WO2010077181A1 - Электрическая машина - Google Patents
Электрическая машина Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010077181A1 WO2010077181A1 PCT/RU2009/000724 RU2009000724W WO2010077181A1 WO 2010077181 A1 WO2010077181 A1 WO 2010077181A1 RU 2009000724 W RU2009000724 W RU 2009000724W WO 2010077181 A1 WO2010077181 A1 WO 2010077181A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pole
- magnetic
- rotation
- winding
- central
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
- H02K1/148—Sectional cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
- H02K21/222—Flywheel magnetos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
- H02K21/222—Flywheel magnetos
- H02K21/225—Flywheel magnetos having I-shaped, E-shaped or similarly shaped armature cores
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, concerns the design features of electrical machines, namely generators or engines that can be used, for example, to drive vehicles.
- an electric motor comprising a rotor comprising two circular rows of permanent magnets and a stator including a circular series of electromagnets separated from each other.
- Each magnetically conducting element of an electromagnet has two pole parts connected, connected by a connecting part, axially relative to the axis of rotation. The winding of the electromagnet is placed on the connecting part of the magnetically conductive element.
- Permanent magnets in a pair are mounted next to each other so that their pole surfaces face each other with the same polarities and cross the circumferential direction. All pole surfaces of the magnetically conductive element lie in one plane parallel to the axis of rotation.
- the circular row of electromagnets covers the circular row of pairs of permanent magnets.
- the electromagnet winding is located on the central pole part of the magnetically conductive element.
- the disadvantage of this electric motor compared to the above analogs is the low torque with large heat losses in the windings due to the large magnetic resistance of the gap between the pole surfaces and the magnetic poles.
- the disadvantage is the pulsed nature of rotation, the principle of which is based on the repulsion of the magnetic poles facing each other from the pole surfaces of the central pole part.
- this electric motor cannot be performed in such a way that a circular row of pairs of permanent magnets would cover a circular row of electromagnets.
- an electric motor containing a rotor, including three circular rows of permanent magnets connected by a magnetic circuit, and a stator, including a circular series of electromagnets separated from each other.
- Each magnetically conducting element of the electromagnet has a central pole part and two lateral pole parts connected with it by connecting parts, separated from the opposite directions of the sides of the central pole axis, which are opposite in the axial direction of rotation from the axis of rotation. Angular dimensions the pole surfaces of the pole parts are substantially the same size.
- the electromagnet winding is made of two coils located on the connecting parts of the magnetically conductive element.
- a disadvantage of the known technical solution is the location of the winding on the connecting parts of the magnetically conductive element and the fact that the lateral pole parts are separated from the opposite directions in the axial direction of rotation of the sides of the central pole part. This makes it impossible to increase the torque without increasing the magnetomotive force of the windings, and accordingly, either increasing the level of heat loss in the windings at a constant mass of windings, or increasing the mass of the windings at a constant level of heat loss in them.
- the lateral pole parts are separated from the opposite directions of the sides of the central pole part, which are opposite in the axial direction of rotation, which makes it impossible to optimize magnetic fluxes in the magnetically conducting element to increase the torque by changing the distance between the centers of the pole surfaces.
- the basis of the invention is the task of eliminating the above drawbacks and creating a new highly efficient electric machine, which is characterized by improved technical characteristics by increasing the magnitude of the torque and power while reducing its mass and losses in the windings.
- the magnetic pole is the surface of a body made of magnetic material facing the radial working gap, on which the magnetization component normal to the surface is nonzero.
- angular size of the surface we mean the angle between two planes intersecting along the axis of rotation, which are tangent planes to the opposite sides of the surface.
- the angle between two planes intersecting along the axis of rotation, one of which passes through the center of one magnetic pole, and the other passes through the center of its neighboring magnetic pole, is identified as the angle between the magnetic poles.
- the angle between two planes intersecting along the axis of rotation, one of which passes through the center of the pole surface of the central pole part, and the other passes through the center of the pole surface of the lateral pole part, is identified as the angle between the pole surfaces.
- a circular row of elements means their location one after another around the axis of rotation.
- the achievement of the task is facilitated by the inclusion in the design of the electric machine, containing the first part and the second part, separated from each other by a radial working gap, arranged coaxially so that one covers the other; wherein the first part and the second part are mounted with the possibility of rotation of one while the other is stationary; moreover, the first part contains interconnected magnetic poles magnetic poles distributed with alternating polarity in a given number of circular rows; the second part contains electromagnets separated from each other, distributed on a non-ferromagnetic base in a circular row; despite the fact that each magnetically conductive element of the electromagnet has a central pole part and two associated side pole parts, assigned to the predetermined distance between the centers of adjacent pole surfaces in opposite directions in the direction of rotation from the sides of the central pole part; moreover, each pole part of the magnetically conductive element has a pole surface facing the radial working gap; wherein the coil of the electromagnet is placed on the magnetically conductive element so that part of the winding is located between the pole
- the direction relative to the axis of rotation in which the opposite sides of the central pole part, from which the associated lateral pole parts are related is the direction essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and the winding is placed on the Central pole part.
- the length of the winding located between the pole parts of the magnetically conducting element is longer than half the length of the entire winding.
- a magnetically hard material is selected as the magnetic material of said body, wherein the body is a permanent magnet, all said bodies being placed on an annular magnetic circuit, while the magnetic circuit includes permanent magnets and an annular magnetic circuit.
- a magnetically soft material was chosen as the magnetic material of the said body, with each body being placed between two permanent magnets, poles of the same polarity facing it, while one permanent magnet is placed between each two adjacent bodies, and the magnetic circuit includes said bodies and permanent magnets.
- a magnetically soft material is selected as the magnetic material of the said body, with each body covering a direct current excitation winding, and all the bodies placed on the ring magnetic core, the magnetic circuit including the said bodies and the ring magnetic core.
- the said bodies were made in one piece with the annular magnetic circuit.
- the central pole portion may be formed with at least one recess.
- the recess was made in the form of a hole through the direction coinciding with the direction of the axis of rotation.
- the recess was made in the form of a cut-out, through in a direction coinciding with the direction of the axis of rotation and open from the opposite pole surface of the central pole part. It is advisable that the magnetic flux created by the segment of the part of the winding located between the pole parts of the magnetically conducting element magnetize substantially the pole surfaces of the pole parts between which it is located.
- the distance between the centers of adjacent pole surfaces be set depending on the angle between the magnetic poles in a circular row.
- the distance between the centers of adjacent pole surfaces be set so that the angle between the pole surfaces is in the range from about 0.7 of the angle between the magnetic poles to about 1, 3 of the angle between the magnetic poles.
- the angle between the pole surfaces is selected from a range from about 0.7 of the angle between the magnetic poles to about 1, 1 of the angle between the magnetic poles.
- the magnetic pole of the first part is a surface made of soft magnetic material from the body, the angle between the pole surfaces is selected from a range from about 0.9 of the angle between the magnetic poles to about 1, 3 of the angle between the magnetic poles. It is advisable that the angular size of the pole surface of the side pole part be set depending on the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole part.
- the angular size of the pole surface of the side pole portion is selected from a range from about 0.55 of the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole portion to about 0.95 of the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole portion.
- the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole portion may be selected from a range from about 0.55 of the angular size of the magnetic pole to about 0.95 of the angular size of the magnetic pole.
- the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole part can be selected from a range from about 0.7 of the angular size of the magnetic pole to about 0.95 of the angular size of the magnetic pole.
- the central pole portion is made without a notch, the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole portion can be selected from a range from about 0.55 angular size of the magnetic pole to about 0.80 angular size of the magnetic pole.
- the centers of the pole surfaces of all the magnetically conductive elements lie essentially on the same circle.
- Figure 1 schematically depicts a perspective view of the main elements of an electric machine in an exploded view.
- Figure 2 depicts a perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention performed with a housing element and a shaft.
- Fig. 3 schematically depicts in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation a view of a fragment of the first part in its first embodiment.
- Figure 4 schematically depicts in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation a view of a fragment of the first part in its second embodiment.
- Figure 5 schematically depicts in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation a view of a fragment of the first part in its third embodiment.
- Fig.6 schematically depicts a perspective view of a magnetically conductive element of an electromagnet.
- FIG. 7 schematically depicts in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation a view of a magnetically conductive element of an electromagnet.
- Fig. 8 schematically depicts in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation a view of a magnetically conductive element of an electromagnet made with a recess in the form of a through hole.
- Fig.9 schematically depicts in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation a view of a magnetically conductive element made with a recess in the form of an open cutout.
- Figure 10 schematically depicts views of a magnetically conductive element made with several recesses, where Figure 10a is a view in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation; Figure 10b is a section along A-A of Figure 10a; Fig. 10c is a section along B-B of Fig. 10a.
- Figure 11 schematically depicts an electromagnet, where Figure 11a is a plane view perpendicular to the axis of rotation, Figure 11b is a view along arrow A of Figure 11a.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention without a housing element and shaft.
- 13 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention without a housing element and shaft.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a fragment of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
- permanent magnets are indicated by 1
- annular magnetic circuit is indicated by 2
- electromagnets are indicated by 3
- magnetically conductive elements of electromagnets 3 are indicated by 4
- windings of electromagnets 3 are indicated by 5
- a base is indicated by 6
- a shaft is indicated by 6
- a rotation axis is indicated by 7 7a
- the housing element is indicated by 8
- the side support elements are indicated by 9
- the bearings are indicated by 10
- auxiliary element is indicated by 11.
- the magnetically conductive element 4 is an electromagnet magnetic circuit.
- a cylindrical housing element 8 made of a non-ferromagnetic material encloses an annular magnetic core 2 rigidly connected with it, made of a ferromagnetic material.
- An annular magnetic core 2 covers the base 6, which is made of a non-ferromagnetic material, for example, aluminum-based alloys.
- the base 6 covers the shaft 7 and is rigidly connected with it by auxiliary element 11.
- the base 6 may be integral with the auxiliary element 11 (not shown).
- Permanent magnets 1 are placed on the inner surface of the annular magnetic circuit 2, and the magnetically conductive elements 4 of the electromagnets 3 are placed on the outer surface of the base 6 and are rigidly connected with it.
- the permanent magnets 1 and the annular magnetic circuit 2 relate to the first part of the electric machine
- the electromagnets 3 and the base 6 relate to the second part of the electric machine.
- the first and second parts are mounted coaxially with the possibility of rotation of one while the other is stationary around the axis of rotation 7a, while the first part covers the second part.
- Permanent magnets 1 are distributed in one circular row around the axis of rotation 7a.
- the electromagnets 3 are separated from each other and distributed in one circular row around the axis of rotation 7a.
- the circular row of permanent magnets 1 covers a circular row of electromagnets 3 and is separated from it by a radial working gap 12.
- the housing element 8 is rigidly connected with lateral supporting elements 9 located on its end sides, which, in turn, are connected to the shaft 7 by means of rolling bearings 10.
- One of the lateral supporting elements 9 can be integral with the housing element 8
- the permanent magnets 1, rigidly connected with the annular magnetic circuit 2, are pre-magnetized bodies made of magnetically hard material. One of the poles of each permanent magnet 1 is turned towards the magnetically conducting element 2, and the other is turned to the working gap 12.
- the surface of the permanent magnet 1 facing the radial working gap 12 is the magnetic pole of the first part in its first embodiment.
- the magnetic poles of the first part of the corresponding polarity are designated N or S.
- the axial length of the magnetic pole, measured along the line of intersection of the magnetic pole with a plane parallel to the axis of rotation 7a, is indicated by L and shown in FIG. 2.
- the value of L of all magnetic poles in a circular row is essentially the same.
- the magnetic pole of the first part can be the surface of a body 13 made of soft magnetic material, placed on the inner surface of the housing element 8 between two permanent magnets 14.
- the magnetization of the surface of the body 13 is provided by permanent magnets 14, between which it posted.
- the first part has a plurality of magnetic poles of bodies 13 (13i, 13 2 , 13z ... 13p) distributed in a circular row, as well as a plurality of bodies 13 of permanent magnets 14
- each of which is placed between two adjacent bodies 13 so that to each body 13 the permanent magnets 14 between which it is placed are turned by poles of the same polarity.
- the surface of the body 13 facing the radial working gap i.e., the opposite surface facing the housing element 8) is the magnetic pole of the first part in its second embodiment.
- the magnetic poles of the corresponding polarity are designated N or S.
- the magnetic pole of the first part is the surface of the electromagnet 16 made of soft magnetic material of the body 15 and facing the radial working gap.
- the magnetization of the surface of the body 15 is provided by the direct current enveloping excitation 17 of it.
- the body 15 is the core of the electromagnet 16.
- the first part contains a plurality of magnetic poles (p) of the bodies 15 (15i, 15 2 , 15 3 , ...
- the winding 17 located on the inner surface of the annular magnetic circuit 2 and distributed in in a circular row, and the winding 17 consists of many coils (17i, 17 2 , 17 3 , ... 17p) in the number of bodies 15.
- the bodies 15 in this embodiment of the first part can be integral with the annular magnetic core 2 (not shown).
- the magnetic poles of the corresponding polarity are designated N or S. In any embodiment of the first part, the magnetic poles are interconnected by a magnetic circuit.
- the magnetic circuit includes sources of constant magnetic flux - permanent magnets 1 and an annular magnetic core 2 on which they are placed.
- the magnetic circuit includes made of soft magnetic material of the body 13 and the sources of constant magnetic flux located between them - permanent magnets 14.
- the magnetic circuit includes cores 15 of electromagnets 16 — sources of constant magnetic flux and an annular magnetic core 2 on which they are placed.
- the centers of all magnetic poles lie essentially on the same circle, centered on the axis of rotation 7a and radius R 1 shown in FIG. 4 for the magnetic pole N of the body 13 ⁇ of the magnetic pole S of the body 13 2 , and the magnetic pole N of the body 13z.
- the angle between the magnetic poles is essentially the same. The angle between the magnetic poles is indicated by ⁇ and shown in
- the angular dimensions of the magnetic poles of the first part have essentially the same value and are denoted by the position ⁇ shown in Fig.Z-Fig.5.
- the electromagnets 3 of the second part of the electric machine are identical and each of them contains a magnetically conductive element 4 and a winding 5 ( Figure 1).
- the magnetically conductive element 4 of each electromagnet has a central pole portion 18 with the pole surface 18a facing the working air gap, two side pole parts 19 and 20 with the pole surfaces facing the radial working gap, respectively 19a and 20a and two connecting parts 21 and 22.
- the lateral pole parts 19 and 20 are allocated from the opposite sides in the circumferential axis of rotation of the direction of the sides of the central pole part 18, respectively 23 and 24 (Fig.7).
- the connecting part 21 is located between the side 23 of the Central pole part 18 and the opposite side of the side pole part
- the connecting part 22 is located between the side 24 of the Central pole part 18 and the opposite side of the side pole part 20 (Fig.7).
- the central pole part 18, the side pole parts 19 and 20 protrude relative to the connecting parts 21 and 22 from the side of their surfaces facing the radial working clearance.
- the Central pole part 18, the side pole part 19, the side pole part 20 and the connecting parts 21 and 22 are rigidly interconnected and can be made in one piece, as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.
- the magnetic conductive element 4 can be made laden - in the form of a set of plates of electrical steel or pressed from a ferromagnetic powder.
- the centers of the pole surfaces 18a, 19a and 20a of the magnetically conductive element 4 lie essentially on the same circle with a radius indicated by the position r and with a center coinciding with the axis of rotation 7a (Fig.6).
- the lateral pole parts 19 and 20 are allocated from the opposite sides 23 and 24 of the central pole part 18 to the distance C between the centers of the adjacent pole surfaces (FIG. 6).
- the angle between the pole surfaces 18a and 19a is equal to the angle between the pole surfaces 18a and 20a and is denoted by the position ⁇ (Fig.6).
- the angle ⁇ is selected depending on the angle ⁇ .
- the Central pole portion 18 of the magnetically conductive element 4 can be made with a recess 25, as shown in Fig.8 - Fig.9.
- the recess 25 shown in Fig. 8 is made in the form of an elongated in the radial direction and through in the direction coinciding with the direction of the axis of rotation, holes.
- the recess can be made in the form of a cut-out, through in the direction coinciding with the direction of the axis of rotation and open from the opposite pole surface of the central pole part, as shown in Fig.9.
- the central pole portion 18 of the magnetically conductive element 4 can be made with several recesses in the form of holes, or with one recess in the form of a cutout and at least one in the form of a hole (not shown).
- the central pole portion 18 of the magnetic element 4 can be made with several recesses indicated by one position 25, part of which (indicated by 25 a) is made open from the opposite pole surface of the central pole parts, and part (25b) is formed inside the body of the central pole part.
- the windings 5 of all electromagnets 3 are identical and each winding, as shown in FIG. 11, is a single coil, covering the Central pole part 18.
- the winding 5 is placed on the Central pole part, while part of the winding is located between the pole parts of the magnetically conductive element.
- the lengths of the pole surfaces 18a, 19a and 20a of the magnetically conductive element in the axial direction (i.e., along the axis of rotation 7a), each of which is measured along the line of intersection of the corresponding pole surface with a plane parallel to the axis of rotation 7a, have the same value and are indicated in Fig. 11b the position of L 2 .
- the value of L is essentially equal to the value of L 2 .
- the part of the winding 5 Located between the pole parts of the magnetically conductive element, the part of the winding 5 consists of two segments, one of which
- each segment in the axial direction is substantially equal to L 2.
- L 2 is selected so that the part of the winding located between the pole parts of the magnetically conductive element is longer than half the length of the entire winding, since the magnetically motive force of the winding is essentially created by the part of the winding covered by the magnetically conductive element (i.e., located between the pole parts of the magnetically conductive element )
- the required magnitude of the magnetomotive force of the winding is achieved by performing the winding from one coil, while the central pole part of the magnetically conducting element 4 is the core of the electromagnet 3, since it is covered by the winding 5.
- the design of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 12 differs from the design shown in FIG. 2 in that there is no housing element and shaft.
- An annular magnetic circuit 2 is rigidly connected to the side support elements 9 by means of pins 26.
- the side support elements 9 are connected to the base 6 by means of, for example, plain bearings 27, which ensures the coaxiality of the first part with respect to the second part and the possibility of rotation of the first part.
- This design is advisable in the case of large diametrical dimensions of the electric machine or if it is necessary to pair it with some actuator, for example, in the drive of a lathe chuck without using a variable gearbox. This execution is also possible for the second and third incarnations of the first part.
- each body 13 is rigidly connected to the side support elements 9, for example, by means of studs (not shown).
- each core 15 or magnetic core 2 is rigidly connected to the side support elements 9, for example, by means of studs (not shown).
- FIG. 13 A second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 13 and
- the second part covers the first part, i.e. the circular row of electromagnets 3 covers the circular row of magnetic poles facing the radial working gap 12 of the surfaces of the permanent magnets 1.
- the base 6 covers an annular magnetic core 2, covering the shaft 7 and rigidly connected to it by an auxiliary element 11 made of non-ferromagnetic material.
- Permanent magnets 1 (first embodiment of the first part) are placed on the outer surface of the annular magnetic circuit 2.
- the magnetically conductive elements 4 of the electromagnets 3 are placed on the inner surface of the base 6 and are rigidly connected with it.
- the base 6 is rigidly connected with the lateral supporting elements 9 located on its end sides, which are connected to the shaft 7 by means of rolling bearings 10.
- the base 6 in this design performs the function of a housing element.
- One of the side supporting elements 9 can be made in one piece with the base 6 (not shown).
- the embodiment of the second embodiment of the invention without a shaft, while the magnetically conductive elements 4 are rigidly connected to the side support elements 9, for example, by means of pins 26, and the side support elements 9 are connected to the auxiliary element 11 by, for example, bearings slip 27, which ensures the coaxiality of the first part relative to the second part and the possibility of rotation.
- the side support elements 9 with studs 26 perform the function of the base.
- first part is rotatably mounted with the second part stationary, or a version in which the second part is rotatably mounted with the first part stationary.
- first part is rotatably mounted with the second part stationary
- second part is rotatably mounted with the first part stationary.
- the current winding is excited Variant 17 can be supplied, for example, by means of sliding contacts including brushes 28 and electrically conductive rings 29, as shown in FIG.
- the brushes 28 in this case rotate, and the electrically conductive rings 29 mounted on the holding element 30 made of non-conductive material are stationary.
- current can be supplied to the windings of the electromagnets 3 in a similar way (not shown).
- the electric machine of any embodiment may be used both as an engine and as a generator.
- the machine’s torque engine torque or the generator’s anti-rotation moment
- the adjacent pole surfaces 19a and 18a (18a and 20a) of the magnetically conductive element 4 shown in FIG. 11 are magnetized in the opposite polarity from the action of the current flowing in the winding 5.
- the magnetic flux generated by the segment 5a (5b) of the part of the winding located between the pole parts of the magnetically conducting element magnetizes the pole surfaces 19a-18a (18a-20a) in the opposite polarity, and the pole surfaces 18a-20a (19a-18a ) in the same polarity.
- the magnetic flux generated by the segment 5a (5b) when passing through the pole surface 18a has a value substantially equal to the difference in the magnitude of the magnetic flux passing through the pole surfaces 19a and 20a (20a and 19a).
- the magnetically conducting element 4 When the magnetically conducting element 4 is recessed, the magnetic flux generated by the segment 5a (5b) of the winding portion located between the pole parts of the magnetically conducting element magnetizes the pole surfaces 19a-18a (18a-20a) in the opposite polarity, and the pole surface 20a (19a) is essentially not magnetizes, i.e. the magnetic flux generated by the segment 5a (5b) when passing through the pole surface 18a is essentially the same value as when passing through the pole surface 19a (20a).
- the recess 25 provides optimization of the passage of magnetic fluxes in the magnetically conductive element and reduces the mutual influence of the segments located between the pole parts of the magnetically conductive element parts of the winding against each other, which leads to an increase in torque.
- the recess leads to an increase in the length of the winding and an increase in losses in them, its presence is most appropriate when the part of the winding located between the pole parts is more than 0.6 along the length of the entire winding.
- the form of the magnetically conducting element (with or without a notch), as well as specific values of the angular dimensions ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and the distance C ( ⁇ ) between the centers of the adjacent pole surfaces are selected to achieve the maximum possible torque of the electric machine at the minimum possible mass of electromagnets and minimal losses in the windings.
- the maximum possible torque is achieved by the maximum values of the magnetic induction in the radial working gap at the highest concentration of magnetic flux on the pole surfaces of the magnetically conductive elements.
- angles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ will be in the ranges selected for all designs.
- angle ⁇ (the angular size of the pole surface of the central pole part) is in the range from about 0.55 ⁇ to about 0.95 ⁇
- ⁇ (the angular size of the pole surface of the side pole part) is in the range from about 0, 55 ⁇ to about 0.95 ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ is preferably selected from a range of from about 0.7 ⁇ to about 0.95 ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ can be selected from a range of from about 0.55 ⁇ to about 0.80 ⁇ . It has also been empirically established that the distance C between the centers of the adjacent pole surfaces is set so that the angle ⁇ (the angle between the pole surfaces) lies in the range from about 0.7 ⁇ ( ⁇ is the angle between the magnetic poles) to about 1.3 ⁇ . Moreover, when performing the first part in its first embodiment, the angle ⁇ is selected from the range from about 0.7 ⁇ to about 1.1 ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ is selected from a range of from about 0.9 ⁇ to about 1, 3 ⁇ .
- the value of the angle ⁇ (the angular size of the magnetic pole) for a particular design is selected as much as possible based on the number p of magnetic poles, while the value of the angle ⁇ must exceed a value equal to half the sum of ⁇ and ⁇ to ensure that the winding is placed between the pole parts with the possibility of creating the required magnitude of magnetomotive force.
- the distribution of electromagnets is determined by the angle chosen for each pair of neighboring electromagnets between two planes intersecting along the axis of rotation, one of which passes through the center of the pole surface of the central pole of the magnetically conductive element of one electromagnet, and the other passes through the center of the pole surface of the central pole of the magnetically conductive element of the other an electromagnet, hereinafter identified as the angle between the electromagnets.
- the angle between the electromagnets is indicated by ⁇ and shown in FIG. 16 for adjacent electromagnets Za and Zb.
- the electromagnets 3 in a circular row are separated from each other to exclude a significant mutual influence of magnetic fields. Moreover, the centers of the pole surfaces of all magnetically conducting elements lie essentially on the same circle with a radius equal to r. To create a continuous torque of the engine (or counteracting the rotation of the generator moment), the angle ⁇ should not be a multiple of the angle ⁇ .
- each magnetically conducting element 4 When the first or second parts rotate, the magnetic flux in each magnetically conducting element 4 periodically changes its direction with respect to a rotation angle with a period of 2 ⁇ , which leads to the appearance on each winding 5 of a periodic electromotive force (EMF) with a period of 360 electric degrees.
- EMF electromotive force
- the current in the winding is created by applying voltage from a voltage source (not shown) when the machine is in motor mode or induced EMF of the winding 5 when it is connected to a load (not shown) when the machine is in generator mode.
- the direction of the current flowing in the winding of each electromagnet to create torque in a given direction is set depending on the polarity of two adjacent magnetic poles, between which at the given time is the center of the pole surface of the central pole part of the magnetically conducting element.
- the current direction in the motor mode is set so that the pole surface of the central pole part is magnetized in the same polarity due to the current polarity magnetic pole, which from the pole surface is in the direction coinciding with the direction of the generated torque.
- the current direction in the motor mode is set so that the pole surface of the central pole part is magnetized in the same polarity as the polarity of that magnetic pole, which from the pole surface is in the direction opposite to the direction of the generated torque.
- the direction of the current flowing in the winding of each electromagnet is determined by the polarity of two adjacent magnetic poles, between which at the given moment is the center of the pole surface of the central pole part of the magnetically conducting element and the load parameters.
- the magnetic poles of the first part which are the surfaces of the permanent magnets I 1 , 1 2 , 1s > 1 4 , and 1 5, have polarity S, N, S, N and S.
- the center of the pole surface 18a of the central pole portion 18 of the magnetically conductive element of the electromagnet 3 1f is located between the centers of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets I 1 H 1 2 .
- the center of the pole surface 18a of the Central pole part 18 of the magnetically conductive element of the electromagnet 3 is located between the centers of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 1 4 and 1 5.
- the permanent magnets I 1 and 1 4 are displaced counterclockwise relative to the pole surfaces 18 a of the magnetically conductive elements of the electromagnets S 1 and 3 2, respectively.
- the pole surface 18a of the magnetically conductive element of the electromagnet Z-v is magnetized in polarity S by the current flowing in the winding S 1 , the direction of which is indicated by the arrow I 1 (from the observer).
- the pole surface 18a of the magnetically conducting element of the electromagnet 3 2 is magnetized in polarity N by the current flowing in the winding 5 2 , the direction of which is shown by the arrow I 2 (towards the observer).
- the direction of the current I 2 B of the winding 5 2 is opposite to the direction of the current I 1 in the winding 5L
- the force interaction creating a torque occurs when the center of the pole surface 18a of the magnetically conductive element of the electromagnet Z-v (3 2 ) is located in its position between the centers of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets I 1 and 1 2 (1e and 1 5 ). Power the interaction is not carried out when finding the center of the pole surface 18a of the magnetically conducting elements of the electromagnets 3 opposite the center of the magnetic pole (not shown).
- the current control in the windings 5 can be provided by known control units, configured to determine the position of the first part relative to the second and supply voltage of the corresponding phase and magnitude to each winding.
- Weight is 6.2 kg. Diameter 190 mm.
- the axial length is 70 mm.
- the ratio of maximum torque to mass is 32 Nm / kg.
- the ratio of torque to power heat loss in the windings with a torque of 20 kgm is 9.3 kgm / kW; with a torque of 15 kgm is 14.5 kgm / kW; with a torque of 7.5 kgm is 35 kgm / kW.
- the proposed technical solution in any design has the following ⁇ - 1.5 times greater torque, with the same mass and the same heat loss in the windings;
- a smaller magnitude of the magnetomotive force of the windings can reduce their mass (reduce the wire cross section, reduce the number of turns), which leads to a decrease in the ratio of the inductance of the winding to its active resistance (time constant) and allows you to increase the frequency of the current in the winding and increase the speed of rotation, thereby increasing power of an electric machine.
- the distance between the centers of adjacent pole surfaces is set substantially equal to the distance between the centers of the magnetic poles in the axial direction
- the distance between the centers of the adjacent pole surfaces is selected from the range, which allows to optimize the distribution of magnetic fluxes in the magnetically conductive element and with the same mass of the magnetically conductive element as the prototype be 30-50% weight of the magnetic circuit linking the magnetic poles.
- the angular size of the pole surface of the side pole part is set depending on the angular size of the magnetic pole
- the angular size of the pole surface of the side pole part is selected from the range depending on the angular size pole surface of the Central pole part, which allows additional optimization of the distribution of magnetic fluxes in the magnetically conductive element.
- the proposed design is highly efficient. Moreover, due to the design features of the magnetic system, the electric machine is characterized by technological simplicity and greater reliability.
- An electric machine made in accordance with the first or second embodiments can be effectively used as a motor wheel of a vehicle, such as an electric bicycle.
- the maximum permissible load capacity, the angle of the climb to overcome and the range are increased.
- devices requiring minimally permissible values of geometrical dimensions in the radial direction for example, drives of oil well pumps, it is most expedient to use the first embodiment with a rotating second part. If it is necessary to perform an electric machine with a rotating shaft, for example, in drives of general industrial use, it is most expedient to use the second embodiment with a rotating first part.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200980155995.6A CN102308460B (zh) | 2008-12-29 | 2009-12-25 | 电机 |
BRPI0923755A BRPI0923755A2 (pt) | 2008-12-29 | 2009-12-25 | "máquina elétrica". |
EP09836455.7A EP2429068B1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2009-12-25 | Electric machine |
US13/170,692 US8772998B2 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2011-06-28 | Electric machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2008152465/09A RU2396675C1 (ru) | 2008-12-29 | 2008-12-29 | Электрическая машина |
RU2008152465 | 2008-12-29 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/170,692 Continuation US8772998B2 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2011-06-28 | Electric machine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010077181A1 true WO2010077181A1 (ru) | 2010-07-08 |
Family
ID=42309994
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2009/000724 WO2010077181A1 (ru) | 2008-12-29 | 2009-12-25 | Электрическая машина |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8772998B2 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP2429068B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN102308460B (ru) |
BR (1) | BRPI0923755A2 (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2396675C1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2010077181A1 (ru) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014508823A (ja) * | 2011-01-20 | 2014-04-10 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 水性ポリウレタン被覆剤および当該被覆剤から製造された、高い耐引掻性および良好な耐化学薬品性を有する被覆 |
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DE102013202011A1 (de) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Antriebsmotor zum getriebelosen Antrieb eines Zweirads |
DE102014018309A1 (de) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | eMoSys GmbH | Permanenterregte elektrische Maschine |
DE102015015337B4 (de) * | 2015-09-01 | 2018-06-21 | Abp Induction Systems Gmbh | Induktionstiegelofen und magnetischer Rückschluss hierfür |
JP6609368B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-09 | 2019-11-20 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | 中空単相誘導モータ |
US10637312B2 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2020-04-28 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Motor magnet placement to alter generated sound |
US10367399B2 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2019-07-30 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Motor with adjustable back-electromotive force |
US10581358B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-03-03 | Kohler Co. | Alternator flux shaping |
US11401971B2 (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2022-08-02 | Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. | Low-cost modular inductive position sensor and method of manufacturing it |
RU200721U1 (ru) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-09 | Акционерное общество "Электромашиностроительный завод "ЛЕПСЕ" | Электродвигатель |
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- 2009-12-25 WO PCT/RU2009/000724 patent/WO2010077181A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2009-12-25 BR BRPI0923755A patent/BRPI0923755A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-12-25 EP EP09836455.7A patent/EP2429068B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-25 CN CN200980155995.6A patent/CN102308460B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
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US6710502B2 (en) | 2002-02-07 | 2004-03-23 | Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc | Rotary electric motor having at least three axially aligned stator poles and/or rotor poles |
US6727630B1 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-04-27 | Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc. | Rotary permanent magnet electric motor with varying air gap between interfacing stator and rotor elements |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8772998B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
CN102308460B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2429068B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
EP2429068A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
RU2396675C1 (ru) | 2010-08-10 |
US20120086294A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
US20120187791A2 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
EP2429068A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
CN102308460A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
BRPI0923755A2 (pt) | 2016-01-19 |
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