WO2010073346A1 - 通信管理装置、通信装置および通信方法 - Google Patents
通信管理装置、通信装置および通信方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/42—Loop networks
- H04L12/427—Loop networks with decentralised control
- H04L12/433—Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/42—Loop networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
- H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
- H04L12/4035—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling in which slots of a TDMA packet structure are assigned based on a contention resolution carried out at a master unit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5069—Address allocation for group communication, multicast communication or broadcast communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
- H04L12/4637—Interconnected ring systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
- H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
- H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
- H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication management apparatus, a communication apparatus, and a communication method for performing communication using token frames between communication nodes connected by Ethernet (registered trademark).
- the FA (Factory Automation) system includes a control target device and a programmable controller that performs predetermined arithmetic processing using the state of the control target device as input data and outputs the operation condition of the control target device as output data.
- Real-time control is possible by providing communication means for the controller and the device to be controlled and connecting them via a network. That is, the communication means provided in the control target device functions as a slave station, the communication means provided in the programmable controller functions as a communication management station that controls data transmission of the slave station, and the communication management station receives data from the slave station.
- a process of calculating data for controlling the control target device using the received data and transmitting it to the slave station is periodically performed. At this time, the communication management station controls the timing of data transmission by each slave station so as to guarantee the real-time property of data communication.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a communication management device, a communication device, and a communication method capable of distinguishing and eliminating data received from another network even if it is erroneously connected via the network.
- a communication management apparatus is a group in which one communication management apparatus and one or more slave stations are connected by an Ethernet (registered trademark) cable in a network of the same segment.
- the station and the own apparatus determine the transmission order of token frames indicating transmission rights, configure a logical ring to configure a logical ring, multicast address generating means for generating a multicast address from the MAC address of the own apparatus, and the multicast
- a multicast address storage means for storing an address;
- a multicast address notifying means for notifying the slave station of the ring of the multicast address; and a frame in which the multicast address is set as a destination address is transmitted, and the destination address of the received frame is stored in the multicast address storage means.
- Frame communication processing means for determining whether or not the received multi
- the communication management device notifies the slave station configuring the logical ring of the multicast address generated from the MAC address of the own device, and transmits as a broadcast frame using the multicast address in the logical ring, At the time of reception, it is determined whether or not reception processing is performed based on whether or not the destination address is the multicast address.
- one or more slave stations are Ethernet (registered trademark), and different segments such as in the factory are wired in a complicated manner. Even when connected, there is an effect that setting for recovery of erroneous connection is unnecessary, or abnormal operation of the recovery function of erroneous connection due to erroneous setting by the user can be prevented.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a functional configuration of a communication management apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a format of an Ethernet (registered trademark) frame.
- FIG. 2-2 is a diagram illustrating a format of a destination address.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for generating a multicast address of a MAC address.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the functional configuration of the slave station.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of processing when the communication node receives a frame according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation when a plurality of groups are connected by a switching hub (part 1).
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a functional configuration of a communication management apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a format
- FIG. 6B is a diagram schematically showing the operation when a plurality of groups are connected by the switching hub (part 2).
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of frame processing of the communication node according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a data flow when two groups having different multicast addresses are connected.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a functional configuration of a communication management apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the communication management device (master station) 10 includes two ports 11-1 and 11-2 for connecting an Ethernet (registered trademark, the same applies hereinafter) cable between adjacent communication nodes (slave stations) or switching hubs.
- a communication processing unit 20 that performs frame transmission / reception processing via ports 11-1 and 11-2, processing for establishing a token frame transmission order, and the like.
- the ports 11-1 and 11-2 are composed of two ports, a first port 11-1 and a second port 11-2. It suffices that at least one of these two ports 11-1 and 11-2 is connected to an adjacent slave station port (or a slave station port via a switching hub).
- the communication processing unit 20 includes a logical ring configuration unit 21, a token circulation order information storage unit 22, a multicast address generation unit 23, a multicast address storage unit 24, a multicast address notification unit 25, a token frame processing unit 26, A data frame communication processing unit 27.
- the token frame processing unit 26 and the data frame communication processing unit 27 correspond to a frame communication processing unit.
- the logical ring configuration unit 21 detects a communication node (slave station) existing in the network of the same segment as the communication management device 10 when the communication management device 10 is turned on or at predetermined time intervals, and data is determined from the connection relationship. Logical ring configuration processing is performed to determine token circulation order information, which is the order in which the token frame that is the transmission right is sent (passed).
- the logical ring configuration unit 21 notifies token communication destination information including a communication node that obtains a transmission right next to the communication node to other communication nodes (slave stations) existing in the network of the same segment.
- the token circulation destination information may be token circulation order information.
- the token circulation order information storage unit 22 stores the token circulation order information determined by the logical ring configuration unit 21.
- the multicast address generation unit 23 is a multicast used for communication in a network (group) including slave stations managed by the communication management device 10 from a MAC (Media Access Control) address uniquely assigned to the communication management device 10. Generate an address.
- This multicast address has a role of group identification information for identifying a group.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of an Ethernet frame format
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a format of a destination address.
- the Ethernet frame 100 includes an 8-octet preamble / SFD (Start Frame Delimiter) 101 indicating the transmission of the Ethernet frame 100 and the start of the destination address, a 6-octet destination address 102 which is the transmission destination of the Ethernet frame 100, and the Ethernet frame.
- SFD Start Frame Delimiter
- FCS Frae Check Sequence
- the destination address 102 of the Ethernet frame is 48 bits (6 octets), and the I / G bit (first bit) 112 of the first octet 111 is “0”. It is a unicast address, and if “1”, it is decided to indicate that it is a multicast address.
- the MAC address I / G bit 112 uniquely assigned to the communication management apparatus 10 is set to “1” in the network (group) managed by the communication management apparatus 10.
- the multicast address to be used Since the MAC address itself is a unique address, a multicast address in which the I / G bit 112 of this MAC address is changed to “1” is also a unique address.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a method for generating a MAC address multicast address.
- the MAC address (hexadecimal notation) of the communication management apparatus 10 is “11-22-33-44-55-66”
- “11” of the first octet 111 is expressed as “00010001” in binary notation.
- the first bit (I / G bit) 112 of the first octet 111 consisting of 8 bits is set to “1”
- “1000001” is obtained.
- this is expressed in hexadecimal notation, it becomes “91”.
- the multicast address of the network (group) formed by the communication management apparatus 10 is “91-22-33-44-55-66”. This is an example, and multicast addresses can be generated in the same manner for other MAC addresses.
- the multicast address storage unit 24 stores the multicast address generated by the multicast address generation unit 23.
- the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 24 is used as information for identifying a network group when a frame is transmitted within the group in the token frame processing unit 26 or the data frame communication processing unit 27.
- the multicast address notification unit 25 notifies the slave station connected to the communication management apparatus 10 of the multicast address, more specifically, to the slave station existing in a range where the frame can be transmitted by broadcast. .
- the token frame processing unit 26 generates a token frame based on the Ethernet frame 100 when the logical ring configuration processing by the logical ring configuration unit 21 is completed and the multicast address notification unit 25 completes notification of the multicast address to the slave station.
- the token frame is transmitted based on the token circulation order information. For example, in the Ethernet frame 100 of FIG. 2A, a value indicating a token frame is set in the type 104, and transmission right acquisition device information indicating the MAC address of the communication node that acquires the transmission right is set in the data 105. Then, a token frame in which the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 24 is set as the destination address 102 is generated and transmitted by broadcast.
- the token frame processing unit 26 does not use a broadcast address as a broadcast address when a multicast address is stored in the multicast address storage unit 24 where a token frame should be transmitted by broadcast in the past.
- the multicast address is set as the destination address 102 and the token frame is broadcast.
- the token frame processing unit 26 When the token frame processing unit 26 receives a token frame transmitted from another communication node (slave station), whether or not the destination address 102 matches the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 24. If they do not match, the token frame reception process is not performed. If they match, the transmission right acquisition device information in the data 105 of the token frame is compared with the MAC address of the own station. If they match, it is determined that the transmission right has been acquired, and the data frame communication processing unit 27 is instructed to perform data frame transmission processing. If they do not match, it is determined that the transmission right has not yet been obtained. In any case, the received token frame is switched to another port that is not the received port.
- the data frame communication processing unit 27 performs data frame transmission / reception processing. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the destination address 102 of the received data frame matches the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 24. If not, the data frame is received. If they match, the reception process is performed. If the transmission right is acquired, a data frame based on the Ethernet frame 100 is generated and transmitted. For example, in the Ethernet frame 100 of FIG. 2A, a value indicating a data frame is set in the type 104, the data to be transmitted is set in the data 105, and the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 24 in the destination address 102 A data frame with an address set is created and transmitted to the slave station by broadcast.
- the data frame communication processing unit 27 sets the broadcast address as the broadcast address when the multicast address storage unit 24 stores the multicast address where the data frame should be transmitted by broadcast. Instead, the multicast address is set as the destination address 102 and the data frame is transmitted by broadcast.
- the MAC address for indicating to which slave station the data frame belongs is provided in the data 105 as the destination device information, and which data is stored in the data 105. Information indicating whether the data is for the slave station is added. It also has a function of transferring (switching) data frames addressed to other slave stations.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the functional configuration of the slave station.
- the slave station 50 includes two ports 51-1 and 51-2 for connecting an Ethernet cable between adjacent communication nodes (communication management device 10, slave station 50) or a switching hub, and ports 51-1, And a communication processing unit 60 that performs frame transmission / reception processing via 51-2.
- the ports 51-1 and 51-2 include two ports, a first port 51-1 and a second port 51-2. It is only necessary that at least one of these two ports 51-1 and 51-2 is connected to a communication node (or a port of a communication node via a switching hub).
- the communication processing unit 60 includes a token circulation destination information storage unit 61, a multicast address storage unit 62, a token frame processing unit 63, and a data frame communication processing unit 64.
- the token frame processing unit 63 and the data frame communication processing unit 64 correspond to frame communication processing means.
- the token circulation destination information storage unit 61 stores the token circulation destination information notified from the communication management device 10. Here, it is assumed that only the MAC address of the communication node that obtains the transmission right next to the slave station 50 is stored as the token circulation destination information.
- the multicast address storage unit 62 stores the multicast address of the group to which the own station belongs received from the communication management apparatus 10. This multicast address is generated from the MAC address of the communication management device 10 by the communication management device 10 in accordance with the rules described in FIG. 3, and is also information for identifying a group in which the own station exists.
- the destination address 102 matches the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 62. If it does not match, the token frame reception process is not performed. If they match, the transmission right acquisition device information in the data 105 of the token frame is compared with the MAC address of the own station. If they match, it is determined that the transmission right has been acquired, and the data frame communication processing unit 64 is instructed to perform data frame transmission processing. If they do not match, it is determined that the transmission right has not yet been obtained. In any case, the received token frame is switched to another port that is not the received port.
- the token frame processing unit 63 stores the transmission right acquisition device information of the received token frame in the token circulation destination information storage unit 61 after the transmission of the data frame by the data frame communication processing unit 64 is completed.
- the stored token circulation destination information is set, the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 62 is set in the destination address 102, and the broadcast is transmitted. That is, in the first embodiment, the token frame processing unit 63 does not use the broadcast address as the broadcast address when the multicast address storage unit 62 stores the multicast address where the token frame should be transmitted in the past.
- the multicast address is set as the destination address 102, and the token frame is transmitted by broadcast.
- the data frame communication processing unit 64 performs data frame transmission / reception processing. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the destination address 102 of the received data frame matches the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 62. If not, the data frame is received. If they match, the reception process is performed. When the transmission right is acquired, a value indicating a data frame is set in the type 104, the data to be transmitted is set in the data 105, and the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage unit 62 is set in the destination address 102. A data frame in which an address is set is generated and transmitted to the communication management device 10 and the slave station 50 by broadcast.
- the data frame communication processing unit 64 sets the broadcast address as the broadcast address when the multicast address storage unit 62 stores the multicast address in the past where the data frame should be transmitted by broadcast. Instead, the multicast address is set as the destination address 102 and the data frame is transmitted by broadcast. Further, it has a function of transferring (switching) a data frame addressed to another communication node.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of processing when the communication node receives a frame according to the first embodiment.
- the processing shown here is performed by the token frame processing units 26 and 63 when, for example, a token frame is received, and is performed by the data frame communication processing units 27 and 64 when a data frame is received.
- step S11 when a token frame or a data frame is received (step S11), it is determined whether the destination address 102 in the Ethernet frame matches the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage units 24 and 62 (step S12). If the destination address 102 does not match the multicast address of the own group (No in step S12), the frame is not received and sent from another port (step S13), and the process ends.
- step S12 if the destination address 102 matches the multicast address of the own group (Yes in step S12), it is assumed that it is the frame of the own group, and the reception process is performed and the received frame is repeated (step) S14).
- a reception process for example, in the case of a token frame, a process for determining whether or not the received communication node has a transmission right is performed.
- a process for receiving data addressed to the own communication node is performed. . Then, the process ends.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams schematically illustrating an operation when a plurality of groups are connected by a switching hub.
- one communication management device (indicated as a management station in the figure) 10-1 and three slave stations 50-A, 50-B, and 50-C are switched.
- the first group 91 is configured by being connected by an Ethernet cable via the hub 81. It is assumed that the MAC address of the communication management device 10-1 of the first group 91 is “11-22-33-44-55-66”.
- the multicast address generation unit 23 of the communication management apparatus 10-1 generates the multicast address “91-22-33-44-55-66” used in the first group 91 from the MAC address of its own station ( S21).
- the generated multicast address is stored in the multicast address storage unit 24.
- the logical ring configuration unit 21 of the communication management apparatus 10-1 performs logical ring configuration processing and token circulation with respect to the slave stations 50-A, 50-B, and 50-C existing in a range where the frame can be received by broadcast.
- the token frame processing unit 26 issues a token frame in accordance with the token circulation order information.
- the multicast address notification unit 25 notifies the multicast address to the slave stations 50-A, 50-B, and 50-C configuring the logical ring ( S22).
- the notified multicast address is stored in the multicast address storage unit 62.
- each of the slave stations 50-A, 50-B, and 50-C recognizes the network group 91 (a member of the logical ring of the communication management apparatus 10-1) to which the slave station belongs (S23).
- a second group in which one communication management device ( master station) 10-2 and three slave stations 50-D, 50-E, 50-F are connected via an Ethernet cable via the switching hub 82.
- the communication management device 10-2 also generates a multicast address for S.92 (S24), notifies the slave stations 50-D, 50-E, and 50-F (S25), and each slave station 50-D. , 50-E, 50-F recognize the network group 92 to which the own station belongs (S26).
- the MAC address of the communication management apparatus 10-2 of the second group is “11-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF”, and the multicast address generated from this MAC address is “91-BB”. -CC-DD-EE-FF ".
- a token frame in which the multicast address set in each of the groups 91 and 92 is set as a destination address is broadcast and the transmission right in the token frame is acquired.
- the communication node set by the device information obtains the transmission right, sets the multicast address as the destination address of the data frame, and transmits it by broadcast (S27).
- “91-22-33-44-55-66” is used as the multicast address
- “91-BB-CC-DD” is used as the multicast address.
- -EE-FF is used and the frame is broadcast.
- the transmitted data is expressed as “Cycle_data_A” and “Cycle_data_B”.
- the communication node in each group receives the frame, and if not, does not receive the frame.
- the first and second groups 91 and 92 are independent. Therefore, in each of the groups 91 and 92, a frame in which a multicast address of another group is set is displayed. None receive.
- the data frame 121 sent out by the communication node of the second group 92 is sent to the first group 91 via the switching hub 83. It enters (S28).
- the communication node (communication management device 10-1 and slave stations 50-A, 50-B, 50-C) of the first group 91 has the destination address of the received data frame 121 itself. Since it does not match the multicast address of the first group 91 to which the communication node belongs, the frame 121 reception processing is not performed (S29). The same applies to frames from the first group 91 that have entered the second group 92.
- the communication management apparatus 10 notifies the multicast address generated from its own MAC address to the slave stations 50 that exist on the same logical ring and form one group, Since the multicast address notified to the communication in this group is set to the destination address of the frame and transmitted by broadcast, each communication node 10, 50 can transmit the frame in its own group and the frame of another group It is possible to carry out processing with distinction.
- the communication management device 10 since the communication management device 10 generates a multicast address from its own MAC address, the multicast address is also unique, and the multicast address does not overlap among a plurality of groups. Further, since the communication management apparatus 10 notifies the multicast address to the slave stations 50 existing on the logical ring, and each slave station 50 stores the multicast address, the multicast as set by the operator is performed. This has the effect of preventing erroneous address settings.
- each communication node 10, 50 compares the destination address of the received frame with the multicast address of its own group to determine whether or not to perform the frame reception process, so that a group is formed. Even when a plurality of groups are erroneously connected directly or via a switching hub or the like during a subsequent operation, frames from other groups are not received and processed. In other words, even when an operator connects different groups via Ethernet, the programmable controller connected to the communication management device 10 is prevented from performing arithmetic processing using erroneous data, and system errors can be prevented. There is also an effect that the operation can be prevented.
- each communication node compares the destination address of the received frame with the multicast address of its own group to determine whether or not to perform data reception processing.
- FIG. 6B when the frame 121 flows from the second group 92 to the first group 91, all the communication nodes 10-1 and 50 in the first group 91 are obtained. Frames from the second group 92 are received at -A, 50-B, and 50-C, and useless communication occurs in the first group 91. Therefore, in the second embodiment, a communication method that can suppress useless communication of frames from other groups within the own group will be described.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of frame processing of the communication node according to the second embodiment.
- the processing shown here is performed by the token frame processing units 26 and 63 when, for example, a token frame is received, and is performed by the data frame communication processing units 27 and 64 when a data frame is received.
- step S51 when a token frame or a data frame is received (step S51), it is determined whether the destination address 102 in the frame matches the multicast address stored in the multicast address storage units 24 and 62 (step S52). If the destination address 102 does not match the multicast address of the own group (No in step S52), the frame is discarded without receiving the frame (step S53). That is, the received frame is not switched to another port that is not a reception port. Then, the process ends.
- the reception process is performed and the received frame is repeated (step S52), assuming that the frame is the own group. S54).
- the reception process for example, in the case of a token frame, a process for determining whether or not the received communication node has a transmission right is performed.
- a process for receiving data addressed to the own communication node is performed. Then, the process ends.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a data flow when two groups having different multicast addresses are connected.
- a first group 93 consisting of the communication management device 10-1 and slave stations 50-A, 50-B, 50-C, 50-G, the communication management device 10-2 and the slave station 50-D
- the slave station 50-A is connected in a line to one port of the communication management device 10-1, and the slave stations 50-B, 50-C, and 50-G are connected to the other port.
- the slave stations 50-G are connected in a line, and are connected to the slave station 50-C via the switching hub 84.
- the slave station 50-D is connected in a line to one port of the communication management apparatus 10-2, and the slave stations 50-E and 50-F are connected in a line to the other one port. It is connected to the.
- the first and second groups 93 and 94 are not connected, and each group 93 and 94 has the MAC of the communication management apparatuses 10-1 and 10-2 as described in the first embodiment. Communication is performed using a multicast address generated from the address.
- the second group 94 changes the second group 94 to the first group 93.
- 94 frame 122B (denoted as Cycle_data_B in the figure) enters, and the first group 93 frame 122A (denoted as Cycle_data_A in the figure) enters the second group 94 from the first group 93 (S62). .
- the processing of FIG. 7 is performed, and the second port C2 connected to the switching hub 84 A frame from the second group 94 is received (S63), but since the destination address 102 of the frame is different from the multicast address of the own group, the frame is discarded without being transmitted from the first port C1 (S64).
- the frame 122B from the second group 94 is not transmitted from the first port C1 of the slave station 50-C, and therefore reaches the communication management device 10-1 and the other slave stations 50-A and 50-B. There is nothing to do.
- the slave station 50-D located at the boundary between the second group 94 and the first group 93 is also received by the first port D1 connected to the switching hub 84 (S65).
- the frame 122A of the first group 93 is discarded without being transmitted from the second port D2 (S66).
- the frame 122A from the first group 93 is not transmitted from the second port D2 of the slave station 50-D, and therefore reaches the communication management device 10-2 and other slave stations 50-E and 50-F. There is nothing to do.
- the slave station 50-G of the first group 93 receives the frame 122B of the second group 94 from the second port G2. However, since there is no network beyond the first port G1, the slave station 50-G receives the frame 122B. The frame of the second group 94 cannot be transmitted.
- the second embodiment when a plurality of groups exist in the network of the same segment, when a frame from another group is received from a certain port at a communication node located at the boundary with an adjacent group.
- the function of discarding without sending from other ports is provided, it is possible to prevent the network bandwidth from being consumed by a frame not related to the own group.
- Embodiment 3 FIG.
- there are a plurality of master stations on the network of the same segment and as explained in the first embodiment, a multicast is performed for each group of master stations and slave stations existing on the network of the same segment. If a group is set, it becomes necessary to store multicast addresses for determining the presence / absence of repeats for the number of connected master stations.
- a case where a plurality of master stations exist on the same segment network will be described.
- the communication management apparatus 10 is either the first group master station (A) or the second group master station (B). Therefore, the same multicast address is set for all of the first group and the second group.
- the master station distributes the master identification information, which is information for identifying the group in the same segment, to each slave station to the slave station controlled by the own station. This master identification information may be stored.
- the master identification information is stored and transmitted in the frame. In other cases, the master identification information may be transmitted without being stored.
- the data frame communication processing units 27 and 64 read the master identification information, confirm whether it matches the master identification information held by the own station, and if it matches, receive the information. Processing that repeats the processing is performed, and if they do not match, the processing that repeats the processing may be performed without performing the reception processing of the information.
- the case where two groups exist in the same segment has been described as an example, but the same applies to the case where three or more groups exist.
- the communication nodes (master station and slave station) in the same segment are the same multicast regardless of the group. Since the frame is transmitted using the address and the master identification information for identifying the group is stored inside the frame, the communication node located at the boundary with the other network is the same as in the second embodiment. In addition, there is an effect that it is possible to determine whether or not a received frame can be flown in the same segment using only the multicast address assigned to the network to which it belongs.
- the communication nodes in the same segment refer to the master identification information of the received frame to determine whether or not the frame belongs to the group to which the communication node belongs, so even if there are multiple groups in the same segment, There is also an effect that it is possible to prevent a communication node belonging to another group from erroneously receiving data of a certain group.
- a program in which each processing procedure is written is executed by a computer such as a programmable controller having a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a personal computer.
- the CPU (control means) of the computer executes each processing step of the data communication method described above according to the program.
- These programs are read by a computer such as a hard disk, floppy disk, CD (Compact Disk) -ROM (Read Only Memory), MO (Magneto-Optical disk), DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk). It is recorded on a possible recording medium and executed by being read from the recording medium by a computer.
- These programs can also be distributed through a network (communication line) such as the Internet.
- the communication management apparatus can be a communication management circuit realized by a circuit that executes processing according to the above processing procedure for each processing unit described in the above-described embodiment.
- the master station and the slave station can also be communication circuits in which each processing unit described in the above-described embodiment is realized by a circuit that executes processing according to the above processing procedure.
- the communication management device may be an LSI (Large-Scale Integration) in which each processing unit described in the above-described embodiment is processed so as to execute processing according to the above processing procedure.
- the master station and the slave station can also be LSIs in which each processing unit described in the above-described embodiment is processed so as to execute processing according to the above processing procedure.
- the communication management device is a device that manages communication in the network of the same segment. When there is one master station in the network of the same segment, the master station is usually a communication management device, and a plurality of When there is a master station, any one of the plurality of master stations becomes a communication management device. At this time, the other master station has a configuration in which the communication management function is removed from the communication management device.
- the communication management device is useful for a network system connected by Ethernet, which requires real-time data communication.
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Abstract
Description
11-1,11-2,51-1,51-2 ポート
20,60 通信処理部
21 論理リング構成部
22 トークン巡回順序情報記憶部
23 マルチキャストアドレス生成部
24,62 マルチキャストアドレス記憶部
25 マルチキャストアドレス通知部
26,63 トークンフレーム処理部
27,64 データフレーム通信処理部
50 スレーブ局
61 トークン巡回先情報記憶部
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による通信管理装置の機能構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。通信管理装置(マスタ局)10は、隣接する通信ノード(スレーブ局)またはスイッチングハブとの間でイーサネット(登録商標、以下同じ)ケーブルを接続するための2つのポート11-1,11-2と、ポート11-1,11-2を介したフレームの送受信処理やトークンフレームの送信順序を確立する処理などを行う通信処理部20と、を備える。
実施の形態1では、各通信ノードが、受信したフレームの宛先アドレスと自グループのマルチキャストアドレスとを比較して、データの受信処理を行うか否かを判定していた。このような場合、たとえば図6-2に示されるように、第2のグループ92から第1のグループ91にフレーム121が流れ込むと、第1のグループ91内のすべての通信ノード10-1,50-A,50-B,50-Cで第2のグループ92からのフレームが受信されてしまい、無駄な通信が第1のグループ91内で発生してしまう。そこで、この実施の形態2では、他のグループからのフレームの自グループ内での無駄な通信を抑制することができる通信方法について説明する。
実施の形態2では、同一セグメントのネットワーク上にマスタ局(=通信管理装置)が1台しかない場合を説明した。しかし、実施の形態2の場合で同一セグメントのネットワーク上にマスタ局が複数台存在し、実施の形態1で説明したように同一セグメントのネットワーク上に存在するマスタ局とスレーブ局のグループごとにマルチキャストグループを設定してしまうと、リピートの有無を判定するマルチキャストアドレスを、マスタ局の接続台数分だけ格納する必要が生じてしまう。そこで、この実施の形態3では、同一セグメントのネットワーク上に複数のマスタ局が存在する場合について説明する。
Claims (8)
- 同一セグメントのネットワーク内に、1台の通信管理装置と1台以上のスレーブ局とがイーサネット(登録商標)ケーブルで接続されてなるグループが形成され、前記グループ内で送信権を示すトークンフレームを巡回順序にしたがって通信ノード間を巡回させてデータの送信を管理する通信管理装置であって、
ブロードキャストで送信される範囲に存在する前記スレーブ局と自装置とで、送信権を示すトークンフレームの送信順序を決定し、論理リングを構成する論理リング構成手段と、
自装置のMACアドレスからマルチキャストアドレスを生成するマルチキャストアドレス生成手段と、
前記マルチキャストアドレスを記憶するマルチキャストアドレス記憶手段と、
前記論理リングを構成する前記スレーブ局に前記マルチキャストアドレスを通知するマルチキャストアドレス通知手段と、
宛先アドレスに前記マルチキャストアドレスを設定したフレームを送信し、受信したフレームの前記宛先アドレスが前記マルチキャストアドレス記憶手段に記憶されているマルチキャストアドレスに一致するかを判定し、一致しない場合には、前記フレームの受信処理を行わずに前記フレームをスイッチするフレーム通信処理手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする通信管理装置。 - 前記フレーム通信処理手段は、受信した前記フレームの前記宛先アドレスが前記マルチキャストアドレスに一致しない場合には、受信処理を行わず、前記フレームを廃棄することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信管理装置。
- 前記マルチキャストアドレス生成手段は、自装置に設定された48ビットのMACアドレスのうち第1オクテットの先頭ビットを「1」にしてマルチキャストアドレスを生成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信管理装置。
- 同一セグメントのネットワーク内に、1台の通信管理装置と1台以上のスレーブ局とがイーサネット(登録商標)ケーブルで接続されてなるグループが形成され、前記グループ内で巡回される自局宛のトークンフレームを獲得することによってデータの送信を行う通信装置であって、
前記通信管理装置から通知され、前記グループでの通信に使用されるマルチキャストアドレスを記憶するマルチキャストアドレス記憶手段と、
宛先アドレスに前記マルチキャストアドレスを設定したフレームを送信し、受信したフレームの前記宛先アドレスが前記マルチキャストアドレス記憶手段に記憶されているマルチキャストアドレスに一致するかを判定し、一致しない場合には、前記フレームの受信処理を行わずに前記フレームをスイッチするフレーム通信処理手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする通信装置。 - 前記フレーム通信処理手段は、受信した前記フレームの前記宛先アドレスが前記マルチキャストアドレスに一致しない場合には、受信処理を行わず、前記フレームを廃棄することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の通信装置。
- イーサネット(登録商標)ケーブルで接続された1台の通信管理装置と1台以上のスレーブ局が存在する同一セグメントのネットワーク内で、送信権を示すトークンフレームを巡回順序にしたがって通信ノード間で巡回させて前記通信ノードによるデータの送信を管理しながら通信を行う通信方法であって、
前記通信管理装置は、ブロードキャストでフレームを送信可能な範囲に接続される前記スレーブ局と自装置とで、前記トークンフレームを順に巡回させて通信を行うグループを形成するグループ形成工程と、
前記通信管理装置は、前記グループ内での通信に使用されるマルチキャストアドレスを、自装置のMACアドレスから生成するマルチキャストアドレス生成工程と、
前記通信管理装置は、前記マルチキャストアドレスを前記グループ内の前記スレーブ局に通知するマルチキャストアドレス通知工程と、
前記通信管理装置と前記スレーブ局は、前記マルチキャストアドレスを宛先アドレスに設定してフレームを送信する送信工程と、
前記通信管理装置と前記スレーブ局は、受信したフレームの宛先アドレスと前記グループ内で使用される前記マルチキャストアドレスとが一致するか判定し、一致する場合には受信処理を行い、一致しない場合には受信処理を行わない受信工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする通信方法。 - 前記受信工程で、前記フレームの宛先アドレスと前記グループ内で使用されるマルチキャストアドレスとが一致しない場合には、前記フレームを廃棄することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の通信方法。
- 前記マルチキャストアドレス生成工程で、前記通信管理装置の48ビットのMACアドレスのうち第1オクテットの先頭ビットを「1」にしてマルチキャストアドレスを生成することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の通信方法。
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