WO2010061274A1 - Continuous mining - Google Patents
Continuous mining Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010061274A1 WO2010061274A1 PCT/IB2009/007556 IB2009007556W WO2010061274A1 WO 2010061274 A1 WO2010061274 A1 WO 2010061274A1 IB 2009007556 W IB2009007556 W IB 2009007556W WO 2010061274 A1 WO2010061274 A1 WO 2010061274A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- extraction
- drifts
- method useful
- continuous
- haulage
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/04—Transport of mined material in gravity inclines; in staple or inclined shafts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
- E21F13/066—Scraper chain conveyors
Definitions
- the present application for invention patent relates to a method of underground mining exploitation which allows for continuous ore extraction. Specifically, it relates to a mining method comprising rock pre-conditioning, as a way to prepare the rock to facilitate its response to caveability and fragmentation and then it relates to an ore material handling system whose main features are: simultaneous extraction from several draw points and haulage with stationary equipment towards main haulage systems. All theses processes are carried out continuously.
- Overall mining process comprises two major stages: rock fracturing and its subsequent haulage.
- the aim of the first stage is to transform the solid material - which is the natural state of ore deposit - into fragmented material, and the aim of the second stage is to haul such fragments to their final destination.
- ground breaking itself is a continuous process of fracturing and fragmentation that makes use of natural forces of gravity and tectonism to achieve its goal. This process occurs naturally as a consequence of the unbalance caused by the extraction of the produced fragments, i.e., each time an amount of fragmented material is drawn, a condition of instability is originated which produces more fracturing and fragmentation, thereby, more ground breaking.
- material handling which comprises extraction (loading) of ore available at points and its haulage to destination, occurs discreetly and intermittently; discreetly because the extraction is not simultaneously made from every point where ore is available, but rather from just a fraction of them; and intermittently because the extraction is made by wheel loaders working within a cycle which comprises: loading, traveling to dump, unloading and traveling back to load another bucketful.
- a cycle which comprises: loading, traveling to dump, unloading and traveling back to load another bucketful.
- such bucketful of ore extracted discreetly and intermittently is dumped into shafts which serve as silos - where it will be loaded again at intervals into rail wagons or trucks to be hauled to the surface. Then, the whole process is based on this discreet and intermittent hauling process, since the ground breaking depends on haulage. Therefore, in order to achieve an entirely new continuous process, a continuous material handling system is required.
- Continuous Mining comprises a stage of modifying the features of the rock mass where the ore deposit is located, the stage being called Pre-conditioning. At this stage, the extent of the rock mass fracturing is increased in situ, in order to obtain, in the following stage of caving, fragmented material in sizes which are compatible with continuous and automated material handling systems.
- Another main aspect of the preconditioning application is to guarantee that the rock breaking will occur at a constant rate and at the same rate as the extraction process.
- Continuous Mining is conceived as a highly mechanized and automated process which permits to make the most of the resources invested in equipment and infrastructure. The idea is that the mine operates 18 to 22 hours a day, 360 days a year, at full capacity and within an environment complying with high safety and hygiene standards.
- the Continuous Mining method is rather a mining process of continuous and permanent ore flow from the deposit to the treatment plant, which could be similar to a "rock factory" where at one end, in situ reserves are fed and at the other end "treated rocks" are obtained.
- the method relates mainly to the continuity of the ore flow from its natural location to its final destination, which can be described as a "flow" of ore which goes through a pipe-network or means of transport without interruptions.
- Continuous Mining also means of temporal continuity in the use of mine infrastructure.
- the equipment comprises rotary drills to weaken and fragment the rock mass but later loading equipment is used to carry the ore to the treatment plant.
- Patent RU2186980 describes a method comprising the exploitation of front faces as ore continuous fragmentation without pillars by driving drills on the work levels.
- Patent RU2182663 and RU 2148712 which generally describes that caving itself is a continuous process, but if no continuous extraction or loading process is added, this caving processes will became intermittent and discontinuous, which is precisely the solution proposed by the present invention.
- the method of the present invention comprises the design and construction of exploitation drifts or draw points arranged in such a way that the ore material extracted therefrom is driven to the ore haulage drifts.
- the construction of exploitation drifts takes into account that haulage drifts cross the center of two groups of exploitation drifts and subsequently through every group of exploitation drifts defined for the exploitation.
- service drifts should be constructed whose function is to allow personnel to reach the drift zone and service drifts when maintenance jobs and eventual failures are needed.
- haulage drifts have for example, belt or chain conveyors, endless and stationary, commonly called “Panzer” for its high resistance to hard works (movement of large, hard and abrasive rocks). The use of this kind of conveyors replaces typical mobile low height loaders or LHD used in conventional mining.
- An optional way of constructing drifts comprises the construction of a material transferring level located one level downward regarding to the level of exploitation drifts, and consequently, with regard to the level of trenches.
- This layout allows receiving simultaneously ore material from more than one trench or draw point and accumulating in the duct material falling from the trench; this duct is formed between the trench and transferring levels.
- by accumulating material in the aforementioned duct allows performing maintenance services in haulage drifts without stopping the exploitation process since the accumulated material can be unloaded afterwards.
- the method comprises the following stages:
- this stage is fundamental for the method's success and comprises modifying in situ rock quality, increasing the extent of fracturing until levels which confer rocks features similar to secondary rock mass.
- Pre-conditioning stage can be achieved by i) hydraulic fracturing, which is a technology known in applications of oil wells exploitation, where it is used to cause fractures which facilitate oil flow from wells, and in the case of metal mining, it generates fractures which facilitate the action of the natural stresses, both for generating caving and for improving granulometry; or by ii) confined blasting which is the combined action of several firings to fracture the rock mass.
- Primary rock is a highly competent rock mass and massive pre-conditioning or pre- treatment converts it on a material which is easy to cave and fragment by caving exploitation, which could be also called process of "secondarization" for primary ore.
- Another alternative is carrying out drilling pre-stimulation induced by propellant (solid fuel-based explosive) and then applying the hydraulic fracturing technology in order to propagate the fractures, the latter is a methodology used usually in oil wells.
- propellant solid fuel-based explosive
- this stage is the rock mass caving operation by undercutting the base of rock mass by means of known procedures of caving method in well-fragmented rock environment; and its application does not present any innovation for this purpose.
- induced fracturing in the previous stage (a) it is expected that most of fragments can be processed by the continuous extraction and haulage system.
- the layout of draw point that should be used will be defined by the rock fragmentation features. For instance, in sectors with fine fragmentation carried out by caving methods, a layout with close points with distances ranging from 8 to 11 meters is required. This point closeness condition, makes it necessary the drifts must be small, in order to maintain the stability of the sector.
- the known and extensively applied solutions in the world are the extraction with grizzlies and shafts or scrapers, which allow extracting from multiple points and collect the extracted product in haulage drifts.
- larger layouts with spacing ranging from 13 to 17 meters are used for primary rock sectors, with thick fragmentation. In the conventional system these layouts require using very large LHD equipment and it is not possible to make parallel extraction from those points.
- this stage is conceived as a simultaneous operation from multiple draw points arranged on a regular layouts at certain distances which are compatible with the interactive gravitational flow.
- each draw point is equipped with a stationary extraction unit which feeds a collecting system that conveys the ore to the haulage drift by continuous means that leads it to its destination.
- the extraction and haulage equipments have an automatic command- assisted by a remote driver operated from a control room as in any modern industry.
- crushers could be installed at the end of the collecting systems to produce in the mine the final feeding size for the plant.
- wheel loaders are not used because they are replaced by continuous loading systems.
- stationary "feeders" that unload continuous conveyors can be considered.
- the main haulage alternative used is a metal belt conveyor (panzer) in which the preliminary assessments show lower operation costs compared to the traditional raildrift haulage system.
- each loading system extracts ore from a set of draw points (generally 16 draw points per equipment) at the rate of 200 t/hour.
- draw points generally 16 draw points per equipment
- Approximately 250 m influence area is associated to each extraction point so a 16 point module comprises approximately 4,000 m 2 , thus in a maximum operation of 15 hours a day an extraction of 3,000 1 equivalent to 0.75 tpd/m 2 can be achieved.
- the extraction is made regularly, less than 200 t a day is drawn from each point which is equivalent to using less than one hour daily (let us remember that LHD can draw 200t/hour).
- Continuous Mining aims to improve these figures by increasing the use of extraction points to an average of 16 hours daily (two operation shifts and one maintenance shift) with a 40 t/hour production per stationary extractor.
- the achievable extraction rate in the caving propagation stage can reach 300 mm/day which is equivalent to approximately 0.8 tpd/m 2 and theoretically there are no limitations for the gravitational extraction stage post propagation except the extraction capacity, that in the invented system could reach rates above 3 tpd/m 2 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801530835A CN102264998A (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining |
EP09806186.4A EP2370673B1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Pre-conditioning for cave mining by fracturing |
MX2011005722A MX2011005722A (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining. |
AP2011005750A AP3679A (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining |
US13/132,180 US20120181844A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining |
RU2011124898/03A RU2011124898A (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | CONTINUOUS DRAWING |
AU2009321259A AU2009321259A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining |
CA2745066A CA2745066C (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining |
PL09806186T PL2370673T3 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Pre-conditioning for cave mining by fracturing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CL2008003560A CL2008003560A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | Method for the continuous extraction of mineral in underground works, destined for the permanent production of extraction from the points of exploitation, includes building exploitation galleries, in which the center defined by a group of galleries crosses a street to transport ore, and preconditioning of rock. |
CL3560-2008 | 2008-11-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010061274A1 true WO2010061274A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
Family
ID=42077378
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2009/007556 WO2010061274A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-25 | Continuous mining |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120181844A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2370673B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102264998A (en) |
AP (1) | AP3679A (en) |
AU (3) | AU2009321259A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2745066C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2008003560A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2011005722A (en) |
PE (1) | PE20120378A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2370673T3 (en) |
RU (2) | RU2011124898A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010061274A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102278114A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2011-12-14 | 长沙矿山研究院 | Stereo partition mass ore caving mining method |
EP3090968A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-09 | Caterpillar Global Mining Europe GmbH | Material handling system and method of operating the same |
CN115680761A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-02-03 | 山西冶金岩土工程勘察有限公司 | Multi-layer goaf subsection grouting treatment construction process |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014172799A1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-10-30 | Basualto Lira Guillermo | Reciprocal extractor-feeder for the extraction points in caving mining |
CN105545307A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 | Method for over-pit and under-pit cooperative control of roofs of far and near fields of extra-large stoping space |
CN109458180B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-07-14 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Mining method combined with underground warehouse construction and ventilation cooling system |
RU2712848C1 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-01-31 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики" (ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ") | Underground mining method of mineral deposits |
CN112031771B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-06-06 | 玉溪矿业有限公司 | Cutting groove pulling method with safe construction |
CN112414237B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-09-16 | 云南迪庆有色金属有限责任公司 | Method for treating over-hard surrounding rock by natural caving method |
CN113431581B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-02-22 | 中南大学 | Non-blasting mechanical intelligent mining method for deep hard rock ore body |
CN114233258A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-25 | 核工业二三O研究所 | Fracturing method for difficult-to-leach sandstone uranium deposit reservoir transformation |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2298599A (en) * | 1941-03-15 | 1942-10-13 | Mark A Smith | Block cave mining method and plant |
US4017121A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1977-04-12 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Longwall mining of trona with prefracturing to prevent slabbing |
US4279444A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1981-07-21 | Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. | Jetting out weak areas for forming an in situ oil shale retort |
US6123394A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-09-26 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Hydraulic fracturing of ore bodies |
RU2163968C2 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2001-03-10 | Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт им. Г.В. Плеханова (Технический университет) | Method of cover caving |
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US20060208555A1 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2006-09-21 | Dbt Gmbh | Method and device for extracting extraction products in underground mining |
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2008
- 2008-11-28 CL CL2008003560A patent/CL2008003560A1/en unknown
-
2009
- 2009-11-25 WO PCT/IB2009/007556 patent/WO2010061274A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-11-25 CN CN2009801530835A patent/CN102264998A/en active Pending
- 2009-11-25 RU RU2011124898/03A patent/RU2011124898A/en unknown
- 2009-11-25 PL PL09806186T patent/PL2370673T3/en unknown
- 2009-11-25 EP EP09806186.4A patent/EP2370673B1/en active Active
- 2009-11-25 AU AU2009321259A patent/AU2009321259A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-25 PE PE2011001116A patent/PE20120378A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-11-25 RU RU2015126488A patent/RU2702494C2/en active
- 2009-11-25 MX MX2011005722A patent/MX2011005722A/en unknown
- 2009-11-25 US US13/132,180 patent/US20120181844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-25 AP AP2011005750A patent/AP3679A/en active
- 2009-11-25 CA CA2745066A patent/CA2745066C/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-09-01 AU AU2016222451A patent/AU2016222451A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-04-18 AU AU2018202700A patent/AU2018202700A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US2298599A (en) * | 1941-03-15 | 1942-10-13 | Mark A Smith | Block cave mining method and plant |
US4017121A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1977-04-12 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Longwall mining of trona with prefracturing to prevent slabbing |
US4279444A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1981-07-21 | Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. | Jetting out weak areas for forming an in situ oil shale retort |
US6123394A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-09-26 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Hydraulic fracturing of ore bodies |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102278114A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2011-12-14 | 长沙矿山研究院 | Stereo partition mass ore caving mining method |
EP3090968A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-09 | Caterpillar Global Mining Europe GmbH | Material handling system and method of operating the same |
WO2016177460A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-10 | Caterpillar Global Mining Europe Gmbh | Material handling system and method of operating the same |
CN107709199A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-02-16 | 卡特彼勒环球矿业欧洲有限公司 | Materials conveying system and its operating method |
CN115680761A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-02-03 | 山西冶金岩土工程勘察有限公司 | Multi-layer goaf subsection grouting treatment construction process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120181844A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
RU2015126488A (en) | 2018-12-24 |
RU2015126488A3 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
AP3679A (en) | 2016-04-17 |
RU2702494C2 (en) | 2019-10-08 |
PL2370673T3 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
AU2018202700A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
EP2370673A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
RU2011124898A (en) | 2013-01-10 |
AU2016222451A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
CL2008003560A1 (en) | 2009-05-04 |
CN102264998A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
MX2011005722A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
CA2745066A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
CA2745066C (en) | 2018-10-23 |
EP2370673B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
AU2009321259A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
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