WO2010070952A1 - 太陽電池の特性測定装置 - Google Patents
太陽電池の特性測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010070952A1 WO2010070952A1 PCT/JP2009/064970 JP2009064970W WO2010070952A1 WO 2010070952 A1 WO2010070952 A1 WO 2010070952A1 JP 2009064970 W JP2009064970 W JP 2009064970W WO 2010070952 A1 WO2010070952 A1 WO 2010070952A1
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- solar cell
- load
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- electronic load
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 80
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012951 Remeasurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus for measuring output characteristics of solar cells and modules, particularly current-voltage (IV) characteristics.
- the output characteristics of the solar cell are measured by irradiating the solar cell with simulated sunlight or natural sunlight.
- the operating point of the solar cell is the voltage point Voc in the open state of the solar cell and the current point Isc in the short circuit state in FIG. It is performed by measuring the output voltage and output current at that time.
- a method of changing the operating point of the solar cell for example, there are a capacitor load method as shown in Patent Document 1 and an electronic load method as shown in Patent Document 2.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus using a capacitor load method.
- 1 is a solar cell to be measured for output characteristics
- 2 is a voltage detector that detects the output voltage of the solar cell
- 3 is a current detector that detects the output current of the solar cell
- 5 is current detection.
- a load capacitor 6 connected in series to the output of the solar cell 1 through the measuring device 2 and the measurement switch 4 is a discharge switch 6 connected in parallel to the load capacitor 5.
- the output characteristics are measured by turning on the measurement switch 4 and supplying a charging current from the solar cell 1 to the load capacitor 5 in a state where the solar cell 1 is irradiated with pseudo-sunlight or natural sunlight. Is performed by measuring the output voltage V and the output current I using the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3. The remeasurement is performed after discharging the charge of the load capacitor 5 by turning off the measurement switch 4 and turning on the discharge switch 6.
- the electronic load type measuring apparatus includes an electronic control element 71 made of a field effect transistor and the like, an operational amplifier 72 for driving the electronic control element, and the like, instead of the load capacitor 5.
- the electronic load 7 is used to adjust the load current or voltage of the solar cell 1 by the electronic load 7.
- a signal for continuously changing the output current of the solar cell is given to the input of the operational amplifier 72 of the electronic load 7 until the load state of the solar cell is changed from the open load state to the load short-circuit state as in the case of the capacitor load method.
- the output characteristics are measured by measuring the output voltage and the output current with the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 while changing the output voltage.
- a solar cell is provided with a PN junction portion regardless of whether it is a solar cell of a crystalline form or an amorphous form, and a junction capacity exists in this junction portion. Because of this junction capacity, when the load current is taken out from the solar cell, the output voltage V is equal to that of the junction capacity from when the load is applied until the value stabilizes to a true value, as shown in FIG. There is an unstable voltage instability period (t1-t3) corresponding to the charge / discharge time of charge.
- the present invention provides a solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus capable of accurately measuring the output characteristics of a solar cell while avoiding the influence of the junction capacity of the solar cell in order to solve such problems in the conventional apparatus. It is to be an issue.
- the present invention provides a load circuit for a solar cell configured by connecting an electronic load device capable of variably setting a load current or a load voltage to the solar cell, and a voltage detector for the load circuit. And a measurement circuit configured by connecting a current detector, and a load taken from the solar cell of the electronic load device while periodically and intermittently driving the electronic load device in the load circuit.
- the operating point control means for controlling the operating point of the solar cell by dividing the size of the solar cell into a plurality of ranges in a range from a state where the solar cell is opened to a state where the solar cell is short-circuited, and driving of the electronic load device
- the detection values of the voltage detector and current detector of the measurement circuit are read for each period in the stable period of the output voltage of the solar cell, and the read data is processed to obtain output characteristics. Is characterized in that provided a physical means.
- the operating point control means is configured to give a drive command to the electronic load device at a predetermined cycle, and the time width of the drive command is from when a load is applied to the solar cell until the output voltage is stabilized. If the time width is longer than the time and the processing means reads the detection values of the voltage detector and the current detector after the output voltage of the solar cell is stabilized, the output voltage and output current of the solar cell are loaded. Since the output voltage that varies with the output voltage can be reliably measured when it shows a true value, accuracy can be ensured.
- the time width of the drive command can be changed according to the load current value commanded to the electronic load device.
- a change in the output voltage of the solar cell is monitored after a drive command is given to the electronic load device, and the change is detected and the voltage detector and the current detector are detected by the processing means at the time of detection.
- the detected value can be read and the drive command can be stopped after reading.
- the electronic load device can be prevented from overheating by providing means for forcibly shutting off the drive command given from the operating point control means to the electronic load device for a predetermined time or more. .
- the electronic load device is constituted by a plurality of electronic load units, and the electronic load unit is selectively driven by combining one or more electronic load units. Speed can be increased.
- the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar cell are measured, and a load control pattern is created and set based on the measured open-circuit voltage or short-circuit current.
- Control pattern setting means is provided, and the electronic load device can be controlled according to the load control pattern set by the load control pattern setting means to perform characteristic measurement.
- the load control pattern setting means It is preferable to set the measurement section finely in a range larger than 50% of the measured open circuit voltage or short circuit current.
- an electronic load device capable of variably setting the load current or voltage is connected to the solar cell, and the load of the electronic load device is plural in the range from the open state to the short circuit state of the solar cell.
- the operating point of the solar cell is changed by controlling it step by step, and at each stage, when the solar cell is loaded and the output voltage is stabilized, the voltage detector and current detector of the solar cell measurement circuit Since the detected value is read, the output voltage and output current of the solar cell can be accurately measured without being affected by the junction capacity of the solar cell, so that the output characteristics of the solar cell can be accurately obtained.
- FIG. 1 It is a block circuit diagram which shows the structure of the characteristic measuring apparatus of the solar cell of Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the time change of the load electric current command Is during the measurement operation
- FIG. It is an operation
- FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing a configuration of a solar cell characteristic measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a solar cell to be measured
- 2 denotes a voltage detector that detects an output voltage V of the solar cell
- 3 denotes a current detector that detects an output current I of the solar cell 1.
- Reference numeral 7 denotes an electronic load device that is connected to the output terminal of the solar cell 1 and adjusts the load on the solar cell 1.
- the electronic load device 7 includes an electronic control element 71 made of a field effect transistor or the like, a drive amplifier 72 composed of an operational amplifier that drives and controls the electronic control element 71, and a reference resistor R.
- Reference numeral 9 denotes an arithmetic processing unit (hereinafter referred to as MPU) configured by a microprocessor that controls the entire apparatus.
- MPU arithmetic processing unit
- the operating current is supplied to the electronic load device 7 through the measurement switch 8 periodically according to a built-in program.
- a value is commanded, and a set (S) and a reset (R) of the timer 10 that controls opening and closing of the measurement switch 8 are commanded.
- the MPU 9 reads the detected values (measured values) of the voltage and current from the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 by A / D conversion at an optimum timing according to a built-in program, and stores them in a built-in memory. Then, processing for obtaining output characteristics of the solar cell is performed based on the stored measurement values.
- the electronic load device 7 since the electronic load device 7 is composed of a single electronic load unit, the electronic load device 7 needs to have a capacity that can cover the entire capacity of the output of the solar cell 1 to be measured. There is.
- the measurement of the characteristics of the solar cell by the apparatus of the first embodiment is basically the same as the conventional electronic load type measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 16, that is, various driving amplifiers 72 of the electronic load apparatus 7 are used.
- the electronic control element 71 changes the operating point of the solar cell 1 by controlling the load current I of the solar cell 1 to the commanded current value.
- the voltage and current of the load circuit of the solar cell 1 are measured by the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 to obtain the output characteristics of the solar cell.
- the electronic load device 7 is continuously provided.
- a heat sink coupled to the electronic control element 71 requires a large heat sink having a large heat capacity. The entire device 7 becomes large.
- the load current command Is given to the electronic load device 7 is given from the MPU 9 to a predetermined period T as shown in FIG.
- the drive period (on period) Ton for bearing the load current of the electronic control element 71 of the electronic load device 7 is made as short as possible by giving a short time of about several ms to 10 ms.
- the load current command Is, the output current I of the solar cell 1 and the output current I of the solar cell 1 when the electronic load device 7 is intermittently driven by the load current command Is varied at a constant period T according to the present invention and the output characteristics of the solar cell 1 are measured.
- Simplified waveforms of the output voltage V are shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c), respectively.
- the on period Ton in which the load current command Is is supplied to the electronic load device 7 to drive it is shown as approximately 1/5 of the intermittent period T, and the off period Toff during which driving is stopped is represented as 4/5.
- this is not limited to this, and can be arbitrarily determined according to the characteristics of the electronic control element 71 of the electronic load device 7 to be used.
- the electronic load device 7 bears the load current I of the solar cell 1, so that heat is generated and the heat is accumulated. Since it is better that the accumulated heat due to the load current is small, it is preferable to shorten the on period Ton as much as possible.
- the off period Toff in which the electronic load device 7 is turned off and heat generation is stopped is a period in which heat stored in the electronic control element 71 is radiated in the on period Ton to prepare for the next load current. It is necessary to select a time during which the heat accumulated in the electronic load device 7 can be sufficiently dissipated in the period Ton, and is determined according to the thermal characteristics of the electronic load device 7.
- the load current command Is given to the electronic load device 7 ranges from the load current command value Is0 for releasing the solar cell to the load current command value Iss for short-circuiting, Is0, Is1, Is2 ⁇ Iss, etc.
- the load current command Is at each stage divided in this way is sequentially given to the electronic load device 7 at a predetermined period T, the output current I of the solar cell 1 is correspondingly applied by the electronic load device 7 as shown in FIG.
- the currents I0, I1, I2,... Isc are controlled according to the commanded current value as shown in FIG. Further, by controlling the load current I in this way, the output voltage V becomes voltages Vop, V1, V2,... Vsp corresponding to the respective load currents as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of operating points are set in the range from the open state to the short circuit state.
- the output voltage V and the output current I of the solar cell 1 are respectively detected by the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 during the on period Ton when the electronic load device 7 is driven and takes a load from the solar cell 1 in each cycle.
- the current-voltage characteristics of the output of the solar cell 1 can be obtained from the measured value.
- the output voltage V and the current I in each period show waveforms as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
- the output voltage V of the solar cell 1 is similarly changed from the open state voltage Voc according to the time constant of the load circuit during the period Tus corresponding to the discharge time of the charge of the junction capacitor.
- the voltage drops slowly to a voltage Vm corresponding to the load current Im, and becomes a stable voltage.
- the solar cell 1 always exhibits such a voltage change when the electronic load device 7 is turned on.
- a period Tus in which this voltage changes and is not stable is called a voltage non-stable period, and is stable at a predetermined voltage.
- This period Tst is called a voltage stabilization period.
- the MPU 9 reads the detection values of the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 during the voltage stabilization period Tst after the voltage instability period Tus of the on-period Ton of the electronic load device 7 has elapsed.
- the on period Ton is selected to be a time during which the voltage stabilization period Tst having a sufficient length for measuring the voltage and current can be secured after the voltage instability period Tus has elapsed.
- step S0 when the MPU 9 is instructed to start measurement, in step S1, a load current command Is is output to the measurement switch 8 according to a preset program from the MPU 9 to the electronic load device 7.
- the load current command Is output to the measurement switch 8 is set to a height corresponding to the command value for each time, and the time width is set to a preset ON period Ton (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Is given as a pulse signal.
- the set signal S is given from the MPU 9 to the timer 10, and the timer 10 is set.
- the timer 10 is composed of a one-shot timer circuit or the like.
- the timer 10 When the set signal S is input, the timer 10 generates an output for a preset time.
- the reset signal R is input within the set time, the output signal is output at that time.
- the installation time of the timer 10 is set to the maximum allowable energization time Tmax determined from its thermal characteristics so that the electronic control element 71 of the electronic load device 7 is not overheated by energization.
- the timer 10 starts a time measuring operation and outputs an ON signal to the measurement switch 8 until the reset signal R is input or until the set time Tmax is reached and reset. Therefore, the measurement switch 8 is turned on during the period when the timer 10 is set, and the load current command Is is supplied to the drive amplifier 72 of the electronic load device 7 to turn on the electronic control element 71.
- the load current I flowing through the electronic control element 71 that has been turned on is adjusted to a current value commanded by the drive amplifier 72.
- the MPU 9 detects that the voltage stabilization period Tst has passed after the voltage unstable period Tus associated with the junction capacity of the solar cell 1 has elapsed since the time when it was turned on in step S3. In order to do so, it is determined whether or not the elapsed time from the time when the electronic load device 7 is turned on has passed a specified time set in advance that is longer than the expected voltage unstable period Tus. If not, the process returns to the entrance of step S3 at branch N, and the determination process of step S3 is repeated until the elapsed time has passed the specified time.
- step S3 If it is determined in step S3 that the specified time has elapsed, the process proceeds from branch Y to step S4, where the detection values of the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 are A / D converted and read as measurement data by the MPU 9, and read. Store measured data in internal memory.
- step S5 processing for resetting the timer 10 from the MPU 9 is performed. As a result, the timer 10 is reset and the output is stopped, so that the measurement switch 8 is turned off and the load current command Is to the electronic load device 7 is cut off, so that the electronic load device 7 is turned off.
- step S6 one voltage / current measurement process is completed, so this process is added to the number of measurement processes, and whether or not the current number N of measurement processes has reached the preset number Ns set in step S6. Judgment is made. If the number N of measurement processes has not reached the set number Ns, the process proceeds to step S61 at branch N.
- step S61 as a set value for the standby time until the transition to the next measurement process is performed for the off period Toff set to radiate heat from the electronic load apparatus 7 after the on period Ton in the intermittent period T of the electronic load apparatus 7 described above. Set and measure the time after the end of the measurement process, and determine whether or not the set waiting time has elapsed until the set waiting time has passed.
- step S1 at branch Y the set value of the load current command to the electronic load device 7 is changed to a new set value, and the measurement process is executed.
- step S6 Such processing is repeatedly executed, and when it is determined in step S6 that the number N of measurement processes has reached the set number Ns, the process proceeds from branch Y to step S7, and the measurement is terminated.
- the electronic load device 7 in each measurement, is turned on stepwise for a short time so that a load current flows, and the output current of the solar cell 1 is adjusted to thereby determine the operating point of the solar cell.
- the voltage and current can be measured over the entire range from the open state to the short circuit state.
- the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cell can be obtained from all the measured voltage and current data.
- the electronic load device 7 when the voltage and current of the solar cell 1 are measured, the electronic load device 7 is turned on for a very short time of about several ms divided into a plurality of times. Since the voltage and current are measured during the voltage stabilization period in which the output voltage V of the solar cell 1 is stable, a small-sized electronic load device having a small heat capacity can be used, and the voltage and current can be accurately measured. Can be done. Moreover, although Example 1 showed what used the current control element which performs an electric current control as an electronic load apparatus, the output voltage of a solar cell was adjusted using the voltage control element which controls a voltage, and an operating point was set. It is also possible to measure voltage and current while changing.
- FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, which will be described below.
- the configuration of the second embodiment is basically the same as the configuration of the first embodiment, but the second embodiment includes a plurality (n) of electronic load units 7-1 to 7-. n is connected to the MPU 9 through a plurality of selectable measurement switches 8-1 to 8-n, and the measurement time of the voltage and current is not determined by the elapsed time, but the load of the solar cell 1 is applied.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that the change in the voltage at the time is monitored to detect that the voltage is actually stabilized and the measurement time is determined.
- the measurement time is further shortened to increase the measurement speed.
- the capacity of the electronic load units 7-1 to 7-n of the electronic load device 7 is selected to be equal to 1 / n of the total capacity of the electronic load device 7, but the electronic load device 7 is not necessarily limited to this. In this way, the electronic load units of equal capacity may not be combined and may be configured by combining units of different capacities.
- each electronic load unit of the electronic load device 7 is driven by a cycle that is driven for a predetermined time T, bears a load current, and is turned off during a rest time 4T that is four times the drive time T.
- An example is shown.
- the electronic load unit is intermittently controlled in such a cycle, the heat generated during the driving time 1T is safely operated without being overheated by being dissipated during the downtime 4T.
- selection gates 11-1 to 11-n are provided to selectively operate the plurality of electronic load units 7-1 to 7-n of the electronic load device 7, and the MPU 9 Signals S1 to Sn for selecting an electronic load unit are supplied to the selection gate.
- the selection gates 11-1 to 11-n are commonly provided with an open / close signal from the timer 10 to the measurement switches 8-1 to 8-n.
- the load current command Is from the MPU 9 to the electronic load device is commonly given to the measurement switches 8-1 to 8-n.
- the MPU 9 When measuring the characteristics of the solar cell 1, the MPU 9 outputs a load current command Is and selection signals S1 to Sn, which are adjusted stepwise in a predetermined order according to a preset program, and is synchronized with this.
- a set signal is output to the timer 10.
- the selection signal S1 is output, and when the input signal is given from the timer 10 to the measurement switch 8-1, the gate 11-1 is opened, the measurement switch 8-1 is turned on, and the load current command from the MPU 9 is turned on.
- Is is supplied to the electronic load unit 7-1, which is turned on, and adjusts the current of the load circuit of the solar cell 1 to the commanded current value.
- the detected values of the voltage V and current I of the solar cell 1 output detected by the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 are read and stored in the MPU 9, and one measurement is completed.
- the MPU 9 sends a reset signal to the timer 10 to reset it.
- the electronic load device is composed of four electronic load units selected to have a current capacity 1 ⁇ 4 of the total current capacity Ia.
- the example of the control pattern in the case of adjusting with an electric current is shown.
- the load current up to Ia / 4 can be borne by a single electronic load unit, so that the electronic load units 7-1 to 7-4 are continuously turned on by supplying a load current command Is in the cycle of the energization time T,
- the load current can be increased step by step by Ia / 16.
- the three electronic load units are selected and turned on at the same time, and the load current is similarly set to Ia / 16. Adjust by increasing step by step.
- the electronic load device is composed of a plurality of electronic load units, and the load current is controlled and measured in a pattern as shown in FIG. 6B, so that the load current is particularly small. Measurement time can be significantly shortened, and measurement speed can be increased.
- FIG. 6A shows a control pattern of the electronic load device according to the first embodiment in which the electronic load device is configured by a single electronic load unit.
- the device according to the first embodiment has one electronic load unit. Therefore, the electronic load device has a control pattern in which a 4T idle period is inserted after the 1T on period from the beginning to the end.
- the measurement time is reduced in the range of a small current of 2Ia / 4 or less. It can be understood that it is shortened to less than half that in the case of the apparatus of Example 1, and higher-speed measurement is possible.
- All the load current control patterns for measuring the characteristics of the solar cell 1 are formed by the MPU 9 and commanded to each electronic load unit of the electronic load device according to this pattern.
- step S10 when the MPU 9 is instructed to start measurement, in step S11, the load current command Is is set from the MPU 9 to the electronic load device 7 according to a preset program.
- the electronic load unit to be driven is selected in step S13, an electronic load unit selection signal is output to the selection gate, and the process proceeds to the next step S14.
- step S14 the timer 10 is set.
- the selected gates 11-1 to 11-n are turned on, the corresponding measurement switches 8-1 to 8-n are turned on, and a load current command Is is given to the selected electronic load unit. Then, the current I of the load circuit of the solar cell 1 is adjusted to the commanded current value. As a result, the output voltage of the solar cell 1 changes as shown in FIG.
- the MPU 9 monitors the voltage change from the output of the voltage detector 2 as shown in step S15, and the change is detected. It is determined whether or not 0 has been reached. If the voltage change is not 0, the process proceeds from branch N to step S151.
- step S151 the voltage change monitoring time is monitored, and it is determined whether or not the time set in the timer 10 has elapsed. If not, the process returns from the branch N to step S15 and continues to monitor the voltage change. The installation time elapses when the energization time to the electronic load device exceeds a preset maximum allowable time due to some abnormality, and in this case, in order to protect the electronic load device from overheating. Then, the process proceeds from the branch Y to step S152 to stop the measurement and perform the abnormality process.
- step S15 If it is determined in step S15 that the voltage change has become 0 and the voltage stabilization period has been reached, the process proceeds from branch Y to step S16, where the detection values of the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 are read and stored. I do. When this process is completed, the process of resetting the timer 10 in step S17 to turn off the electronic load device 7 and the process of canceling the selection of the electronic load unit in step S18 are performed.
- step S19 it is determined whether or not the number of measurements has reached the prescribed number of measurements. If the prescribed number of measurements has not been reached, the process proceeds from branch N to step S191.
- step S191 a determination process is performed to determine whether or not the time from the end of the measurement by stopping energization of the electronic load device 7 has passed a predetermined standby time until the next measurement. This predetermined waiting time is not always constant. As described in the control pattern of the electronic load unit in FIG. 6, the load state at each time, that is, the electronic load unit that is currently in operation and the next selected electronic device to be driven. It will be decided according to the status of the load unit.
- step S19 the process returns from the branch N to step S191, and this determination process is repeated until the predetermined waiting time elapses. If it is determined that the predetermined waiting time has elapsed, the process returns from the branch Y to the first step S11, shifts to a new measurement, and thereafter repeats this until the specified number of times is reached. When the number of measurements reaches the specified number, in step S19, the process proceeds from branch Y to step S20, and the measurement process ends. In this way, by performing the measurement process a specified number of times, the voltage and current of the entire load state from the open state to the short-circuit state of the solar cell 1 can be measured and recorded.
- Example 2 in order to speed up the measurement, in addition to configuring the electronic load device 7 with a plurality of divided electronic load units 7-1 to 7-n, in each measurement, the voltage stable period is detected by monitoring the change in the voltage of the solar cell when the electronic load is turned on and detecting that the voltage change becomes zero.
- the reference setting time needs to be set to a time at which the voltage is sufficiently stabilized even at a small current i. Therefore, it is set to a longer time, and it cannot be denied that the entire measurement time becomes longer.
- the voltage change is monitored and the place where the charge change becomes zero is detected, so that it is not necessary to wait for a predetermined time as in the first embodiment, and the measurement can be performed immediately when the voltage is stabilized.
- the measurement time can be shortened by increasing the time until the voltage is reached.
- Solar cells generally have the property that when the output current-voltage characteristics are measured under natural sunlight outdoors, the output characteristics vary greatly depending on the weather conditions. In particular, it is well known that the output current extracted from the solar cell varies significantly depending on the intensity of solar radiation.
- the nominal rated value of the solar cell is determined based on the output characteristic value measured in the reference state (solar cell module temperature 25 ° C., solar radiation intensity 1000 W / m 2). For this reason, when the output characteristics of solar cells installed outdoors are measured under the respective weather conditions, they tend to be lower than the rated characteristics.
- the measurement current range is adjusted to the rated value by the measurement device of Example 1 or 2. If the current is adjusted while adjusting the current within the range of the number of measurements determined by the measuring device, the following inconvenience occurs.
- the measurement point (Pi, Vi) which becomes the maximum power of the measurement value by the Lagrange quadratic interpolation method as defined by Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) C8913, C8914, etc.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- the measurement apparatus according to the third embodiment eliminates such inconvenience and allows the maximum power point to be obtained more accurately, so that the measurement apparatus according to the first or second embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 is used.
- the load control pattern setting means 91 is added to the MPU 9 as software.
- FIG. 8 shows the configuration of the measurement apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the basic configuration is the same as that of the measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the load control pattern setting means 91 configured by software is installed in the MPU 9. The only difference is the added point.
- the load control pattern setting unit 91 performs a processing operation as shown in FIG.
- the load control pattern setting means 91 Before the characteristic measurement is started by connecting the measuring device of FIG. 8 to a solar cell installed under natural sunlight to be measured, it is set in the load control pattern setting means 91 in step S20 of FIG. Give a start command. Thereby, the load control pattern setting means 91 starts the operation, and in the next step S21, the voltage detected by the voltage detector 2 in the state where the electronic load device 7 is turned off and the output terminal of the solar cell 1 is opened. An open-circuit voltage measurement process that reads and stores the open-circuit voltage Voc of the solar cell is executed.
- step S22 the process of giving the maximum load to the solar cell 1 is performed by setting the electronic load device 7 to the preset maximum load current Iss and turning it on.
- step S23 the output voltage and current of the solar cell 1 detected by the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 3 in a state where the maximum load is applied to the solar cell 1 by the electronic load device 7, the short-circuit voltage value Vsc and A short-circuit voltage / current measurement process is performed, which is read and stored as the short-circuit current value Isc.
- step S24 in order to determine whether or not the capacity of the solar cell to be measured and the capacity of the measuring device in use are compatible, the short circuit read in the previous step S23. For example, it is determined whether or not the voltage Vsc has dropped to a voltage equal to or lower than a predetermined determination reference voltage set to 3% of the open circuit voltage Voc in advance. As a result, when the short-circuit voltage Vsc is higher than the determination reference voltage, it is determined that the capacity of the solar cell to be measured is larger than the rated capacity of the measuring device, particularly the rated current capacity, and does not conform to the rated capacity of the measuring device. Then, the process proceeds from branch N to step S241 to perform anomaly processing, alarming and displaying that the capacity of the solar cell and the measuring device do not match, and stopping the subsequent measuring operation.
- step S25 where measurement is performed in step S23.
- a load control pattern setting process is executed for creating and setting a control pattern for changing the load current applied to the solar cell 1 stepwise within a preset number of measurement points.
- the process proceeds to the measurement start step S0 or S10 of the apparatus of Example 1 or 2 shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 7, and a load is applied to the solar cell with the newly set load control pattern to measure the operating characteristics. Execute.
- the open circuit voltage is 20.50 V
- the short circuit current is 5.13 A
- the maximum power is 77.25 W
- the maximum power point voltage is 16.43 V
- the maximum power point current is 4
- the operation characteristics of the solar cell operating at 70 A will be described using a measuring device with a rated maximum load current capacity of 10 A.
- the measuring device is set to 40 measurement points.
- the number of measurement points is not limited to the 40 points, and can be set to an arbitrary number.
- (1) Setting method of the first embodiment The first setting method of the load control pattern in the measuring apparatus of the first embodiment does not measure the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current before starting the characteristic measurement.
- the current determined by the capacity here, 10 A
- the load current command value Is formed by this load control pattern changes stepwise from 40 A (measurement points) from 10 A to 0 A.
- FIG. 10 shows measurement data when the characteristics of the solar cell 1 are measured according to such a load control pattern.
- FIG. 10 shows the load current command value Is, the measurement voltage V, the measurement current I, and the measurement power W at each of the measurement points 1 to 40.
- the load current command Is given to the electronic load device 7 changes with a substantially constant change range from 10 A to 0 A in 40 steps as shown in the column of the load current command value Is in FIG. 10 according to the set load control pattern. To do.
- the solar cell to be measured is a solar cell having a capacity of only 5.13 A in a short-circuit state
- the measurement data from measurement points 1 to 19 in FIG. 10 is data indicating the characteristics of this solar cell.
- useless data that is useless is obtained, and only the measurement data from the measurement points 20 to 40 becomes valid data.
- the first setting method of the load control pattern in the apparatus of Example 3 is a solar cell having a characteristic in which the short-circuit current measured by the solar cell to be measured with the solar cell before the characteristic measurement short-circuited is 5.13A. Therefore, based on this short-circuit current value, the maximum load current command value is set to 6A, and a load control pattern is created that forms a load current command value that is given in 40 stages of the number of measurement points. This is set as a load control pattern.
- FIG. 11 shows the result of the characteristic measurement according to the load control pattern set by this method.
- the solar cell to be measured is the same as described above.
- the current in the short circuit state of the solar cell is measured in advance, and the load control pattern, particularly the maximum load current command value is set based on the measured current.
- the measurement data that is wasted is a small range of measurement points 1 to 5. For this reason, the resolution of the measurement data can be increased as compared with the method (1).
- Setting method 2 of the third embodiment The second setting method according to the third embodiment further improves the first setting method according to the third embodiment. This method matches the load control pattern with the characteristics of the solar cell.
- a crystalline solar cell formed of a crystalline semiconductor has a maximum power point in the vicinity of 80% of the open circuit voltage Voc and 90% of the short-circuit current Isc.
- amorphous solar cell formed of an amorphous semiconductor It is known that there is a maximum power point near 70% of the open circuit voltage Voc and 70% of the short circuit current Isc.
- the measurement interval is fine in a current range of 60 to 100% of the short-circuit current Isc, with some allowance so as not to be divided according to the type of solar cell ( For example, 60% of the total number of measurement points is allocated), and the measurement points are allocated so that the measurement interval is wide (for example, 40% of the total number of measurement points is allocated) in the remaining current range of 0 to 60%.
- the load current control control pattern is used.
- the load current command value Is changes at intervals of 0.1 A between the measurement points 1 to 25 at which the short-circuit current Isc is 100 to 60%, and the measurement points at which the load current command value Is becomes 60 to 0%. Between 26 and 40, the pattern changes at 0.24 A intervals.
- the measurement interval in the measurement range including the maximum power point can be made finer.
- FIG. 13 shows a comparison of the results obtained by measuring the power at the maximum power point by the Lagrangian quadratic interpolation method from the measurement results obtained by the measurement device in which the load control pattern is set by the above three methods.
- the maximum power obtained from the measurement result of setting method 2 of Example 3 is 77.24 W, which is closest to the maximum power of 77.25 W of the solar cell to be measured, and can be understood to be accurate. .
- the maximum power 77.08 W obtained from the measurement result of the setting method 1 of Example 3 is a little, but the maximum power 77.06 W obtained from the measurement result of the setting method of Example 1 is larger than the maximum power 77.06 W. It is close to the true value (77.25 W) and is more accurate than the setting method of the first embodiment.
- a load control pattern is prepared in advance corresponding to the type (crystalline or non-crystalline) of the solar cell, and switched according to the type of solar cell.
- B) A load control pattern for each 1A is prepared in advance, and a load control pattern that matches the measured short-circuit current value is selected and set. For example, if the short-circuit current value is 4.8 A, a 5 A load control pattern is applied.
- C) A 1A load control pattern is prepared in advance, and the value of the pattern is multiplied by the short-circuit current value, and the value is used as control data.
- D Prepare a load control pattern with the maximum current in the specification of the measuring device, and use it by multiplying it by “short circuit current value / maximum current value”.
- the method of setting the load control pattern with the current has been described.
- the voltage in the open state of the solar cell is measured before the start of the characteristic measurement, and based on this open voltage.
- a load control pattern may be set.
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Abstract
Description
の過熱を防止することができる。
q =i(電流)×t(時間)
の関係を有するので、太陽電池1から取り出される電流iが小さいほど電圧が安定するまでの時間は長くなり、電流iが大きいほど電圧が安定するまでの時間は短くなる。
(1)実施例1の設定方法
実施例1の測定装置での負荷制御パターンの第1の設定方法は、特性測定開始前に開放電圧および短絡電流の測定を行わないので、測定装置の定格電流容量で決まる電流(ここでは10A)を最大負荷電流に設定して、これに基づいて、設定するものである。この負荷制御パターンによって形成される負荷電流指令値Isは、10Aから0Aまで段階的に40段階(測定ポイント数)に変化するものとなる。
(2)実施例3の設定方法1
実施例3の装置における負荷制御パターンの第1の設定方法は、測定対象の太陽電池が特性測定の前の太陽電池を短絡状態にして測定した短絡電流が5.13Aとなる特性を有する太陽電池であるので、この短絡電流値にもとづいて、最大負荷電流指令値を6Aに設定し、測定ポイント数の40段階に区分して与える負荷電流指令値を形成する負荷制御パターンを作成し、これを負荷制御パターンとして設定するものである。
(3)実施例3の設定方法2
実施例3における第2の設定方法は、前記実施例3の第1の設定方法をさらに改善するものである。この方法は、負荷制御パターンを太陽電池の特性に合わせるものである。
(a) 太陽電池の種類(結晶系、非結晶系)に対応して予め負荷制御パターンを用意し、太陽電池の周類に応じて切り替えて使用する。
(b)予め1A毎の負荷制御パターンを用意しておき、測定された短絡電流値に合わせた負荷制御パターンを選択して設定する。例えば短絡電流値が4.8Aのであったとすれば5Aの負荷制御パターンを適用する。
(c)予め1Aの負荷制御パターンを用意しておき、そのパターンの値に短絡電流値を乗じ値を制御データとして使用する。
(d)測定装置の仕様上の最大電流で負荷制御パターンを用意し、それに「短絡電流値/最大電流値」を乗じて使用する。
2:電圧検出器
3:電流検出器
7:電子負荷装置
7-1~7-n:電子負荷ユニット
8、8-1~8-n:測定スイッチ
9:演算処理装置(MPU)
10:通電制御用タイマ
11―1~11-n:電子負荷選択ゲート
Claims (8)
- 太陽電池に負荷電流または負荷電圧の可変設定が可能な電子負荷装置を接続して構成した太陽電池の負荷回路と、この負荷回路に電圧検出器および電流検出器を接続して構成した測定回路とを備えた太陽電池特性測定装置において、前記負荷回路における電子負荷装置を周期的に断続駆動しながら、前記電子負荷装置の前記太陽電池からとる負荷の大きさを、太陽電池を開放する状態から短絡する状態にいたる範囲で複数に区分して段階的に変更して太陽電池の動作点を制御する動作点制御手段と、前記電子負荷装置の駆動周期ごとに太陽電池の出力電圧の安定した期間において前記測定回路の電圧検出器および電流検出器の検出値を読み込み、読み込んだデータを処理して出力特性を求める処理手段とを設けたことを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項1に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、前記動作点制御手段が前記電子負荷装置に所定の周期で駆動指令を与える構成とし、この駆動指令の時間幅を前記太陽電池に負荷を加えてから出力電圧が安定するまでの時間より長い時間とし、前記処理手段は前記太陽電池の出力電圧が安定した後に前記電圧検出器および電流検出器の検出値を読み込むことを特徴する太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項2に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、前記電子負荷装置に与える駆動指令の時間幅は、電子負荷装置に指令する負荷電流値に応じて変更することを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項2または3に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、前記電子負荷装置に駆動指令を与えてから太陽電池の出力電圧の変化を監視し、変化がなくなったところを検知し、この検知時点おいて前記処理手段により前記電圧検出器および電流検出器の検出値を読み込み、読み込み後に駆動指令を停止することを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項1ないし4項の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、前記動作点制御手段から電子負荷装置に与えられる駆動指令が所定時間以上継続したときこれを強制遮断する手段を設けたことを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項1ないし5の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、前記電子負荷装置を複数個の電子負荷ユニットにより構成し、この電子負荷ユニットを1個または複数個ずつ組み合わせて選択的に駆動するようにすることを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項1ないし6項のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、特性測定を開始する前に太陽電池の開放状態の電圧および短絡状態の電流を測定し、この測定した開放電圧または短絡電流に基づいて負荷制御パターンを作成し、設定する負荷制御パターン設定手段を設け、この負荷制御パターン設定手段により設定された負荷制御パターンに従って前記電子負荷装置を制御して特性測定を行うことを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
- 請求項7に記載の太陽電池の特性測定装置において、前記負荷制御パターン設定手段は、前記測定した開放電圧または短絡電流の50%より大きい範囲で測定区分を細かくすることを特徴とする太陽電池の特性測定装置。
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CA2747204A CA2747204C (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-08-27 | Characteristic measuring device for solar cell |
US13/140,979 US8264251B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-08-27 | Characteristic measuring device for solar cell |
KR1020117002727A KR101073416B1 (ko) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-08-27 | 태양 전지의 특성 측정 장치 |
JP2009553535A JP4563505B2 (ja) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-08-27 | 太陽電池の特性測定装置 |
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JP2015021910A (ja) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-02 | 日本カーネルシステム株式会社 | 太陽電池特性測定装置 |
CN104917458A (zh) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏固德威电源科技有限公司 | 一种无传感器检测输出电流的方法及其电路 |
CN104917458B (zh) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏固德威电源科技股份有限公司 | 一种无传感器检测输出电流的方法及其电路 |
CN105242221A (zh) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-13 | 武汉征原电气有限公司 | 机车电源测试用直流回馈型直流电子负载 |
JP2018085787A (ja) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-31 | 日置電機株式会社 | 太陽電池特性測定装置および太陽電池特性測定方法 |
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CA2747204C (en) | 2013-04-30 |
US20110316578A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
JPWO2010070952A1 (ja) | 2012-05-24 |
JP4563505B2 (ja) | 2010-10-13 |
US8264251B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
KR20110016509A (ko) | 2011-02-17 |
CA2747204A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
KR101073416B1 (ko) | 2011-10-17 |
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