WO2010088880A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour la réalisation d'un test en centrifugeuse - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour la réalisation d'un test en centrifugeuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010088880A1
WO2010088880A1 PCT/DE2010/000103 DE2010000103W WO2010088880A1 WO 2010088880 A1 WO2010088880 A1 WO 2010088880A1 DE 2010000103 W DE2010000103 W DE 2010000103W WO 2010088880 A1 WO2010088880 A1 WO 2010088880A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound sensor
transmitter
measurement signal
receiver
tested
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2010/000103
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Retze
Wilhelm Meir
Original Assignee
Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh filed Critical Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh
Publication of WO2010088880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010088880A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/004—Testing the effects of speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2693—Rotor or turbine parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for improved performance of a spin test.
  • Components of turbine engines or gas turbines for propulsion of aircraft or for other mobile or stationary applications are also subject to a spin test in the course of development or random sampling during series production.
  • Other components exposed to high speeds in normal operation and therefore exposed to large centrifugal forces are regularly subjected to a spin test.
  • the component to be tested is rotated at a high speed, which is in the range of the maximum speed reached in the intended normal mode or above.
  • the speed and the temperature can be varied according to a predetermined program and accumulated cyclically.
  • the spin test is interrupted several times at predefined intervals o to inspect the component under test for cracks and other defects with nondestructive methods. This significantly prolongs the time required for the spin test. If the component being tested is not inspected enough time during the spin test, the component may burst during the test. As a result, the device provided for the spin test can be destroyed. Furthermore, after a fracture of the component, it is often no longer possible, or only with great effort, to determine the causative defect. Destruction of the component during the spin test can therefore cause not only great damage, but also a considerable loss of time or a considerable delay in the test program.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved apparatus and method for performing a spin test. This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention are based on the idea of carrying out a sound emission analysis in a spin test in order to be able to detect the formation of cracks or other defects online or in real time.
  • a sound emission analysis sound is detected during a load of a component, which is generated when cracks or other defects occur.
  • Acoustic emission analysis has hitherto been used, for example, in bridges and other civil engineering structures as well as other dormant facilities.
  • Acoustic emission analysis may allow more precise control of a spin test. For example, the spin test may continue until a desired number of sound-emitting events have been detected or until detected
  • Various embodiments of the present invention are further based on the idea of arranging a sound sensor for detecting structure-borne noise of a device to be tested in a spin test spatially spaced from a transmitter for transmitting a measurement signal of the sound sensor to a stationary receiver and the sound sensor 5 and the transmitter by a coupling device to pair.
  • the transmitter is arranged symmetrically to or near an axis of a spindle to enable simple digital or analog, inductive, capacitive, electromagnetic, optical or other transmission of the measurement signals to the receiver.
  • the sound sensor can be arranged at a distance from the axis, for example directly at the component to be tested. A good acoustic coupling of the test to be tested
  • an adapter between the component to be tested and the spindle can be formed be that sound from a bearing of the spindle or a transmission is only attenuated to the component to be tested and the sound sensor is transmitted. This can improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the coupling device comprises, for example, an electrical line or an optical waveguide or is designed for an inductive, capacitive, electromagnetic or optical transmission of the measurement signal from the sound sensor to the transmitter.
  • the coupling device can be connected, for example, via plug connectors or other connectors to the sound sensor and / or to the transformer.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for acoustic emission analysis in a spin test
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device for acoustic emission analysis in a spin test
  • Figure 3 is a schematic flow diagram.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for acoustic emission analysis in a spin test.
  • a component to be tested is exemplified a rotor disk 10 of a turbine engine or a gas turbine for aircraft or other mobile or stationary applications.
  • a spindle 20 of a spin test device is connected to the rotor disk 10 via an annular adapter 22.
  • a drive device, not shown in Figure 1 is formed to the spindle 20 and with it the adapter 22 and the rotor disk 10 with a controllable speed about an axis 28 to rotate.
  • the axis 28 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1.
  • the rotor disk 10, spindle 20 and adapter 22 are shown in broken lines to indicate that they are not necessarily part of the acoustic emission analysis apparatus described below.
  • the device for acoustic emission analysis comprises one or more sound sensors 31, 32, which are each coupled via an electrical line 41, 42 and optional plug connectors 43 to a transformer 50.
  • the transmitter 50 and a receiver 60 are arranged coaxially with the axis 28 of the rotor disk 10. In the illustration in FIG. 1, the receiver 60 covers the transmitter 50, so that both can not be distinguished from one another.
  • the transmitter 50 and the receiver 60 have a small axial distance.
  • the transmitter 50 is disposed on the spindle 20 so as to rotate together therewith.
  • the receiver 60 is arranged on a stationary device and does not rotate with the spindle 20.
  • the receiver 60 is coupled via a third electrical line 70 to an evaluation device 80.
  • the sound sensors 31, 32 are, for example, piezo sensors or other contact sound transducers or structure-borne sound pickups or vibration absorbers which convert structure-borne noise into 5 electrical, optical or other signals.
  • the sound sensors 31, 32 are tuned with regard to their sensitivity to the expected sound emission events.
  • Each of the sound sensors 31, 32 generates an analog or digital measurement signal that represents the detected structure-borne sound.
  • the measuring signal is transmitted to the transducer 50 via the electrical lines 41, 42 and optional plug connectors 43 on the sound sensors 31, 32 and / or on the transformer 50.
  • electrical lines 41, 42 for example, optical waveguides or other coupling means for transmitting measurement signals from the sound sensors 31, 32 provided to the transformer 50 be.
  • the coupling device or the coupling devices can be, for example, point-to-point connections or direct connections or have a bus architecture.
  • the transmitter 50 is designed to transmit the measurement signal (s) to the receiver 60.
  • the transmission between the transmitter 50 and the receiver 60 takes place, for example, inductively, capacitively, electromagnetically or optically.
  • the measurement signal is further transmitted via the third electrical line 70 to the evaluation device 80.
  • the third electrical line 70 may also be a light waveguide or other means for electrical, optical, electromagnetic, inductive or capacitive transmission of the measurement signals to the evaluation device 80 may be provided.
  • the evaluation device 80 can be arranged directly on the receiver 60 and / or integrated therewith.
  • the sound sensors 31, 32, the transformer 50, the receiver 60, the evaluation device 80 and the electrical lines 41, 42, 70 are adapted to the frequencies or frequency spectra, sound intensities and signal levels that occur when cracks occur.
  • the evaluation device 80 is designed to detect sound events that exceed predetermined measurement thresholds which lie in predetermined frequency ranges or have predetermined sound intensities, as relevant sound emission events that can be assigned to cracking or crack growth. Part of the signal conditioning required for this, in particular filtering with regard to frequency, level, intensity and / or energy, can take place in the sound sensors 31, 32, the transmitter 50 and / or the receiver 60.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for acoustic emission analysis in a spin test.
  • the illustration in FIG. 2 differs from the representation in FIG. 1 in that the axis 28 is not arranged perpendicularly but parallel to the plane of the drawing.
  • the rotor disk 10, the spindle 20 and the adapter 22 are therefore shown in a section along a plane containing the axis 28.
  • the transmitter 50 and the receiver 60 are arranged on the axis 28 and have a small axial distance.
  • the illustration in FIG. 2 also differs from the illustration in FIG. 1 in that a drive device 90 for rotating the spindle 20 is also shown.
  • the drive device 90 includes, for example, an electric motor, a transmission, a power supply, and a controller for the electric motor.
  • a control line between the evaluation device 80 and the drive means 90 for a data transmission between the two devices is also shown.
  • a spin test may be terminated by turning on the drive power, releasing a clutch, and / or braking the spindle 20.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 differs further from the apparatus described above with reference to FIG. 1 in that the sound sensors 31, 32 are arranged on different sides of the rotor disk 10.
  • the second electrical line 42 between the second sound sensor 32 and the transmitter 50 extends partially through the spindle 20 therethrough.
  • the second electrical line 42 has connectors 44, 45, 46 and can therefore be interrupted there.
  • the connectors 44, 45, 46 are arranged, for example, on the transformer 50, at the transition between the spindle 20 and the adapter 22 and / or at the transition between the adapter 22 and the rotor disk 10.
  • the sections of the electrical line 42 between the connectors 44, 45, 46 may, for example, remain in the spindle 20 or on the adapter 22 when the rotor disk 10 and / or the adapter 22 are replaced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for acoustic emission analysis in a spin test. Although this method is also applicable to devices which differ from the devices described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the following, by way of example only, reference numerals from FIGS. 1 and 2 are used to facilitate understanding.
  • a first step 101 one or more sound sensors 31, 32 are arranged on a component 10 to be tested and / or on a device rotating with the component to be tested, for example an adapter 20.
  • a transmitter 50 is arranged on a device provided for rotation, for example on a spindle 20 or an adapter 22.
  • the transformer 50 it may be advantageous to place the transformer 50 near or symmetrical about a rotation axis 28 about which the component 10 to be tested is to rotate.
  • the one or more sound sensors 31, 32 and the transformer 50 are spatially spaced from each other.
  • a third step 103 the sound sensor or sensors 31, 32 are coupled to the transmitter 50 by means of one or more coupling devices.
  • the coupling means may comprise one or more electrical leads 41, 42, optical fibers or other means for transmitting information.
  • the order of the first step 101, the second step 102, and the third step 103 may differ from the order shown in FIG.
  • a fourth step 104 the component 10 to be tested is rotated at a predetermined speed.
  • structure-borne noise is detected, which is generated when cracks or other defects develop in the component to be tested.
  • the structure-borne noise is detected by the sound sensor (s) 31, 32 which were arranged in the first step 101.
  • the sound sensor (s) convert the structure-borne noise into one or more measuring signals.
  • the measurement signal or signals from the sound sensor (s) 31, 32 are transmitted to the transmitter 50.
  • the measurement signal or signals are transmitted from the transmitter 50 to a receiver 60, for example, inductively, capacitively, electromagnetically or optically.
  • the measurement signal or signals are analyzed. In particular, signal levels, frequencies, intensities and / or energies are detected or filtered. Events of a predetermined quality are assigned to the formation of cracks in the component to be tested.
  • the ninth step 109 it is decided in the ninth step 109 whether or not a predetermined number of sound emission events or measurement signals of a predetermined quality have been registered.
  • the fourth step 104, the fifth step 105, the sixth step 106, the seventh step 107, and the eighth step 108 are repeated if the number of the previously registered acoustic emission events of the predetermined quality is still smaller than the predetermined number.
  • the method continues with the tenth step 110 when the predetermined number of acoustic emission events of the predetermined quality is reached.
  • the fourth step 104, the fifth step 105, the sixth step 106, the seventh step 107, the eighth step 108 and the ninth step 109 may be performed simultaneously continuously or quasi-continuously.
  • a tenth step 1 10 the spin test is terminated, for example, by switching off the drive power for rotating the component to be tested, by releasing a clutch and / or by braking. For this purpose, for example, directly to the drive means 90 and an engine control is accessed.
  • the tenth step 110 thus ends the continuous or quasi-continuous repetitive execution of the fourth step 104, the fifth step 105, the sixth step 106, the seventh step 107, the eighth step 108 and the ninth step 109.
  • the tenth step 1 10 is performed, for example, when sound emission events or measurement signals of a predetermined quality or a predetermined number of sound emission events or measurement signals of a predetermined quality are or have been registered.
  • any other process can be triggered.
  • the measuring program can be changed or another measuring program can be started.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'analyse des émissions sonores lors d'un test en centrifugeuse. Ce dispositif comporte un capteur sonore (31, 32) servant à capter le bruit de structure d'un élément de construction à tester (10) et à produire un signal de mesure, un transmetteur (50) servant à transmettre le signal de mesure, et un récepteur (60) servant à recevoir un signal de mesure transmis par le transmetteur (50). Le transmetteur (50) est conçu pour se monter sur l'élément de construction à tester (10) ou sur un autre dispositif en rotation (20, 22). Le récepteur (60) est conçu pour se monter sur un dispositif statique.
PCT/DE2010/000103 2009-02-05 2010-01-30 Dispositif et procédé pour la réalisation d'un test en centrifugeuse WO2010088880A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009007665.4 2009-02-05
DE102009007665A DE102009007665A1 (de) 2009-02-05 2009-02-05 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Durchführung eines Schleudertests

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010088880A1 true WO2010088880A1 (fr) 2010-08-12

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PCT/DE2010/000103 WO2010088880A1 (fr) 2009-02-05 2010-01-30 Dispositif et procédé pour la réalisation d'un test en centrifugeuse

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DE (1) DE102009007665A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010088880A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005017054A1 (de) * 2004-07-28 2006-03-23 Igus - Innovative Technische Systeme Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Zustandes von Rotorblättern an Windkraftanlagen
EP1927855A1 (fr) * 2005-09-21 2008-06-04 JTEKT Corporation Dispositif de mesure d émissions acoustiques, dispositif de transmission de puissance et dispositif de roulement

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4334799A1 (de) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Einrichtung zur Prüfung von Laufschaufeln
DE19923143A1 (de) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-23 Univ Dresden Tech Anordnung zur Online-Überwachung von versagenstoleranten Hochleistungsrotoren
GB2374670B (en) * 2001-04-17 2004-11-10 Rolls Royce Plc Analysing vibration of rotating blades

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005017054A1 (de) * 2004-07-28 2006-03-23 Igus - Innovative Technische Systeme Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Zustandes von Rotorblättern an Windkraftanlagen
EP1927855A1 (fr) * 2005-09-21 2008-06-04 JTEKT Corporation Dispositif de mesure d émissions acoustiques, dispositif de transmission de puissance et dispositif de roulement

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DE102009007665A1 (de) 2010-08-19

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