498590 A7 __-__ B7 五、發明說明（1) 【技術領域】 (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明係關於利用永久磁鐵之電動機，尤其關於優異 起動性可達成高效率之電動機。 【背景技術】 以往’將電能轉換爲機械性輸出，例如可作爲轉矩取 出之轉換系統，已開發種種之電動機。於其等以往之電動 機，定子、轉子之任一或兩方使用電磁鐵，藉其等電磁鐵 產生迴轉磁場使其追蹤轉子者（例如感應電動機），或將 在永久磁鐵定子之磁場中裝設成可極性反相控制之轉子裝 設成迴轉自如，具有藉轉子與定子間磁通之互相作用以得 到迴轉力者等（例如一般性之直流電動機）。 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 像這樣關於以往之電動機，進行嘗試種種利用從永久 磁鐵所產生之磁通以提高能量轉換效率。發明人等係尤其 藉適當控制永久磁鐵所產生磁通之分布，儘量減低抗衡輸 出轉矩作用之磁力，藉此增大輸出轉矩，欲達成從電磁能 量提升轉換爲力學性能量之效率，試作開發具有各種構成 之轉矩產生裝置。例如本發明人等所開發之日本專利特開 平7 - 7 9 0 7號公報，係提案一種藉對於轉子附加永久 磁鐵，就可提高能量轉換效率之動力產生裝置。本發明人 等所開發、提案之這些動力產生裝置，係計畫成使在附加 於轉子之永久磁鐵與定子電磁鐵間具有磁性構件之構成， 存在於被激磁之一定子電磁鐵與永久磁鐵間之磁通，爲在 磁性構件內在連結兩者之線上附近儘量收斂。藉此，從位 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 498590 A7 __ B7 五、發明說明（2) 於轉子之迴轉方向後方之非激磁電磁鐵所受到之吸引力， 轉子作用於被拉回方向之力量，期圖以防止所謂如以往被 視爲當然之現象。 然而，製作種種試作機驗證能量轉換效率、發生轉矩 等性能時，曉得了依附加於轉子之永久磁鐵之磁性構件之 形狀尺寸或定子電磁鐵之構造，在磁性構件內未形成如預 期之磁通域，不能達成提升足夠效率之情形。又，因在轉 子裝套有永久磁鐵，在任一定子電磁鐵都未通電之狀態時 ，在與各永久磁鐵接近之特定定子電磁鐵之間作用吸引力 ，變成所謂轉子牢固地被鎖固之狀態，也確認了起動有困 難之問題。 本發明係爲了消除於如上述之開發過程所發現之問題 所開發者，其目的係提供一種有效利用永久磁鐵所具磁性 能量不僅可得到高效率高轉矩，並且也優異於起動性之電 動機。 # 【發明之揭示】 爲了達成上述目的，關於本發明之永久磁鐵電動機， 係具有： 定子：互相相隔既定間隔裝設成約略圓環狀之複數激 磁手段，與 轉子：欲與裝設於其等略圓環狀之各個激磁手段對向 ，裝設成沿著其等激磁手段內周側移動，相鄰接之各個爲 在所臨之側具有互相不同之磁極具有至少一對著磁部，與 ------------·#.1丨訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -5 - A7 498590 _B7__ 五、發明說明（3) 激磁電流控制裝置：對於上述定子之激磁裝置依據預 先所定之順序、時間及激磁極性供應激磁電流， (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 其特徵爲： 在上述轉子互相鄰接之著磁部之間設有容許磁通流通 之磁通通過部，上述激磁裝置未被激磁之狀態時，上述著 磁部互相之間之磁通係經由上述磁通通過構件流通，因被 封閉於轉子內，在其轉子之著磁部與上述定子之各激磁裝 置之間幾乎不發生互相作用之外，若將上述激磁裝置以上 述激磁電流控制裝置激磁時，上述轉子之各著磁部係從被 磁化爲不同磁性之各激磁裝置所發生之磁通所吸引而向激 磁裝置磁極之移動方向追蹤而被同步驅動。 上述磁通通過構件，係可具有由將上述轉子之各著磁 部之間連接成大約圓孤狀之板狀磁性體來構成。 又，在上述轉子之著磁部與上述定子之激磁裝置之間 ，也構成爲具有磁性構件。 並且，可構成爲由上述轉子之上述相鄰著磁部與上述 磁通通過構件所圍住之領域，係以非磁性材料塡充。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 關於具有上述構成之本發明之電動機，係任何設於上 述定子之激磁裝置都未激磁之狀態下，因進出於轉子之任 一著磁部之磁通係流通於經由磁通通過構件在相鄰之不同 極性之磁極之間，所以其磁通係被閉合於轉子內而與定子 側之激磁裝置之間因不會發生特別互相作用，所以轉子幾 乎不會施加負荷就可加以轉動。 並且，當上述定子之激磁裝置若由激磁電流控制裝置 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） _ 6 _ 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 498590 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明（4) 激磁時，設於轉子之各著磁部爲被靠近之異極性所激磁之 定子之激磁裝置所吸引，所以將被激磁之激磁裝置藉轉換 爲依序既定之順序、時間及變成激磁極性，給與轉子迴轉 力。 上述磁通通過構件，可構成爲例如將上述轉子之各著 磁部之間具有連接成大約圓孤狀之板狀磁性體。 又，若在上述轉子之各種著磁部與上述定子之激磁裝 置之間裝設磁性構件時，從著磁部之磁通爲如連結在其磁 性構件內與上述著磁部靠近之異極性之激磁裝置而收斂 若上述轉子之上述相鄰著磁部與上述磁通通過構件所 圍住領域以非磁性材料塡充時，就可提高轉子之機械性強 度，而擴張爲可適用之電動機容量之範圍。 【實施發明之最隹形態】 茲參照附圖詳細說明本發明之一實施形態。第1圖與 第3圖至第5圖，係表示關於本發明一實施形態之永久磁 鐵電動機之槪略構成之正面圖。又，第2圖係表示將使用 於其實施形態之轉子之槪略斜視圖。按，於這些圖，爲了 了解本裝置之基本構成與作用，裝置之機殼或機架等，關 於本發明之說明認爲並非本質之部分則省略了圖示。 如第1圖所示，本實施形態之永久磁鐵電動機，係具 有多數之轉子突極12、12， ····之轉子10,與 具備多數定子突極24、24，···之定子20。 轉子1 0，係具有沿著形成爲大約圓柱狀之轉子轂（ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ^> — — — — — —1— ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 498590 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（5) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) rotor hub ) 14外周以等間隔向徑向外方突設之多數轉 子突極1 2。於此，轉子突極1 2係4極，而在轉子轂 1 4周圍以9 0 °節距固設。轉子轂1 4係例如使用鐵等 磁性材料形成爲一體即可。其時，若使用疊層由如其磁性 材料所形成之同一形狀之薄板時，因可抑制在轉子轂1 4 內部之渦電流發生，所以，可減少本裝置在動作中由於在 轉子轂1 4內發生渦電流所引起之損失。 轉子突極12、12，···，係具有構成各個著磁 部之永久磁鐵1 2 a與從其等延設之磁性體頭1 2 b。永 久磁鐵1 2 a係成爲約直方體狀之形狀，在轉子轂14外 周側面相鄰接之轉子突極12、12，···之轉子徑向 端部爲配置成互相變成相反極性而被固設。亦即，設於各 突極1 2之各永久磁鐵1 2 a，係配置固設成在相鄰突極 1 2之轉子徑向外方端部可出現互相不同之磁極。 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 於本實施形態，係裝設有將這些轉子突極1 2之先端 部互相連接之略圓環形狀作爲磁通通過構件之轉子環Mp 。此轉子環Mp，係將形成爲薄板狀之磁性材料裝設成將 各轉子突極1 2先端部互相以磁性連接。並且，連接相鄰 轉子突極1 2之不同.彼此磁極就具有可使其間之磁通流通 之作用之效果。磁性材料之材質或厚度、寬度等形狀尺寸 ，係依據永久磁鐵1 2 a之磁性強度等，設計上可決定爲 轉子突極1 2互相間磁通之流通可得到足夠特性。又，轉 子環Μ p也可被形成爲圓環狀之一體構件，或視其需要也 可形成爲約略圓孤狀等之構件，在與轉子突極1 2等組合 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 498590 ：； 五、發明說明（6) .v 7·’ 時構成爲一體。’ 又，在各轉子突極1 2先端部，配合後述定子突極 2 4之內周側形狀形成爲大約孤狀之磁性體頭1 2 b，爲 .> * 裝設固設於其定子突極2 4與永久磁鐵12 a之間。如第 1圖及第12圖所示，磁性體頭12b，係呈將碰觸於上 述轉子環Μp之轉子突極12之部分只有既定尺寸向徑向 外方隆出之突起部形狀。按，磁性體頭1 2 b之形狀及徑 向厚度等尺寸，係並非限於如本實施形態之大約孤狀，透 過試作測試等成爲適當形狀尺寸即可。又，也可以形成爲 與轉子環Μ p成爲另外構件。於此磁性體頭1 2 b因從永 久磁鐵1 2 a之磁通爲所靠近異極性之定子突極2 4 (後 述）間連結似地收斂，所以可得到在與其他定子突極2 4 之間減少妨礙轉子1 0迴轉之發生磁性互相作用之效果。 按，也可以省略磁牲體頭1 2 b，各永久磁鐵1 2 a只經 由轉子環Mp而與定子突極2 4對向。 本實施形態之轉子1 0時，如第1圖、第2圖等所示 ，具有相鄰之轉子突極12與轉子環Mp及轉子轂14所 區隔形成之空隙V。此空隙V也仍舊留爲空間，或也可以 要求於轉子10之機械性強度之觀點塡充適當之非磁性樹 脂等材料。關於後者，換言之，包括著磁部之永久磁鐵1 2 a之轉子1 〇之本體部分以樹脂塑模等形成爲一體，其 後可安裝轉子環Mp。除此之外，若爲本行業者，使用種 種設計手法，就可實現本發明之轉子。 在轉子轂1 4之中心部，插通固定有轉子軸1 6。此 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -9- --I---------------r---訂------— 丨·線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 498590 A7 ______ B7 五、發明說明（7 ) 轉子軸16兩端部係由省略圖示之軸承支持爲轉動自如。 藉此，轉子1 0係沿著轉子轂1 4外周緣裝設成等節距之 轉子突極1 2先端所裝設之磁性體頭1 2 b與各定子突極 2 4之間保持一定間隙之狀態，沿著定子突極2 4內周保 持爲轉動自如。 定子2 0係沿著其外周以等間隔配置成圓環狀，並且 ，具有向徑向外方延設屬於激磁裝置之多數定子突極2 4 。於此實施形態，有8組定子突極2 4以4 5 °裝設，若 上述4組之任一轉子突極1 2與定子突極2 4對向時，也 使另定子突極2 4分別與其他定子突極2 4對向。於這種 構成，將從各定子突極2 4之磁力雖然可有效地利用於各 轉子突極1 2，但是關於此將在作用之項詳述。 各定子突極2 4係具有突設於徑向外方之磁芯2 4 a 與捲繞其周圍之激磁線圈2 4b。各個線圈2 4b，係對 於後述之激磁控制裝置3 0 (激磁電流控制裝置）之輸出 以電方式連接。又，各定子突極2 4之定子2 0外方側端 部，係構成從定子突極2 4 —方之磁極流入磁通之磁路之 環狀軛2 6所連接。按，具有於本實施形態之極件（pole piece) 2 2之定子突極2 4之形狀及尺寸只不過是例示而 已，當然因應所需之電動機特性可適當變更。 激磁控制裝置3 0，係控制上述各個之定子突極2 4 之線圈2 4 b所供給之激磁電流方向與其ON OF F切 換時間等之電流換接裝置，一般，由電晶體、閘流管等電 流換接元件、與控制其等換接元件之〇N 0 F F所用之 ----I I------· I---^ — 訂-線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） • 10 - 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 498590 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8 ) 控制電路所構成。關於本發明之永久磁鐵電動機，係基本 上以定子突極2 4之激磁控制同步驅動轉子1 0，所以從 驅動控制之層次無妨成爲開環（open loop )之構成。但 是，爲了檢測轉子1 0之迴轉角度，例如與具有既定缺口 形狀之遮光板（未圖示）組合之如光感測器或旋轉編碼器 ，就可進行適當使用既有種種感測器之轉子10之速度控 制。其時，迴轉感測器之輸出訊號，係輸入於上述激磁控 制裝置3 0之控制電路，因應轉子1 0之迴轉角度作爲控 制上述電流換接元件之0 N 〇F F所用之觸發訊號（ trigger signal)使用。 茲參照第1圖、及第3圖〜第5圖，將關於具有上述 構成之本發明一實施形態之電動機作用說明如下。 首先，第1圖，係對於定子突極2 4之線圈2 4 b之 任一都不供給激磁電流，任一定子突極2 4也未被激磁之 狀態，表示所謂電源之0 F F狀態。於此狀態下，轉子 1 0所具之各個轉子突極1 2之永久磁鐵1 2 a所進出之 磁通，配置於兩鄰之其他轉子突極1 2之相異極性之磁極 之間通過轉子環Mp流通，不會流出於轉子1 0外部，保 持所謂被閉合於轉子1 0內之狀態。因此，轉子1 0之各 磁極與如圍住其轉子1 〇所裝設之各定子突極2 4之間， 也不會發生任何磁性互相作用。因此，於此狀態下，將轉 子10在轉子軸16周圍幾乎不作用任何負荷就可轉動。 將上述之狀態成爲定性磁通分布同樣在第1圖以「細點之 聚集」表示。如圖示，裝設於各轉子突極1 2之永久磁鐵 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 11 - -----------------r---訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 498590 A7 B7 五、發明說明（9 ) 1 2 a所進出之磁通，係經由轉子環Mp分布於其他轉子 突極1 2之永久磁鐵1 2 a之間，不會流出於轉子1 〇外 部。 關於這種本實施形態之電動機之性質，係激磁定子突 極2 4時，轉子1 0不會受到任一定子突極2 4所拘束有 助益於可立即追蹤之起動性優點。現在，作爲比較例，具 備將不具轉子環Μ p之以往轉子構成之電動機之構成及作 用表示於第7圖、第8圖。於這種構成，係在各轉子突極 1 2之永久磁鐵1 2 a係所對向之各定子突極2 4之間互 相發生磁性吸引力。因此，與上述本實施形態不同，在任 何定子突極2 4均未被激磁之〇 F F狀態下，轉子突極 1 2將欲保持與所對向之定子突極2 4互相吸引之狀態。 接著，第8圖係表示，欲將轉子1 0向順時針方向迴 轉驅動，將位於迴轉方向前方之定子突極2 4與靠近之轉 子突極1 2之磁極激磁成異極性之狀態。即使於此狀態’ 各轉子突極12將受到來自迴轉方向前方之異極性之定子 突極2 4之磁性吸引力，同時，在所對向之非激磁之定子 突極2 4之間仍然作用磁性吸引力。欲得到高轉矩時’雖 然增大具於轉子突極1 2之永久磁鐵1 2 a之磁力’但是 這樣時與各轉子突極1 2對向之定子突極2 4間所作用之 吸引力更加變大，在電源〇 F F狀態時轉子對於定子因磁 性吸引力變成鎖固之狀態’即使激磁鄰接之定子突極2 4 起動也困難。於本發明係約略可消除這種關於起動之以往 之困難性。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -12- IA__^ i I I l·--丨訂！--線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 498590 A7 B7 五、發明說明（10) 接著，第3圖係表示欲起動關於本發明之電動機，激 磁既定之定子突極2 4之線圈2 4 b之起動初期狀態。如 上述，於此實施形態之電動機，定子2 0之定子突極2 4 爲8組、轉子1 0側之轉子突極1 2爲4組，因分別以等 節距裝設，所以，如圖示，定子突極2 4變成每隔1個與 轉子1 0之轉子突極1 2相向。 現在，爲了識別各個定子突極2 4，在各定子突極 2 4如圖示標示S 1〜S 8之符號。於起動初期狀態，從 S1到S8之定子突極24之線圈24b之中，S1及 S 5激磁於S極，S3及S 7激磁於N極供給電流。如上 述，供給於此時之各線圈2 4 b之激磁電流，係以激磁控 制裝置3 0所控制。像這樣，激磁定子突極2 4時，突極 S 1及S 5係吸引轉子1 0之N極，突極S 3及S 7將吸 引轉子1 0之S極。並且，轉子1 〇係藉此磁性吸引力如 圖示向順時針方向開始迴轉。 接著，固設於轉子軸1 6之轉子1 0爲向順時針方向 迴轉定子突極2 4之裝設節距之1/2左右時，將變成第 4圖所示狀態。轉子1 0之轉子突極1 2，係抵達位於各 個迴轉方向前方之定子之激磁突極S 1、S 5及S 3、 S 7，與位於各個迴轉方向後方之·非激磁突極S8、S4 及S 2、S 6之中間附近，持續將位於順時針方向前方之 相異磁極所磁化之激磁突極S 1、S 5及S 3、S 7所吸 引而持續迴轉。 轉子10，從第4圖之狀態再向1/2節距左右向順 -----------------r I--t--------- <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） •13- 498590 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（11) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 時針方向迴轉時，就變成第5圖之狀態。此時，轉子1 0 之各個突極12，係抵達被激磁之定子突極SI、S5、 S 3、S 7大約對向之位置。於比狀態下，如圖示’作用 於各轉子突極12與被激磁之定子突極SI、S5、S3 、S 7間之磁性吸引力係作用於轉子1 0之半徑方向’早 已不能有效地使轉子1 0迴轉作爲驅動力之機能。於此’ 關斷到此被激磁之定子突極SI、S5、S3、S7之各 線圈2 4 b之通電，對於位於其等轉子迴轉方向前方之非 激磁狀態之定子突極S2、S6、S4、S8之線圈 2 4 b供給激磁電流而激磁這些定子突極。藉此，轉子 1 0周圍之磁通分布係如第6圖所示，而將相當於圖示於 上述第2圖所示轉子10向順時針方向偏移4 5°之狀態 。因此，在轉子1 0之各突極1 2，在位於各個順時針方 向前方，由重新被激磁之異極性突極S2、S6、S4、 S 8之間所作用之磁性吸引力再給與迴轉驅動，轉子1 〇 將可持續順時針方向之迴轉。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 按，欲進行轉子1 0之迴轉速度控制時，切換對於各 定子突極2 4之線圈2 4 b之激磁電流之時間，係由設於 定子2 0極數（設於定子2 0之定子突極2 4之數目）η 所決定，必須依各（3 6 0/η )切換。因此’於此實施 形態爲定子2 0之極數η = 8，所以如下表1所示，將依 各（360/8) =45°所激磁之定子突極24向順時 針方向切換。但是，欲切換激磁此定子突極2 4之方向’ 係依照所需要轉子迴轉方向決定即可。 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 498590 經濟部智慧財產局員工消t合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（12) 又，於上述說明中，當轉子1 0之各個突極1 2被激 磁爲異極之定子突極2 4約略所對向時切換激磁，但是更 嚴格爲採用對於被激磁異極性之定子突極2 4，各轉子突 極1 2靠近時之磁通分布之變化使用有限要素法逐次解析 等手法，或將定子突極2 4之激磁切換時間作爲參數藉測 定比較輸出特性，不僅是輸出轉矩之增大或能量轉換效率 之提升，並且，加上轉矩變動抑制等之其他要素就可發現 最佳激磁電流切換時間。並且，檢出轉子1 0之迴轉角之 上述迴轉感測器之輸出訊號爲滿足其最佳化條件，調整感 測器之設定條件即可。 【產業上之利用可能性】 如以上詳細說明，若依據具有上述構成關於本發明之 電動機，在設於定子之激磁裝置都未被激磁之狀態下，從 轉子之任一永久磁鐵之磁通係經由磁性通過構件在與其他 永久磁鐵不同之磁極之間流通而被封閉於轉子內部，所以 / ，轉子幾乎不施加負荷即可轉動，起動性爲良好。/ 並且，上述定子之激磁裝置由激磁電流控制裝置所激 磁時，設於轉子之各永久磁鐵係被所靠近激磁爲異極性之 定子之激磁裝置所吸引。藉此，將被激磁之激磁裝置藉切 換爲變成依序既定之順序、時間及激磁極性，對於轉子給 與迴轉力，而以高效率可取出高轉矩。 圖式之簡單說明 ------------------r---訂 ------線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 * 297公嫠） -15- 498590 A7 _______ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 五、發明說明（13) 第1圖係表示關於本發明之一實施形態之永久磁鐵電 動機構成之圖。 第2圖係使用於本發明一實施形態之轉子斜視圖。 第3圖係表示關於本發明一實施形態之永久磁鐵電動 機作用之圖其1。 第4圖係表示關於本發明一實施形態之永久磁鐵電動 機作用之圖其2。 第5圖係表示關於本發明一實施形態之永久磁鐵電動 機作用之圖其3。 第6圖係表示關於本發明一實施形態之永久磁鐵電動 機作用之圖其4。 第7圖係表示關於習知例之永久磁鐵電動機之構成及 作用之圖其1。 第8圖係表示關於習知例之永久磁鐵電動機之構成及 作用之圖其2。 主要元件對照表 12 轉子突極 24 定子突極 10 轉子 20 定子 14 轉子轂 12b 磁性體頭 MP 轉子環 -------— — — — — — i I I l· I I I ^ illllllt , <請先閱讀背面之注意ί項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公« ) -16- 498590 A7 _B7 五、發明說明（14) 24a 磁芯 24b 激磁線圈 26 軛 16 轉子軸 S1，S3，S5，S7 激磁突極 S2，S4，S6，S8 非激磁突極 ---1---------·I---^ — — — 訂— — — — — 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -17-498590 A7 __-__ B7 V. Description of the Invention (1) [Technical Field] (Please read the "Cautions on the back side before filling out this page") This invention relates to electric motors using permanent magnets, especially regarding excellent startability to achieve high efficiency The motor. [Background Art] In the past, various motors have been developed for converting electrical energy into mechanical output, for example, as a conversion system for taking out torque. For these conventional motors, one or both of the stator and the rotor use electromagnets, and those who use the electromagnets to generate a rotating magnetic field to track the rotor (such as induction motors), or will be installed in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet stator The rotor that can be controlled by polarity inversion is installed to rotate freely, and has the effect of obtaining the turning force by the interaction of the magnetic flux between the rotor and the stator (such as a general DC motor). Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative, Bureau of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Economic Affairs. As for conventional electric motors, various attempts have been made to use the magnetic flux generated from permanent magnets to improve energy conversion efficiency. In particular, the inventors and others, by appropriately controlling the distribution of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet, try to reduce the magnetic force against the output torque as much as possible, thereby increasing the output torque. In order to achieve the efficiency of converting electromagnetic energy to mechanical performance, try Developed torque generators with various configurations. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-7907 developed by the present inventors proposes a power generating device capable of improving energy conversion efficiency by adding a permanent magnet to a rotor. The power generating devices developed and proposed by the present inventors have a structure in which a magnetic member is provided between a permanent magnet attached to a rotor and a stator electromagnet, and is present between a stator electromagnet and a permanent magnet that are excited. The magnetic flux converges as much as possible near the line connecting the two in the magnetic member. From this position, the paper size -4- applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 498590 A7 __ B7 V. Description of the invention (2) on the rotor The attraction of the non-excited electromagnets behind the turning direction, the force of the rotor acting in the direction of being pulled back, and the plan is to prevent the so-called phenomenon that was taken for granted as before. However, when making various prototype machines to verify the performance of energy conversion efficiency and torque generation, I knew that according to the shape and size of the magnetic component of the permanent magnet attached to the rotor or the structure of the stator electromagnet, the magnetic component did not form as expected in the magnetic component. Universal territory, can not achieve a situation to improve sufficient efficiency. In addition, because the rotor is equipped with a permanent magnet, when any stator electromagnet is not energized, an attractive force acts between specific stator electromagnets close to the permanent magnets, resulting in a state where the rotor is firmly locked. Also confirmed the problem of starting difficulties. The present invention was developed by the present invention in order to eliminate the problems found in the above-mentioned development process, and its object is to provide an electric motor that not only obtains high efficiency and high torque by effectively utilizing the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet, but also has superior startability. # [Disclosure of the invention] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the permanent magnet motor of the present invention has: a stator: a plurality of exciting means arranged in a substantially annular shape at a predetermined interval from each other, and a rotor: intended to be installed in the same Each of the exciting means in a substantially circular shape is opposed to each other, and is arranged to move along the inner peripheral side of the equal exciting means, and the adjacent ones have at least one pair of magnetic portions with mutually different magnetic poles on the side on which they are located, and ------------ · # .1 丨 Order --------- line · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies to Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -5-A7 498590 _B7__ V. Description of the invention (3) Excitation current control device: For the above-mentioned stator excitation device, the excitation current is supplied according to a predetermined sequence, time and excitation polarity, ( Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) It is characterized by: a magnetic flux passing section is provided between the magnetic adjacent sections of the rotors adjacent to each other, and when the above excitation device is not excited, the above Magnetic flux Since the magnetic flux flows through the member and is enclosed in the rotor, there is almost no interaction between the magnetic field of the rotor and the exciting devices of the stator. If the exciting device is controlled by the exciting current control device, At the time of excitation, each of the magnetizing portions of the rotor is synchronously driven by being attracted by the magnetic flux generated by each excitation device that is magnetized to different magnetism, and following the direction of movement of the magnetic poles of the excitation device. The magnetic flux passing member may be constituted by a plate-shaped magnetic body that connects the magnetically-contacting portions of the rotor into a substantially circular shape. Further, a magnetic member is also provided between the magnetic field portion of the rotor and the excitation device of the stator. In addition, the area surrounded by the adjacent magnetic portion of the rotor and the magnetic flux passing member may be configured to be filled with a non-magnetic material. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has printed the electric motor of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure, which is in a state where any of the excitation devices provided on the stator is not excited. It flows between the magnetic poles of different polarities adjacent to each other through the magnetic flux passing member. Therefore, the magnetic flux system is closed in the rotor and there is no special interaction between the stator and the excitation device on the stator side, so the rotor hardly The load can be rotated. In addition, when the above-mentioned excitation device of the stator is controlled by the excitation current control device, the paper size of this paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) _ 6 _ Printed by the Shelley Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 498590 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (4) During magnetization, the magnetizing parts provided on the rotor are attracted by the magnetizing device of the stator excited by the opposite polarity. Therefore, the magnetized magnetizing device is converted into a predetermined sequence in order. , Time, and polarity of the magnetization, giving the rotor turning force. The magnetic flux passing member may be configured, for example, to have a plate-shaped magnetic body connected to each of the magnetic-imparting portions of the rotor in a substantially circular shape. In addition, when a magnetic member is installed between the various magnetizing portions of the rotor and the excitation device of the stator, the magnetic flux from the magnetizing portion is a different polarity of the magnetic member connected to the magnetic member and close to the magnetizing portion. The magnetic device converges. If the adjacent magnetic part of the rotor and the magnetic flux passing member are filled with a non-magnetic material, the mechanical strength of the rotor can be increased, and it can be expanded to an applicable motor capacity. range. [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention] An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 and 3 to 5 are front views showing a schematic configuration of a permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a rotor to be used in the embodiment. In these figures, in order to understand the basic structure and function of the device, the housing or frame of the device, etc., the parts of the description of the present invention that are not considered essential are omitted from the illustration. As shown in FIG. 1, the permanent magnet motor of this embodiment includes a rotor 10 having a plurality of rotor salient poles 12, 12, and a stator 20 having a plurality of stator salient poles 24, 24, ... . The rotor 10 has a rotor hub formed into an approximately cylindrical shape (this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ^ ≫ — — — — — — 1— ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 498590 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (5) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) rotor hub) 14. Most of the rotor salient poles 12 projected radially outwardly at equal intervals on the outer periphery. Here, the rotor salient poles 12 are 4 poles, and are fixed around the rotor hub 14 at a pitch of 90 °. The rotor hub 14 may be formed integrally using a magnetic material such as iron. At this time, when a thin plate having the same shape as the magnetic material is laminated, the occurrence of eddy currents inside the rotor hub 14 can be suppressed, so that the device can be reduced in operation because it is in the rotor hub 14 Losses due to eddy currents. The rotor salient poles 12, 12, ... are provided with a permanent magnet 1 2a constituting each magnetizing portion and a magnetic head 1 2b extending therefrom. The permanent magnets 1 2 a are approximately cuboid-shaped, and the rotor salient poles 12 and 12 adjacent to the outer peripheral side of the rotor hub 14 are arranged so that the radial ends of the rotors have opposite polarities and are fixed to each other. Assume. That is, the permanent magnets 12 a provided at the salient poles 12 are arranged and fixedly arranged so that mutually different magnetic poles may appear at the radially outer ends of the rotors adjacent to the salient poles 12. Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs In this embodiment, a rotor ring Mp having a substantially circular shape that connects the tips of the rotor salient poles 12 to each other as a magnetic flux passing member is installed. In this rotor ring Mp, a thin plate-shaped magnetic material is installed to magnetically connect the tip ends of the rotor salient poles 12 to each other. In addition, the difference between the rotor rotor poles 12 adjacent to each other has the effect that the magnetic poles between them can circulate the magnetic flux between them. The shape, size, and other dimensions of the magnetic material are based on the magnetic strength of the permanent magnets 1 2 a. The design can be determined as the rotor salient poles 12 can circulate magnetic flux with each other to obtain sufficient characteristics. In addition, the rotor ring M p may be formed as a ring-shaped one-piece member, or may be formed into an approximately circular solitary member as required, and is combined with the rotor salient poles 12 and the like. China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 498590: V. Description of the invention (6). 'Also, at the front end of each rotor salient pole 12, a magnetic body head 1 2 b having an approximately peripheral shape on the inner peripheral side of the stator salient pole 24 to be described later is formed. ≫ * Installed and fixed to the stator Between the salient pole 24 and the permanent magnet 12a. As shown in Figs. 1 and 12, the magnetic head 12b is in the shape of a protruding portion that will protrude outward in the radial direction only at a portion of the rotor salient pole 12 that will touch the rotor ring MP. It is to be noted that the shape and the radial thickness of the magnetic head 12 b are not limited to the approximately solitary shape as in this embodiment, and they may be formed into appropriate shapes and sizes through trials and the like. It may be formed as a separate member from the rotor ring M p. Here, the magnetic head 1 2 b converges similarly because the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 1 2 a is a stator salient pole 2 4 (to be described later) of the opposite polarity, so that it can be obtained with other stator salient poles 2 4. The effect of reducing the magnetic interaction that prevents the rotor from rotating 10 times is reduced. It is also possible to omit the magnetic head 1 2 b, and each of the permanent magnets 1 2 a is opposed to the stator salient poles 24 through the rotor ring Mp only. In the rotor 10 of this embodiment, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, there is a gap V formed by the adjacent rotor salient poles 12 and the rotor ring Mp and the rotor hub 14. This gap V is still left as a space, or a material such as a suitable nonmagnetic resin may be required from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the rotor 10. Regarding the latter, in other words, the main body of the rotor 10 including the permanent magnets 12a including the magnetic portion is integrally formed with a resin mold or the like, and thereafter, a rotor ring Mp can be attached. In addition, if the person skilled in the art uses various design methods, the rotor of the present invention can be realized. A rotor shaft 16 is inserted and fixed at a center portion of the rotor hub 14. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -9- --I --------------- r --- Order ---- --- 丨 · Line (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 498590 A7 ______ B7 V. Description of the invention (7) The two ends of the rotor shaft 16 are omitted from the figure The bearing support shown is free to rotate. As a result, the rotor 10 is arranged along the outer periphery of the rotor hub 14 with a uniform pitch of the rotor salient poles 12 and the magnetic head 1 2 b installed at the front end maintains a certain gap between each of the stator salient poles 24. This state is kept freely rotating along the inner periphery of the stator salient poles 24. The stator 2 0 is arranged in a ring shape at equal intervals along its outer periphery, and has a plurality of stator salient poles 2 4 extending radially outwardly and belonging to the excitation device. In this embodiment, there are 8 sets of stator salient poles 24 arranged at 45 °. If any of the rotor salient poles 12 and 4 of the above-mentioned four groups oppose each other, the other stator salient poles 2 4 are also made. Opposite the other stator salient poles 2 and 4 respectively. With this configuration, although the magnetic force from each of the stator salient poles 24 can be effectively used for each of the rotor salient poles 12, it will be described in detail in terms of its action. Each of the stator salient poles 24 has a magnetic core 2 4 a protruding outward in the radial direction, and an excitation coil 2 4 b wound around the magnetic core 2 4 a. Each coil 24b is electrically connected to the output of an excitation control device 30 (excitation current control device) described later. Further, the outer ends of the stator 20 of each of the stator salient poles 24 are connected to a ring yoke 26 which constitutes a magnetic circuit that flows in magnetic flux from the stator salient poles 4 to the square. The shape and size of the stator salient poles 2 4 of the pole piece 2 2 in this embodiment are merely examples, and of course, they can be appropriately changed according to the required motor characteristics. The excitation control device 30 is a current switching device for controlling the direction of the exciting current supplied by the coils 2 4 b of each of the stator salient poles 2 4 and its ON OF F switching time. Generally, it is composed of a transistor, a thyristor, etc. Current switching components and ON 0 FF used to control these switching components ---- I I ------ · I --- ^ — Order-wire (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) • 10-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 498590 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Control circuit . Regarding the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the rotor 10 is basically driven synchronously by the excitation control of the stator salient poles 24, so it may be an open loop configuration from the level of drive control. However, in order to detect the rotation angle of the rotor 10, for example, a light sensor or a rotary encoder combined with a light shielding plate (not shown) having a predetermined notch shape, it is possible to appropriately use the rotor of the existing sensors. 10 speed control. At this time, the output signal of the rotation sensor is input to the control circuit of the above-mentioned excitation control device 30, and the trigger signal used to control the 0 N 〇FF of the current switching element according to the rotation angle of the rotor 10 is the trigger signal. )use. The operation of the motor according to an embodiment of the present invention having the above-mentioned configuration will be described below with reference to Figs. 1 and 3 to 5. First, FIG. 1 shows a state in which neither of the coils 2 4 b of the stator salient poles 24 nor the excitation current is supplied, and any of the stator salient poles 24 is not excited, which shows the so-called 0 F F state of the power supply. In this state, the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnets 1 2 a of the rotor salient poles 12 of the rotor 10 are arranged between the magnetic poles of different polarities of the adjacent rotor salient poles 12 and pass through the rotor. The ring Mp circulates and does not flow out of the rotor 10 and maintains a state called being closed inside the rotor 10. Therefore, any magnetic interaction between the magnetic poles of the rotor 10 and the stator salient poles 24 installed around the rotor 10 will not occur. Therefore, in this state, the rotor 10 can be rotated without applying any load around the rotor shaft 16. Changing the above state into a qualitative magnetic flux distribution is also shown in Fig. 1 as "aggregation of fine points". As shown in the figure, the permanent magnets installed on the rotor salient poles 12 are sized according to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 11-------------- ---- r --- Order --------- line (please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 498590 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention ( 9) The magnetic flux in and out of 1 2 a is distributed between the permanent magnets 12 a of the other rotor salient poles 12 through the rotor ring Mp, and does not flow out of the rotor 10. Regarding the nature of the motor of this embodiment, when the stator salient poles 24 are excited, the rotor 10 is not restricted by any of the stator salient poles 24, which is beneficial to the startability advantage that it can be tracked immediately. Now, as a comparative example, the configuration and function of a motor having a conventional rotor configuration without a rotor ring M p are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. With this configuration, the permanent magnets 1 2 a of the rotor salient poles 12 and the stator salient poles 24 facing each other generate magnetic attractive forces with each other. Therefore, unlike this embodiment described above, in any state where the stator salient poles 24 are not excited, the rotor salient poles 12 are intended to maintain a state of mutual attraction with the opposing stator salient poles 24. Next, Fig. 8 shows a state where the rotor pole 10 is driven to rotate clockwise, and the poles of the stator salient poles 24 located in front of the turning direction and the rotor poles 12 of the adjacent rotors are excited into different polarities. Even in this state, each of the rotor salient poles 12 will be attracted by the magnetic attraction of the stator salient poles 24 of the opposite polarity from the front direction of rotation, and at the same time, the magnetism will still act between the opposing non-excited stator salient poles 24. Attractive. When high torque is desired, 'although increase the magnetic force of permanent magnets 1 2 a with rotor salient poles 12', the attractive force acting between rotor salient poles 12 and stator salient poles 2 4 in this case When the power is 0FF, the rotor is locked to the stator due to magnetic attraction. Even if the stator poles 2 4 which are adjacent to each other are excited, it is difficult to start. The present invention is about to eliminate this difficulty in the past. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -12- IA __ ^ i I I l ----- Order! --Line (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 498590 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) Next, Figure 3 shows the intention to start the invention. The initial state of the motor 2 is to excite the predetermined stator salient pole 2 4 and the coil 2 4 b. As mentioned above, in this embodiment of the motor, the stator salient poles 2 4 of the stator 20 are 8 groups, and the rotor salient poles 12 of the rotor 10 side are 4 groups. They are installed at equal pitches, so as shown in the figure. It is shown that the stator salient poles 24 face the rotor salient poles 12 of the rotor 10 every other. Now, in order to identify each of the stator salient poles 24, the symbols of S1 to S8 are marked on each stator salient pole 24 as shown in the figure. In the initial state of starting, among the coils 24b of the stator salient poles 24 from S1 to S8, S1 and S5 are excited at S pole, and S3 and S7 are excited at N pole to supply current. As described above, the exciting current supplied to each coil 24b at this time is controlled by the exciting control device 30. When the salient poles 24 of the stator are excited as described above, the salient poles S 1 and S 5 attract the N pole of the rotor 10, and the salient poles S 3 and S 7 attract the S pole of the rotor 10. In addition, the rotor 10 is rotated clockwise by the magnetic attraction as shown in the figure. Next, when the rotor 10 fixed to the rotor shaft 16 rotates clockwise about half of the installation pitch of the stator salient pole 24, it will become the state shown in FIG. The rotor salient poles 12 of the rotor 10 are the excited salient poles S 1, S 5 and S 3, S 7 which reach the stator located in front of each rotation direction, and the non-excited salient poles S8, S4 located behind the rotation direction. And near the middle of S2, S6, the exciting salient poles S1, S5 and S3, S7, which are magnetized by the different magnetic poles located in front of the clockwise direction, are continuously attracted and continue to rotate. Rotor 10, from the state in Fig. 4 to 1/2 pitch, and then forwards ----------------- r I--t --------- < Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) • 13- 498590 Α7 Β7 5. Description of the invention (11) (Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again.) When turning in the clockwise direction, it will be as shown in Figure 5. At this time, each salient pole 12 of the rotor 10 reaches the approximately opposite positions of the magnetized stator salient poles SI, S5, S3, and S7. In the specific state, as shown in the figure, 'the magnetic attractive force acting on the rotor salient poles 12 and the excited stator salient poles SI, S5, S3, and S 7 acts on the radial direction of the rotor 10' is no longer effective The function of rotating the rotor 10 as a driving force. Here, turn off the energization of the coils 2 4 b of the stator salient poles SI, S5, S3, and S7 that have been excited so far. For the non-excited stator salient poles S2, S6, and S4 located in front of the rotor rotation direction. The coils 2 4 b of S8 and S8 supply exciting current to excite these stator salient poles. As a result, the magnetic flux distribution around the rotor 10 is as shown in Fig. 6, and the state corresponding to the state where the rotor 10 is shifted clockwise by 45 ° as shown in the above-mentioned Fig. 2 is shown. Therefore, the salient poles 12 of the rotor 10 are located in front of each clockwise direction, and are rotated by the magnetic attractive force acting between the repolarized salient poles S2, S6, S4, and S8. Driven, the rotor 10 will continue to rotate clockwise. Printed by the employee's consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, when the rotation speed of the rotor 10 is to be controlled, the time for switching the exciting current of the coils 2 4 b of each stator salient pole 2 is set on the stator 20 pole The number (the number of the stator salient poles 2 4 provided in the stator 20) is determined by η, and must be switched according to each (3 6 0 / η). Therefore, in this embodiment, the number of poles of the stator 20 is η = 8, so as shown in Table 1 below, the stator salient poles 24 excited by each (360/8) = 45 ° are switched clockwise. However, the direction of exciting the stator salient poles 24 may be determined in accordance with the required rotation direction of the rotor. -14- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 498590 Printed by the staff of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) In the above description, When the salient poles 12 of the rotor 10 are excited to be opposite to the stator salient poles 2 of the opposite pole, the excitation is switched, but it is more strict to use the rotor salient poles of the excited poles of different polarity. 1 2 Changes in the magnetic flux distribution when approaching. Use finite element method successive analysis and other methods, or use the switching time of the stator salient poles 2 4 as parameters to measure and compare the output characteristics. Not only the increase in output torque or energy conversion efficiency. It can be improved, and other factors such as torque fluctuation suppression can be found to find the best exciting current switching time. In addition, the output signal of the above-mentioned rotation sensor that detects the rotation angle of the rotor 10 may be adjusted to meet the optimization conditions of the sensor. [Industrial Applicability] As explained in detail above, if the motor according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, the magnetic flux system of any permanent magnet from the rotor is in a state where the excitation device provided on the stator is not excited The magnetic passing member flows between magnetic poles different from other permanent magnets and is enclosed inside the rotor. Therefore, the rotor can be rotated with almost no load, and the startability is good. / Also, when the above-mentioned excitation device of the stator is excited by the excitation current control device, each permanent magnet system provided on the rotor is attracted by the excitation device of the stator whose excitation is of an opposite polarity. Thereby, by switching the excited excitation device to a predetermined sequence, time, and excitation polarity, the rotor is given a turning force, and high torque can be taken out with high efficiency. Simple description of the drawing ------------------ r --- order ------ line (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 * 297 gong) -15- 498590 A7 _______ B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (13) Figure 1 shows the details of the invention A diagram of a permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a rotor used in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a first view showing the operation of a permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a second view showing the operation of the permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view showing operation 3 of the permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a view showing the operation of a permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a first view showing the structure and function of a permanent magnet motor according to a conventional example. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the structure and function of a permanent magnet motor according to a conventional example; Comparison table of main components 12 rotor salient pole 24 stator salient pole 10 rotor 20 stator 14 rotor hub 12b magnetic head MP rotor ring ----------- — — — — — i II l · III ^ illllllt, < please Read the note on the back first and then fill out this page.) This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public «) -16- 498590 A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (14) 24a Magnetic core 24b Excitation coil 26 Yoke 16 Rotor shaft S1, S3, S5, S7 Excited salient poles S2, S4, S6, S8 Non-excited salient poles --- 1 --------- · I --- ^ — — — — — — — — — Line (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives This paper is printed in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -17-