WO2010069935A2

WO2010069935A2 - Composite elements of wood and fibre-reinforced plastic

Info

Publication number: WO2010069935A2
Application number: PCT/EP2009/067123
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef Peter Kurath-Grollmann
Original assignee: Swissfiber Ag
Priority date: 2008-12-19
Filing date: 2009-12-14
Publication date: 2010-06-24
Also published as: CH700137A1; WO2010069935A3

Abstract

The devices and methods concern material combinations of wood-based material and fibre-reinforced plastic. The component assembly (60) comprises a first component (62) and a second component (64), both of a wood-based material, wherein the components are connected to each other by at least one connecting plate (39) of a fibre-reinforced plastic, which is connected in one region to the first component by means of a connecting element (65) and is connected in another region to the second component by means of a further connecting element. The method for creating such a component assembly comprises the steps: a) at least one connecting plate of a fibre-reinforced plastic is made available; b) the connecting plate is adapted in its form to the component assembly to be created; and c) the at least one connecting plate is connected in one region to the first component and in another region to the second component by at least one connecting element in each case. The composite element has at least two plate elements of a wood-based material and at least one articulating element of a fibre-reinforced plastic, each of the plate elements being connected to at least one other of the plate elements by at least one articulating element in each case. In particular, prismatic shell structures can be formed in this way. The girder that is subjected to bending, with a compression chord running in the compression zone and a tension chord running in the tension zone, is characterized in that the compression chord is formed at least partly by wood-based material and the tension chord is formed at least partly by fibre-reinforced plastic. Preferably, the girder that is subjected to bending has a continuous compression part which consists substantially of wood-based material and the tension chord has a continuous tension part which consists substantially of fibre-reinforced plastic.

Description

WOODEN TJND FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC COMPOSITE COMPONENTS

Technical area

The invention relates to objects and methods according to the preamble of the independent claims. In particular, the invention relates on the one hand to bending beams for loads in the construction sector, on the other hand on versatile composite elements for various constructions in indoor or outdoor use and on component composites in which at least two components made of wood material are interconnected.

State of the art

A bending beam has two supporting ends on which it is supported, for example, suspended or placed on a support, and it is loaded from above, that is, applied in the vertical direction with force. Due to the load, there is generally only very slight bending of the bending beam, so that the material of the upper region of the bending beam is compressed (pressure forces act) and the material of the lower portion of the bending beam is pulled apart (there are tensile forces). The upper area is therefore referred to as the pressure area, and the lower area as the Zugbereich. Thrust forces are absorbed by the material arranged between the pressure region and the tensile region.

In the construction sector, timber or timber trusses or even more compact beams made of steel or wood are usually used as bending beams. In the building industry carry such

Bending beams, for example, floors or ceilings or form roofs, while in civil engineering, for example, bridges are formed with it. Trusses are generally lighter and more filigree than compact beams but require more space. Wooden beams require more space than steel girders for the same load-bearing capacity, but can generally be processed and adjusted more easily on site.

Furthermore, composite elements in various applications are known from the prior art.

Next, from the prior art screens are known in which the individual wall parts are connected by metal hinges. Also known from the prior art sliding doors, which are essentially made of wood.

Finally, it is also known from the state of the art to form component composites in which at least two components made of wood-based material are connected to one another by forming metal sheets provided with bores are produced and then the components to be joined together by means of the metal sheets are joined together, for example by screws are driven through the holes in the timber components. The production of the metal sheets is relatively complicated and time-consuming.

Presentation of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide devices and / or methods of at least one of the aforementioned types.

To the first aspect of the invention:

In a first aspect of the invention, in particular an alternatively constructed bending beam is to be created and a corresponding method for creating a building or a part of a building. Another object of the invention is to provide bending beams that are easily adaptable on site, ie on a construction site, and / or editable.

Another object of the invention is to provide bending beams that are machinable by means of woodworking techniques and / or tools.

Another object of the invention is to provide bending beams, the on-site, ie on a construction site, from prefabricated parts can be created, in particular in a simple manner.

Another object of the invention is to allow easy construction of buildings with translucent and / or colored bending beams.

Another object of the invention is to provide a particularly lightweight bending beam.

Another object of the invention is to provide a particularly delicate bending beam. At least one of these objects solves a device or a method with the features of the independent claims to the first aspect of the invention.

The bending beam has a pressure area and a pressure belt running in the pressure belt, as well as a tension area and a tension belt running in the tension area. It is characterized in that the pressure belt is at least partially formed by wood material and the tension belt at least partially by fiber-reinforced plastic.

By "wood-based material" we mean (this of course applies to all aspects of the invention) material or material which consists predominantly of wood, that is to say has a weight fraction of> 50% wood For example, glulam (BSH), medium-density fibreboard (MDF) or chipboard, or wood such as laths Embodiment of the invention, the wood material has a weight content of> 70% wood, in particular> 80% wood.

Wood-based materials have very good printing properties and can be processed relatively easily and with relatively little effort. Moreover, they are well available and relatively inexpensive.

With respect to the fiber-reinforced plastic, fibers such as glass fibers or carbon, aramid or basalt fibers or natural fibers may be used. Suitable plastics are both thermosets and thermoplastics, in particular, for example, epoxy, polyester, polyurethane, PMMA, vinyl esters and polyamide. Fiber-reinforced plastics have very good tensile properties and are very well suited to absorb shear forces. In addition, they are lightweight and can easily be made translucent and / or colored. (This of course applies to all aspects of the invention.)

The inventive bending beam combines in a meaningful way the positive properties of wood-based material and fiber-reinforced plastic.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bending beam is a bending beam for loads in the construction sector. The construction sector includes building construction and civil engineering. The bending beams can be used for example in the construction of ceilings and / or floors and bridges use.

It should be noted that a pressure belt and a tension belt per se is always continuous, but that does not mean that it must be integrally formed. In one embodiment, which can be combined with the aforementioned embodiment, the bending beam, except for fasteners or - materials, exclusively of wood material (or wood materials) and fiber-reinforced plastic (or fiber-reinforced plastics).

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the pressure belt has a continuous pressure part consisting essentially of wood-based material. Wood materials have good availability and good machinability.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the fiber reinforced plastic is low creep.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the pressure member is integrally formed.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the tension belt has a continuous tension member consisting essentially of fiber reinforced plastic. As a result, the good tensile properties of the fiber-reinforced plastic come into play. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam has an intermediate region extending from the pressure region to at least the tension region which is essentially formed by fiber-reinforced plastic.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam has an intermediate region extending from the pressure region to at least the tension region, which is substantially free of wood-based material.

In one embodiment, which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam, apart from provided connecting elements for fixing apart of its main components, consists essentially exclusively of wood-based material and fiber-reinforced plastic. In an embodiment that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the fiber-reinforced plastic has an E-modulus of at least 5000 N / mm ² , in particular of at least 6000 N / mm ² . Typically, the modulus of elasticity is at most 12,000 N / mm ² or even up to a maximum of 20,000 N / mm ² .

In one embodiment, which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the fiber-reinforced plastic has an E-modulus which is greater than the modulus of elasticity of the wood-based material. In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the tension belt is essentially formed by fiber reinforced plastic. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the fiber-reinforced plastic has a tensile strength of at least 90 N / mm ² , in particular of at least 120 N / mm ² . Typically, the tensile strength is at most 300 N / mm ² to 400 N / mm ² .

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam is composed of prefabricated parts, which are connected to each other, possibly by connecting elements, and consist either of wood-based material or of fiber-reinforced plastic.

In an embodiment that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the tensile member is integrally formed.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam has at least one substantially plate-like surface element consisting essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic and extending from the pressure region into the tension region. The at least one surface element thereby serves to enable a force flow between the pressure region and the tensile region, in particular between the pressure belt and the tension belt. Shearing forces, possibly also tensile forces, which occur due to the interaction between the pressure belt and the tension belt, can be absorbed by the at least one surface element. Both horizontal and vertical power flows can be picked up by the at least one surface element.

In a preferred embodiment, which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the at least one surface element is formed in one piece.

In an embodiment that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam has exactly one such surface element.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments other than the latter, the bending beam has a plurality of such surface elements which are arranged side by side, in particular with respect to the horizontal side by side.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam has at least one substantially plate-like surface element consisting essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic and extending from the pressure area in the direction of the tension area or into the tension area, and he further has, in the printing area, at least two pressure parts consisting essentially of wood-based material. In this case, the surface element is fastened in the pressure region between the two pressure parts. This can be created in an elegant way a good pressure and a good tension. And those between printing and Pulling belt occurring thrust forces are absorbed by the at least one surface element.

In an embodiment that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam has at least one of the pressure range in

Direction of the train area or extending into the train area in rib member. In particular, the rib element is attached to the at least one surface element, in particular directly attached thereto. On the one hand, such a rib element can serve to stabilize the surface element. On the other hand, it can support the introduction of force into the surface element, and it can also absorb pressure forces.

In an embodiment with at least one rib element, the bending beam has a plurality of such rib elements, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to a center line between the two support ends of the bending beam.

In an embodiment with at least one rib element that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the rib element consists essentially of wood-based material.

In an embodiment with at least one rib member that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the rib member is formed substantially flat.

In an embodiment with at least one rib element that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the rib member is formed substantially rod-like.

In an embodiment with at least one rib element that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the rib element is oriented substantially perpendicular to the local (local) orientation of the pressure belt.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the flexure beam has two support ends, having at each of the two support ends at least one fin element extending from the compression region to the tensile region. In an embodiment with at least one rib element which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam can be supported particularly well on the lower edge of the two rib elements. In an embodiment with at least one rib element that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, these rib elements also consist essentially of wood-based material. In an embodiment with at least one rib element which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, these rib elements are also substantially flat. In an embodiment with at least one rib element that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, these rib elements are formed substantially rod-like.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the bending beam in the tension region has at least one reinforcing element running essentially along the tension belt. The stiffening element can thus form part of the tension belt.

In an embodiment with stiffening element, the stiffening element consists essentially of wood-based material.

In an embodiment with a stiffening element that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the stiffening element consists essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic. This embodiment may be particularly advantageous in the case of angled bending beams. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the flexure beam comprises a substantially fiber reinforced plastic surface element having two edges and a middle region disposed between the edges, the surface element being in the region of the two edges in the printing area fastened and bent so that the central region forms at least part of the tension belt. In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the pressure area is substantially along a longitudinal axis. Such bending beams find application, especially when floors, ceilings or bridges are to be formed.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, this longitudinal axis is simultaneously the longitudinal axis of the bending beam.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the tension region is also substantially along this longitudinal axis. In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the printing area is angled.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the printing area forms two legs of an angle (with an interior angle <180 °).

In one embodiment with the legs, the legs are the same length.

In an embodiment with the legs that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the distance between the compression belt and the tension belt decreases from the point of contact of the legs to the other ends of the legs. In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the printing area is arcuate.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the print area is tapered.

The method according to the invention is a method for creating a building or a part of a building, wherein a bending beam with a printing area and a pressure belt extending in the pressure belt and with a

Zugbereich and running in the train area tension belt is made. It is characterized in that a substantially consisting of wood material printing part is attached directly or indirectly to a substantially consisting of fiber reinforced plastic at least a portion of the tension belt forming tension member, so that the pressure member at least a portion of the pressure belt and the tension member at least a portion of Zuggurtes forms.

In one embodiment of the method, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the pressure member is attached directly to the tensile member.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments of the method, the fastening of the pressure member to the tensile member is performed on a construction site upon which the construction or part of the construction is made. Thus, components of the bending beam can be transported to the site and assembled there to form the bending beam. Especially for large (long) and heavy bending beams this facilitates the material transport to the construction site considerably. In addition, any adjustments to existing on the site (and possibly slightly different from previous planning) dimensions can be made in a simple manner.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the parts of wood-based material are prefabricated components and the parts of fiber-reinforced plastic are also prefabricated components.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, attaching the pressure member to the tensile member includes at least partially creating at least one bore extending through the pressure member and the tensile member. Thus, it can be provided that the pressure part and / or the tension member is not or only partially predrilled. It can be achieved a greater accuracy of fit. Due to the choice of materials (wood-based material, fiber-reinforced plastic), techniques and tools known from woodworking can be used. In particular, the said holes can be performed on site. The same applies to a fastening of any rib elements or stiffening elements.

It should be noted that most of the embodiments described above each with one or several of the other described embodiments can be combined.

The invention further includes methods having features corresponding to the features of described devices and vice versa.

To the second aspect of the invention:

In a second aspect of the invention, new composite elements are to be provided and processes for their production.

Another object of the invention is to provide composite elements that are widely used.

Another object of the invention is to provide composite elements that are completely or at least partially collapsible.

Another object of the invention is to provide composite elements which are not susceptible to corrosion.

Another object of the invention is to provide composite elements that are easy to manufacture. Another object of the invention is to provide composite elements through which doors can be formed.

Another object of the invention is to provide composite elements that can be used in furniture.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel privacy screen, in particular a screen-like. At least one of these objects solves a device or a method with the features of the independent claims to the second aspect of the invention.

The composite element has at least two plate elements, which essentially consist of a wood material, and at least one joint element of a fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein each of the plate elements is connected to at least one other of the plate elements by at least one joint element.

In one embodiment, the composite element essentially consists of the plate elements and the at least one joint element and optionally also composite elements, by means of which connections between plate elements and joint elements are secured.

In one embodiment, which can be combined with the aforementioned embodiment, the plate elements each have at least one slot extending substantially parallel to an edge of the respective plate element, into which at least one of the hinge elements is inserted.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the composite element is foldable, in particular such that the plate elements or at least a majority of the plate elements are stackable while still being interconnected by the hinge elements. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the at least one hinge element (22), in particular all hinge elements, are flexible or bendable and can thereby act as a hinge element.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the composite element is or forms part of a pleat. In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the composite element is or forms part of a door.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the composite element is a privacy screen or forms part of it.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the composite element is or forms part of a roof.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the composite element is a piece of furniture forming part of it. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, each of the plate elements has at least one substantially straight edge and are each two of the Plate elements arranged so that they are arranged with a straight edge parallel to a straight edge of another plate element, and the two said straight edges are interconnected by at least one hinge element.

In one embodiment according to the aforementioned embodiment, by means of said at least one joint element, a joint axis running substantially parallel to the two edges is defined, wherein - all the joint axes of the composite element are arranged substantially parallel to one another; or

- Is arranged at least one of the hinge axes of the composite element to at least one further hinge axis of the composite element is not substantially parallel but angled thereto.

The method for producing a composite element, in particular a folding mechanism, comprising at least two plate elements, which consist essentially of a wood material, and at least one hinge element made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, includes that at least one hinge element at an edge of a first plate member and a second plate member is fastened, so that a connection between the first and the second plate member is formed, which due to a bendability or flexibility of the at least one hinge element, a counter-pivoting or tilting of the two plate elements to one in the allows substantially parallel to the said edge hinge axis.

In one embodiment, the at least one hinge element is secured to an edge at the second plate element.

In an embodiment which can be combined with the aforementioned embodiment, each of the plate elements is connected to at least one joint element on at least one further plate element in the manner mentioned.

In an embodiment that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, at least one hinge element is inserted into at least one slot in one of the plate elements. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, connecting elements, in particular screws, nails, bolts or pins, are used for connecting hinge elements to plate elements, in particular wherein the connecting elements are substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by the respective plate element are aligned.

The invention includes methods with features that correspond to the features of described devices and vice versa. To the third aspect of the invention:

In a third aspect of the invention, novel component composites are to be created in which at least two components made of wood-based material are joined together, as well as methods for their production.

Another object of the invention is to provide component composites that are corrosion resistant.

Another object of the invention is to provide component composites that can be created in a simple manner. Another object of the invention is to provide component composites that can be created in a short time, without a long lead.

Another object of the invention is to provide component composites that have a particularly good fit.

Another object of the invention is to provide component composites that allow good thermal insulation or form only very weak thermal bridges.

Another object of the invention is to provide methods for creating component interconnections that are relatively easy to perform and in particular still lead to high-quality and stable results.

At least one of these objects is achieved by a device or a method having the features of the independent patent claims relating to the third aspect of the invention.

The method for creating a composite component, the at least one first component of a wood material and comprises a second component made of a wood material, comprises the following steps: a) at least one connecting plate of a fiber-reinforced plastic is provided; b) the at least one connecting plate is adapted in its shape to the component to be created composite; and c) the at least one connecting plate is connected in a first region to the first component and in a second region to the second component by at least one connecting element.

This method may - apart from the fasteners - completely dispense with the use of metal parts. A woodworker or person with no knowledge of metalworking can perform the process, especially without the assistance of a person skilled in metalworking.

In one embodiment, first step a), then step b) and then step c) is performed. It is also the order a), c), b) possible.

In an embodiment that can be combined with the aforementioned embodiments, step c) is performed individually for the component assembly to be created.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, step b) is performed by sawing or milling. In one embodiment, which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, step b) is carried out by means of a woodworking machine, in particular a saw or a milling cutter, which is optionally provided with a suitable tool for processing the fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular with a corresponding saw blade or a corresponding milling head.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the connecting elements are pin-shaped (eg bolts, screws, nails) of a transverse dimension (perpendicular to the pin axis, corresponding to the diameter eg of round nails or pins) of minimal 0.5 mm to a maximum of 16 mm, in particular from a minimum of 2 mm to a maximum of 8 mm.

In one embodiment, which can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, in step c) at least two, in particular at least four connecting elements are used per component.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, steps b) and c) are carried out in a woodworking workshop or on a construction site on which the component assembly is to be installed or said components are present.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, steps b) and c) will be accomplished by at least one of Woodworking performed, especially without the intervention of a metal worker.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the at least one connection plate prior to step b) is not yet adapted to the individual component assembly and / or has a standard size and shape.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, at least two connection plates are used in steps a), b) and c).

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, prior to step c), one of the connection plates having the first region is disposed outside on the first component and then connected to the first component in step c) in this position.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, prior to step c), one of the connecting plates is inserted with the second region in a slot of the second component and then connected in step c) in this position with the second component.

In an embodiment that may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, at least one of the components is rod-like or beam-like. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, at least one of the components is plate-like or planar, optionally with at least one substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by the component part element, which is also made of a wood material and which is connected to at least one other of the components in step c).

In an embodiment that can be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, before step c):

- If after the creation of the composite component at least one of the connecting plates is to be arranged on an outer side of the component composite, pre-drilled on the outside to be arranged connecting plate; and or

- If after the creation of the composite component at least one of the components is to be arranged on an outer side of the component composite, pre-drilled on the outside to be arranged component.

The composite component comprises a first component of a wood material and a second component of a wood material, wherein the first and the second component are interconnected by at least one connecting plate made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, which in a first region by means of at least one connecting element with the first component and in one second area is connected by means of at least one further connecting element with the second component.

In one embodiment, the first and second components are disposed adjacent one another, and the connection plate overlaps with the components.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the connecting elements are pins and / or bolts and / or screws and / or nails. In one embodiment, which may be combined with one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the connection plate is disposed with respect to each of the components with an area either on the component or in a slot of the component. The invention includes methods with features that the

Corresponding features of devices described and vice versa.

Further embodiments and advantages of the various aspects of the invention will become apparent from the respective dependent claims and the figures.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following the subject invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings. They show schematically:

1 shows a sketch of a bending support from the prior art for illustrating the terms used;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a bending beam; Fig. 33 is a view of the bending beam of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a section through the bending beam of FIGS. 2 and 3;

Fig. 5 is a section through a bending beam;

Fig. Figure 6 is a view of a bending beam with stiffening element;

Fig. FIG. 7 shows a section through the bending carrier from FIG. 6; FIG.

Fig. Figure 8 is a view of a bending beam with rib elements and stiffening element;

Fig. 9 is a view of a bending beam with various rib elements;

Fig. 10 shows a section through a bending support with a curved surface element;

Fig. 11 is a plan view of the bending beam of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a section through a bending beam with rib elements and stiffening elements;

Fig. 13 is a view of the bending beam of Fig. 12; 14 shows a section through a bending beam with flat rib elements and stiffening elements;

Fig. 15 is a view of the bending beam of Fig. 14;

16 shows a section through a bending beam with flat rib elements and stiffening elements;

Fig. 17 is a view of the bending beam of Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a section through a bending beam with

Rib elements, stiffening elements and a plurality of plate-like surface elements; Fig. 19 is a view of the bending beam of Fig. 18;

Figure 20 is a section through an angled bending beam with rib elements and stiffening element.

FIG. 21 is a view of the bending beam of FIG. 20; FIG.

FIG. 22 shows a composite element in the folded state; FIG. FIG. 23 shows the composite element from FIG. 22 in the unfolded state; FIG.

Fig. 24, the composite element of Figs. 22, 23 in the unfolded state;

Fig. 25 is a detail of a section through the composite element of Fig. 24;

FIG. 26 shows a composite element; FIG.

FIG. 27 shows a vertical section of a truss node with connection plates; FIG.

FIG. 28 shows a horizontal section through the lower flange of FIG. 27; FIG. Fig. 29 is a vertical section of a beam connection with connecting plates;

FIG. 30 shows a horizontal section through the beam connection from FIG. 29; FIG. Fig. 31 is a view of a bending beam with arcuate pressure belt;

FIG. 32 shows a view of a bending support with a double beveled pressure belt; FIG.

33 is a view of a bending beam with asymmetric pressure belt and openings in

Surface element;

FIG. 34 shows a side view of a component composite with two-way partially transparent connecting plates; FIG. 35 shows a front view of the component composite from FIG. 34.

The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. For the understanding of the invention non-essential parts are not shown in part. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject invention and have no limiting effect. Ways to carry out the invention

Bending medium (first aspect of the invention):

Fig. 1 shows a sketch of a bending support 1 of the prior art to illustrate the terms used. The bending beam has two support ends 11, where it rests on two supports 13, which are not considered part of the bending beam 1. Along the x-axis (compare the coordinate system shown in the right part of Fig. 1), the length L of the bending beam 1 is determined along the z-axis height H and along the y-axis its thickness (abbreviated to D, in Fig. 1 not visible).

From above, ie vertically downwards, the bending beam 1 is loaded, which is illustrated by the open arrows. This results in a slight deflection of the bending beam, illustrated in Fig. 1 by dash-dot lines. The material in the upper area, the pressure area 2, is compressed; the material in the lower area, the tensile area 3, pulled apart. Since the material of the simple beam- or board-like bending beam 1 in FIG. 1 is continuous in the printing area 3 (has no significant gaps / gaps), the bending beam forms a pressure belt 4 in the printing area. Since the material in the tension area 4 is continuous (no Significant gaps / gaps has), the bending beam forms a tension belt 5 in the train area. The material between pressure belt 4 and tension belt 5 absorbs the thrust forces occurring there. As an illustration In each view, most of the following drawings show two axes of the coordinate system.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a bending beam 1 according to the invention. Fig. 3 shows a view of the bending beam 1 of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 shows a section through the

Bending support 1 of Figs. 2 and 3, at the position indicated by the two arrows in FIG. Such arrow pairs also indicate the location of the cut for further sectional drawings. The bending beam 1 consists essentially of three parts: a plate-like surface element 9 made of fiber-reinforced plastic and two rod-like or lath-like in the pressure range arranged pressure parts 6 made of wood material. (What is meant by "wood material" has already been stated above.) The surface element 9 extends from the printing area into the tension area and forms a tension belt 5 at its lower edge. The lower area of the area element 9 forms a tension part 7. The area between the pressure area and Zugbereich arranged region or part of the surface element 9 takes the occurring there

Shear forces on. Fiber-reinforced plastic is very well suited for this.

Surface element 9 and pressure parts 6 are attached to each other, for example glued and / or clamped and / or held together by means of fasteners such as screws, nails, rivets, bolts, dowels or the like. The same applies to the further discussed bending beam. The shape shown in Fig. 3 of the surface element 9 is adapted to the forces occurring. It is also possible to provide a different shape, for example rectangular. The same applies to the further discussed bending beam.

Fig. 5 shows a section through a bending beam, which shows an alternative to Fig. 4. In this case, the bending beam has only one pressure part 6, which has a slot for receiving the surface element 9. Also in the case of the further discussed bending beams are single or multiple slotted pressure elements 6 (or

Stiffening elements 12 or rib elements 10 discussed below) an alternative to compression elements 6 (or stiffening elements 12 or fin elements 10 discussed below), one on one side and another on the other side of the surface element 9 is attached. Of course, it is also possible to attach only a single pressure element 6 to a surface element 9 and this only on one side of the surface element.

Fig. 6 shows a view of a bending beam 1 with stiffening element 12, more precisely with two such. Fig. 7 shows a section through the bending beam 1 of Fig. 6. The stiffening elements 12 are mainly used to stiffen the bending beam 1, more precisely: the surface element 9, in the tension area. The stiffening elements 12 also form tension parts 7 and part of the tension belt 5. The stiffening elements 12 (in this and other Embodiments) are made of wood material, but may also be made of fiber-reinforced plastic.

In Fig. 6 and holes 14 are shown, in which wood material parts 6,7 and the surface element 9 are fastened from fiber-reinforced plastic together, for example by means of fasteners such as screws, etc.

Fig. 8 shows a view of a bending beam 1 with rib elements 10 and stiffening element 12. The stiffening elements 12 in Fig. 8 do not extend from one support end of the bending beam 1 to the other, but are arranged substantially in the middle therebetween, because there occur the greatest forces.

At the support ends bending beam 1 has two rib elements 10, the (in this and other

Embodiments) of wood material, but also of fiber-reinforced plastic can exist. By such rib elements 10 bearing forces that occur at the support ends can be well received. Supports 13 are shown in dashed lines in Fig. 8 thick.

Fig. 9 shows in the same way as Fig. 8 is a view of a bending beam 1, but this has various rib elements 10. The rib members 10 at the support ends of the bending beam 1 correspond in execution and effect to those of FIG. 8. The rod-like

Rib elements 10 closer to the center of the bending beam 1 not only stabilize the surface element 9, but also support the introduction of force into the surface element 9 and also absorb vertical compressive forces themselves. These as well as other rib members in other embodiments may also be mounted on only one side of the sheet member 9 without a counterpart on the other side. The dashed line running parallel to the z-axis (that is to say vertically) approximately in the middle between the two support ends of the bending support 1 indicates that it is also possible to provide a surface element 9 composed of several parts, in particular with respect to the latter x-axis) are arranged substantially side by side. In such a case, these parts, which are generally made of fiber reinforced plastic, but must be well secured together. This can be done for example by gluing or welding, or by the parts are fastened by fasteners such as the above-mentioned rib members 10 or stiffening elements 12 to each other.

Fig. 10 shows a section through a bending beam 1 with curved surface element 9 made of fiber-reinforced plastic. Fig. 11 shows a plan view of the bending beam 1 from

Fig. 10. The bending beam has a pressure belt, which is mainly formed by three board or lath-like pressure parts 6 made of wood material. The surface element 9 has two edges 9a, in the region of which it is attached to the pressure parts 6, whereby it is also part of the pressure belt. Between the edges 9a surface element 9 has a central region 9b, which forms a tension belt. The visible from the bending beam 1 in a view of the xz plane profile can, for example, the of Fig. 3 correspond or - similar to Figs. 6, 8, 9 - be substantially rectangular.

Characterized in that the surface element 9 is bent in the manner shown and held at two ends, a cavity 15 is formed by surface element 9 (and the middle of the pressure parts 6). This can be left empty or used to lay cables, be it electrical cables (for power or data or other), water pipes or others. Fig. 12 (sectional view) and Fig. 13 show a

Bending beam 1 with rib elements 10 and stiffening elements 12. The type and mode of operation of the rib elements 10 and stiffening elements 12 corresponds to what has already been stated above (see Figures 6 to 9). The distance between adjacently arranged vertically extending rib elements 10 is not constant, as in FIG. 9, but becomes smaller in the direction of the support ends, which better takes into account the occurring forces. The surface element 9 may be formed in one piece; but it is also possible, for example, to provide a plurality of rectangular plates made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which are held together by vertically extending rib elements 10 and - in part - by the stiffening elements 12. Fig. 14 (sectional view) and Fig. 15 show a

Bending beam 1 with flat rib elements 10 and with stiffening elements 12. The rib elements 10 are formed as rectangular plates of wood-based material or fiber-reinforced plastic. Fig. 16 (sectional view) and Fig. 17 show a bending beam 1 with flat rib elements 10 and with stiffening elements 12. The rib elements 10 are formed as plates made of wood material or fiber reinforced plastic, which are tapered downwards (ie from the pressure area in the direction of tensile area).

Fig. 18 (sectional view) and Fig. 19 show a bending beam 1 with rib elements 10 and stiffening elements 12 and plate-like surface elements 9. Although the achievable by means of the strip-like surface elements 9 resilience and stability of the bending beam is not as large as in the above embodiments, but for the bending beam is not closed laterally (in the xz plane), but has openings. The strip-like surface elements 9 of the embodiment of Figs. 18 and 19 mainly absorb traction.

FIG. 20 (sectional view) and FIG. 21 show an angled bending beam 1 with rib elements 10 and a stiffening element 12. While the bending beams discussed above have one along the longitudinal axis

Have (x-axis) straight extending pressure range and find use, for example, for ceilings and floors, the angled bending beam 1, for example, well suited for roofs. The surface element 9 may be formed integrally (see Fig. 21) or be composed of two or more parts. This may for example be the case at the sectional area indicated by the two arrows, in which case the stiffening element 12 has the effect of holding the two parts together. The surface element 9 tapers in the direction of the support ends 11, not only in the z-direction (which would also be the case in the case of a straight, parallel to the x-axis tension belt formed by the surface element 9), but also with respect to its extension in the xz Plane perpendicular to the respective printing part 6.

Fig. 31 shows a view of a bending beam 1 with arcuate pressure belt 6. Parts of wood material are represented by thick black lines. As in the other embodiments, the surface element 9 is made of fiber-reinforced plastic. The rib members 10 are optional.

FIG. 32 shows a view of a bending beam 1 with a double bevelled pressure belt 6. Rib elements 10 as in FIG. 31 can be provided.

33 shows a view of a bending support 1 with asymmetrical pressure belt and openings 16 in the surface element 9. The openings 16 can, as shown in FIG. 33, be relatively large, eg in the z-direction up to approximately half the height of the bending support 1, in FIG x direction even bigger. Also, a variety of shapes for the openings 16 are conceivable. Nevertheless, even such, provided with openings 16 surface element 9 course form a continuous tension belt 5, but also ensure a sufficient power flow between the pressure belt 4 and tension belt 5. Of course, such openings may also be provided in the other described embodiments. Of course, also based on the other described embodiments bending beams are formed with asymmetric pressure belt.

Of course, the various features of the described bending beams can also be combined in other ways than indicated above; This concerns in particular the shape of the parts made of wood material or fiber-reinforced plastic and the possibilities of fastening the parts together.

The length L of the intended bending beam is usually at least three times, typically at least five times as large as the height H. The length L of the intended bending beam is usually between 1 m and 50 m, typically between 5 m and 20 m. The height H of the intended bending beam is usually between 0.1 m and 4 m, typically between 0.4 m and 2 m.

The height H of the contemplated bending beam is usually at least twice as large as the thickness D. The thickness D is generally given by the components of wood-based material and is usually between 5 cm and 2 m, typically between 20 cm and 80 cm. The thickness of fiber-reinforced plastic surface elements is usually between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, typically between 2 mm and 5 mm. If rib elements or reinforcing elements made of fiber-reinforced plastic are used, their thicknesses are generally within the same limits.

The presented bending beams can also be referred to as composite beams or hybrid beams, since they consist essentially of two different materials. Due to the choice of material (wood-based material and fiber-reinforced plastic), the presented bending beams can be easily assembled on a construction site. The individual parts (components) made of wood-based material or fiber-reinforced plastic are smaller and easier to transport than finished bending beams. For assembly, well-known techniques and tools from the timber industry, where it is recommended to use diamond-tipped cutting or drilling heads. If the wood-based components are fastened to the components of fiber-reinforced plastic by means of fasteners such as pins, pins, bolts, screws, nails, clamps, dowels, all or some of the required holes (see Fig. 6) can be drilled on site , whereby an improved fit accuracy can be achieved.

In the following, further construction elements are briefly presented, which consist essentially of wood-based material and fiber-reinforced plastic. Regarding the

Processability (location, techniques, tools) they have the same advantages as the bending beams described above.

Composite Elements (Second Invention Aspect): FIG. 22 shows a composite element 20 in the folded state. Figs. Figures 23 and 24 show the composite element 20 of Figure 22 in an unfolded state; the viewing angle in FIG. 24 is different from that of FIG. 23 by about 90 °. FIG. 25 shows a detail of a section through the composite element 20 from FIG. 24. FIG.

The composite element 20 consists essentially of a plurality of plate elements 21, which are connected in pairs by hinge elements 22 with each other. The plate elements 21 are made of wood material, the hinge elements 22 made of fiber-reinforced plastic. The same applies to the materials as stated for the bending beams described above; in the case of wood-based material, in particular veneer layer boards are also suitable. The same applies to the attachment of the wood-based parts to the parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic as in the bending beams described above. Due to the elastic deformability of, for example, strip-like joint elements 22 of fiber-reinforced plastic, the shape and, in particular, the expansion or the space requirement of the composite element 20 can be varied. The

Construction element 20 may be deformed and erected or otherwise used in the manner of a concertina or a screen, for example.

The described composite elements 20 can be used, for example, in furniture construction and / or for the formation of doors and / or as a screen, in particular where a variable length expansion is required. Also, supporting structures based on such composite elements 20 are conceivable, for example, roofs or domes, in particular foldable roofs or ball Teiloberblächen-like domes. Because such composite elements 20 may be foldable, they are easy to transport (see Fig. 22). FIG. 26 shows that a composite element 20 of the type described with at least three plate elements 20 and at least three hinge elements 22 can also serve to form closed molds. Instead of providing, as shown in FIG. 24, exactly one single joint element 22 per plate element pair, it is also possible to provide a plurality of, for example, spaced-apart strips of fiber-reinforced plastic. A hinge element 22 typically has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm. A plate element 21 typically has a thickness between 10 mm and 80 mm.

Component composites (third aspect of the invention):

Also in the formation of tension or compression beams and in the formation of trusses and in particular truss nodes, as well as in other cases where two components of wood-based material are to be fastened together, can advantageously the materials already described

Wood material and fiber-reinforced plastic are combined. Applications are mainly found in building construction and civil engineering. Typically, in such cases, a metal is usually combined with wood-based material. Here is to be presented to use a part of fiber-reinforced plastic or more parts of fiber-reinforced plastic in conjunction with one or more parts of wood-based material. The part of fiber-reinforced plastic may be formed flat and engage in a slot of the wood material part. Advantageously, several parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic are used per connection to be formed between two or more pieces of wood-based material

(multi-section connection). Preferably, the thickness of the wood-based material parts between the parts of fiber-reinforced plastic is greater than the thickness of the parts of fiber-reinforced plastic. The same applies to the materials as stated for the bending beams described above. The same applies to the attachment of the wood-based parts to the parts of fiber-reinforced plastic as it is specified for the bending beam described above. In particular, mechanical fastening means such as dowel pins, screws or nails are used.

The parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic can be referred to in most cases as connecting plates. Fig. 27 is a sectional view of a

Truss node 30. Four truss beams of wood material, of which the designated 32 denotes a lower flange are held by a plurality of plate-like connecting plates 31 (gusset plates) to each other. Several holes 34 serve to receive dowel bolts. Fig. 28 shows the

Lower chord 32 in a horizontal section. That's it too

Slots 33 to recognize, in which the

Connecting plates 31 are received in the truss beams. Fig. 29 shows a vertical section of a beam connection with connecting plates 34. Two beams 35 are interconnected by means of a plurality of connecting plates 38 (extension plates). Several holes 34 serve to receive dowel bolts. Fig. 30 shows a

Horizontal section through the beam connection from FIG. 29. Slots 33 can also be seen therein, in which the connecting plates 31 are received in the beam 35.

The thickness of the parts 31 and 38 made of fiber-reinforced plastic, for example, between 1 mm and 10 mm or between 2 mm and 12 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 8 mm. The thickness of the beams is for example between 10 cm and 1 m or between 4 cm and 30 cm; typically between 6 cm and 20 cm. It is also possible, see Figs. 34 and 35, on the outside of two or more components 62,64 of a wood material one or more connecting plates 39,39 'made of fiber reinforced plastic on one or more sides, in particular two sides apply one each and this to form a composite component 60 with the components 62,64 to connect, by fasteners 65, such as screws or bolts. In the example of Figs. 62, 64, the two components 62, 64 are planar; Component 62 forms a wall element 62, and component 64 forms a roof element 64. The shape of the Verbingsplatten is generally adapted to the component composite to be created. Typical or commonly used shapes are: rectangular (such as in Figs. 29, 30), T-shaped (such as in Figs. 34, 35), L-shaped, V-shaped, Y-shaped, multi-jet (such as in Figs 27,28).

The methods for the production of component composite have already been described above in the present patent application in a relatively general form. Since they can be easily transferred to the example component assemblies described here, it is not necessary to go into detail here. As "blanks" made of fiber-reinforced plastic, for example (as a standard starting material) rectangular plates of the corresponding

Thickness can be used; these may have minimum edge lengths of typically at least 10 cm and maximum edge lengths of typically up to about 3 m; Coiled long panels of fiber reinforced plastic of the appropriate thickness and width (e.g., between 10 cm and 1 m) may also be used. From such material in standard format, the required connection plates of the individually required shape and size can then be formed on site. The component groups have the following, among others

Advantages: They are essentially workable like wood and wood-based materials; they are essentially corrosion-free; it is relatively easy to achieve a high accuracy of fit; they form negligible thermal bridges. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 bending beam 2 pressure range

3 train area

4 pressure belt

5 tension belt

6 pressure part 7 tension part

9 surface element 9a edge

9b middle range

10 Rib element 11 Support end

12 stiffening element

13 support

14 hole

15 cavity 16 opening

20 composite element

21 joint element

22 plate element 30 truss nodes

31 connecting plate, gusset plate

32 component, lower flange

33 slot 34 hole

35,35 'component, bar, beams

38 connection plate, extension plate

39 Connecting plate 40 Composite component 41 Component, carrier, bar

42 Component, support, beams

43 component, support, beam 50 composite component

60 component composite 62 component, wall element

64 component, ceiling element

65 Connecting element, screw, bolt D Thickness

H height (extension along the z-axis) L length (extension along the longitudinal axis) x axis, longitudinal axis y axis z axis

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS (Third Invention Aspect :)

A method for producing a composite component (40; 50; 60) comprising at least a first component (32; 35; 62) of a wood material and a second component (41; 42; 43; 35 '; 64) of a wood material, wherein a) at least one connecting plate (31; 38; 39) made of a fiber-reinforced plastic is provided; b) the at least one connecting plate (31; 38; 39) is adapted in its shape to the component assembly (40; 50; 60) to be produced; and c) the at least one connecting plate (31; 38; 39) in a first region with the first component (32; 35; 62) and in a second region with the second component (41; 42; 43; 35 '; 64). by at least one connecting element (65) is connected.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein first step a), then step b) and then step c) is performed.

3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein step c) is performed individually for the component composite to be created.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein step b) is carried out by sawing or milling.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein step b) is carried out by means of a woodworking machine, in particular a saw or a milling cutter, which is optionally provided with a suitable tool for processing the fiber-reinforced plastic tool, in particular with a corresponding saw blade or a corresponding milling head.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in step c) at least two, in particular at least four connecting elements are used per component.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steps b) and c) are carried out in a woodworking workshop or on a construction site on which to assemble the composite component or said components are present.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steps b) and c) by at least one

Woodworking be performed, in particular without the intervention of a metal worker.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one connecting plate before step b) is not yet adapted to the individual component composite and / or has a standard size and shape.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in steps a), b) and c) at least two connecting plates are used.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein prior to step c) one of the connecting plates with the first area outside on the first component is arranged and then in step c) is connected in this position with the first component.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein prior to step c) one of the connecting plates with the second region is introduced into a slot of the second component and then in step c) is connected in this position with the second component.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the components is rod-like or bar-like.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the components is plate-like or planar, optionally with at least one substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by the component arranged sub-element, which is also made of a wood material and with at least one other of the components in step c).

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein before step c):

- If after the creation of the composite component at least one of the connecting plates is to be arranged on an outer side of the component composite, which is pre-drilled on the outer side connecting plate is pre-drilled; and or

- If after the creation of the composite component at least one of the components to be arranged on an outer side of the component composite, which is pre-drilled on the outside to be arranged component.

16. A composite component comprising a first component (32, 35, 62) of a wood-based material and a second component

(41; 42; 43; 35 '; 64) of a wood material, wherein the first and the second component by at least one

Connecting plate (31; 38; 39) are interconnected of a fiber-reinforced plastic, which in a first region by means of at least one Connecting element (65) is connected to the first component and in a second region by means of at least one further connecting element with the second component.

17. A composite component according to claim 16, wherein the first and the second component are arranged adjacent to each other and overlaps the connecting plate with the components.

18. A composite component according to claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the connecting elements are pins and / or bolts and / or screws and / or nails.

19. A composite component according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the connecting plate is arranged with respect to each of the components with an area either on the component or in a slot of the component.

(To the first invention aspect :)

20 bending beam (1), comprising a pressure region (2) and a pressure in the area (2) extending pressure belt (4) and a traction region (3) and in the tension area (3) extending tension belt (5), characterized in that the pressure belt (4) is formed at least in part by wood material and the tension belt (5) is formed at least in part by fiber-reinforced plastic.

21. bending beam (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that the pressure belt (4) has a continuous pressure part (6), which consists essentially of wood material.

22. bending beam (1) according to claim 20 or claim 21, characterized in that the tension belt (5) has a continuous tensile part (7), which consists essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic.

23. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that it comprises a pressure range from (2) to at least the tension region (3) extending intermediate region which is formed substantially by fiber-reinforced plastic.

24. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that it has a from the pressure area (2) to at least the tension area (3) extending intermediate region which is substantially free of wood material.

25. bending beam (1) according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that apart from any provided fasteners for Aneinanderbefestigen its main components, consists essentially exclusively of wood material and fiber-reinforced plastic.

26. bending beam (1) according to any one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced plastic has an E-modulus of at least 5000 N / mm ² , in particular of at least 6000 N / mm ² .

27, bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 26, characterized in that the tension belt (5) is formed substantially by fiber-reinforced plastic.

28. bending beam (1) according to any one of claims 20 to 27, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced plastic has a tensile strength of at least 90 N / mm ² , in particular of at least 120 N / mm ² .

29. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 28, characterized in that it is composed of prefabricated parts which are interconnected, possibly by connecting elements, and either made of wood-based material or fiber-reinforced plastic.

30. bending beam (1) according to any one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that it comprises at least one substantially plate-like surface element (9), which consists essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic and extending from the pressure area (2) to the tension area (3).

31. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 30, characterized in that it comprises at least one substantially plate-like surface element (9), which consists essentially of fiber-reinforced plastic and the pressure region (2) in the direction of the tensile region (3) or extends into the tensile region (3), as well as in the pressure region (2) at least two substantially

Wood material existing pressure parts (6), wherein the surface element (9) in the pressure region (2) between the two pressure parts (6) is fixed.

32. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the pressure region (2) in the direction of the tension region (3) or into the tension region (3) extending into rib member (10).

33. bending beam (1) according to claim 32, characterized in that the rib element (10) consists essentially of wood material and is formed substantially rod-like.

34. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 33, characterized in that it comprises two support ends (11) and that it at each of the two support ends (11) has at least one extending from the pressure area (2) into the tension area (3) rib member (10).

35. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 34, characterized in that it comprises in the tension region (3) at least one substantially along the tension belt (5) extending stiffening element (12).

36. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 35, characterized in that it consists of a substantially fiber-reinforced plastic surface element (9) with two edges (9a) and between the edges (9a) arranged central region (9b) wherein the surface element (9) is fastened in the region of the two edges (9a) in the pressure region (2) and is bent in such a way that the central region (9b) forms at least part of the tension belt (5).

37. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 36, characterized in that the pressure region (2) extending substantially along a longitudinal axis.

38. bending beam (1) according to one of claims 20 to 37, characterized in that the pressure region (2) is angled extending.

39. Method for constructing a building or a part of a building, wherein a bending beam (1) with a pressure area (2) and a pressure belt (4) extending in the pressure area (2) and with a tension area (3) and in the tension area (3 ) running tension belt (5) is produced, characterized in that a substantially consisting of wood material pressure member (6) directly or indirectly on a substantially fiber-reinforced plastic existing at least a portion of the tension belt (5) forming tension member (7) is attached so that the pressure part (6) forms at least part of the pressure belt (4) and the tension part (7) forms at least part of the tension belt (5).

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that the fastening of the pressure part (6) on the tensile part (7) is carried out on a construction site on which the construction or the part of the building is created.

41. The method according to claim 39 or claim 40, characterized in that the parts of wood material are prefabricated components, and that the parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic are prefabricated components.

42. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that the fastening of the pressure part (6) on the tensile part (7) an at least partially Create at least one through the pressure member (6) and the tension member (7) extending bore includes.

(Second aspect of the invention)

43. A composite element (20), comprising at least two plate elements (21), which consist essentially of a wood material, and at least one hinge element (22) made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein each of the plate elements (21) with at least one other of the plate elements (21 ) is connected by at least one joint element (22).

44. Composite element (20) according to claim 43, which consists essentially of the plate elements (21) and the at least one hinge element (22) and optionally also composite elements, by which connections between plate elements (21) and hinge elements (22) are secured.

45. Composite element (20) according to claim 43 or claim 44, wherein the plate elements (21) each have at least one slot extending substantially parallel to an edge of the respective plate element, in which at least one of the hinge elements (22) is introduced.

46. Composite element (20) according to one of claims 43 to 45, which has a plurality of plate elements (21).

47. Composite element (20) according to one of claims 43 to 46, which is foldable, in particular foldable such that the plate elements (21) or at least a plurality of the plate elements are stackable while still connected by the hinge elements (22) are.

48. Composite element (20) according to one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the at least one joint element (22), in particular all joint elements (22) are flexible or bendable and can thereby act as a joint element.

49. A composite element (20) according to any one of claims 43 to 48, wherein each of the plate elements (21) has at least one substantially straight edge and each two of the plate elements (21) are arranged so that they are straight with a straight edge Edge of another plate element are arranged, and wherein the two said straight edges by at least one hinge element (22) are interconnected.

50. Composite element (20) according to claim 49, wherein a substantially parallel to the two said edges extending hinge axis is defined by said at least one hinge element (22), wherein - All hinge axes of the composite element (20) are arranged substantially parallel to each other; or - at least one of the joint axes of the composite element (20) is arranged at least one further hinge axis of the composite element is not substantially parallel but angled thereto.

51. The composite element (20) according to one of claims 43 to 50, which is a folding mechanism, a door, a privacy screen, a roof or a piece of furniture or forms part of it.

52. A method for producing a composite element (20), in particular a folding mechanism, comprising at least two plate elements (21) consisting essentially of a wood material, and at least one hinge element (22) made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein at least one hinge element (22) on one edge of a first plate element and on a second one

Plate member is attached so that a connection between the first and the second plate member is formed, which due to flexibility or flexibility of the at least one hinge element (22) against each other pivoting or tilting of the two plate elements about a substantially parallel to said edge Joint axis allows.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the at least one hinge element is secured to the edge of the second plate member.

54. The method according to claim 52 or claim 53, wherein each of the plate elements is connected to at least one hinge element on at least one further plate element in the manner mentioned.

55. The method according to any one of claims 52 to 54, wherein at least one hinge element is introduced into at least one slot in one of the plate elements.

56. The method according to any one of claims 52 to 55, wherein connecting elements are used for connecting joint elements to plate elements, in particular screws, nails, bolts or pins, in particular wherein the connecting elements are aligned substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by the respective plate member level.