WO2010079152A2 - Panneau chauffant infrarouge en plusieurs segments - Google Patents

Panneau chauffant infrarouge en plusieurs segments Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010079152A2
WO2010079152A2 PCT/EP2010/050016 EP2010050016W WO2010079152A2 WO 2010079152 A2 WO2010079152 A2 WO 2010079152A2 EP 2010050016 W EP2010050016 W EP 2010050016W WO 2010079152 A2 WO2010079152 A2 WO 2010079152A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
segment
segments
temperature
panel
during
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Application number
PCT/EP2010/050016
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English (en)
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WO2010079152A3 (fr
Inventor
Wim De Graeve
Original Assignee
Energy Products Group
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2010079152A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010079152A2/fr
Publication of WO2010079152A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010079152A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/04—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
    • F24C7/043—Stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to heating panels for indoor and outdoor heating applications, based on heating by infra red radiation.
  • IR heating panels are known in the art, e.g. metal panels provided with enamel layers and heated by electrical power.
  • Another example is disclosed in document FR2683919 in the form of a structure comprising an active layer which comprises carbon, zirconium grains, and an organometallic component such as Yterbium.
  • the active layer is obtained by mixing the components with water and thus preparing a paste, which is applied to a glass plate and subsequently dried in an oven.
  • Infra red-heating panels which are on the market today which comprise such an active layer in combination with a glass panel and activated by electrodes.
  • the active layer may further comprise metal oxides.
  • the specific composition of the active layer defines the characteristic of the heating device .
  • the infrared heater is 'active' when the heat source is turned on, thus heating up the active layer above ambient temperature, thus producing IR-radiation, through photon emission of some of the components (e.g. metal oxides), and regulation of said emission by other components (e.g. Yterbium) .
  • the infrared heater is ⁇ inactive' when the heat source is turned off, thus causing the active layer to lose its stored heat to the environment by means of radiation, conduction and convection finally arriving at ambient temperature.
  • the heating of the active layer can be by way of electrodes or by mechanical heat provided by a heated fluid in a container, e.g. a heat exchanger, arranged in contact with the active layer.
  • the active layer can also be made out of singular materials or multiple materials each with specific infrared emission properties.
  • the efficiency of an IR-heater is directly related to the temperature of the emitting surface. It can be said that the primary energy (electric, heating fluid) Qin is transformed into radiation heat (Qir) and heat which is distributed by other ways such as convection or conduction (Qcv+Qcd) . In an IR-heater, the latter two are regarded as a loss and must be minimised.
  • the efficiency ratio of an IR heater is defined as Qir/Qin.
  • the well- known ⁇ Stephan's law' states that the emitted energy Qir is proportional to the temperature of the emitting surface (in 0 K) to the fourth power, whereas the relation between the convection/conduction heat loss and temperature is less than a fourth-order relationship. This leads to the conclusion that the efficiency ratio Qir/Qin increases with increasing surface temperature.
  • a single heating panel can be heated at a fixed temperature (i.e. surface temperature) corresponding to the maximum temperature T max , that can be reached on the basis of the installed (i.e the maximum available) power of the heater.
  • the panel is then operated in active/inactive mode : ⁇ active' meaning that the panel is operated at a continuous surface temperature corresponding to T max , ⁇ inactive' meaning that the panel is not powered (i.e. the panel cools down to room temperature, unless it is activated again) .
  • Figure Ia illustrates this mode of operation : the panel is switched on into active mode at point A (ambient temperature) and heats up to point B where it reaches its maximum temperature T max .
  • the "active" (heating) curve (the flat portion of the curve in fig. Ia) is defined by the equilibrium between heating capacity versus heat losses. In other words, the full available power is supplied to the panel and an equilibrium is reached during which the panel emits at a continuous temperature equal to T max .
  • the "inactive" (cooling curve) is defined by the heat losses.
  • the panels can be provided with a power supply dimensioned so that T max equals the maximum allowable temperature Ti 1Itllt , so as to operate at maximum efficiency. However, because of the necessary time to heat up and cool down, this means that the panel will only work at maximum efficiency during a limited period of time.
  • the panel may be operated at a variable average operational temperature lower than T max .
  • the panel is controlled by an on/off mechanism, wherein a certain period ON is followed by a certain period OFF, and a subsequent sequence of on/off periods.
  • the panel is powered, i.e. the primary power/heat source (e.g. electrodes) is active, while during the ⁇ off period, the panel is not powered.
  • This on/off cycle will, depending on the kind of electronics/controls integrated in the IR heater, balance around a certain average target operating temperature set-point.
  • This set-point can be fixed (with the most simple IR heater control system) or it can vary dynamically (with the most intelligent control system) . This is a question of limiting overshoot and undershoot of the entire heating chain.
  • the IR heaters When ON, the IR heaters will consume its installed power capacity. The energy supplied will be partially used to generate IR radiation and it will be partially stored as mechanical heat buffer to emit IR radiation when turned OFF. When turned OFF, the IR heater will not consume any primary energy but it will emit IR radiation by using its stored heat buffer. The time ON in relation to the time OFF has all to do with the speed in which the IR heater heats up when ON and the speed in which the IR heater cools down when OFF.
  • the on/off mechanism to keep a panel at an average temperature lower than T max is illustrated in figure Ib.
  • the panel is ⁇ on' during a time tl, and ⁇ off during a time 2tl, resulting in an average temperature of Tmax.
  • the interval tl may equal 20s for example (i.e. 20s on, 40s off) .
  • the active/inactive mode can be applied in combination with the on/off mechanism.
  • the flat portion of the curve in figure Ia corresponds to an average temperature lower than T max , and is formed by turning the panel on and off as described in fig. Ib (i.e. in this case fig. Ib is a detail of the flat portion of the curve of fig. Ia) .
  • the present invention aims to provide infra red heaters with improved energy efficiency.
  • the invention is related to a heating panel and methods of controlling such a panel, as described in the appended claims.
  • the invention is related to a heating panel for producing heat by infra red radiation emitted from the panel, wherein said panel comprises multiple segments, capable of emitting independently from each other.
  • Each segment may be heated by a separate power source, which may be electrical or mechanical.
  • each each segment is coupled to a separate power source, and the panel comprises control means configured to control the surface temperature of each segment by switching the power source of a segment on or off, said on or off state being determined at least by the surface temperature and/or the on or off state of the other segments.
  • the on or off state may further be determined by a desired temperature in the space where the heating panel is located.
  • the control means are configured to maintain a plurality of segments at an average surface temperature, by switching said segments on and off according to a predefined sequence of ⁇ on' and ⁇ off periods, and wherein during an ⁇ on' period of a segment, at least one other segment is ⁇ off' .
  • said control means may configured to apply the following sequence of steps : o the first segment is on during a first time interval, while the other segments are off, o the second segment is on during a second time interval, while the other segments are off, o the third segment is on during a third time interval while the other segments are off, o wherein said sequence continues until the nth segment is on during an n th time interval, while the other segments are off, after which said sequence of steps is repeated.
  • Said first, second, third, up to said n th time intervals may be equal.
  • Said control means may be configured to or further configured to activate (i.e. switch on) the segments according to a predefined sequence of segments, so that more segments are activated or deactivated (switched on or off) when more or less heating is required.
  • Said control means may be configured to automatically activate or de-activate a next segment as soon as a previous segment has reached a pre-defined surface temperature.
  • said control means are configured to maintain a portion of the segments at a temperature corresponding to a maximum allowable temperature.
  • the panel may comprise a plate of IR- transparent material e.g. a glass plate, with multiple areas defined on said plate, a layer of active IR producing material being present on each of said area's, so that said layers of active material are separate from each other.
  • Each segment may be equipped with a temperature sensor, each sensor arranged to measure the temperature of said segment.
  • the panel may further comprise control means arranged to maintain one or more of said segments at a predefined temperature, the number of active segments depending on a required surface temperature in a room where the panel is installed. Said predefined temperature may be a maximum allowable surface temperature.
  • the invention is equally related to a method for controlling a heating panel for producing heat by infra red radiation emitted from the panel, wherein said panel comprises multiple segments, capable of emitting independently from each other.
  • each segment is coupled to a separate power source, and the surface temperature of each segment is controlled by switching the power source of a segment on or off, said on or off state being determined at least by the surface temperature and/or the on or off state of the other segments.
  • the on or off state may further be determined by a desired temperature in the space where the heating panel is located.
  • a plurality of segments is maintained at an average surface temperature, by switching said segments on and off according to a predefined sequence of ⁇ on' and ⁇ off periods, and wherein when during an ⁇ on' period of a segment, at least one other segment is ⁇ off' .
  • the segments are activated to operate at a given temperature (such as the maximum allowable temperature) in a sequence, so that more panels are activated or de- activated when more or less heating is required.
  • a given temperature such as the maximum allowable temperature
  • the method operates in a spill-over or reversed spill-over mechanism, wherein a next segment is automatically activated or deactivated as soon as a previous segment has reached a pre- defined surface temperature.
  • Figure Ia and Ib illustrate control methods for controlling the temperature of a heating panel according to the state of the art.
  • Figure 2 shows a view of a IR emitting heating panel according to the invention.
  • Figure 3a and 3b illustrate the spill-over and reverse spill over mechanism for regulating the temperature of a heating panel according to the invention.
  • Figure 4a and 4b illustrate methods for maintaining a panel according to the invention at a constant average temperature.
  • the present invention is related to an infra red heating panel for domestic or outdoor heating, comprising independent segments. Each segment can be powered separately, so that each segment is capable of being heated above ambient temperature independently from the other segments. Any type of IR-emitting material may be used as the segments, e.g. separated metal plates, individually heated by electrical or other heating means.
  • the heating panel of the invention comprises a panel of IR-transparent or semi-transparent material, such as a glass plate 1, with separate area's Sl, S2 and S3 defined on said plate, a layer 2 of active IR radiation producing material as defined above being present in each area, so that the active layers are separate from each other.
  • the manner of applying the active layers and the composition of said active layers may be according to known techniques and compositions. Isolating and/or reflecting materials may be provided at the back of the active layer, as known in the art.
  • the active layers are provided with separate powering means, e.g. separate electrodes 3, connected to electrical power sources 4, arranged to power said active layers.
  • separate mechanical heat sources could be provided, e.g. separate containers comprising a primary heating fluid, in heat-conductive contact with each of said active layers.
  • some active layers are powered by electrical means, and some others by mechanical means.
  • separate glass plates may be present in a common housing, each glass plate provided with an active layer, arranged to be heated by electrical or mechanical means.
  • the glass panel may be replaced by an enclosure comprising an IR-transparent medium or a vacuum.
  • Other shapes apart from rectangular or other patterns of segments can be produced according to the invention.
  • the pattern of the segments can be e.g. be proportional or progressive.
  • the heater of the invention is also not limited to a panel-shaped heater. Other shapes could be imagined by the skilled person on the basis of the present description.
  • a panel according to the invention is preferably operated in such a way that at any point in time when the panel is in a normal heating regime (so not including warming up and cooling down when the complete panel is switched on or off) , at least one segment is at a target surface temperature, e.g. corresponding to the maximum legally allowable temperature Ti 1Itllt .
  • a target surface temperature e.g. corresponding to the maximum legally allowable temperature Ti 1Itllt .
  • more segments are activated, preferably in a pre-defined sequence of segments.
  • one or more segments are deactivated.
  • Activating a segment means letting it heat up until it reaches a predefined operational temperature and maintaining it at said operational temperature determined by the installed power or by the on/off mechanism described above (figures Ia and Ib) .
  • each of the segments may operate at a continuous constant temperature T max determined by the installed power (as in figure Ia for a single panel), or each segment may be maintained at an constant average temperature (as in fig. Ib), for example oscillating between 155°C and 160 0 C (i.e. at an average of approximately 157, 5°C) .
  • the invention thus allows at least a portion of the panel to be constantly at a given temperature, preferably the maximum allowable temperature Tlimit, so that the efficiency Qir/Qin may be maximized.
  • each segment may be equipped with a temperature sensor 5, so that the panel may be coupled to a controlling means (e.g.
  • a PLC or a thermostat coupled between the temperature sensors and the powering means of the segments.
  • the control may take place on the basis of either one or both of the temperatures measured by these sensors.
  • the controller may or may not be incorporated in the heat panel.
  • the controlling means is arranged to activate one or more of the segments on the basis of the measured segment temperatures and preferably on a desired temperature value for the room or outdoor space to be heated (Ts) .
  • Operational temperatures can be the same (e.g. maximum allowable temperature) or different for each segment.
  • the room temperature may be controlled by activating more or less segments, possibly in pre-defined order.
  • the segments when 4 segments are present adjacent to each other, the segments may be activated in the order 1-3-2-4 and deactivated in the order 4-2-3-1. When 3 segments are present adjacent to each other, the segments may be activated in the order 1-2-3 and de-activated in the order 3-2-1.
  • each segment is heated up to its operational temperature (preferably Ti 1Itllt ) , which triggers the moment when another segment is automatically activated.
  • This is done in a spill-over mechanism that simply addresses the next segment once a previous segment has reached its own maximum emitting (surface) temperature.
  • the previous segment is then maintained at its operational temperature while the next one heats up.
  • This hand-over mechanism can be stopped when the heater receives a signal from the controlling means when enough heat is received (e.g. when a set room temperature is reached) .
  • the IR heater can then start operating in a reversed spill-over mechanism that gradually shuts down each segment (e.g. de-activating a segment when a previous segment has cooled down to a pre-defined temperature) .
  • the last segment that is put into operation might be lowered in emitter (surface) temperature in order to limit or avoid possible overshoot.
  • This control method makes that the IR heater always operates at the highest efficiency.
  • This spill-over mechanism is illustrated by the graph in figure 3a, for the heater shown in figure 2, having three segments Sl, S2 and S3, and each segment operated at a continuous temperature T max .
  • First Sl is heated until it reaches the T max at instant t s i.
  • the control means is programmed to automatically activate the segment S2 at this instant.
  • S3 is activated.
  • Figure 3b illustrates the gradual shutting down of the heater by the reverse spill-over mechanism.
  • each segment is always heated up to the maximum allowable temperature T iimit , and the temperature control is done by controlling the number of segments that are switched on or off. This means that at any time, the maximum allowable temperature can be applied on at least a portion of the complete heating panel. Even without having the maximum allowable temperature in each segment, it has been shown that such a regime allows an energy saving of up to 50% compared to the known panels controlled by active/inactive control.
  • a number of segments are operated at a given temperature (continuous or average) , preferably the maximum allowable temperature Ti 1Itllt , while one additional segment is operated in active/inactive mode in order to maintain a desired temperature.
  • a given temperature continuously or average
  • Ti 1Itllt the maximum allowable temperature
  • one additional segment is operated in active/inactive mode in order to maintain a desired temperature.
  • the third segment may be activated until the desired temperature is reached, and de-activated at that moment or when the desired temperature is exceeded by a predefined amount. In this way, the third segment is not constantly operating at maximum efficiency, but a desired temperature may be maintained.
  • a segmented panel according to the invention allows to maintain the panel (i.e. the complete panel) or at least a plurality of segments at a given average operational temperature, while only a limited amount of segments is powered at any given moment.
  • this segment in order to keep an individual segment at an average operational temperature lower than T max , this segment is powered in an on/off mode.
  • the control means is arranged so that when one segment is powered ( ⁇ on' ) , at least one other segment is not powered ( ⁇ off' ) . Due to the energy stored in the heat buffer in the non-powered segment, the total average temperature of the panel remains at a given level, while only a limited number of segments are powered at any time.
  • the controller can manage/limit the maximum amount of dissipated primary heat/power for the panel.
  • the ON period is half of the OFF period (as in the case shown in figure Ib)
  • the panel of figure 2 could be controlled to remain at a given surface temperature by switching the segments on during a time interval tl (e.g. 20s) and off during a subsequent time interval 2tl (e.g. 40s) .
  • segment Sl is switched on during a first time period tl, while segments S2 and S3 are off.
  • segments Sl and S3 are off and segment S2 is on
  • segments Sl and S2 are off and segment S3 is on.
  • Figure 4b shows a detailed graph of how this control method works in the case of a heater with three segments Sl, S2, S3 (such as the one shown in figure 2) .
  • Each segment is operated to irradiate at average temperature Tc, by being ⁇ on' during a time interval tl, and ⁇ off during a subsequent time interval 2tl, as in the normal on/off operation of a full panel (fig. Ib) .
  • Tc average temperature
  • the maximum allowable temperature is to be maintained, this means that one third of the nominal power is to be supplied to each segment during the time interval indicated in grey colour. At any moment in time, one third of said power is consumed. So even though the total power consumption is the same, the alternating power mode requires lower power peak consumption.
  • an individual segmented IR heater is equipped with a suitable communication device that allows communicating with other IR heaters, it is possible to manage/limit the maximum amount of dissipated primary heat/power for a group of IR heaters, or to use the method of activating more or less panels over several multi- segmented panels, by applying the above methods to the totality of the segments of several IR heaters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un panneau chauffant destiné à la production de chaleur au moyen du rayonnement infrarouge émis par le panneau. En l'occurrence, ce panneau comprend plusieurs segments capables d'émettre indépendamment les uns des autres, chaque segment étant couplé à une source d'alimentation électrique distincte (4). Ce panneau comprend des organes de commande (6) configurés pour réguler la température superficielle de segment par commutation marche-arrêt de la source d'alimentation électrique d'un segment, l'état de commutation marche-arrêt étant déterminé par une température souhaitée dans le volume où se situe le panneau chauffant, et par la température superficielle et/ou l'état commuté marche-arrêt des autres segments. L'invention concerne également un procédé de commande d'un tel panneau.
PCT/EP2010/050016 2009-01-07 2010-01-04 Panneau chauffant infrarouge en plusieurs segments WO2010079152A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14299509P 2009-01-07 2009-01-07
US61/142,995 2009-01-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010079152A2 true WO2010079152A2 (fr) 2010-07-15
WO2010079152A3 WO2010079152A3 (fr) 2010-10-21

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103225843A (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-07-31 陈孟春 远红外智能取暖器及其控制电路
FR3015011A1 (fr) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-19 Muller & Cie Soc Procede de regulation d'un appareil de chauffage par rayonnement et convection combines
CN105892313A (zh) * 2015-01-26 2016-08-24 宁波高新区易能电子科技有限公司 一种取暖器控制系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683919A1 (fr) 1991-11-18 1993-05-21 Danko Etienne Structure composite destinee a reflechir ou transmettre la chaleur, ensemble mettant en óoeuvre une telle structure et procede de fabrication d'un tel ensemble.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63201435A (ja) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-19 Sharp Corp 面状電気暖房器
JPH1061959A (ja) * 1996-08-19 1998-03-06 Hitachi Home Tec Ltd 電気暖房器の温度制御装置
FR2793642B1 (fr) * 1999-05-10 2001-08-03 Muller Et Cie Procede de regulation automatique de la puissance d'appareils de chauffage et dispositif associe

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683919A1 (fr) 1991-11-18 1993-05-21 Danko Etienne Structure composite destinee a reflechir ou transmettre la chaleur, ensemble mettant en óoeuvre une telle structure et procede de fabrication d'un tel ensemble.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103225843A (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-07-31 陈孟春 远红外智能取暖器及其控制电路
FR3015011A1 (fr) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-19 Muller & Cie Soc Procede de regulation d'un appareil de chauffage par rayonnement et convection combines
CN105892313A (zh) * 2015-01-26 2016-08-24 宁波高新区易能电子科技有限公司 一种取暖器控制系统

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