WO2010065090A2 - Antimicrobiens - Google Patents

Antimicrobiens Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010065090A2
WO2010065090A2 PCT/US2009/006318 US2009006318W WO2010065090A2 WO 2010065090 A2 WO2010065090 A2 WO 2010065090A2 US 2009006318 W US2009006318 W US 2009006318W WO 2010065090 A2 WO2010065090 A2 WO 2010065090A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
silver
antimicrobial
antimicrobial agent
source
metal ions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/006318
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010065090A3 (fr
Inventor
Joseph A. King
John Hill
Original Assignee
King Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by King Technology, Inc. filed Critical King Technology, Inc.
Publication of WO2010065090A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010065090A2/fr
Publication of WO2010065090A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010065090A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to antimicrobials and, more specifically to antimicrobial agents objects and methods using a source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring.
  • the invention described herein provides antimicrobial agents that can reduce or eliminate harmful bacteria and other harmful microorganisms through releasing higher levels of antimicrobial metal ions from known antimicrobial agents.
  • the invention described herein provides an antimicrobial agent that can be incorporated into body affecting products to reduce or eliminate harmful bacteria and other harmful microorganisms on the products through releasing higher levels of antimicrobial metal ions from known antimicrobial agents.
  • the invention includes an antimicrobial agent comprised of a source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring, which may lack antimicrobial properties.
  • the combination of the source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring providing greater antimicrobial properties than if the source of biocidal metal ions were used alone.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied in liquid form to a surface to eliminate or prevent growth of harmful microorganisms or by incorporating the antimicrobial agent in a dry state into or onto a surface and then activating the antimicrobial agent by introduction of a liquid to the antimicrobial agent.
  • the invention includes a method for enhancing the health and safety of structure surfaces through the use of structure surfaces containing an antimicrobial agent having a biocidal metal therein and a compound containing a hydantoin ring whereby the antimicrobial agent can kill or prevent growth of harmful microorganisms on the structure surface even in situations where the concentration of the biocidal metal in the antimicrobial agent may, when used alone, be insufficient to maintain a concentration of biocidal metal ions on the structure surfaces which is sufficient to kill bacteria and other microorganisms thereon.
  • the antimicrobial agent in a dry or inactive can be incorporated into or placed on the structure surface and in another mode the antimicrobial agent can be applied to the structure surface with a carrier that is allowed to evaporate to leave the antimicrobial agent in an inactive state where the antimicrobial agent can be activated by the presence of a liquid.
  • a carrier that is allowed to evaporate to leave the antimicrobial agent in an inactive state where the antimicrobial agent can be activated by the presence of a liquid.
  • an interior or exterior building structure surfaces such as found on wallboard, fiberboard, wood laminate, roof tiles, insulation, conduits including air ducts and electrical conduits, water pipes, bathroom fixtures, bathroom surfaces, glass and doorknobs contain the antimicrobial agent.
  • structure surfaces of cleaning products such as brooms, buckets, may be impregnated or coated with the antimicrobial agent to provide protection to the building occupants and the users.
  • products used in buildings namely structure surfaces found on containers such as pots, pans, bottles and the like can be impregnated or coated with the antimicrobial agent to provide protection to the users.
  • the structure surfaces may include liquid covering materials such as paints, varnishes or the like which contain an antimicrobial agent wherein the liquid covering material with the antimicrobial agent can be applied directly to structure surfaces such as buildings surfaces either after or before the building is erected.
  • liquid covering materials such as paints, varnishes or the like which contain an antimicrobial agent wherein the liquid covering material with the antimicrobial agent can be applied directly to structure surfaces such as buildings surfaces either after or before the building is erected.
  • the antimicrobial method includes applying the antimicrobial agent containing a metal ion donor and a compound contain a hydantoin ring in a liquid carrier can be applied to a structure surface with the liquid allowed to evaporate and leave the metal ion donor and the compound containing a hydantoin ring on the structure surface.
  • the invention may include an antimicrobial method where one forms a structure surface, applies an antimicrobial agent containing a source of metallic ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring to the structure surface during the manufacturing process to thereby lessen or eliminate growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms on the structure surface.
  • the invention includes antimicrobial body affecting products that either directly or indirectly contact the user.
  • the antimicrobial body affecting products eliminate or prevent growth of harmful microorganisms proximate the user including preventing bacteria and other harmful microorganisms from indirectly being transferred to a user through airflow.
  • the invention includes methods for enhancing the health and safety of body products through a liquid activateable antimicrobial agent containing a source of biocidal metal ions which includes a compound containing a hydantoin ring wherein the liquid activated antimicrobial agent can kill or prevent growth of harmful microorganisms through increasing the availability of biocidal metal ions.
  • the invention includes a method of killing microorganisms in wastewater with biocidal metal ions by elevating the concentration of available biocidal metal ions in the wastewater addition by including of an additive to the wastewater, which may or may not have any antimicrobial properties.
  • the invention includes a dispenser with an antimicrobial agent comprising a compound containing a hydantoin ring and a biocidal metal ion source
  • the invention includes method of killing microbes in wastewater by adding a source of biocidal metal ions to the body of wastewater together with a compound containing a hydantoin ring to enhance the biocidal metal ion concentration to a level effective to kill the microorganisms in the wastewater.
  • the compound containing a hydantoin ring may be tabletized, or be in liquid, powder or other solid form so the compound containing the hydantoin ring can be placed in a body of wastewater together with a source of biocidal metal ions to kill microorganisms the wastewater.
  • Figure 2 shows the powder antimicrobial agent of Figure 1 being dispensed through a spout of a dispenser container into a body of water;
  • Figure 3 shows an enhanced granules or pellets of an antimicrobial agent in a dry state;
  • Figure 4 shows the enhanced granules or pellets of the antimicrobial agent of Figure 3 being dispensed through an orifice located on a dispenser container into a body of water to activate the antimicrobial agent;
  • Figure 5 shows an antimicrobial agent in a dry state on a dipstick
  • Figure 6 shows the antimicrobial agent on a dipstick of Figure 5 being immersed in an open body of water
  • Figure 7 shows an antimicrobial agent in a liquid state for treating an open body of water
  • Figure 8 shows the antimicrobial agent of Figure 7 being dispensed through an orifice of a dispenser container into a body of water;
  • Figure 9 shows the concentrations of silver with and without the addition of DMH
  • Figure 10 shows an example of a one-chamber dispenser
  • Figure 1 1 shows an example of a two-chamber dispenser;
  • Figure 12 shows the structure of a hydantoin ring;
  • Figure 13 is a cutaway of a building showing typical structure surfaces and structure surfaces within a building that may benefit from the biocidal agent;
  • Figure 14 shows an operator applying the antimicrobial agent to an exterior building surface
  • Figure 15 shows an enlarged view of a portion of a building surface with the antimicrobial agent located thereon;
  • Figure 16 shows moisture in the form of a patch of water that is located on the building surface
  • Figure 17 is a close-up view showing an antimicrobial woven textile having a source of biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin dispersibly secured thereto;
  • Figure 18 shows a textile manufacturing system for forming the antimicrobial woven textile of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 19 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a shoe incorporating an antimicrobial insole
  • Figure 20 shows a close-up view of the antimicrobial insole of Figure 19;
  • Figure 21 shows an antimicrobial deodorant that includes a source of biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring for providing extended antimicrobial effects
  • Figure 22 shows antimicrobial hand wipes having a source of biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring for providing instant antimicrobial effects
  • Figure 23 shows a glove containing a source of biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring for providing hand antimicrobial effects
  • Figure 24 shows a one-piece hand shaped sheet of material containing a source of biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring for providing hand antimicrobial effects on one side and an adhesive on the other side;
  • Figure 25 shows an end view of the one-piece hand shaped sheet of Figure 8.
  • Figure 26 shows a tube of lipstick containing the antimicrobial agent
  • Figure 27 shows a partial cross-sectional side view of an antimicrobial air-conditioner filter
  • Figure 28 shows a partial cross-sectional side view of an antimicrobial fluid collection pan
  • Figure 29 discloses a system for treating wastewater
  • the invention described herein comprises an antimicrobial agent which may be applied or used in various forms with the antimicrobial agent providing more effecive killing of harmful orgainsms than normally available from only the source of biocidal metal ions in the antimicrobial agent.
  • the invention includes an antimicrobial agent for use in killing and controlling microorganisms with the microorganism killing material comprising a source of biocidal metal ions to kill microorganisms wherein the level of available biocidal metal ions is limited by the presence of a liquid; and a compound containing a hydantoin ring, wherein the compound containg a hydantoin ring may lack antimicrobial properties but the presence of the liquid with the combination of the compound containg a hydantoin ring and the source of biocidal metal ions generates higher levels of available biocidal metal ions for killing microorganisms than the source of biocidal metal ions without the compound containg the hydantoin ring.
  • the invention includes a method for antimicrobial treating to kill microorganisms in the presence of water comprising the steps of supplying a microorganism killing material comprising a source of biocidal metal ions and adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring, which may not have antimicrobial properties, to the source of biocidal metal ions to thereby increase an availability of biocidal metal ions to kill microorganisms; and then applying the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring to a source of harmful microorganisms to thereby kill the harmful microorganisms.
  • the method of antimicrobial treating may be applied to or incorporated into an object when the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring are in a dry state by applying an antimicrobial agent including a source of biocidal metal ions in a dry state to the object; applying a compound containing a hydantoin ring in a dry state to the object; and bringing a liquid into contact with the source of biocidal metal ions in a dry state and the compound containing a hydantoin ring in a dry state to thereby generate a level of biocidal metal ions in the liquid that is greater than if the liquid came into contact with only the source of biocidal metal ions
  • the invention described herein relates to affecting an open water supply to either eliminate or control the growth of microorganisms therein.
  • Controlling the growth of a microorganism as used herein is intended to encompass diminished proliferation and/or lethal results to microorganisms including but not limited to bacteria, spores, yeast, fungi, mold and other multi-cellular microorganisms.
  • a supply of open water is often time exposed to harmful microbial growth.
  • Several types of bacteria and other harmful microgansims are naturally present in water and breed exponentially through time.
  • Processes have been developed to sanitize open water supplies including the addition of chlorine, either in liquid or pellet form to the open water supply to kill the bacteria and other harmful microgansims.
  • Such a process has proven effective in controlling the growth of the bacteria and other harmful microgansims; however, there are drawbacks to such a process.
  • One main drawback is that the use of chlorine potentially corrodes and damages the container housing the water.
  • Another effective way of eliminating bacteria and other harmful microgansims, in an open water supply is to use biocidal metals that release heavy metals ions and particularly heavy metals ions such as silver ions into the supply of open water.
  • silver ions are effective in killing bacteria and other harmful microgansims the solubility of the metal ions of the various silver ion donors in water is limited and hence the effectiveness in quickly and effectively killing bacteria and other harmful microgansims is also limited.
  • due to the nature of silver ions in readily complexing with other components or compounds it is often difficult to maintain silver ions in the biocidially active form for long durations.
  • the effectiveness of the sanitizing metal ions, particularly the silver ions is enhanced through increasing the solubility of the silver ions by addition of a compound or compounds containing a hydantoin ring in the presence of water.
  • Silver chloride is a white powder that can be melted or cast like a metal, and is generally derived from heating a silver nitrate solution and adding hydrochloric acid or salt solution to produce a silver chloride solution, which is then boiled or filtered either in the dark or under a ruby red light to produce the silver chloride powder. It is also known that a compound containing a hydantoin ring such as 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH), which has no known antimicrobial properties, may also be obtained in powdered form.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an enhanced antimicrobial agent 35 comprising a dispenser container 36 supporting a mixture of DMH-silver chloride 37 in powder or dry form therein. It is noted that in the powder form, the DMH and silver chloride do not interact with each other. However, an interaction between the DMH and silver chloride is initiated once the DMH and silver chloride are in the presence of a fluid such as water.
  • FIG 2 shows the antimicrobial agent comprising a DMH-silver chloride powder 37 being dispensed through a spout of the dispenser container 36 into a body of water 39 supported by a housing 40, which may for example be a foot bath container which is used to prevent transmission of communicable diseases while receiving a pedicure.
  • a housing 40 which may for example be a foot bath container which is used to prevent transmission of communicable diseases while receiving a pedicure.
  • the silver chloride in the DMH-silver chloride powder 37 releases silver ions into the water 39 to effectively kill or control microorganisms in the water.
  • the silver has a tendency to complex with other compounds and becomes increasingly insoluble thereby reducing the effective microorganisms killing ability of the silver.
  • the DMH enhances the biocidal effectiveness of the silver by forming a complex with the silver to allow the silver to remain soluble to a higher degree thereby retaining the silver's antimicrobial activity.
  • the silver chloride provides for an effective initial antimicrobial agent
  • the complex between a compound containing a hydantoin ring, such as DMH and the silver in the presence of water also provides for an effective prolonged acting antimicrobial agent.
  • Use of the DMH-silver chloride powder 37 thus will be ideal for a body of water that requires fast acting such as in the soaking stage of a clothes washing machine.
  • the antimicrobial agent in liquid form can be placed in a sprayer or spray bottle to allow the enhanced antimicrobial agent to be applied as a coating to a range of objects to protect the coated item from mold, algae or the like.
  • a sprayer or spray bottle for example such diverse items such as clothing, medical devices and agricultural products such as seed coatings may be coated with the antimicrobial agent in a carrier to prevent mold and germination problems thereon by either spraying or immersing the seed and allowing the carrier to evaporate.
  • the products may be coated with the antimicrobial agent in a dry state. In either case when a liquid such as water comes into contact with the antimicrobial agent on product the antimicrobial agent releases the biocidal metal ions to kill harmful organisms thereon.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of the antimicrobial agent 41 wherein a dispenser container 42 supports DMH-silver chloride granules or pellets 43 therein in a dry state.
  • An example of one of the processes involved in forming the pellets may comprise the combination of the silver chloride while in solution with an adhesive to form an adhesive silver chloride solution. The adhesive and the silver chloride solution may be then applied to a carrier such as a pellet.
  • the pellet may be an active carrier, such as containing the DMH, or a passive carrier, in which the DMH is added to the silver chloride solution as the adhesive is cured to produce a pellet coated with silver chloride particles and DMH particles with both the silver chloride particles and DMH particles available for releasing into the body of water 39 where they are able to complex and aid in the process of killing bacteria and other harmful microorganisms in the body of water 39.
  • a suitable material for adhesively securing the silver chloride proximate the carrier is commercially available gelatin, which can be cross-linked with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde to form a non-soluble, water penetrable matrix on the exterior surface of the carrier.
  • Other suitable non-soluble water porous adhesive matrixes are polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate.
  • Figure 4 shows an antimicrobial agent comprising DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 in a dry state being dispensed through an orifice 44 located on the dispenser container 42 into the body of water 39 supported by housing 40.
  • the silver chloride in the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 releases silver ions into the body of water 39 to effectively kill or control microorganisms.
  • the DMH then enhances the biocidal effectiveness of the silver by forming a complex with the silver to allow the silver to remain soluble to a higher degree thereby retaining the silver's antimicrobial activity.
  • DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 A feature of DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 is that unlike the DMH-silver chloride powder 37 of Figures 1 and 2, the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 releases the silver chloride and the DMH at a slower rate for more of a time-controlled release. That is, the silver chloride and the DMH located inside or located in the inner layer of the DMH- silver chloride pellets 43 are not release, i.e. dissolved in the body of water, until the silver chloride and DMH located on the outer layer of the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 are released into the body of water 39.
  • Use of the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 thus will be ideal for an open body of water such as in a pool, spa, or hot tub in which the same body of water is intended to be use repeatedly.
  • FIG 5 shows an enhanced sanitizing dipstick 45 comprising a DMH-silver chloride pad 47 in a dry state having a handle 46a extending therefrom.
  • the enhanced sanitizing dipstick 45 may be formed similar to the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 of Figures 3 and 4, namely by the combination of the silver chloride while in solution with an adhesive to form an adhesive silver chloride solution. The adhesive and the silver chloride solution are then applied to an end of a stick 46 and allowed to dry.
  • the DMH may then be added to the silver chloride solution as the adhesive is cured to produce a DMH-silver chloride pad or puck 47 in a dry state comprising silver chloride particles and DMH particles with both the silver chloride particles and DMH particles activateable in the body of water 39 where they are able to complex and aid in the disinfection process of the body of water 39.
  • the cross-sections for the enhanced sanitizing dipstick 45 may be of any choice, e.g. square, rectangular, oval, hexagonal, irregular, etc...
  • the DMH-silver chloride pad or puck 47 is utilized to dispense the silver chloride and DMH into a body of water or a water source. Once exhausted, the enhanced sanitizing dipstick 45 may be disposed of simply by discarding the stick 46.
  • Figure 6 shows the sanitizing dipstick 45 being used in housing 40 with at least a portion of the DMH-silver chloride pad 47 submerged in the body of water 39 to dispense the DMH and silver chloride into body of water 39.
  • the DMH-silver chloride pad 47 releases silver chloride and DMH at a slower rate then the DMH-silver chloride powder 37 of Figures 1 and 2 and the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 of Figures 3 and 4. That is, the silver chloride and the DMH located inside or located in the inner layer of the DMH- silver chloride pad 47 are not released, i.e. dissolved in the body of water, until the silver chloride and DMH located on the outer layer of the DMH-silver chloride pellets 43 are released into the body of water 39.
  • dipstick 45 with the antimicrobial agent in a dry state and in tablet or puck form will be ideal for an open body of water that requires lengthy or extended release of antimicrobial agents but not immediate releases of antimicrobial agents such as in the container of humidifiers and dehumidifiers.
  • Figure 7 shows an antimicrobial agent dispenser 48 comprising a housing or container 49 supporting a DMH-silver chloride solution 50 therein.
  • the enhanced antimicrobial agent 48 does not dispense silver chloride particles and DMH particles into the body of water 39 in a dry or inactive state.
  • Figure 8 shows the antimicrobial agent 48 comprising the biocidal DMH-silver complex in a liquid or active state being dispensed into a container 40.
  • the dispenser container 49 contains a liquid containing silver chloride particles and DMH particles.
  • the DMH interacts with the silver to form a soluble complex that is effective in killing microorganisms.
  • the DMH continuously interacts with the silver thereby increasing the concentration microbial killing soluble silver complex until the either the DMH or silver chloride particles are exhausted or until the fluid is saturated with the microbial killing soluble silver complex.
  • Figure 8 shows the antimicrobial agent comprising a DMH-silver chloride solution 50 in an active state being dispensed through an orifice 51 of the dispenser 49 into the body of water 39 supported by housing 40.
  • a DMH-silver chloride solution 50 in an active state thus will be ideal for an open body of water that requires immediate sanitation such as an open body of water that needs to be sanitized for human consumption, for use as hard surface disinfectant, or for use as a body disinfectant.
  • the DMH-silver chloride solution 50 i.e. the resultant complex formed by an interaction between the DMH and the silver ion donor such as silver chloride
  • the DMH-silver chloride solution 50 may also be used as a spray applied as a liquid stream, fine vapor, mist, small drops, aerosol, or non-aerosol.
  • This spray can then be used to expose a microorganism to DMH-silver complex in liquid form.
  • the spray could be used for example to control the growth of microorganisms in or on clothing and various hard surfaces.
  • the sprayable DMH-silver chloride complex may, optionally, include additional additives such as, e.g., a fragrance, water thickener, surfactant, dispersant, supplemental solvents, anti-static agent, colorant, etc...
  • the powder, granules, tablets/dipstick, and liquid produced from the silver chloride and DMH either in particulate or complex forms are of particular utility as biocidal agents for use in other environments that may not have been previously mentioned such as industrial as well as medical and home use applications including but not limited to elements of protective coatings such as paints, hand wash formulations, in ointments and related topical applications, cosmetics, cleaning and/or disinfectant/sanitation products, toilet bowl cleaners, cooling towers, liquid paint, air washer systems, wastewater, pulp and paper processing operations, oil field applications, and decorative fountains and sanitation of recreational water such as swimming pools and spas.
  • the DMH-silver chloride complex is also intended to be used as a component in coating fibers and filters.
  • the silver chloride and DMH and/or the DMH-silver complex can be formulated with suitable additives such as but not limited to binders, lubricants, disintegrants, and mold release agents.
  • suitable additives such as but not limited to binders, lubricants, disintegrants, and mold release agents.
  • suitable additives such as but not limited to binders, lubricants, disintegrants, and mold release agents.
  • Other optional ingredients which may be used in the formation of a resultant product include fragrances, stabilizers, coloring agents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, viscosity modifying agents, other biological agents, surfactants, effervescent, diluents, antifoaming agents, enzymes, anti-spotting agents, anti-oxidants, preservatives, and anti-corrosion agents, builders, chelating agents, and the like.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic of the structure of a hydantoin ring with carbon and nitrogen atoms joined in a five-sided ring.
  • An oxygen atom is attached to two of the carbons in the hydantoin ring.
  • the lines extending from the third carbon atom and the nitrogen atom indicate that other atoms could be attached thereto.
  • a compound containing a hydantoin ring such as DMH (5,5-dimethylhydantoin)
  • two methyl groups would be attached to the carbon atom
  • an a hydrogen atom would be attached to each of the two nitrogen atoms.
  • a compound containing a hydantoin ring such as 5,5- dimethylhydantoin (DMH), which lacks antimicrobial properties, has the ability to interact with a source of metal ions to increase the solubility of the silver in a water environment and enhance the antimicrobial process.
  • compounds containing a hydantoin ring which have antimicrobial properties such as Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) and Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH) also interact to increase the solubility of silver in the presence of water. While a number of compounds with a hydantoin ring may be used as a practical matter one may want to avoid those compounds where the group or groups on the compound may have an adverse effect on the sanitized product.
  • Examples of other well known compounds wherein the compound contains a hydantoin ring include silverdimethylhydantoin l-hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethlyl hydantoin, glycolyurea and Copper hydantoin, Hydantoin-5-acetic acid, and Imidazolidines including parabanic acid, 2-Thiohydantoin, hydantoin purum, hydantoin, 1- Aminohydantoin hydrochloride,2-Imidazolidone, 2-Imidazolidone purum, 2- Imidazolidinethione, 2-hydrazino-2-imidazoline hydrobromide, 2-oxo-l- imidazolidinecarbonyl chloride, l-methylhydantoin, 5-methylhydandtoin, 2- imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid, allantoin, allantoin purum, creatinine anhydrous, creatinine biochemika, creatinine hydrochloride,
  • a silver ion donor in the presence of a compound containing a hydantoin ring such as DMH has a level of free silver higher than anticipated when compared to the silver ion donor in a water environment without the DMH.
  • DMH enhances the solubility of the silver thereby increasing the biocidal effectiveness.
  • a test was performed using either silver chloride or silver bromide as the donor of silver metal ions. The test demonstrated the enhancement of silver in a water environment when DMH is used in combination with a source of silver ions.
  • Silver bromide was initially prepared from a saturated sodium bromide solution, combined with silver nitrate in solution. The yellow precipitate, silver bromide, was than purified by filtration and washing. Additionally, the solid was allowed to dry before use.
  • a buffer system having a pH of 7.41 was prepared by adding Fisherbrand® potassium phosphate monobasic-sodium phosphate dibasic buffer to 2 Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 1000 mL of purified water. The first flask was treated with 1. 12 grams of 5,5- dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and marked solution "C" (with DMH) and the second flask was left untreated and marked solution "D” (without DMH) for control.
  • DMH 5,5- dimethylhydantoin
  • the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) comprised 97% reagent grade was obtained from Aldrich ® (CAS No. 77-71-4, Cat. No. Dl 61403- I KG).
  • FIG. 9 shows a table containing a list of the dissolved silver concentration, in parts per billion (ppb) obtained from the 100 mL samples for solution "D" (without DMH) and solution “C” (with DMH) at each of their respective weekly time intervals.
  • the average concentration of dissolved silver for solution "C” (with DMH) was 86 ppb while solution “D” (without DMH) had an average concentration of dissolved silver of 4.7 ppb.
  • the King Technology, Inc. Frog® Mineral Cartridge provides one method of delivering silver ions in the form of solid silver chloride (AgCl) distributed over a porous matrix.
  • the water releases the soluble silver ions into the water environment with. DMH resulting in the formation of ionic-hydantoin structures. It would be anticipated that soluble silver ions would be depleted from the water environment through the formation of silver bromide, an insoluble salt. However, as shown in Figure 2 after the DMH was added to the water environment, the actual silver concentrations were higher than the calculated theoretical silver concentration.
  • insoluble or slightly soluble transition metal salts may also be used in the present invention as a source of silver ions.
  • examples of insoluble or slightly soluble transition metal salts suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, AgCI, AgBr, AgI, Ag 2 S, Ag 3 PO 4 , NaAg 2 PO 4 , CuS, and NaCuPO 4 .
  • silver compounds include, but are not limited to, AgNO 3 , Ag 2 CO 3 , AgOAc, Ag 2 SO 4 , Ag 2 O, [Ag(NH 3 ) 2
  • Figure IO shows an immersion dispenser 20 having a housing 21 containing a compartment 22 therein.
  • a source of a compound containing a hydantoin ring such as DMH 23 and a biocidal component such as a source of biocidal metal for generating biocidal metal ions into the body of water.
  • a biocidal component such as a source of biocidal metal for generating biocidal metal ions into the body of water.
  • biocidal metal such as zinc or copper may be use, in the example shown the biocidal metal used comprises silver, silver alloy or some combination thereof, because of the recognized bactericidal, viricidal, and algaecidal properties of silver ions.
  • the biocidal metals can be introduced as metallic, zero valence material, or as metal ions that can be introduced into the water by dissolution of soluble metal salts, or by the dissolution of the metal itself.
  • silver ion can be introduced into the water through the dissolution of silver nitrate, or through the dissolution of metallic silver as the result of conversion to silver oxide and subsequent conversion of the oxide to more soluble silver species.
  • Mixtures of different salts, or of salts with metallic material may be combined together to provide the necessary concentration of metal ions in the water.
  • the biocidal metal comprises metallic silver 24.
  • a set of openings 25 allows water access to compartment 22 and to the source of DMH 23 and the metallic silver 24.
  • Figure 1 1 shows another dispenser 26 having a first housing 27 containing a compartment 28 and a second housing 29 with a compartment 30 therein.
  • a silver ion donor such as silver chloride 31
  • a source of DMH 32 located in compartment 28.
  • a set of openings 33 allows water access to compartment 28 and to the silver chloride 31.
  • a set of openings 34 allows water access to compartment 30 and the source of DMH 32.
  • the antimicrobial agent in the dispenser can be in an active state in the container and then can be activated by placing the dispenser in a body of water.
  • silver ion donor such as silver, silver oxide, silver salt, or a combination thereof
  • various types of silver alloys may also be used.
  • the silver may be used standing along in its pure / elemental or alloyed form or coated or impregnated to a substrate and placed in compartment 28.
  • other types of silver ion donors, other types of transition metals, transition metal oxides, or a combination thereof, and other alternative bactericides whose solubility can be changed in the presence of a compound containg a hydantoin ring can also be used in the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows source of DMH 22 in particle form with the aforementioned particles having an initial size that is larger than the size of opening 23 to prevent the DMH particles from escaping through opening 23.
  • Figure 10 shows source of DMH 23 in tablet form.
  • various types of material including but not limited to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), may be used as a binder in the formation of the DMH tablets which are tabletized with the metal ion donor so that both the DMH and the metal ion donor can be placed in the body of fluid to be treated.
  • MMCC microcrystalline cellulose
  • the preferred level of the DMH present in the body of water to be sanitized is between 5 and 25 ppm with the DMH and the source of silver cooperating to maintain a level of silver ions present in the amount of 1 to 3 ppb and/or alternatively cooperating to maintain a level of silver ions present to sustain a standard plate count at 35 degrees F of less than 200 colonies per milliliter.
  • the invention may includes the step of placing a dispenser 20, 26 containing both the source of DMH 23, 32 and the metallic silver 24, 31 in the open body of water and allowing water to come into contact with the source of DMH 33, 32 and the metallic silver 24, 31 to periodically release DMH and silver ions into the open body of water.
  • the DMH As the DMH is released into the open body of water, the DMH is carried to the metallic silver 24, 31 and interacts with the metallic silver 24, 31 to increase the solubility of the silver ion donors to allow for the release of more silver ions into the open body of water than if the only the metallic silver 24, 31 was present in the open body of water.
  • Figure 13 is a cutaway of a building 100 revealing portions of the interior of the building and portions of the exterior of the building to illustrate examples of various types of structure surfaces that can be treated with an antimicrobial agent described herein to either kill or prevent formation of harmful bacteria and other harmful microorganisms that normally grow on the structure surface when there is moisture on the structure surfaces.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied to the structure surfaces through spraying or though incorporating the antimicrobial agent directly into the structure surface during formation of the structure surface. For example, through use of an adhesive or by incorporating the antimicrobial agent directly into the structure surface.
  • Exterior structure building surfaces which may receive the antimicrobial agent are illustrated in Figure 3 and include siding 1 12, a door 1 13, a door knob 1 14 the windows 1 15 and the shingles 1 16.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied to unexposed structure surfaces that are normally not exposed when a house or building is finished. For example items such as studs 1 17 and insulation 1 18 which are located between the siding 1 12 and the interior building wall 1 19 but when wet form areas where mold and other harmful microorganisms can grow.
  • the antimicrobial agent can further be applied to interior structure surfaces of the building including ceilings and walls 1 19, floor 120, electrical fixtures 122 and furniture 121.
  • structure surfaces includes those surfaces of the building that are an integral component of the building as well as the surface of those objects which may not be integral to the building but are considered part of the building, for example furniture which may be built in or may be moveable from room to room.
  • the solution that carries the antimicrobial agent on the structure surface may limit the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent by limiting the availability of the biocidal metal ions.
  • biocidal metal ions may limit the effectiveness of the biocidal metal as a sanitizing agent.
  • biocidal sanitizing agents containing silver where the solubility of silver in water limits the concentration of available silver for killing bacteria.
  • the antimicrobial agent to the structure surface lessens or eliminates growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms on the structure surface.
  • the structure surface with the antimicrobial agent thereon can remain in a passive state until wet or moist conditions occur which cause growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
  • One of the features of the antimicrobial agent described herein is that when conditions for growth of harmful microorganisms are the greatest (i.e., when the structure surface is wet) the antimicrobial agent becomes a more effective antimicrobial agent since the presence of moisture forms a liquid carrier which increases the concentrations of available biocidal metal ions on the structure surface.
  • Figure 14 shows an operator 130 applying an antimicrobial agent 132 to a building surface using a hand held sprayer 131.
  • Spraying the antimicrobial agent on the building surface, i.e. the siding 1 12 is only one of many ways that the antimicrobial agent can be applied to the surface.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied through inclusion with other liquid surface applied materials such as brush-on paints or varnishes.
  • Other examples of application may include securing the antimicrobial agent to the structure surface through incorporation of the antimicrobial agent into the product during the manufacture of the product.
  • FIG. 15 shows an enlarged view of a portion of a structure surface 140 wherein an antimicrobial agent 141 thereon has been applied to the structure surface 140.
  • the biocidal sanitizing agent which is adhered to the surface, includes silver chloride as a source of silver ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring such as DMH.
  • the antimicrobial agent is dispersed throughout the structure surface but may have low antibacterial effect since there is no water present to act as a carrier for the silver ions. On the other hand without the presence of water there is little opportunity for the growth of bacteria and other harmful organisms.
  • Figure 16 illustrates what happens when conditions for rapid growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms occur, namely the presence of water.
  • reference numeral 145 identifies a patch of water, which is located on the surface 140.
  • the presence of water creates conditions for the growth of bacteria and other harmful organisms.
  • the presence of water on the surface may occur either from moisture in the air or from water being applied to the surface. In any event it creates condition for growth of mold as well as other forms of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
  • the water contacts the structure surface and the antimicrobial agent the water forms a carrier for the biocidal metal ions which can then be distributed to the area covered with water to kill bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
  • Biocidal metals include zinc, copper, silver and any other metals whose ions can kill bacteria or microorganisms.
  • Figure 16 shows a bacteria and microorganisms killing zone of heightened biocidal activity that includes a surface region 140a within the patch of water 145 and a portion of the antimicrobial agent 141 wherein the antimicrobial agent includes a source of metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring.
  • the antimicrobial agent includes a source of metal ions such as silver chloride and the compound containing the hydantoin ring is dimethylhydantoin.
  • the antimicrobial agent 140 adheres to the structure surface 140 in a kill ready condition until the surface is wetted, for example by water, which causes the level of metal ions in the wetted region to increase. It will be noted that because the water acts as a carrier for the metal ions the size of the zone expands or contracts in response to size of the water wetted surface. Thus the size of bacteria killing zone may be increased by increasing the wetted area on the surface 140. Consequently, even accidental spills of water on the structure surface give rise to enhancement of the killing of bacteria and other microorganisms.
  • the preferred level of the DMH present on the surface of the structure surface is at least 5 ppm and preferably between 5 and 25 ppm for most applications with the DMH and the source of silver cooperating to maintain a level of silver ions present in the amount of at least 1 to 3 ppb and/or alternatively cooperating to maintain a level of silver ions present to sustain a standard plate count at 35 degrees F of less than 200 colonies per milliliter.
  • the level of silver can be much higher.
  • the invention includes a structure surface sanitizing method where one forms a structure surface and applies an antimicrobial agent containing a source of metallic ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring to the structure surface to thereby lessen or eliminate growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms on the structure surface.
  • the application of the antimicrobial agent to the structure surfaces may be done with a carrier such as a water base solution with the water allowed to evaporate leaving a coating of the antimicrobial agent on the structure surface.
  • a carrier such as a water base solution with the water allowed to evaporate leaving a coating of the antimicrobial agent on the structure surface.
  • the structure surface may comprise building surfaces wherein the building surfaces includes a plurality of indoor and outdoor surfaces having an antimicrobial agent thereon wherein the antimicrobial agent including a biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring have been incorporated directly into the structure surface through adhesives or pressure.
  • the structure surface may be on items that are routinely used in the buildings or come into contact with structure surfaces such as brooms, appliances, vacuums, buckets, utensils, tools, garments and the like.
  • the antimicrobial agent can be applied to a structure surface before the growth of bacteria or harmful organisms the antimicrobial agent may be applied to surface with bacteria and other harmful organisms are present .
  • the invention may include a method of treating a building product to kill microorganisms on a surface by: ( 1 ) adding a source of biocidal metal, such as silver chloride, to a water base to generate biocidal metal ions in the water; and (2) adding a compound having a hydantoin ring, such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin to interact, with the biocidal metal to enhance the biocidal metal ion concentration before applying the antimicrobial agent to the surface to quickly kill bacteria and harmful microorganism thereon.
  • a source of biocidal metal such as silver chloride
  • the aforementioned method of applying the antimicrobial agent may include the step of impregnating the building products prior to assembly of the building products and preferably at the point of manufacture.
  • the antimicrobial agent can be applied after construction through spraying or brushing the antimicrobial agent on to the structure surfaces.
  • structure surfaces such as keyboards for electronic devices may be sprayed with the antimicrobial agent to provide enhanced bacteria and microorganisms killing ability.
  • biocidal metals such as silver or the like
  • a biocidal metal ion such as a silver ion is used to kill microbes in fluids proximate the biocidal metal ion.
  • solubility of various metallic ions such as silver ion in liquids, such as water, limits the available silver ions and hence the effectiveness in quickly and effectively killing microbes.
  • due to the nature of silver ions in readily complexing with other components or compounds it is often difficult to maintain silver ions in a antimicrobial active form for long durations.
  • a antimicrobial agent containing a biocidal metal ion source and a compound containing a hydantoin ring have the ability to interact with metal ion donors including silver metal ion donors such as silver bromide to increase the solubility of the silver in a liquid and thus aid in the killing harmful microorganisms without use of any additional antimicrobial agent.
  • metal ion donors including silver metal ion donors such as silver bromide
  • DMH interacts with silver to form a soluble complex even if the source(s) of silver are from insoluble salts such as silver bromide, which in some cases may be derived from silver chloride.
  • the effectiveness of the antimicrobial metal ions, particularly the silver ions is obtained through increasing the solubility of the silver by addition of a compound containing a hydantoin ring which may or may not have any antimicrobial effect.
  • the invention is directed to the field of anti-microbial compositions and to methods of reducing microbe numbers on direct body products which may incidentally or periodically come into contact with moisture such as clothing by applying or incorporating the antimicrobial agent therein .
  • the invention is directed to the incorporation or application of the antimicrobial agent into the clothing or a garment that comes into direct contact with a human.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be incorporated or applied to the body products such as articles of wear through methods such as soaking or spraying a liquid solution of the sanitizer on the clothing or to applying the sanitizer to the fabrics before the fabrics are made into clothing, however, the methods of application are for illustrative purposes and no limitation is intended thereto. Once applied the liquid is allowed to evaporate leaving a residue of the antimicrobial agent in a dry or inactive state.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be in an on demand condition after being applied to garments or incorporated in garments that later become exposed to body fluids.
  • Examples include various clothing articles wherein the activating liquids are the body fluids such as sweat.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied to or incorporated in products that are directly applied to or upon a surface of the human body including but not limited to body products such as deodorants, various feminine products, shampoo/conditioner, lipstick, facial creams.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied or incorporated in body cleaning products such as hand or facial wipes.
  • the antimicrobial agent may be applied or used in moist environments such as found in air conditioner filters and fluid collection pans as well as dehumidifiers to eliminate or prevent the growth of a microorganism in the fluid in the air conditioners an the dehumidifiers to prevent airflow therepast from bringing the harmful microorganisms into body contact.
  • Controlling the growth of a microorganism as used herein is intended to encompass effecting diminished proliferation and/or lethal results to microorganisms including but not limited to bacteria, spores, yeast, fungi, mold and multi-cellular microorganisms.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,821 ,936 teaches that silver-containing inorganic micro-biocides have recently been developed and utilized as antimicrobial agents on and within a numerous substrates and surfaces.
  • micro-biocides have been adapted for incorporation within melt spun synthetic fibers.
  • melt spun fibers are expensive to manufacture due to the large amounts of silver-based compound required to provide sufficient antimicrobial activity in relation to the migratory characteristics of such a compound within the fiber itself to its surface.
  • the composition is especially aimed at controlling and/or eliminating malodor generated by microbes and mold from clothing articles and fabrics.
  • the malodor generating microbes generally originate from the presence of fluids such as bodily fluids, sweat, urine, and vomit, dampness, and mildew.
  • the textiles include materials made of natural fibers, such as cotton and wool, regenerated natural fibers including regenerated cellulose, and materials made of synthetic organic fibers, such as acetate, polyacrylics, polyamides, polyester fibers, polyolefins, polyvinylidene chlorides, and/or rayon, and combinations thereof.
  • Illustrative examples of textiles include carpets, upholstery, drapes, and fabrics such as clothing and furniture coverings.
  • Figure 17 is a close-up view showing an antimicrobial woven textile 235 having a bacteria killing material comprising a source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring with both dispersibly adhered to the surface of the woven textile 235.
  • the source of biocidal metal ions when in the presence of a body fluid functions to release biocidal metal ions into a fluid proximate thereto to effectively kill or control microorganisms in the fluid.
  • the source of biocidal metal comprises silver chloride 236 directly secured to a first set of fibers 238 of the woven textile 235 and the source of the compound containing a hydantoin ring is 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) 237 which is directly secured to a second set of fibers 239 of the woven textile 235.
  • DMH 5-dimethylhydantoin
  • silver chloride will be discussed hereinafter as an example of a source of biocidal metal and DMH will be discussed hereinafter as an example of a source of a compound containing a hydantoin ring, other sources of biocidal metals and hydantoins may also be used. As an alternative both the silver chloride and the compound containing the hydantoin ring may be adhered to the same fiber.
  • Figure 18 shows a textile manufacturing system 240 for forming the antimicrobial woven textile 235 of Figure 17 comprising the securement of the silver chloride 236 and the DMH 237 on the fibers 238 and 239 before the fibers 238 and 239 are woven into the textile 235.
  • textile manufacturing system 240 includes a first station 241 for forming a fiber 242 having silver chloride particles 243 secured thereto.
  • a second station 244 includes a second fiber 245 having DMH particles 246 secured thereto.
  • the fiber are directed into a third station 247 that weaves the fibers into a textile 248 comprised of fibers with the silver chloride particles 243 thereon and fibers with the DMH particles 246 thereon which are located in proximity to each other to thereby release silver ions into a fluid to effectively kill or control microorganisms in the fluid when contacted by the fluid while also releasing DMH when contacted by a fluid containing the silver ions to maintain a higher silver ion level in the fluid in killing microorganisms than if silver ions from the silver chloride were used alone in killing microorganisms in the fluid.
  • biocidal metals and the hydantoins are shown adhered to the exterior of the fibers 242 and 245 the biocidal metals and the compound containing a hydantoin ring may also be embedded in the fibers 242 and 245 rather than adhered to the exterior of the fibers 242 and 245.
  • the silver chloride in the first set of fibers 238 releases silver ions into the fluid to effectively kill or control the growth of microorganisms.
  • the DMH in the fluid increases the biocidal effectiveness of the silver by forming a complex with the silver to allow the silver to remain soluble to a higher degree thereby increasing the silver's antimicrobial activity.
  • a feature of the invention is that the DMH and silver chloride provides for extended antimicrobial effects life as the DMH and silver chloride soluble complex is not formed until the presence of a fluid source. That is, the interaction between the DMH and silver chloride occurs after the DMH and silver chloride come in contact with a fluid.
  • silver chloride has been described as example of source of a heavy metal ion other sources of heavy metal ions may be used.
  • fabric articles having a surface for growth of harmful microorganism which can directly or indirectly transmit harmful organism to a human can become more effective antimicrobial surfaces by including both a source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring proximate the article surface whereby the presence a liquid releases biocidal metal ions into the fluid to thereby kill microorganisms on or proximate the article surface even though the compound containing a hydantoin ring may not have any antimicrobial properties.
  • Foot odor and infection are common problems caused by the growth of microbes in the enclosed environment of the shoe. Moisture resulting from foot perspiration provides an ideal growth environment for both bacteria and fungus, causing odor and athlete's foot. The inhibition of such growth of microbes has been a goal of the shoe industry.
  • One of the approaches that have been used is to incorporate activated charcoal into a shoe insole in order to absorb odor and moisture. Although effective in controlling odor, the degree of moisture absorption is not sufficient to inhibit microbes growth thus odor continues to be produced and athlete's foot and other infections can occur. In addition, the ability of the activated charcoal to absorb odor is limited resulting in the short-live effectiveness of the insole.
  • Antimicrobial agents have also been incorporated within a shoe insole. However, the anti-microbes agents used often times are released too rapidly to provide for long-term effectiveness. Thus, it is desirable to provide articles and methods for delivering deodorants and antimicrobial compositions to the shoe environment during use in which the compositions last over numerous wearing of the shoes.
  • Figure 19 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a shoe 249 having an antimicrobial insole 250.
  • Figure 20 shows a close-up view of the insole
  • the shoe insole 250 comprises a resilient layer or pad
  • a closed-cell or open cell foam plastic material having a plurality of pores or reservoirs 252 formed therein.
  • Each of the pores is filled with a composition comprising DMH and silver chloride in particles, preferably, powder form 254.
  • the presence of a fluid proximate the DMH and silver chloride powder 254 causes the release of silver ions into the fluid, where the fluid may be moisture resulting from foot perspiration.
  • the release of silver ions can effectively kill or control microorganisms in the fluid while the releasing DMH into the fluid containing the silver ions increases the level of silver ions in the fluid. That is, the DMH and the silver acting together are more effective in killing microorganisms than if silver ions from the silver chloride were used alone since the concentration of silver in the fluid is greater.
  • DMH and silver chloride powder 254 compositions provide for long-term effectiveness of the shoe insole 250 as the DMH and silver chloride do not interact with each other to form the soluble complex in their dry form. Instead, the interaction between the DMH and silver chloride is initiated once the DMH and silver chloride comes in contact with a fluid source. That is, in the shoe environment, the DMH and silver chloride soluble complex is not formed until the presence of moisture resulting, for example, from foot perspiration or environmental fluid seeping into the shoe creating the ideal growth environment for both bacteria and fungus. On the other hand when the fluid evaporates the antimicrobial agent becomes inactive or in a dry state where it can again be activated by the presence of body fluids.
  • shoe insole 250 also includes a fluid permeable, preferably fabric layer 253 secured to a surface of the resilient layer 251 and covering the openings or pores 252.
  • layer 253 provides the dual purpose of not only maintaining the DMH and silver chloride powder 254 within pores 252 but also to absorb fluids and direct the fluids into pores 252 so that the DMH and silver chloride powder 254 can be activated to effectively kill or control microorganisms in the fluid.
  • layer 253 may also function to control release of the DMH and silver chloride powder 54 into the shoe as the shoe insole 250 is walked upon to further distribute the DMH and Silver chloride powder 254 within the shoe 249.
  • the DMH and silver chloride powder 254 may also include a desiccant having a high affinity for water such as calcium oxide or silica gel to further attract fluids to the DMH and silver chloride powder 254, anti-fungal compositions to further help in the control of diseases such as athletes' foot and other infections and optionally fragrances for odor control.
  • the articles should be sealable in a fluid-proof condition so that they can be stored for extended periods without substantial loss of activity prior to use.
  • the resilient layer 251 may also comprise various types of material commonly used as an impact-absorbing layer in shoe insoles or other compressible articles.
  • foam rubber insole materials such as rubber latex foams, polyurethane latex foams, polypropylene latex foams, butyl latex foams, and the like.
  • closed-cell foamed thermoplastics formed from a number of known thermoplastic foam materials and blends thereof, such as polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene, acrylics, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and the like.
  • Such foamed materials can be obtained as pre -formed thermoplastic sheets, or alternatively, may be molded into a desired shape and foamed by nitrogen injection by a well-known technique.
  • the pre-formed foam materials can be thermo-molded after softening in an oven in a conventional mold cavity.
  • an alternative embodiment may comprise an anti- microbes spray containing a DMH-silver chloride complex formed by an interaction between the DMH and the silver ion donor such as silver chloride with or without a suitable carrier liquid applied as a liquid stream, fine vapor, mist, small drops, aerosol, or non-aerosol.
  • the spray could be used for example to eliminate or control the growth of microorganisms in or about the surfaces of the shoe.
  • the sprayable DMH-silver chloride complex may, optionally, include additional additives such as, e.g., a fragrance, water thickener, surfactant, dispersant, supplemental solvents, anti-static agent, colorant, etc...
  • the antimicrobial agent may also be used as an additive incorporated into products that are applied to upon the human body including but not limited to deodorants, various feminine products, shampoo/conditioner, lipstick, facial creams, hand wipes, etc... to help reduce microbes numbers either by reducing perspiration or by directly affecting the micro-organisms on the surface of the body as represented herein by skin.
  • the antimicrobial product may be applied to the user's body in two forms, namely with the silver chloride particles and DMH particles in their separate form to provide for extended antimicrobial effects or in a soluble DMH-silver ion complex form to provide for instant antimicrobial effects.
  • a composition 256 that includes silver chloride particles and DMH particles is dispensed to a desired portion on the user's body such as the underarm areas or feet via a carrier such as but not limited to a skin-adhering polymer, various gels, and waxes.
  • a carrier such as but not limited to a skin-adhering polymer, various gels, and waxes.
  • the DMH is also release into the sweat fluid to form a soluble DMH-silver ion complex that is also effective in killing microbes.
  • a soluble DMH-silver ion complex that is also effective in killing microbes.
  • the silver chloride and the DMH When used in products that provide antimicrobial properties, such as the hand wipes 257 shown in Figure 22, the silver chloride and the DMH will be applied to the intended surface in their complex form. That is, silver chloride particles and DMH particles are first added to the hand wipes fluid solution. In the hand wipes fluid solution the DMH interacts with the silver to form the soluble DMH-silver ion complex 258 that is effective in killing microbes.
  • the DMH As the DMH is maintained in the hand wipes fluid solution with the silver chloride, the DMH continuously interacts with the silver ions donated by the silver chloride particles thereby increasing the concentration microbes killing DMH-silver ion complex until the either the DMH or silver chloride particles are exhausted or until the hand wipes fluid solution is saturated with the microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex.
  • the hand wipes fluid solution containing the microbes killing soluble DMH- silver ion complex 258 is then placed into a dispensing container 260 housing a roll of wipes 259.
  • the wipes 259 in the dispensing container are then soaked with the hand wipes fluid solution containing the microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex 258 and are ready for use.
  • the hand wipes fluid solution containing the microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex 258 may also be used as an anti- microbes spray applied as a liquid stream, fine vapor, mist, small drops, aerosol, or non-aerosol.
  • The may, optionally, include additional additives such as a fragrance, water thickener, surfactant, dispersant, supplemental solvents, anti-static agent, colorant, etc...
  • the microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex may also be incorporated into gel or solid products that provide for instant antimicrobial effect.
  • examples of such products are body washes, which may come in the form of a liquid, a paste, or a solid.
  • Body washes in the present context includes liquid soaps, wash lotions, shower bath preparations, foam baths or hair shampoos which are applied to clean the skin or the scalp and hair and which are rinsed off with water.
  • These products are different from the deodorant 255 of Figure 21 and the hand wipes 257 of Figure 22 in that the products are applied to the user's body in solid or gel form but with the silver chloride and the DMH additive in their complex form or microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex form.
  • the aforementioned may be accomplished for example through the encapsulation of the microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex in small water dissolvable beads for gel-based body washes or within the confines of various water- soluble lipids for solid body washes. Once the beads or water-soluble lipids are dissolved during use, the microbes killing soluble DMH-silver ion complex will be release to provide for instant antimicrobial effects.
  • Figure 13 shows an article of wear comprising a glove 270 having an exterior surface 271 containing a antimicrobial agent comprising a source of biocidal metal 272 and a compound 273 containing a hydantoin ring.
  • the glove may have the antimicrobial agent on the outside or the inside of the glove or both. Having the antimicrobial agent on the outside will ensure that when moisture is proximate the outside the glove can be used to handle products without transferring harmful microorganisms. Having the antimicrobial agent on the inside will prevent growth of harmful microorganisms within the glove.
  • Figure 24 shows a one-piece hand shaped sheet of material 275 with a antimicrobial agent comprised of a source of biocidal metal 277 and a source of hydantoins 276 for providing a antimicrobial area on one side of the hand shaped sheet while
  • Figure 25 shows an end view of the one-piece hand shaped sheet of Figure 24 revealing that the one-piece hand shaped sheet of material includes an adhesive 278 for securing the material 275 to the user's hand.
  • a device is well suited to applications where one may have to move between handling food and handling money, which may contain harmful organisms.
  • One may simple place the material 275 on the open hand and let the adhesive hold the material in place while a food product is being handled.
  • the sheet of material 275 can then be quickly removed from the users hand to handle other items.
  • a sheet of material which contains the antimicrobial agent may be applied directly to areas where microorganisms are known to flourish such as on faucets, door handles, keyboards and the like. Once the antimicrobial agent is spent a fresh sheet with an antimicrobial agent thereon can be reapplied.
  • Figure 26 shows an example of a body product such as a tube of Iipstick2 89 that is applied to the skin of a user with the body product including the antimicrobial agent incorporated into the solid lipstick 281 wherein the antimicrobial agent includes the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound contains a hydantoin ring.
  • the sanitizer may be incorporated into secondary body products that indirectly affect a person through transfer of air between a source of harmful organisms and a person. That is, airflow can bring the harmful microorganisms into contact with a human through contaminated airflow.
  • the antimicrobial agent can be incorporated at the source of the harmful microorganisms thereby rendering airflow safe.
  • Figure 27 shows a partial cross- sectional side view of the antimicrobial air-conditioner filter 262 having a composition that includes a source of biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring which is incorporated into a traditional filter of an air conditioner unit 261.
  • antimicrobial air-conditioner filter 262 is capable of cleaning, deodorizing, and providing anti-fungal, and anti-mold activity to an air conditioner.
  • an air conditioner unit 261 upon activation of a driving the fan (not shown), external air containing dusts, fluids and the like is drawn through the suction grill 263 into the air conditioner unit 261.
  • the external air then arrives at a filter, which is located before the air condenser 264.
  • the filter functions to remove dusts, fluids and the like from the external air before the air moves into the condenser 264 for cooling.
  • some traditional filters have incorporated the use of activated carbon therein to deodorize the external air before the air moves into the condenser for cooling.
  • the deodorizing filters that incorporate the activated carbon has problems in that a deodorization performance is poor and short-lived, and harmful microbes cannot be sterilized.
  • the present invention solves the aforementioned problem by providing for an improved air-conditioner filter 262 that incorporates the antimicrobial agent within the filter medium 262a of the air- conditioner filter 262.
  • an antimicrobial composition 265 comprising particles of silver chloride and DMH is incorporated into the filter medium, which may comprise either a woven or non-woven fabric such as for example polypropylene(PP) resin fiber or polyethylene(PE) resin fiber.
  • the antimicrobial composition 265 is maintained within the filter medium 262a and activated in the presence of a fluid.
  • the air-conditioner filter 262 remove fluids from the external air, fluid starts to build up in the filter medium 262a.
  • the presence of the build-up of fluid causes the silver chloride particles to release silver ions into the fluid in the filter medium 262a to kill microorganisms.
  • the DMH particles also release DMH into the fluid in the filter medium 262a to interact with the silver ions to form a soluble DMH-silver ion complex that is also effective in killing or control the growth of microbes.
  • filter medium 262a dries the interaction between the DMH particles and silver chloride particles forming the soluble DMH-silver ion complex is halted due to the lack of a fluid source.
  • air-conditioner filter 262 functions not only to filter dusts and particulates but also to remove of odor cause by odor-producing microorganisms and/or sterilize microbes that are exposed to the air condition.
  • Figure 28 shows a partial cross-sectional side view of an antimicrobial fluid collection pan 67 having a composition that includes a source of biocidal metal and a source of hydantoins dispersibly incorporated in the form of a antimicrobial lining or coating 269 on an interior surface 268 of a fluid collection pan of a traditional dehumidifier 66.
  • An example of one of the processes involved in forming the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 may comprise the combination of the silver chloride while in solution with an adhesive, and preferably a slow dissolving adhesive, to form an adhesive silver chloride solution. The adhesive and the silver chloride solution are then applied to the interior surface 268 of fluid collection pan 267.
  • DMH particle is then added to the adhesive silver chloride mixture as the adhesive is cured to produce the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 containing the silver chloride particles and DMH particles that are available for releasing into the body of fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267 to aid in the disinfection or antimicrobial effects of the body of fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267.
  • a suitable material for adhesively securing the silver chloride proximate the carrier is commercially available gelatin, which can be cross-linked with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde to form a non-soluble, water penetrable matrix on the exterior surface of the carrier.
  • Other suitable non-soluble water porous adhesive matrixes are polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate.
  • the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 In use, as the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 comes into contact with the fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267, the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 releases silver ions into the fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267 to effectively kill or control the growth of microorganisms.
  • the DMH then the biocidal effectiveness of the silver by forming a complex with the silver to allow the silver to remain soluble to a higher degree thereby retaining the silver's antimicrobial activity.
  • a feature of the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 is that the use of a slow dissolving adhesive allows the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 to release the silver chloride and the DMH at a slow rate for more of a time-controlled release. That is, the silver chloride and the DMH located within the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 are not release, i.e. dissolved in the body of fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267 until the silver chloride and DMH located on the outer layer of the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 are released into the body of fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267.
  • antimicrobial lining or coating 269 thus is ideal for fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267 as the fluid collected by fluid collection pan 267 antimicrobial effects do not require immediate antimicrobial effects but instead requires lengthy or extended antimicrobial effects .
  • a feature of the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 is that the antimicrobial lining or coating 269 allows for prolong use as the DMH and silver chloride do not interact with each other to form the soluble complex without the presence of the fluid. Instead, the interaction between the DMH and silver chloride is initiated once the DMH and silver chloride comes in contact with a fluid source.
  • Figure 29 discloses a wastewater treatment system 310 for recycling wastewater to a state where the water is either fit for human consumption, agricultural use or otherwise returned to the environment.
  • Wastewater of all types which includes but is not limited to residential wastewater, industrial wastewater, commercial wastewater and reservoir wastewater comes in various conditions and may include human waste, food scraps, oil, soaps and chemical.
  • Household wastewater generally comes from household appliances, bathtubs, showers and toilets. Wastewater that is heavily polluted is often referred to as black water and household wastewater that does not include toilet waste is often referred to as greywater since, although polluted, it generally contains lesser amounts of pollutants.
  • Wastewater treatment system 310 includes a holding tank 31 1 that receives wastewater from an inlet pipe 312,
  • the wastewater can be from commercial, industrial or households septic systems and can be either greywater or blackwater.
  • the wastewater is pumped to a water treatment station 312 where solid or particle pollutants are removed from the wastewater. Solids may be removed through various methods including centrifuges or gravitation settling. The solid pollutants are removed through outlet 312a and the wastewater with the solid pollutants removed is then pumped through pipe 315 to another water treatment station 314 where unwanted liquids such as oils or soaps are removed from the wastewater and discharged through outlet 314a. Smaller particles or unwanted liquids may be removed by filters or the like. Once the unwanted liquids are removed from the wastewater the wastewater is pumped to water purification station 316 through pipe 317.
  • the amount and type of treatment of the wastewater in purification chamber 316 depends on the eventual use of water in purification chamber 316. For example, if the water in chamber 316 is to be used for human consumption the unwanted organisms in the wastewater need to be killed to render the water suitable for human consumption.
  • One of the effective ways of killing harmful organisms, such as bacteria, in wastewater is the use of biocidal metals that release heavy metals ions and particularly heavy metals ions such as silver ions. Although silver ions are effective in killing harmful unwanted organisms the solubility of silver ions in water is limited and hence the effectiveness in quickly and r effectively killing harmful bacterial is also limited.
  • wastewater treatment involves the removal of pollutants in the wastewater
  • the type of wastewater treatment required will depend on the type of wastewater being processed as well as the final use for the wastewater.
  • one of the final processing steps includes the killing of harmful organism in the wastewater.
  • wastewater is purified either partly or wholly through the use of a heavy metal ion donor that releases heavy metal ions such as silver ions.
  • silver ions are effective in killing harmful organisms the low solubility of the silver ions in water limits the effectiveness of the silver ions to provide an effective and quick kill of harmful organisms in the wastewater.
  • the effectiveness of the metal ions, particularly the silver ions is enhanced through increasing the solubility of the silver ions by addition of a compound containing a hydantoin ring.
  • the invention includes an antimicrobial agent for killing microorganisms in a body of wastewater
  • the antimicrobial agent includes a source of biocidal metal ions releasable into the body of wastewater to generate an antimicrobial level of biocidal metals that may be insufficient to kill the microorganisms in the body of wastewater and a compound containing a hydantoin ring releasable into the body of wastewater wherein the compound containing the hydantoin ring increases the antimicrobial level of biocidal metal ions in the body of wastewater to a biocidal level sufficient to kill microorganism in the wastewater.
  • the invention also includes the step of placing dispenser containing both the source of compound containing a hydantoin ring, and the source of silver ions in the body of wastewater and allowing water to come into contact with the DMH and the source of silver ion to periodically release DMH and silver ions into the body of wastewater.
  • the DMH is carried to the source of silver ions and interacts with the source of silver to increase the solubility of the silver ions to allow for the release of more silver ions into the body of wastewater than if the source of silver ions alone thereby increasing the level of silver ions to a level sufficient to kill the microorganisms in the wastewater.
  • the invention also include a method of treating a body of wastewater to kill microorganisms by enhancing the microbial agents comprising the steps of (1) adding a biocidal component to the body of wastewater; and (2) adding a concentration of compound containing a hydantoin ring such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin to the body of wastewater to enhance the effectiveness of the biocidal component in the body of wastewater to thereby lessen the need for a supplemental biocide.
  • the aforementioned method can also include the steps of (3) adding a transition metal, a transition metal oxide, a transition metal salt, or a combination thereof to the body of wastewater; (4) adding silver, silver oxide, silver salt, or a combination thereof to the body of wastewater; (5) adding a substrate that has been coated or impregnated with metallic silver, silver salt, or a combination thereof to the body of wastewater; (6) a silver alloy to the body of wastewater; (7) adding silver nitrate to the body of wastewater; (8) adding a carrier containing a silver deposit to the body of wastewater; (9) adding a silver-containing material to the body of wastewater; ( 10) placing a dispenser containing both the biocidal component and the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the body of wastewater and allowing water to come into contact with both the biocidal component and the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin ( 1 1) adding an amount of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the body of wastewater to obtain a final concentration of at least 5 ppm 5,5
  • the invention further includes a method of treating a body of wastewater to kill microorganisms by increasing the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agents comprising the steps of: ( 1) adding a source of biocidal metal to the body of wastewater to generate biocidal metal ions in the body of wastewater; and (2) adding compound containing a hydantoin ring such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin to the body of wastewater to interact with the biocidal metal 14, 21 to enhance the biocidal metal ion concentration in the body of wastewater.
  • the aforementioned method can also include the steps of (3) adding a source of metallic silver to the body of wastewater; (4) adding metallic silver alloy to the body of wastewater; (5) placing a dispenser containing both the source of biocidal metal 14, 21 and the compound containing a hydantoin ring such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the body of wastewater and allowing water to come into contact with both the source of biocidal metal and the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin; (6) adding a metallic silver coated or impregnated substrate to the body of wastewater; and adding a source of pure silver to the body of wastewater.
  • a wastewater antimicrobial agent may include a biocidal metal selected from the group consisting of silver chloride, a metallic silver alloy, pure silver or a substrate impregnated with metallic silver and the compound containing the hydantoin ring where the compound containing the hydantoin ring may be either a non-halogenated hydantoin such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) or a halogenated hydantoin including Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) or Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH) or combinations thereof and the compound containing the hydantoin ring is in either a liquid state or a dry state including, powder, solid, granules, pellets or combinations thereof.
  • a biocidal metal selected from the group consisting of silver chloride, a metallic silver alloy, pure silver or a substrate impregnated with metallic silver and the compound containing the hydantoin
  • the invention includes an antimicrobial agent for use in killing microorganisms comprising: a microorganism killing material comprising a source of biocidal metal ions wherein the level of available biocidal metal ions to kill microorganisms is limited by the presence of a liquid; and a compound containing a hydantoin ring, wherein the compound containing a hydantoin ring may lack antimicrobial properties but the presence of the liquid with the combination of the compound containing a hydantoin ring and the source of biocidal metal ions generates a higher level of available biocidal metal ions to killing microorganisms than the source of biocidal metal ions without the compound containing the hydantoin ring.
  • the antimicrobial agent may include a source of biocidal metal ions comprises a metallic silver, silver chloride or a metallic silver alloy.
  • the antimicrobial agent may have the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring are in a dry state in either powder, pellet or granular form and the compound containing the hydantoin ring lacks antimicrobial properties.
  • the antimicrobial agent wherein compound containing a hydantoin ring comprises 5, 5- dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and the liquid is water.
  • the antimicrobial agent of may include a carrier having an exterior surface; a water penetrable matrix on the exterior surface of said carrier wherein the microorganism killing material comprising a source of biocidal metal is dispersed within said water penetrable matrix.
  • the antimicrobial agent may include the compound containing a hydantoin ring comprises either bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH) or si I verdi methyl hydantoin (AgDMH)
  • BCDMH bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • AgDMH si I verdi methyl hydantoin
  • the antimicrobial agent may be in a dry state and is carried by either a stick having a handle or a puck containing the antimicrobial agent,
  • the method for antimicrobial treating to kill microorganisms in the presence of water comprising the steps of in the presence of water supplying a microorganism killing material comprising a source of biocidal metal ions; adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring, which may not have antimicrobial properties, to the source of biocidal metal ions to thereby increase an availability of biocidal metal ions to kill microorganisms; and applying the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring to a source of harmful microorganisms to thereby kill the harmful microorganisms.
  • the method of antimicrobial treating in may including the step of adding a biocidal metal includes adding a transition metal, a transition metal oxide, a transition metal salt, silver, silver oxide, silver salt, or a combination thereof to in the presence of water
  • the method of antimicrobial treating in presence of water wherein the step of adding the compound containing a hydantoin ring comprises adding a halogenated hydantoin selected from the group consisting of Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH), Di bromodimethyl hydantoin (DBDMH) or an unhalogeneated hydantoin comprising 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH).
  • BCDMH Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH Dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • DBDMH Di bromodimethyl hydantoin
  • an unhalogeneated hydantoin comprising 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH).
  • the method of antimicrobial treating in presence of water including the step of adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring includes dispensing sufficient 5,5- dimethylhydantoin into bring the level of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin to at least 5 ppm.
  • the invention may include n antimicrobial dispenser having a housing having a compartment therein with a source of biocidal metal ions for generating a first level of biocidal metal ions in a liquid and a compound containing a hydantoin ring located in the housing, wherein the compound containing a hydantoin ring may lack antimicrobial properties but the presence of the compound containing the hydantoin ring together with the source of biocidal metal ions generates a second level of available of biocidal metal ions which the second level of available biocidal metal ions greater than the first level of biocidal metal ions when the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing the hydantoin ring are in the presence of the liquid.
  • the antimicrobial dispenser may include a source of biocidal metal ions that comprises silver chloride.
  • the compound in the antimicrobial dispenser may be either 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin comprises a 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH), bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) or dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH) in either powder, pellet, tablet or granular form.
  • DMH 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
  • BCDMH bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • the source of biocidal metal ions may comprises a silver chloride, metallic silver alloy, pure silver or a substrate coated or impregnated with metallic silver or combinations thereof.
  • the compound containing the hydantoin ring comprises 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin .
  • the method of treatment in the presence of water comprises dispensing the antimicrobial agent into a footbath container.
  • the method of antimicrobial treating of an object to kill microorganisms that may come in contact with the object by: applying an antimicrobial agent including a source of biocidal metal ions in a dry state to the object; applying a compound containing a hydantoin ring in a dry state to the object; and bringing a liquid into contact with the source of biocidal metal ions in a dry state and the compound containing a hydantoin ring in a dry state to thereby generate a level of biocidal metal ions in the liquid that is greater than if the liquid came into contact with only the source of biocidal metal ions
  • the method may include the antimicrobial treating of an object by applying the antimicrobial agent to medical devices and agricultural products.
  • the method may include the antimicrobial treating the step of bringing the liquid into contact with the source of biocidal metal ions in a dry state and the compound containing a hydantoin ring in a dry state comprises bringing water into the contact with the source of biocidal metal ions and the source of biocidal metal ions comprises silver chloride and the compound containing a hydantoin ring comprises 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin.
  • the invention includes an antimicrobial method for a structure surface comprising; forming a structure surface, applying an antimicrobial agent containing a source of metallic ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring, which may or may not have antimicrobial properties, to the structure surface whereby the compound containing a hydantoin ring increases the availability of the metallic ions when the antimicrobial agent is in the presence of a liquid.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface includes source of metallic ions in the antimicrobial agent wherein the antimicrobial agent includes a transition metal, a transition metal oxide, a transition metal salt, or a combination thereof.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface includes the step of adding the transition metal, the transition metal oxide, the transition metal salt, or a combination thereof to the comprises adding silver, silver oxide, silver salt, or a combination thereof to the antimicrobial agent before applying the antimicrobial agent to the structure surface.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface includes the step of increasing the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent through introduction of water to the antimicrobial agent.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface where the antimicrobial agent is a water base solution containing silver chloride and applying the water base solution containing the silver chloride and a compound containing a hydantoin ring to a structure surface and allowing the water base solution to evaporate to leave the antimicrobial agent in an activateable state.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface wherein the step of adding the antimicrobial agent to the structure surfaces comprises applying the antimicrobial agent to the structure surface and then enclosing the structure surface.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface wherein the compound containing a hydantoin ring is a halogenated hydantoin selected from the group consisting of Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH), and Dibromodimethylhydantoin (DBDMH).
  • BCDMH Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH Dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • DBDMH Dibromodimethylhydantoin
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface wherein the antimicrobial agent is applied to the structure surfaces a water base solution and the water is allowed to evaporate leaving a coating of the antimicrobial agent on the structure surface.
  • the antimicrobial method for a structure surface wherein the antimicrobial agent is incorporated into structure surface during formation of the structure surface.
  • the invention includes a building wherein the building includes a plurality of indoor and outdoor surfaces each having a structure surface with an antimicrobial agent containing a biocidal metal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring wherein the antimicrobial level of the biocidal metal in the presence of water increases the ability of the antimicrobial agent to destroy harmful bacteria or microorganisms by increasing the availability of biocidal metal from the biocidal metal.
  • the building wherein the building includes a building product surface as an integral component of a building.
  • the bacteria and microorganisms killing zone wherein the source of metal ions is silver chloride and the compound containing the hydantoin ring is dimethylhydantoin.
  • the bacteria and microorganisms killing zone wherein the water-wetted structure is an interior building surface.
  • the bacteria and microorganisms killing zone wherein the bacteria and microorganisms killing zone expands or contracts in response to an area of the water wetted structure surface.
  • the bacteria and microorganisms killing zone wherein the structure surface is an article of furniture and the step of treatment to lessen or prevent growth of bacteria includes of applying an antimicrobial agent to the structure surface wherein the antimicrobial agent includes a biocidal meal and a compound containing a hydantoin ring.
  • the invention includes antimicrobial article having an article surface for growth of harmful microorganism; an antimicrobial agent including a source of biocidal metal ions proximate said article surface for generating a first level of biocidal metal ions ; and a compound containing a hydantoin ring, where the compound containing the hydantoin ring may or may not have any antimicrobial properties, proximate said article surface whereby the presence of the compound containing a hydantoin ring and the source of biocidal metal ions coact when in the presence of a liquid to increases the first level of biocidal metal ions to thereby kill microorganisms on or proximate the article surface.
  • the antimicrobial article may include an article of wear and the compound containing a hydantoin ring lacks antimicrobial properties.
  • the antimicrobial article wherein the source of biocidal metal ions comprise silver chloride and the compound containing a hydantoin ring comprises DMH.
  • the antimicrobial article wherein the article comprises either an article of clothing, an article of footwear, an article of cloth or an article of skin wear.
  • the antimicrobial article wherein the article of skin wear comprises a deodorant, a lipstick, a body liquid or a body cream.
  • the antimicrobial article wherein the article comprises a shoe insole, a fabric or a sheet of material having an adhesive on one side and the antimicrobial agent on the opposite side .
  • the antimicrobial article wherein the liquid is water and the concentration of compound containing the hydantoin ring is at least 5ppm and the compound containing a hydantoin ring is selected from group consisting of Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH) and Silverdimethylhydantion (AgDMH).
  • BCDMH Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH Dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • AgDMH Silverdimethylhydantion
  • the antimicrobial article wherein a compound containing the hydantoin ring is DMH and the concentration in the water is at least 5ppm but less than 25 ppm.
  • the invention includes the method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms comprising: applying an antimicrobial agent containing a source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring to an article surface for direct or indirect human contact; and introducing an activating liquid to the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring to bring biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring into solution to thereby increase the level of available biocidal metal ions to thereby kill microorganism in contact with the article surface.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the source of biocidal metal ions is silver chloride and the compound containing a hydantoin ring is DMH and wherein sufficient DMH is added to bring the concentration of DMH in the activating fluid to at least 5ppm.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein applying the antimicrobial agent comprises incorporating the source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring directly into a body affecting product.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring lacks antimicrobial properties and the compound containing a hydantoin ring and the source of biocidal metals are applied to the article in a liquid and the liquid is allowed to evaporate leaving the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound contain a hydantoin ring in an inactive state.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring are brought into an active antimicrobial state through the presence of liquid.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the source of biocidal metal ions and the compound containing a hydantoin ring are brought into an active antimicrobial state through the presence of body fluids.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the source of biocidal metal ions is silver chloride and the compound containing a hydantoin ring is DMH.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the compound containing a hydantoin ring is selected from the group consisting of Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH) and Dibromodimethylhydantoin (DBDMH).
  • BCDMH Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH Dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • DBDMH Dibromodimethylhydantoin
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the step of adding the biocidal component to the source of fluid comprises adding a carrier containing a silver deposit to the source of fluid.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the source of activating liquid comprises a body fluid.
  • the invention includes method of limiting human exposure to harmful microorganisms wherein the compound containing the hydantoin ring is maintained at least 5ppm in the activating liquid.
  • the invention includes a method for treatment of wastewater containing solid pollutants comprising: removal of the solid pollutants from the wastewater; killing microorganisms in the wastewater after removal of the solid pollutants by adding a biocidal component to a body of wastewater; and enhancing the effectiveness of the biocidal component in the wastewater by adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring to the wastewater, which may or may not have any antimicrobial properties, to thereby enhance the effectiveness of the biocidal component by increasing the solubility of the biocidal component in the body of wastewater.
  • the method of treatment of wastewater wherein the step of adding a biocidal component to the body of wastewater comprises adding a transition metal, a transition metal oxide, a transition metal salt, or a combination thereof to the body of wastewater.
  • the method of treatment of wastewater wherein the step of adding the transition metal, the transition metal oxide, the transition metal salt, or a combination thereof to the body of wastewater comprises adding silver, silver oxide, silver salt, or a combination thereof to the body of wastewater or a substrate that has been coated or impregnated with metallic silver, silver salt, or a combination thereof.
  • the method of treatment of wastewater wherein the step of adding the biocidal component to the body of wastewater comprises adding a silver-containing material, a silver alloy or a silver nitrate to the body of wastewater and the compound containing the hydantoin ring lacks biocidal effectiveness when used alone
  • the method of treatment of wastewater wherein adding the compound containing a hydantoin ring is a compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl hydantoin (DMH) Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), Dichlorodimethylhydatoin (DCDMH), Dibromodimethylhydantoin (DBDMH).
  • DMH dimethyl hydantoin
  • BCDMH Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
  • DCDMH Dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • DBDMH Dibromodimethylhydantoin
  • the method of treatment of wastewater including the step of placing a dispenser containing both the biocidal component and the compound containing a hydantoin ring in the wastewater and allowing the wastewater to come into contact with both the biocidal component and the compound containing a hydantoin ring.
  • step of adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring includes adding a concentration of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin to the body of wastewater to obtain a final concentration of at least 5 ppm 5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
  • the method of treatment of wastewater wherein the step of adding a biocidal component to a body of wastewater comprises adding the biocidal component to the wastewater after unwanted liquid pollutants are removed from the wastewater.
  • the invention includes a method of treating a body of wastewater to kill microorganisms therein by increasing the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent comprising the steps of: adding a source of biocidal metal to the body of wastewater to generate biocidal metal ions in the body of wastewater; and adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring to the body of wastewater, where the compound containing a hydantoin ring may or may not have any antimicrobial properties, to interact with the source of biocidal metal to increase an availably of biocidal metal ions in the body of wastewater.
  • the method of treatment includes treatment of wastewater , which is greywater or ballast water.
  • the method of treatment includes treatment of wastewater wherein the source of biocidal metal ions comprises a source of silver ions and the compound containing the hydantoin ring comprises 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and the level of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the body of wastewater is at least 5 ppm.
  • the method of treatment includes treatment of wastewater wherein the step of adding the source of biocidal metal to the body of wastewater comprises adding a source of metallic silver or metallic silver alloy to the body of wastewater.
  • the method of treatment includes treatment of wastewater including the step of placing a dispenser containing both the source of biocidal metal and the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the body of wastewater and allowing wastewater to come into contact with both the source of biocidal metal and the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
  • the method of treatment includes treatment of wastewater wherein the step of adding the source of biocidal metal to the body of wastewater comprises adding silver chloride to the body of wastewater.
  • a wastewater antimicrobial dispenser for killing microorganisms in a body of wastewater comprising; a dispenser containing a source of biocidal metal ions releasable into the body of wastewater to generate a sanitizing level of biocidal metals insufficient to kill the microorganisms in the body of wastewater and a compound containing a hydantoin ring releasable into the body of wastewater wherein the compound containing the hydantoin ring increases the antimicrobial level of biocidal metal ions in the body of wastewater to a biocidal level sufficient to kill microorganism in the wastewater.
  • the wastewater antimicrobial dispenser including a first housing having a water accessible compartment containing the biocidal metal; and a second housing having a water accessible compartment containing the compound containing a hydantoin ring.
  • the wastewater antimicrobial dispenser wherein a source of biocidal metal comprises silver chloride and the compound containing a hydantoin ring comprises 5,5- dimethylhydantoin.
  • the wastewater antimicrobial dispenser wherein the biocidal metal is selected from the group consisting of a metallic silver alloy, pure silver or a substrate impregnated with metallic silver and the compound containing the hydantoin ring is either 5,5- dimethylhydantoin (DMH) Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) or
  • DCDMH Dichlorodimethylhydatoin
  • the wastewater antimicrobial dispenser wherein the compound containing a hydantoin ring lacks biocidal effectiveness to kill microorganisms.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un agent antimicrobien et un procédé de destruction de micro-organismes par augmentation de la concentration des ions métalliques en employant un composé contenant un cycle hydantoïne en présence d'un liquide. Le procédé comprend l'étape consistant à augmenter l'efficacité du composant biocide afin de réduire la nécessité d'un biocide supplémentaire, l'agent antimicrobien pouvant être à l'état actif, c'est-à-dire liquide ou à l'état inactif, c'est-à-dire solide, sous forme de comprimé, de poudre, de granule ou leurs combinaisons qui peuvent être appliqués sur la surface d'une structure ou utilisés dans le traitement d'eaux usées. L'appareil comprend un distributeur contenant un agent antimicrobien à l'état actif ou à l'état inactif, l'agent antimicrobien comprenant un composé contenant un cycle hydantoïne et une source d'ions métalliques biocides pour l'administration de l'agent antimicrobien à un site de micro-organismes.
PCT/US2009/006318 2008-12-05 2009-12-01 Antimicrobiens WO2010065090A2 (fr)

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US20132108P 2008-12-08 2008-12-08
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WO2016048304A1 (fr) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-31 Colgate-Palmolive Company Biodisponibilité d'ions métalliques

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US3930000A (en) * 1971-06-16 1975-12-30 Univ Washington Silver-zinc allantoinate compositions and method of killing bacteria and fungi therewith
WO2000009173A1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-24 Coloplast A/S Compositions stabilisees a activite antibacterienne
US20020172709A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-11-21 Brian Nielsen Medical dressing comprising an antimicrobial silver compound and a method for enhancing wound healing
WO2008085499A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-17 King Joseph A Augmentation d'ions

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930000A (en) * 1971-06-16 1975-12-30 Univ Washington Silver-zinc allantoinate compositions and method of killing bacteria and fungi therewith
WO2000009173A1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-24 Coloplast A/S Compositions stabilisees a activite antibacterienne
US20020172709A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-11-21 Brian Nielsen Medical dressing comprising an antimicrobial silver compound and a method for enhancing wound healing
WO2008085499A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-17 King Joseph A Augmentation d'ions

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016048304A1 (fr) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-31 Colgate-Palmolive Company Biodisponibilité d'ions métalliques
CN107075555A (zh) * 2014-09-24 2017-08-18 高露洁-棕榄公司 金属离子的生物利用度
US10563243B2 (en) 2014-09-24 2020-02-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Bioavailability of metal ions

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