WO2010063171A1 - 顶置塔架式数控抽油机 - Google Patents

顶置塔架式数控抽油机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010063171A1
WO2010063171A1 PCT/CN2009/072200 CN2009072200W WO2010063171A1 WO 2010063171 A1 WO2010063171 A1 WO 2010063171A1 CN 2009072200 W CN2009072200 W CN 2009072200W WO 2010063171 A1 WO2010063171 A1 WO 2010063171A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sprocket
sheave
pumping unit
rope
tower type
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/072200
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛宏伟
刘博�
Original Assignee
陈达康
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2008102388641A external-priority patent/CN101413387B/zh
Priority claimed from CN200910084561.3A external-priority patent/CN101555782B/zh
Application filed by 陈达康 filed Critical 陈达康
Priority to US13/132,898 priority Critical patent/US8863826B2/en
Publication of WO2010063171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010063171A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a petroleum mining machinery and equipment, in particular to an overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit.
  • the oil extraction industry uses a variety of oil extraction machinery and equipment, the most mature of which is the beam pumping unit.
  • the beam pumping unit is large and cumbersome, with high energy consumption, low efficiency and maintenance adjustment.
  • Inconveniences and other shortcomings have gradually been replaced by tower-type pumping units, but most of the tower-type pumping units used today are still in the form of transmissions that use gearboxes to reduce gears.
  • the motors of such pumping units pass through couplings and The reducer is connected, the large gear, the sun gear and the hoisting wheel are fixed to each other, and are mounted on the sun gear shaft through bearings, and the sun gear shaft is fastened with the sun gear shaft fastener.
  • the motor drives the reducer through the coupling, and the pinion and the large gear connected to the output shaft of the reducer mesh, so that the balance wheel fastened together with the large gear rotates regularly and in the opposite direction. , driving the sucker rod to reciprocate up and down.
  • a pumping unit that uses a gearless motor direct drive method. Since there is no speed reducer or only one stage belt speed reduction, although the original shortcomings of the speed reducer drive are overcome, the direct drive mode of the motor increases the cost by 5-10. At times, at the same time, only the first-stage belt deceleration produces defects such as insufficient power and short belt life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of pumping unit to overcome the shortcomings of the above pumping unit.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a top-mounted tower type numerical control pumping unit with simple structure, low cost, stable performance and wide adaptability.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the invention comprises a tower, a power system, a transmission system, a control system, a balance weight box, a counterweight positioning rope, a rope wheel, a drive rope and a suspension rope, wherein the power system,
  • the transmission system, the control system and the sheave are mounted on an operating platform at the top of the tower, the control system is coupled to the power system, the control system controls the commutation position and the rotational speed of the power system, and the power system is driven by the transmission system and the sheave
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit further comprises a guide wheel mechanism, the guide wheel mechanism comprises a guide wheel bracket, a guide rod, a rotating shaft, a guide wheel clamp and a guide wheel, and the guide wheel bracket passes the adjustable screw Fixedly mounted on a side of the operating platform near the sheave, one end of the guiding rod is mounted on the guiding wheel bracket by a detachable screw, the rotating shaft passes through a connecting portion of the guiding rod and
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the transmission system comprises a transmission belt, a small belt sprocket, a large belt sprocket, a transmission shaft, a pinion gear, a large gear and a sheave shaft, and the output end of the power system is
  • the small belt sprocket is fixedly connected, and the small belt sprocket drives the large belt sprocket through the transmission belt
  • the large belt sprocket is fixedly mounted on one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly equipped with a pinion gear
  • a transmission shaft Mounted on the drive shaft bracket by a pair of bearings A, the pinion gear meshes with the large gear, and the large gear is fixedly mounted on the sheave by a pin
  • the inside of the sheave is equipped with a sheave shaft through a pair of bearings B, Both ends of the sheave shaft are respectively fixed on the shaft seat, and the shaft seat is fixed
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the small belt sprocket has a sprocket F on the inner side thereof, a sprocket G is arranged on the inner side of the large belt sprocket, and the transmission chain is arranged on the sprocket F and G .
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the transmission system comprises a sprocket J, a sprocket K, a transmission shaft, a pinion gear, a ring gear and a sheave shaft, and an output end of the power system is fixed to the sprocket J Connecting, the sprocket J drives the sprocket K through a chain, the sprocket is fixedly mounted on one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly equipped with a pinion, and the transmission shaft is mounted on the transmission through a pair of bearing cymbals On the shaft bracket, the ring gear is fixedly mounted on the outer middle portion of the sheave, and the sheave is mounted on the sheave shaft through a pair of bearings I, and two ends of the sheave shaft are respectively fixed on the shaft seat, the shaft seat Fixed on the operation level, the pinion meshes with the ring gear.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the sprocket J and K both adopt two sets of sprocket wheels, and the two sets of sprocket wheels of the sprocket J are composed of sprocket wheels of the same size, the sprocket K
  • the two sets of sprockets are composed of sprockets of different sizes, wherein the diameter of the large sprockets is 2 or 3 times the diameter of the small sprockets.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the transmission system comprises a sprocket L, a sprocket M and a sheave shaft, the output end of the power system is fixedly connected with the sprocket L, and the sprocket L passes through the chain Driving the sprocket M, the sprocket M is fixedly mounted on the outer middle portion of the sheave, the sheave is mounted on the sheave shaft through a pair of bearings N, and the two ends of the sheave shaft are respectively fixed on the shaft seat, The shaft seat is fixed on the operation level.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the sprocket wheels L and M both adopt two sets of sprocket wheels, and the two sets of sprocket wheels of the sprocket L are composed of sprocket wheels of the same size, the sprocket M 5 ⁇
  • the diameter of the small sprocket is 1.5 times the diameter of the small sprocket.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the guide wheel mechanism mounted on the operating platform is two groups, two ends of the sheave are respectively wound around a set of driving ropes, and one end of the two sets of driving ropes is fixed It is connected to the sheave, and the other end is connected to the suspension rope E' by bypassing the guide wheel on the corresponding guide wheel mechanism.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the balance weight box is provided with a main weight box and a multi-stage sub-weight box, and the multi-stage sub-weight box is hung by hooks installed on both sides of the main weight box Connected to the main weight box, the main weight box and the multi-stage auxiliary weight are internally filled with cement, sand and iron, and the total weight of the multi-stage auxiliary weight is less than 10% of the total weight of the main weight box. .
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the operating platform on both sides of the guiding wheel bracket is respectively provided with a pulling rod, the upper end of the pulling rod is respectively provided with a fixed pulley, and the pair of pulling hooks are arranged on both sides of the guiding wheel fixture A wire rope is fixed on the hook, and the other end of the wire rope is fixed on the operating platform around the fixed pulley.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the invention wherein the power system is a permanent magnet synchronous brake motor.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention wherein the control system is disposed inside a permanent magnet synchronous brake motor.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention is different from the prior art in that the transmission system of the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention eliminates the speed reducer, and uses a plurality of simple transmission forms to make the entire overhead
  • the numerical control pumping unit is simpler in structure, lower in cost, more stable in operation, and less in noise.
  • the guide wheel of the overhead tower type digital pumping unit of the present invention is fixed on the operating platform by a rotating shaft, which is convenient for the staff to Move the guide wheel to both sides during workover.
  • the transmission system of the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the invention transmits the power through the first stage deceleration to the transmission shaft through a belt, a chain or a combination of a belt and a chain, and then drives the rope reel shaft through the second stage reduction through a pair of gears.
  • the advantage of using the chain or the combination of the belt and the chain for the first stage speed reduction transmission is Reduce power loss, maintain high working efficiency under heavy load, reduce noise when used in environmentally sensitive areas;
  • ring gear or sprocket used to drive the rotation of the sheave on the overhead tower type digital pumping unit of the present invention It is fixedly installed in the middle of the sheave, so that the main shaft and the drive rope rewinding at both ends of the sheave are balanced during the whole operation, which makes the equipment on the whole operating platform more compact and the center of gravity more stable.
  • the transmission mechanism can be a two-stage combined transmission consisting of a transmission shaft, a sprocket and a gear, or a sprocket directly driven by a chain to form a first-stage combined transmission, and a two-stage combined transmission overhead tower type.
  • the load of the CNC pumping unit can be more than that of the top-mounted tower type CNC pumping unit of the first-stage combined transmission. The selection can be selected according to the actual production of the oil well.
  • the overhead tower type CNC pumping of the present invention The sprocket on the machine can adopt two sets of sprocket.
  • the sprocket with different diameters can be selected on the two sets of sprocket.
  • Different gear ratios can be realized by matching different sprocket, which can meet the requirements of not using high-power motor to unload the load.
  • the requirement of the load can also fulfill the requirement of the stroke stroke during the pumping;
  • the balance weight box of the overhead tower type digital pumping unit of the invention adopts the multi-stage adjustable weight of the main and multi-stage auxiliary weights, according to the pumping amount
  • the change with the power system adjusts the weight to achieve a low-cost and efficient working state.
  • the advantages of the overhead tower type digital pumping unit of the present invention compared with the prior art are: simple structure, low cost, few failure points, easy maintenance, and is suitable for various oil working conditions, transmission efficiency High, low energy consumption;
  • the power system, transmission system and control system can be installed on the tower, and it also has excellent flood protection, dustproof and anti-theft performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of an overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic structural view of a transmission system of a first embodiment of an overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a guide wheel mechanism of an overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a first embodiment of a overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a transmission system of a second embodiment of a top-mounted tower type numerical control pumping unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a second embodiment of a transmission system and a guide wheel of a top-mounted tower type numerically controlled pumping unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a transmission system of a third embodiment of the overhead tower type numerically controlled pumping unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the sprocket K and the crucible.
  • the overhead tower type numerically controlled pumping unit shown in FIG. 1 is the first embodiment of the present invention, including a tower 1, a power system 2, a transmission system, a control system 3, a balance weight box 4, and a counterweight positioning rope. 5.
  • the balance weight box 4 is provided with a main weight box 31 and a multi-stage sub-weight box 32.
  • the multi-stage sub-weight box 32 is installed in the main weight box 31.
  • the hooks 33 on both sides are hooked on the main weight box 31, and the main weight box 31 and the multi-stage auxiliary weight 32 are internally filled with cement, sand and iron, and the total weight of the multi-stage auxiliary weights is lower than that of the main weight box. 10% of the total weight, the staff can adjust the weight of the balance weight box 4 according to the actual load condition of the sucker rod 7, so that the sucker rod 7 and the counterweight are in a relatively balanced working state, thereby reducing the power system 2 and Transmission system energy Consumption.
  • the transmission system includes a transmission belt 9, a small belt sprocket 10, a large belt sprocket 11, a transmission shaft 12, a pinion gear 13, a large gear 14 and a sheave shaft 15, and the output of the power system 2 is mounted.
  • the small belt sprocket 10, the small belt sprocket 10 drives the large belt sprocket 11 through the belt 9
  • the small belt sprocket 10 is provided with a sprocket F inside
  • the large belt sprocket 11 is provided with a sprocket G, a sprocket F and a G
  • the drive chain 30 is equipped with a transmission chain 30.
  • the large belt sprocket 11 is fixedly mounted on one end of the transmission shaft 12, and the other end of the transmission shaft 12 is fixedly mounted with a pinion 13 which is mounted on the transmission shaft bracket 17 through a pair of bearings A, small
  • the gear 13 meshes with the large gear 14, and the large gear 14 is fixedly mounted on the sheave 16 by a pin 18.
  • the inside of the sheave 16 is provided with a sheave shaft 15 through a pair of bearings B, and the two ends of the sheave shaft 15 are respectively fixed.
  • Seat 20 on the shaft, the shaft base 20 is fixed on the platform 8.
  • the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit further includes a guide wheel mechanism, and the guide wheel mechanism includes a guide wheel bracket 21, a guide rod 22, a rotating shaft 23, a guide wheel clamp 24 and a guide wheel 25, and is guided.
  • the guide wheel mechanism includes a guide wheel bracket 21, a guide rod 22, a rotating shaft 23, a guide wheel clamp 24 and a guide wheel 25, and is guided.
  • the wheel bracket 21 is fixedly mounted on the side of the operating platform 8 near the sheave 16 by the adjustable screw 26, and the guide rod 22-end is mounted on the guide wheel bracket 21 by the detachable screw 27, and the worker can change the adjustable screw 26 by
  • the mounting position adjusts the distance of the guide rod 22 from the tower 1, so that the sucker rod 7 and the wellhead are centered, and the rotating shaft 23 passes through the connecting portion of the guiding rod 22 and the guide wheel bracket 21, and the rotating shaft 23 One end is fixed in the guide rod 22, and the other end is mounted in the guide wheel bracket 21 through the bearing C.
  • the free end of the guide rod 22 is provided with a guide wheel clamp 24, and the guide wheel clamp 24 is provided with a guide wheel 25, which is required for workover
  • the sucker rod 7 is disengaged from the driving rope 6, and then the guiding wheel 25 is swung away from the wellhead.
  • the worker only needs to loosen the detachable screw 27, and the guiding rod 22 can swing to the both sides with the rotating shaft 23 as the center.
  • the guide wheel 25 leaves the center of the wellhead.
  • the sheave 16 has two sets of fixing holes 28, 29, and one end of the weight positioning rope 5 is fixed on one of the fixing holes 28, and one end of the driving rope 6 is fixed at On the other set of fixing holes 29, the weight positioning rope 5 and the driving rope 6 are wound on the sheave 16 in the opposite direction, and the free end of the weight positioning rope 5 is connected to the balance weight box 4 through the suspension D, and the freedom of the driving rope 6
  • the end of the guide wheel 25 is connected to the sucker rod 7, and the operating platform 8 on both sides of the guide wheel bracket 21 is respectively provided with a pull rod 34.
  • the upper end of the pull rod 34 is respectively provided with a fixed pulley 35, and the guide wheel clamp 24 is respectively A pair of pull hooks 36 are disposed on the side, and a wire rope 37 is fixed on the pull hook 36.
  • the other end of the wire rope 37 is fixed on the operation platform 8 around the fixed pulley 35.
  • the wire rope 37 functions to lift the guide rod 22 to prevent the guide rod 22 from being loaded. Deformation occurs in the case of large or vibration.
  • the working process of the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the present invention is briefly described as follows:
  • the operator operates the control system 3 under the tower 1 using a wireless or wired remote controller, and the control system 3 drives the power system 2 to have regular positive and negative directions.
  • Rotating alternately, and adjusting the rotational speed of the power system 2 driving the large belt sprocket 11 through the small belt sprocket 10, thereby driving the pinion 13 coaxial with the large belt sprocket 11, and the pinion 13 drives the large gear 14 meshing therewith,
  • the driving sheave 16 rotates regularly and positively and reversely, so that the sucker rod 7 and the balance weight box 4 reciprocate up and down.
  • the balance weight box 4 stores the potential energy upward, and when the sucker rod 7 goes up, the balance is balanced.
  • the counterweight box 4 releases the potential energy down, which greatly reduces the energy consumption during the oil production work.
  • the overhead tower type numerically controlled pumping unit shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is a second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that the small belt sprocket 10 is replaced by a sprocket J, K. And the large belt sprocket 11, the ring gear 214 is used to replace the large gear 14, the sprocket J is mounted at the output end of the power system 202, the sprocket J drives the sprocket K through the chain 230, and the sprocket is fixedly mounted at one end of the transmission shaft 212.
  • the other end of the transmission shaft 212 is fixedly equipped with a pinion 213, and the transmission shaft 212 is mounted on the transmission shaft bracket 217 through a pair of bearing cymbals, and the ring gear 214 is fixedly mounted on the outer middle portion of the sheave 216, and the sheave 216 passes through a pair of bearings.
  • I is mounted on the sheave shaft 215, and both ends of the sheave shaft 215 are respectively fixed to the shaft seat 220.
  • the shaft seat 220 is fixed on the operating platform 208, and the pinion gear 213 is meshed with the ring gear 214.
  • the operating platform 208 is provided with two sets of guiding wheel mechanisms.
  • the two ends of the sheave 216 are respectively wound around a set of driving ropes 206.
  • One end of the two sets of driving wires 206 is fixedly connected to the sheave 216, and the other end respectively bypasses the corresponding guiding wheel.
  • the guide wheel 225 on the mechanism is connected to
  • FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the overhead tower type digital pumping unit transmission system of the present invention, which differs from the second embodiment in that the ring gear 214 is replaced by a sprocket, and the output of the power system 302 is shown.
  • the sprocket L is fixed to the end, and the sprocket L drives the sprocket M through the chain 330.
  • the sprocket M is fixedly mounted on the outer middle portion of the sheave 316.
  • the sheave 316 is mounted on the sheave shaft 315 via a pair of bearings N, and the sheave shaft 315 Both ends are fixed to the shaft base 320, respectively.
  • the sprocket K and the cymbal in the above two embodiments may use two sets of sprocket as shown in FIG. 8, and the two sets of sprocket are equipped with a large sprocket and a small sprocket, wherein the chain
  • the diameter of the large sprocket of the rim is 2 of the diameter of the small sprocket Or 3 times
  • the large sprocket diameter of the sprocket M is 1.5 times the diameter of the small sprocket
  • the chain is connected to the sprocket of different sizes, and the transmission ratio of the rotating mechanism can be adjusted.
  • the power system of the overhead tower type numerical control pumping unit of the invention adopts a permanent magnet synchronous braking motor, and the control system can be installed in the permanent magnet synchronous braking motor.
  • the overhead tower type digital pumping unit of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, stable performance, low energy consumption and high efficiency, which will replace the beam pumping unit and become the main model in the oil exploitation equipment. Has a great market prospect and strong industrial applicability.

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Description

顶置塔架式数控抽油机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石油开采机械设备， 特别是涉及一种顶置塔架式数控抽油机。
背景技术
目前， 石油开采行业使用的石油开采机械设备多种多样， 其中最为成熟的机种为游梁式 抽油机， 游梁式抽油机由于其结构庞大笨重、 能耗大、 效率低、 维护调整不方便等缺点已开 始逐步被塔架式抽油机所取代， 但是现在所使用的塔架式抽油机大多还是采用减速机减速的 传动形式， 这种抽油机的电机经过联轴器和减速机连接， 大齿轮、 天轮和卷扬轮相互固定， 并通过轴承安装在天轮轴上， 天轮轴用天轮轴紧固器紧固。 在抽油工作时， 电机通过联轴器 带动减速机运转， 与减速机输出轴相连的小齿轮和大齿轮啮合， 从而使与大齿轮紧固在一起 的天轮有规律地正、 反向旋转， 带动抽油杆上下往复运动。 由于减速器中传动齿轮机构制造 难度较大、 成本较高， 并且在运行中齿轮间啮合的运转会产生很大的噪音， 减速机中漏油的 现象也经常出现， 维护较频繁。 现在还有一种抽油机采用无齿轮电机直驱方式， 由于没有减 速机或只有一级皮带减速， 虽然克服了减速机传动的原有缺点， 但是电机直驱方式使成本加 大了 5-10倍， 同时， 只用一级皮带减速产生了动力不足， 皮带寿命短等缺陷。 因此， 有必要 开发一种新型的抽油机， 克服上述抽油机不足之处。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种结构简单， 成本低廉， 性能稳定， 适应范围广的顶 置塔架式数控抽油机。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 包括塔架、 动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统、 平衡配重 箱、 配重定位绳、 绳轮、 驱动绳和悬绳器， 其中所述动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统和绳轮 安装在塔架顶部的操作平台上， 所述控制系统与动力系统连接， 控制系统控制动力系统的换 向位置和转速， 所述动力系统通过传动系统与绳轮传动连接， 所述顶置塔架式数控抽油机还 包括导向轮机构， 所述导向轮机构包括导向轮支架， 导向杆、 转轴、 导向轮夹具和导向轮， 所述导向轮支架通过可调螺丝固定安装在操作平台靠近绳轮的一侧， 所述导向杆一端通过可 拆卸螺丝安装在导向轮支架上， 所述转轴穿过导向杆和导向轮支架的连接部分， 转轴一端固 定在导向杆内， 另一端通过轴承 c安装在导向轮支架内， 所述导向杆的自由端装有导向轮夹 具， 导向轮夹具上装有导向轮， 所述绳轮上开有若干固定孔， 所述配重定位绳的一端固定在 其中一组固定孔上， 所述驱动绳的一端固定在另一组固定孔上， 所述配重定位绳和驱动绳反 方向缠绕在绳轮上， 所述配重定位绳的自由端通过悬绳器 D连接平衡配重箱， 所述驱动绳的 自由端绕过导向轮， 通过悬绳器 E连接抽油杆。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述传动系统包括传动带、 小皮带链轮、 大皮带链 轮、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 大齿轮和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与小皮带链轮固定连接， 所 述小皮带链轮通过传动带带动大皮带链轮， 所述大皮带链轮固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所述 传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一对轴承 A安装在传动轴支架上， 所述小齿轮 与大齿轮相啮合， 所述大齿轮通过销钉固定安装在绳轮上， 所述绳轮内部通过一对轴承 B装 有绳轮轴， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平上。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述小皮带链轮内侧设有链齿 F， 所述大皮带链轮 内侧设有链齿 G， 所述链齿 F和 G上装有传动链条。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机，其中所述传动系统包括链轮 J、链轮 K、传动轴、小齿轮、 齿圈和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与链轮 J固定连接， 所述链轮 J通过链条带动链轮 K， 所述链轮 Κ固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所述传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一 对轴承 Η安装在传动轴支架上， 所述齿圈固定安装在绳轮的外侧中部， 所述绳轮通过一对轴 承 I安装在绳轮轴上， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平上， 所 述小齿轮与齿圈相啮合。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述链轮 J、 K都采用两组链轮， 所述链轮 J的两组 链轮由大小一样的链轮组成， 所述链轮 K的两组链轮由大小不一样的链轮组成， 其中大链轮 的直径是小链轮直径的 2或 3倍。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述传动系统包括链轮 L、 链轮 M和绳轮轴， 所述 动力系统的输出端与链轮 L固定连接， 所述链轮 L通过链条带动链轮 M， 所述链轮 M固定安 装在绳轮的外侧中部， 所述绳轮通过一对轴承 N安装在绳轮轴上， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固 定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平上。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述链轮 L、 M都采用两组链轮， 所述链轮 L的两组 链轮由大小一样的链轮组成， 所述链轮 M的两组链轮由大小不一样的链轮组成， 其中大链轮 的直径是小链轮直径的 1. 5倍。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中安装在操作平台上的导向轮机构为两组， 所述绳轮 的两端分别复绕一组驱动绳， 所述两组驱动绳的一端固定连接在绳轮上， 另一端分别绕过相 应的导向轮机构上的导向轮与悬绳器 E' 相连接。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述平衡配重箱设有主配重箱和多级副配重块， 所 述多级副配重块通过安装在主配重箱两侧的挂钩挂接在主配重箱上， 所述主配重箱和多级副 配重块内部装有水泥、 砂和铁， 所述多级副配重块的总重量低于主配重箱的总重量的 10%。 本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述导向轮支架两侧的操作平台上分别装有拉杆， 所述拉杆上端分别装有定滑轮， 所述导向轮夹具两侧设有一对拉钩， 所述拉钩上固定有钢丝 绳， 所述钢丝绳的另一端绕过定滑轮固定在操作平台上。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述动力系统为永磁同步制动电机。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其中所述控制系统设置在永磁同步制动电机内部。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机与现有技术的不同之处在于本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机 的传动系统淘汰了减速机，利用几种简单的传动形式使整个顶置数控抽油机在结构上更简单、 成本更低、 运行更稳定、 噪音更小， 本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机的导向轮利用一个转动轴 固定在操作平台上， 便于工作人员在修井时将导向轮移动至两侧。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机的传动系统通过皮带、 链条或皮带和链条的组合将动力经 过第一级减速传递给传动轴， 然后再通过一对齿轮经过第二级减速带动绳轮轴， 从而带动复 绕固定在绳轮上的驱动绳和配重定位绳， 使抽油杆和平衡配重箱上下运动完成采油工作； 采 用链条或者皮带和链条的组合进行第一级减速传动的优点在于减少动力损失， 在大负载的情 况下保持较高的工作效率， 在环境敏感区域使用时可以减少噪音； 本发明顶置塔架式数控抽 油机上用于带动绳轮转动的齿圈或链轮固定安装在绳轮的中部， 使主轴和复绕在绳轮两端的 驱动绳在整个运转过程中受力均衡， 也使整个操作平台上的设备更加紧凑， 重心更加平稳； 同时， 将齿轮改为齿圈， 缩小操作平台的面积也使整套抽油机的成本有所降低； 本发明顶置 塔架式数控抽油机的传动机构既可以是由传动轴、 链轮和齿轮构成的两级组合传动， 也可以 是由链条直接驱动绳轮上的链轮构成一级组合传动， 两级组合传动的顶置塔架式数控抽油机 所能承受的负载要大于一级组合传动的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 选型时可以根据油井的实际 产量来进行选择搭配； 本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机上的链轮都可以采用两组链轮， 两组链 轮上可以选择直径大小不一的链轮， 通过搭配不同的链轮实现不同的传动比， 既满足了不用 大功率电机卸载荷时大负载的需要， 也能完成抽油时冲程冲次的要求； 本发明顶置塔架式数 控抽油机的平衡配重箱采用主、 多级副配重块多级可调配重， 根据抽油量的变化配合动力系 统调整配重， 达到低耗高效的工作状态。
综上所述， 本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机与现有技术相比的优点在于： 结构简单、 成本 低， 故障点少、 便于维护， 适用于各种采油工况条件， 传动效率高， 能耗小； 另外， 由于具 有维护方便的特点， 就可以将动力系统、 传动系统和控制系统安装在塔架之上， 还具有极佳 的防洪、 防尘、 防盗性能。
下面结合附图对本发明的顶置塔架式数控抽油机作进一步说明。
附图说明
图 1为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机第一种实施方式的主视图； 图 2为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机第一种实施方式的传动系统的结构示意图； 图 3为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机导向轮机构的结构示意图；
图 4为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机第一种实施方式的俯视图；
图 5为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机第二种实施方式的传动系统的结构示意图； 图 6 为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机第二种实施方式传动系统和导向轮机构图的主视 图；
图 7为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机第三种实施方式的传动系统的结构示意图； 图 8为链轮 K、 Μ的另一种实施方式结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图 1所示的顶置塔架式数控抽油机为本发明的第一种实施方式， 包括塔架 1、 动力系 统 2、 传动系统、 控制系统 3、 平衡配重箱 4、 配重定位绳 5、 驱动绳 6和悬绳器， 其中动力 系统 2、 传动系统、 控制系统 3安装在塔架 1顶部的操作平台 8上， 工作人员可以通过控制 系统 3的无线或有线控制器在塔架 1下面对整个顶置塔架式数控抽油机进行控制操作， 平衡 配重箱 4设有主配重箱 31和多级副配重块 32， 多级副配重块 32通过安装在主配重箱 31两 侧的挂钩 33挂接在主配重箱 31上， 主配重箱 31和多级副配重块 32内部装有水泥、砂和铁， 多级副配重块的总重量低于主配重箱的总重量的 10%， 工作人员可以根据抽油杆 7实际的负 载情况， 调节平衡配重箱 4的重量， 使抽油杆 7和配重处于一种相对平衡的工作状态， 从而 降低动力系统 2和传动系统的能量消耗。
如图 2和图 4所示，传动系统包括传动带 9、小皮带链轮 10、大皮带链轮 11、传动轴 12、 小齿轮 13、 大齿轮 14和绳轮轴 15， 动力系统 2输出端装有小皮带链轮 10， 小皮带链轮 10 通过传动带 9带动大皮带链轮 11， 小皮带链轮 10内侧设有链齿 F， 大皮带链轮 11内侧设有 链齿 G， 链齿 F和 G上装有传动链条 30， 当负载较小或工作环境对噪音较敏感时， 可以只选 择皮带进行传动， 当负载较大时， 可以选择链条或者皮带和链条的组合进行传动， 链条传动 保证了抽油机卸载时不打滑， 大皮带链轮 11固定安装在传动轴 12的一端， 传动轴 12的另一 端固定装有小齿轮 13， 传动轴 12通过一对轴承 A安装在传动轴支架 17上， 小齿轮 13与大 齿轮 14相啮合， 大齿轮 14通过销钉 18固定安装在绳轮 16上， 绳轮 16内部通过一对轴承 B 装有绳轮轴 15， 绳轮轴 15的两端分别固定在轴座 20上， 轴座 20固定在操作平台 8上。
如图 3和图 4所示， 顶置塔架式数控抽油机还包括导向轮机构， 导向轮机构包括导向轮 支架 21， 导向杆 22、 转轴 23、 导向轮夹具 24和导向轮 25， 导向轮支架 21通过可调螺丝 26 固定安装在操作平台 8靠近绳轮 16的一侧，导向杆 22—端通过可拆卸螺丝 27安装在导向轮 支架 21上，工作人员可以通过改变可调螺丝 26的安装位置来调整导向杆 22伸出塔架 1的距 离， 使抽油杆 7和井口对中， 转轴 23穿过导向杆 22和导向轮支架 21的连接部分， 转轴 23 一端固定在导向杆 22内， 另一端通过轴承 C安装在导向轮支架 21内， 导向杆 22的自由端装 有导向轮夹具 24， 导向轮夹具 24上装有导向轮 25， 当修井时， 需要将抽油杆 7从驱动绳 6 上卸开， 然后将导向轮 25摆离井口， 工作人员只需要将可拆卸螺丝 27松开， 导向杆 22就能 以转轴 23为中心向两侧摆动， 带动导向轮 25离开井口中心。
如图 1、 图 2和图 4所示， 绳轮 16上开有两组固定孔 28、 29， 配重定位绳 5的一端固定 在其中一组固定孔 28上， 驱动绳 6的一端固定在另一组固定孔 29上， 配重定位绳 5和驱动 绳 6反方向缠绕在绳轮 16上， 配重定位绳 5的自由端通过悬绳器 D连接平衡配重箱 4， 驱动 绳 6的自由端绕过导向轮 25， 通过悬绳器 E连接抽油杆 7， 导向轮支架 21两侧的操作平台 8 上分别装有拉杆 34， 拉杆 34上端分别装有定滑轮 35， 导向轮夹具 24两侧设有一对拉钩 36， 拉钩 36上固定有钢丝绳 37， 钢丝绳 37的另一端绕过定滑轮 35固定在操作平台 8上， 钢丝 绳 37起到提拉导向杆 22的作用， 防止导向杆 22在负载较大或者震动的情况下发生变形。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机的工作过程简述如下： 操作人员在塔架 1下使用无线或有 线遥控器操作控制系统 3， 控制系统 3驱动动力系统 2有规律的正、 反向交替转动， 以及调 节动力系统 2的转速， 通过小皮带链轮 10带动大皮带链轮 11， 从而驱动与大皮带链轮 11共 轴的小齿轮 13， 小齿轮 13带动与其啮合的大齿轮 14， 同时驱动绳轮 16有规律的交替正反转 动， 使抽油杆 7和平衡配重箱 4上下往复运动， 抽油杆 7下行时， 平衡配重箱 4上行储存势 能， 抽油杆 7上行时， 平衡配重箱 4下行释放势能， 大幅度降低采油工作时的能量消耗。
如图 5和图 6所示的顶置塔架式数控抽油机为本发明的第二种实施方式， 其与第一种实 施方式的区别在于用链轮 J、 K代替小皮带链轮 10和大皮带链轮 11， 用齿圈 214代替大齿轮 14， 链轮 J安装在动力系统 202的输出端， 链轮 J通过链条 230带动链轮 K， 链轮 Κ固定安 装在传动轴 212的一端， 传动轴 212的另一端固定装有小齿轮 213， 传动轴 212通过一对轴 承 Η安装在传动轴支架 217上， 齿圈 214固定安装在绳轮 216的外侧中部， 绳轮 216通过一 对轴承 I安装在绳轮轴 215上， 绳轮轴 215的两端分别固定在轴座 220上， 轴座 220固定在 操作平台 208上， 小齿轮 213与齿圈 214相啮合。 操作平台 208上装有两组导向轮机构， 绳 轮 216的两端分别复绕一组驱动绳 206， 两组驱动绳 206的一端固定连接在绳轮 216上， 另 一端分别绕过相应的导向轮机构上的导向轮 225， 并与悬绳器 E' 连接。
如图 7所示为本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机传动系统的第三种实施方式， 其与第二种实 施方式的区别在于用链轮 Μ代替齿圈 214， 动力系统 302的输出端固定装有链轮 L， 链轮 L通 过链条 330带动链轮 M， 链轮 M固定安装在绳轮 316的外侧中部， 绳轮 316通过一对轴承 N 安装在绳轮轴 315上， 绳轮轴 315的两端分别固定在轴座 320上。
根据实际情况的需要， 上述两种实施方式中的链轮 K、 Μ都可以选用如图 8所示的两组链 轮， 两组链轮上装有一个大链轮和一个小链轮， 其中链轮 Κ的大链轮直径是小链轮直径的 2 或 3倍， 链轮 M的大链轮直径是小链轮直径的 1. 5倍， 将链条连接在不同大小的链轮上， 可 以调整转动机构的传动比。
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机的动力系统都采用永磁同步制动电机， 并且可以将控制系 统安装在永磁同步制动电机内。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述， 并非对本发明的范围进行 限定， 在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下， 本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的 各种变形和改进， 均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
工业实用性
本发明顶置塔架式数控抽油机依靠其结构简单、 成本低、 性能稳定、 能耗小、 效率高等 优点必将取代游梁式抽油机， 成为石油开采设备中的主要机型， 因此具有很大的市场前景和 很强的工业实用性。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 包括塔架、 动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统、 平衡配重 箱、 配重定位绳、 绳轮、 驱动绳和悬绳器， 其特征在于： 所述动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系 统和绳轮安装在塔架顶部的操作平台上， 所述控制系统与动力系统连接， 控制系统控制动力 系统的换向位置和转速， 所述动力系统通过传动系统与绳轮传动连接， 所述顶置塔架式数控 抽油机还包括导向轮机构， 所述导向轮机构包括导向轮支架， 导向杆、 转轴、 导向轮夹具和 导向轮， 所述导向轮支架通过可调螺丝固定安装在操作平台靠近绳轮的一侧， 所述导向杆一 端通过可拆卸螺丝安装在导向轮支架上， 所述转轴穿过导向杆和导向轮支架的连接部分， 转 轴一端固定在导向杆内， 另一端通过轴承 c安装在导向轮支架内， 所述导向杆的自由端装有 导向轮夹具， 导向轮夹具上装有导向轮， 所述绳轮上开有若干固定孔， 所述配重定位绳的一 端固定在其中一组固定孔上， 所述驱动绳的一端固定在另一组固定孔上， 所述配重定位绳和 驱动绳反方向缠绕在绳轮上， 所述配重定位绳的自由端通过悬绳器 D连接平衡配重箱， 所述 驱动绳的自由端绕过导向轮， 通过悬绳器 E连接抽油杆。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述传动系统包括传动 带、 小皮带链轮、 大皮带链轮、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 大齿轮和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端 与小皮带链轮固定连接， 所述小皮带链轮通过传动带带动大皮带链轮， 所述大皮带链轮固定 安装在传动轴的一端， 所述传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一对轴承 A安装在 传动轴支架上， 所述小齿轮与大齿轮相啮合， 所述大齿轮通过销钉固定安装在绳轮上， 所述 绳轮内部通过一对轴承 B装有绳轮轴， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定 在操作平上。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述小皮带链轮内侧设 有链齿 F， 所述大皮带链轮内侧设有链齿 G， 所述链齿 F和 G上装有传动链条。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述传动系统包括链轮 J、 链轮 K、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 齿圈和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与链轮 J固定连接， 所 述链轮 J通过链条带动链轮 K， 所述链轮 Κ固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所述传动轴的另一端 固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一对轴承 Η安装在传动轴支架上， 所述齿圈固定安装在绳轮的 外侧中部， 所述绳轮通过一对轴承 I安装在绳轮轴上， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平台上， 所述小齿轮与齿圈相啮合。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述链轮 J、 K都采用 两组链轮， 所述链轮 J的两组链轮由大小一样的链轮组成， 所述链轮 K的两组链轮由大小不 一样的链轮组成， 其中大链轮的直径是小链轮直径的 2或 3倍。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述传动系统包括链轮 L、链轮 M和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与链轮 L固定连接， 所述链轮 L通过链条带动链 轮 M， 所述链轮 M固定安装在绳轮的外侧中部， 所述绳轮通过一对轴承 N安装在绳轮轴上， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平上。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述链轮^ M都采用 两组链轮， 所述链轮 L的两组链轮由大小一样的链轮组成， 所述链轮 M的两组链轮由大小不 一样的链轮组成， 其中大链轮的直径是小链轮直径的 1. 5倍。
8、 根据权利要求 4至 7所述之一的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 安装在操作平 台上的导向轮机构为两组， 所述绳轮的两端分别复绕一组驱动绳， 所述两组驱动绳的一端固 定连接在绳轮上， 另一端分别绕过相应的导向轮机构上的导向轮与悬绳器 E' 相连接。
9、 根据权利要求 1至 7所述之一的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述平衡配重 箱设有主配重箱和多级副配重块， 所述多级副配重块通过安装在主配重箱两侧的挂钩挂接在 主配重箱上， 所述主配重箱和多级副配重块内部装有水泥、 砂和铁， 所述多级副配重块的总 重量低于主配重箱的总重量的 10%。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述导向轮支架两侧 的操作平台上分别装有拉杆， 所述拉杆上端分别装有定滑轮， 所述导向轮夹具两侧设有一对 拉钩， 所述拉钩上固定有钢丝绳， 所述钢丝绳的另一端绕过定滑轮固定在操作平台上。
11、 根据权利要求 8所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述平衡配重箱设有 主配重箱和多级副配重块， 所述多级副配重块通过安装在主配重箱两侧的挂钩挂接在主配重 箱上， 所述主配重箱和多级副配重块内部装有水泥、 砂和铁， 所述多级副配重块的总重量低 于主配重箱的总重量的 10%。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述导向轮支架两侧 的操作平台上分别装有拉杆， 所述拉杆上端分别装有定滑轮， 所述导向轮夹具两侧设有一对 拉钩， 所述拉钩上固定有钢丝绳， 所述钢丝绳的另一端绕过定滑轮固定在操作平台上。
13、 根据权利要求 10或 12所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述动力系统为 永磁同步制动电机。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的顶置塔架式数控抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述控制系统设置在 永磁同步制动电机内部。
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