WO2010082731A2 - 적외선램프의 필라멘트 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
적외선램프의 필라멘트 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010082731A2 WO2010082731A2 PCT/KR2009/007689 KR2009007689W WO2010082731A2 WO 2010082731 A2 WO2010082731 A2 WO 2010082731A2 KR 2009007689 W KR2009007689 W KR 2009007689W WO 2010082731 A2 WO2010082731 A2 WO 2010082731A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- infrared lamp
- lamp
- infrared ray
- quartz tube
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a filament of an infrared lamp used as a heating device, such as an industrial drying furnace, and a method for manufacturing the same. More specifically, the filament of the infrared lamp having significantly improved infrared radiation efficiency, electrical performance, and durability by using a graphite thin plate. And to a method for producing the same.
- FIG. 1 is an exemplary view of such a conventional infrared lamp.
- the inner lead wires 3 at both ends of the filament 2 are connected to the relay piece 4, which is a metal foil, and then the other end of the relay piece 4 is connected to the outer lead wire 5.
- the filament 2 is inserted into the quartz tube 1 in which the filaments 2 are transparent, both ends are pinch sealed, and inert gas is injected therein.
- infrared rays are radiated from the filament 2 in the quartz tube 1 in all directions.
- the filament of the infrared lamp is usually made of a carbon material, and the carbon filament is formed into a strip shape by twisting a rod-shaped carbon sponge filament, a strip-shaped carbon sintered filament, and a plurality of strands of carbon yarn, and then spirally forming it.
- the formed spiral carbon strip filament There are several types, such as the formed spiral carbon strip filament.
- the filament of the conventional carbon material as described above has the following problems.
- the rod-shaped carbon sponge filament is very difficult to match the desired resistance value according to the resistance characteristics of the carbon itself, the density of the sponge is not uniform, there is a problem that the infrared rays are not evenly radiated due to the portion where the current does not flow, Since there is a problem that the life is shortened due to the temperature difference between the surface and the center.
- the strip-shaped carbon sintered filaments have an increased filament upon light emission, and warpage or deformation occurs due to a thin and wide width.
- the width is 10mm or more, the plastic working is difficult and the strength is weak, there is a problem that is difficult to manufacture a filament having a length of 500mm or more.
- long lamps are manufactured by connecting two or more short filaments with an intermediate medium, but a special adhesive for bonding the intermediate medium and the filament is easy to break the filament, and the intermediate medium does not emit light, so infrared radiation is uniform. There is a problem that can not be.
- the helical carbon strip filaments are stretched and bent when the filaments emit light, and as a result, the filaments come into contact with the walls of the quartz tube, which contaminates the quartz tube and, in severe cases, also causes the quartz tube to break.
- the inside of the filament is a cavity (cavity), there is a gap between the filament and the filament to concentrate the energy can not be used efficiently, low luminous efficiency compared to the surface area of the filament is high power consumption.
- the filament of the carbon material of the related art has a problem of low radiation efficiency and uneven radiation, high power consumption, short lifespan, and difficulty in manufacturing due to low productivity.
- the present invention has a uniform infrared radiation, high radiation efficiency, high heat resistance and durability, low power consumption, and is not difficult to manufacture. Its purpose is to provide.
- the present invention to manufacture the filament of the infrared lamp by coating a thin graphite (Graphite) with a special coating solution of silicon (silicon) series to achieve the above object.
- the present invention is to install a centering coil for supporting the filament, improve the structure of the insulator so that the external lead wire can be drawn in the horizontal or vertical direction as necessary, and quartz to reflect the infrared radiation emitted upward Install a reflective film on the surface of the pipe.
- the filament of the present invention and the infrared lamp using the same are uniform radiation of infrared rays, high radiation efficiency, high heat resistance and durability, low power consumption, it is not difficult to manufacture, there is an effect of high productivity.
- the filament of the present invention has a high heat resistance and strength and is easy to manufacture has the effect of producing a relatively long filament and infrared lamp without using an intermediate medium.
- the present invention is fixed to the filament is not detached even when the centering coil is applied to impact the quartz tube, and there is an effect that the filament does not sag down or adhere to the inner wall of the quartz tube even when thermal expansion occurs during light emission.
- the present invention has the effect of improving the structure of the insulator so that the outer lead line can be drawn in the horizontal or vertical direction as needed.
- the present invention can install a reflecting film on the surface of the quartz tube to reflect the infrared radiation emitted to the upper portion has the effect of increasing the radiation efficiency of the infrared ray.
- FIG 2 is an overall structural diagram of an infrared lamp of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the infrared lamp of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of insulators.
- FIG. 8 is a shape diagram of a filament to which a reflective film is applied
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a radiation angle of an infrared lamp employing the filament of FIG. 8.
- fixing clip 350 spring
- the present invention is formed by cutting the graphite thin plate into a graphite thin strip of the size to be used, the two graphite thin strips are integrally bonded by applying heat, and the integrally bonded graphite thin strip in an inert gas After the first heat firing, the coating solution of the silicon-based coating is naturally dried, then heat-fired in the same process as the first firing and then naturally cooled to prepare a filament of the infrared lamp.
- the present invention is to manufacture a filament of the infrared lamp by coating the thin graphite with a special coating solution of silicon series.
- Graphite has a variety of uses due to its unique properties, and unlike other materials, its strength increases even when heated to 2500 degrees Celsius, and does not change in size even when the temperature change is very large.
- Graphite is one of the most chemically stable materials and has excellent resistance to most acid and alkali chemicals, except for strong oxidation catalysts such as mixtures of Phosphoric Acid and Potassium Dichromate.
- strong oxidation catalysts such as mixtures of Phosphoric Acid and Potassium Dichromate.
- the ratio of strength to weight is very high, precision processing is very easy, and impurities can be removed through high purity treatment.
- inorganic materials are insulators and graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
- graphite has suitable properties as a material of filament, but also has inappropriate properties. That is, graphite starts to oxidize when it is 350 degrees Celsius or higher in the atmosphere or in an activated atmosphere. Therefore, when used in high temperature process, the vacuum must be maintained to suppress oxidation. On the other hand, when the silicon-based material is coated on the surface of the graphite, physical properties such as oxidation resistance and wear resistance are greatly improved.
- the present invention utilizes the characteristics of the graphite as described above to produce a filament having high productivity because the infrared radiation is uniform, radiation efficiency is high, heat resistance and durability, power consumption is low, and manufacturing is not difficult.
- compound (A) of about 25wt% (4: 1) of the mixture (C) is added to the mixture (C) to produce a silicone-based special coating solution.
- the silicone-based special coating solution produced is almost the same as the color of graphite, and when coated on the filament, the radiation efficiency is high due to the high transmittance of infrared rays during light emission, the durability of the filament is enhanced, and sagging due to thermal expansion The phenomenon is prevented.
- the infrared radiation energy is most strongly emitted in the mid-infrared wavelength band (generally 2 ⁇ 5um) of the infrared region.
- the mid-infrared energy has a wavelength band most suitable for drying a coated metal or non-metal based product, and in particular, exhibits excellent effects on drying of water-based paints, polymer resins, glass, paints, inks, and moisture.
- the permeability is very excellent, and the lamp lighting speed is only about 1 to 2 seconds, so the response speed is fast, thereby providing an excellent effect in terms of drying time.
- the graphite sheet is cut into 10 ⁇ 15mm width and the length is selected by considering the lamp output. For example, if the rated input voltage is 110VAC and the lamp output is 2.1KW, the graphite sheet is cut so that the width is about 13mm, the length is 720mm, and when the lamp output is 1KW, the width is about 13mm and the length is 370mm. .
- the two sheets of graphite thin strip thus formed are bonded together by applying heat.
- one sheet of graphite may be used, but in the case of one sheet, it is difficult to match the electrical characteristics, especially the desired resistance value, the size of the filament should be large, and the filament may be disconnected due to heat generation, and the elasticity of the filament is reduced due to the high durability. Since it may be deformed and it is difficult to maintain the horizontal state, it is preferable to produce a filament by joining two sheets of graphite thin strip.
- the graphite sheet strip in which the two sheets are bonded is fired by raising it to about 1100 degrees Celsius in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen and argon gas.
- an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen and argon gas.
- the silicon-based special coating solution is applied to the first calcined graphite sheet strip.
- the coating liquid is preferably applied twice but may be once or several times.
- the coated graphite thin strip is naturally dried and then subjected to secondary heating firing in the same process as the primary firing. In the same way, gradually cool by natural cooling.
- the filament of the present invention is produced, which is uniform in the infrared radiation, high radiation efficiency, high heat resistance and durability, and low power consumption.
- the use of the filament of the present invention facilitates the manufacture of the lamp.
- FIG. 2 is an overall structural diagram of an infrared lamp of the embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a plan view of the infrared lamp of the embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the centering coil
- Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the fixing clip
- Figure 6 is a spring 7 is a structural diagram
- FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of insulator.
- the filament 200 of the present invention manufactured as described above is positioned to protect the filament 200 and to radiate infrared rays as far as possible and to be transparent inside the quartz tube 100.
- the filament 200 is positioned in the center of the quartz tube 100, and then the centering coil 370 is inserted into the center of the filament 200 to fix the filament 200.
- the circular ring-shaped centering coil 370 has two rows of circumferential portions 371 formed therein to ensure stability, and a transverse insertion portion 372 is formed in the central portion of the filament.
- the 200 may be inserted into a slot 373 of the insertion part 372 to be fixed.
- the centering coil 370 Due to the structure of the centering coil 370, the filament 200 is fixed without being separated even if a physical impact such as shaking, laying, or standing the quartz tube from the outside or thermal expansion occurs during light emission. In addition, even when the filament 200 is stretched due to thermal expansion during light emission, the filament is not struck down, and thus the filament is prevented from adhering to the inner wall of the quartz tube 100.
- the centering coil 370 uses a wire made of molybdenum material having excellent temperature characteristics.
- the gasket 310 of the soft graphite thin plate is attached to the upper and lower ends of the filament 200, wrapped with the fixing clip 340, and then compressed.
- the width of the gasket 310 is equal to the width of the filament 200, the length is about 10mm and the thickness is about 1 ⁇ 2mm.
- the gasket 310 is also manufactured through a firing process at the same temperature as that of the filament 200 in order to prevent impurities from being emitted when the filament 200 emits light.
- the fixing clip 340 is fixed so that the contact state between the filament 200 and the gasket 310 is good.
- the fixing clip 340 has a plate-shaped support plate 341 and side plates such that the contact between the filament 200 and the gasket 310 is high without damaging the soft gasket 310. It is preferable to comprise the 342 and the upper plate 343.
- the connection plate 344 for connecting the spring 350 or the connection pin 360 to one side of the support plate 341 is formed, and the connection portion 344 forms a connection hole 345.
- the connecting pin 360 is connected to the connecting portion 344 of the fixing clip 340 of one side of the filament 200, and the end of the opposite side of the connecting pin 360 is connected to the relay piece 320.
- the relay piece 320 is a small thin plate and its size and material are selected in consideration of the current, voltage, and power flowing through the lamp. In the embodiment of the present invention, a molybdenum thin plate having a width of 7 mm, a length of 12 mm, and a thickness of 0.03 mm was used.
- connection portion 344 of the fixing clip 340 of the opposite side is connected to the spring 350, and the end of the opposite side of the spring 350 is connected to the relay piece 320.
- the hairpins 330 made of molybdenum are respectively connected to the outer ends of the relay pieces 320, and the outer lead wires 700 are connected to the outer ends of the hairpins 330, respectively.
- the connecting pin 360, the spring 350, the hairpin 330 is connected to the relay piece 320 by spot welding.
- the spring 350 is for absorbing finely stretched filament 200 due to thermal expansion during light emission, and should be sufficiently able to withstand high currents. Therefore, twisted several strands of wire made of molybdenum material having excellent temperature characteristics are formed into spirals again.
- the diameter of the helix should be about the same size as the inner diameter of the quartz tube 100 so that the change of the filament 200 during thermal expansion is small.
- the spring 350 is generally a spiral structure such as a coil spring (FIG. 6A), but a plate spring such as FIG. 6B or 6C is possible, and the thickness and width of the plate may be determined in consideration of the amount of current flowing through the filament 200. Select. In the case where the filament 200 has a length of 300 mm or less, the spring 350 may not be provided because of less thermal expansion.
- the spring 350 should be designed with sufficient consideration of thermal expansion elasticity, and the number of turns of the spring 350 should be 2.5 or more times.
- the spring 350 is preferably used only on one side. When installed on both sides has a disadvantage that the length of the quartz tube 100 is longer, the lamp is larger, and if the thermal expansion occurs in different directions may cause deformation of the filament 200.
- the relay piece 320, the hairpin 330, the fixing clip 340, the spring 350, the connecting pin 360 and the centering coil 370 is selected in consideration of the internal temperature.
- a molybdenum material is used, but a material such as tungsten or tantalum may be used.
- an inlet gas such as nitrogen, argon gas or a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon is injected through the injection hole 500 in the center of the quartz tube 100, and then the injection hole is sealed. This inert gas is injected to prevent oxidation of components inside the quartz tube 100 and to increase infrared radiation efficiency.
- the insulator 600 shown in FIG. 7 is inserted into the pinch portion 400 at both ends of the quartz tube 100 to be insulated so as to prevent a safety accident, and then fixed with a joint such as gypsum or back cement.
- the pinch portion 400 of the quartz tube 100 is inserted into the insertion groove portion 601 of the insulator 600 to be fixed with an adhesive, and the external lead wire 700 is drawn out to the lead portion 602.
- the insulator 600 of FIG. 7A may draw out the outer lead line 700 in the horizontal direction but may not be drawn out in the vertical direction, which may be inconvenient in some cases, and the overall volume becomes large. ) Is more preferable because the external lead wire 700 can be drawn out in a horizontal or vertical direction as needed.
- FIG. 8 is a shape diagram of a filament coated with a reflective film
- FIG. 9 illustrates a radiation angle of an infrared lamp employing the filament of FIG. 8.
- a reflector 800 on the top of the surface of the quartz tube 100, the infrared rays emitted upward may be reflected downward, thereby increasing the radiation efficiency of the infrared rays.
- the reflective film 800 is usually installed at half of the circumferential surface of the quartz tube 100, in which case the radiation angle is about 60 to 75 degrees as shown in FIG.
- the material of the reflective film 800 gold having the highest reflection efficiency is most used.
- a high brightness reflector may be installed to increase the reflection efficiency. In the absence of the reflective film 800, since about 40% of infrared rays are emitted above the lamp, the radiation efficiency is low and may adversely affect the structure in which the lamp is installed.
- the following table shows the result of measuring power consumption by filament.
- the maximum temperature is the temperature at the irradiation distance of 130mm.
- W / ° C is the amount of power consumed to raise the surface temperature of the building by 1 ° C.
- the use of the filament of the present invention is significantly less power consumption than when using the conventional filament. That is, when the filament of the present invention is used (921.2 W), it can be seen that only 50% of the power is consumed compared to the case of using the conventional spiral carbon strip filament (1,826 W).
- the filament of the present invention and the infrared lamp using the same are uniform radiation of infrared rays, high radiation efficiency, high heat resistance and durability, low power consumption, high productivity because it is not difficult to manufacture, heating device such as industrial drying furnace It can be used extensively.
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Abstract
Description
필라멘트 | 램프전압(V) | 램프전류(A) | 램프 소비전력(W) | 최대온도(°C) | W/°C | 반사막설치 여부 |
나선형카본 스트립 | 220 | 8.3 | 1,826 | 96 | 19.0 | X |
봉상카본스폰지 1 | 110 | 16.0 | 1,760 | 93 | 18.9 | X |
봉상카본스폰지 2 | 110 | 12.9 | 1,419 | 78 | 18.2 | X |
박판그라파이트 1 | 47 | 19.6 | 921.2 | 62 | 14.9 | X |
박판그라파이트 2 | 47 | 19.6 | 921.2 | 82 | 11.2 | O |
Claims (10)
- 적외선램프의 필라멘트 제조방법에 있어서,그라파이트 박판을 절단하여 사용하고자 하는 크기의 그라파이트 박판 스트립으로 형성하고,상기 그라파이트 박판 스트립 2매를 열을 가하여 일체로 접합시키고,상기와 같이 일체로 접합된 그라파이트 박판 스트립을 불활성가스 속에서 1차 가열 소성시킨 다음,실리콘 계열의 코팅용액을 도포하여 자연 건조시킨 후,다시 상기 1차 소성과 동일한 과정으로 가열 소성시킨 다음 자연 냉각시켜서 제조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적외선램프의 필라멘트 제조방법
- 제1항의 방법에 의하여 제조된 적외선램프의 필라멘트
- 제2항의 필라멘트를 이용한 적외선램프
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 필라멘트를 보호하는 역할을 하는 석영관의 내부에 상기 필라멘트를 고정시키는 센터링 코일이 설치된 적외선램프
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 필라멘트의 단부에 가스켓과 고정클립이 설치된 적외선램프
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 필라멘트의 단부에 스프링이 설치된 적외선램프
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 스프링이 코일스프링인 적외선램프
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 스프링이 판스프링인 적외선램프
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 필라멘트를 보호하는 역할을 하는 석영관의 핀치부에 절연을 위한 애자가 설치되고 상기 애자의 인출부가 수평방향과 수직방향으로 개방된 적외선램프
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 필라멘트를 보호하는 역할을 하는 석영관의 표면의 일부에 반사막이 설치된 적외선램프
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2009801098057A CN101978212B (zh) | 2009-01-16 | 2009-12-22 | 红外灯的灯丝及其制造方法 |
US12/918,700 US8133088B2 (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2009-12-22 | Filament for infrared lamp and method of manufacturing the same |
CA2717782A CA2717782C (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2009-12-22 | Filament for an infrared ray lamp and method for manufacturing same |
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KR10-2009-0003684 | 2009-01-16 | ||
KR1020090003684A KR100918918B1 (ko) | 2009-01-16 | 2009-01-16 | 적외선램프의 필라멘트 및 그 제조방법 |
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WO2010082731A2 true WO2010082731A2 (ko) | 2010-07-22 |
WO2010082731A3 WO2010082731A3 (ko) | 2010-10-07 |
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US (1) | US8133088B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100918918B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN101978212B (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2717782C (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2010082731A2 (ko) |
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KR101099999B1 (ko) | 2010-02-18 | 2011-12-28 | 김선미 | 적외선 램프 및 그것을 구비한 건조 장치 |
JP5918775B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-16 | 2016-05-18 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 誘電体バリア放電ランプデバイス、及び、誘電体バリア放電ランプデバイスが設けられた光学流体処理デバイス |
DE102011115841A1 (de) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-05-24 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Bestrahlungsvorrichtung |
FR3008019B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-07-17 | Sidel Participations | Module de chauffage comportant une lampe et une lentille fixee par une bride sur une partie non emissive de la lampe |
CN104916521A (zh) * | 2015-06-13 | 2015-09-16 | 浙江奇达光源有限公司 | 一种带灯丝支撑杆的球型红外反射卤素灯泡 |
KR101837891B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-03-13 | 이우주 | 액체 순환형 이중관 램프 |
JP2018152292A (ja) * | 2017-03-14 | 2018-09-27 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | ヒータ |
DE102018101053B4 (de) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-11-28 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrarot-Bestrahlungsmodul |
CN110777326B (zh) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-01-14 | 淮安亮谷光电科技有限公司 | 半镀金的高反射红外线加热空心管的制备方法 |
CN113260099B (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-28 | 南通兴胜灯具制造有限公司 | 一种电热式喷灯 |
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2009
- 2009-01-16 KR KR1020090003684A patent/KR100918918B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-12-22 CN CN2009801098057A patent/CN101978212B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-22 CA CA2717782A patent/CA2717782C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-22 US US12/918,700 patent/US8133088B2/en active Active
- 2009-12-22 WO PCT/KR2009/007689 patent/WO2010082731A2/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
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JP2000299178A (ja) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-10-24 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | 赤外線放射器および処理物品を加熱する方法 |
US20010055478A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Joachim Scherzer | Infrared radiator |
JP2002015842A (ja) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 赤外線電球及びそれを用いた装置 |
KR100657469B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-12-13 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 탄소 히터의 트위스트형 탄소 필라멘트 구조 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100918918B1 (ko) | 2009-09-23 |
CA2717782A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
CN101978212B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
CA2717782C (en) | 2013-08-06 |
US8133088B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 |
WO2010082731A3 (ko) | 2010-10-07 |
CN101978212A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
US20110266948A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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