕 洛诺司琼药学上可接受的盐为帕洛诺司琼盐酸盐。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述液 体混合物的 pH值为约 3.0〜约 6.0, 优选为 3.5至 5.5, 最优选为 4.0至 5.0。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述液 体混合物含有药学上可接受的辅料, 所述辅料选自缓冲剂、 渗透压调 节剂、 矫味剂、 防腐剂、 螯合剂、 极性溶剂或非极性溶剂中的一种或 多种。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述缓冲剂选自 枸橼酸盐、 醋酸盐、 磷酸盐或碳酸盐中的一种或多种。
8、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述缓冲剂
的含量约为所述制剂的 0.05%〜5% (w/v
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述缓冲剂 为含约 0.05%〜约 l% (w/v)的枸橼酸盐缓冲液,优选为 0.1%〜约 0.2% 的枸橼酸盐缓冲液。
10、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述渗透压调 节剂选自氯化钠、 葡萄糖、 甘露醇或乳糖中的一种或多种。
11、 根据权利要求 6或 10所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述渗透 压调节剂的含量约为所述制剂的 0.5%〜5% (w/v
12、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述矫味剂选 自合成的或天然的薄荷油、 留兰香油、 柠檬油、 水果香精或增甜剂中 的一种或多种。
13、 根据权利要求 6或 12所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述矫味 剂的用量约为所述制剂的 0.1%〜10% (v/v),优选为 0.75〜7.5% (v/v), 最优选为 0.1%〜7% (v/v
14、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述防腐剂选 自对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、 对羟 基苯甲酸丁酯、 苯扎氯铵、 苯扎溴铵、 三氯叔丁醇、 苯甲酸、 苯甲酸 钠、 山梨酸或苯酚中的一种或多种。
15、 根据权利要求 6或 14所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述防腐 剂的用量约为所述制剂的 0.001%〜25% (w/v), 优选为 0.005%〜10%
(w/v) , 最优选为 0.05%〜5% (w/v 16、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述螯合剂选 自 EDTA 或其药学上可接受的钠盐或钾盐, 优选 EDTA-2Na 或 EDTA-Ca2Na0
17、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述极性溶剂 选自水、 PEG400〜1000、 C2_8的一元醇或多元醇或 C17_18直链或支链醇 中的一种或多种, 优选选自水、 PEG400〜1000或乙醇。
18、 根据权利要求 6或 17所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述极性 溶剂的用量约为所述制剂的 10%〜97%(v/v),优选为 20%〜97%(v/v), 最优选为 25%〜97% (v/v
19、 根据权利要求 6所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述非极性溶 剂选自 C2_24脂肪酸 C2_6酯类、 C7_18的直链或支链碳氢化合物或 C2_6羧 酸甘油三酯中的一种或多种, 优选为甘油三酯。
20、 根据权利要求 6或 19所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述非极 性溶剂的含量约为所述制剂的 19%〜95% (v/v) , 优选为 25%〜90%
(v/v) , 最优选为 25%〜75% (v/v
21、 根据权利要求 17— 20任一项所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所 述药学上可接受的辅料包括极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的混合物。
22、 根据权利要求 2所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述气雾剂中 的抛射剂选自丙垸、 N—丁垸、 异丁垸、 N—丙垸、 异戊垸或新戊垸中 的一种或多种。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的帕洛诺司琼制剂, 其中所述抛射剂的 含量约为所述气雾剂的 5%〜80% (v/v) , 优选为 10%〜70% (v/v) , 最优选为 20%〜70% (v/v
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| US20050025716A1 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2005-02-03 | Novadel Pharma, Inc. | Buccal, polar and non-polar spray or capsule containing drugs for treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract |
| CN101322703A (zh) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-17 | 南京星银药业有限公司 | 盐酸格拉司琼口腔喷雾剂 |
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| US20050025716A1 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2005-02-03 | Novadel Pharma, Inc. | Buccal, polar and non-polar spray or capsule containing drugs for treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract |
| CN101322703A (zh) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-17 | 南京星银药业有限公司 | 盐酸格拉司琼口腔喷雾剂 |
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