WO2010059903A1 - Procédés et systèmes de commande adaptative d'alimentation électrique utilisant des mesures de fonction de transfert - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes de commande adaptative d'alimentation électrique utilisant des mesures de fonction de transfert Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010059903A1
WO2010059903A1 PCT/US2009/065264 US2009065264W WO2010059903A1 WO 2010059903 A1 WO2010059903 A1 WO 2010059903A1 US 2009065264 W US2009065264 W US 2009065264W WO 2010059903 A1 WO2010059903 A1 WO 2010059903A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
signal
transfer function
computer readable
oscillator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/065264
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English (en)
Inventor
Stewart Kenly
Paul W. Latham Ii
Original Assignee
Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. filed Critical Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Priority to CN200980146424.6A priority Critical patent/CN102334076B/zh
Priority to DE112009003503T priority patent/DE112009003503T5/de
Publication of WO2010059903A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010059903A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/28—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the system of these teachings includes a stimulus source and signal measurement means.
  • the signal measurement means can include one or more correlators.
  • the stimulus source can include a source of basis functions.
  • the basis functions can be sinusoidal functions. Other instances of basis functions, such as, for example, but not limited to, square waves or Walsh functions, are also within the scope of these teachings.
  • the system of these teachings can also include a compensator component, one or more processors and computer usable media.
  • the computer usable media can include computer readable code embodied therein and the computer readable code can cause the one or more processors to process the results of the signal measurement means and adjust parameters of the compensator based on the processed results.
  • the system of these teachings can include simplified digital hardware to implement the functionality of transfer function measurement in a power supply.
  • Conventional components to implement the functionality of transfer function measurement are typically very expensive (typically in the range of US $10,000-30,000) and bulky.
  • These teachings can enable transfer function measurement functionality to be included in the power supply at a modest cost (in one instance less than one cent when implemented in deep sub micron CMOS).
  • the method of these teachings for measuring these unknown parameters is based on utilizing simplified hardware of these teachings to measure steady state transfer function characteristics. These transfer function characteristics can then be related by conventional techniques to the unknown parameters of system.
  • a switching power supply of the present teachings can include, but is not limited to including, a circuit including at least two reactive components.
  • the circuit can provide an output voltage and can be switched from one output voltage state to another output voltage state.
  • the system can further include a switching component.
  • the switching component can be operatively connected to switch the circuit between switching states.
  • the switching states can include both output voltage states.
  • the system can still further include a driver component operatively connected to drive the switching component in order to cause switching between two of the switching states, and a compensator component operatively connected to receive an input control signal and parameters, and to provide the switching states to the driver component.
  • the system can further include a signal generator providing sinusoidal basis signals having in phase and quadrature components as input to the switching power supply, and a correlator.
  • the correlator can receive basis signals from the signal generator, and can receive a power supply signal from the switching power supply.
  • the correlator can provide a correlation between the a power supply signal and one of the in-phase and quadrature components.
  • the system can also include a processor and a computer readable medium.
  • the computer readable medium can have a first computer readable code embodied therein causing the processor to obtain a transfer function based on the correlation, compute the parameters from the transfer function, and provide the parameters to the compensator.
  • the power supply signal can optionally include an output power supply signal or an output power supply signal and an input power supply signal.
  • the signal generator can optionally include an oscillator.
  • the oscillator can include, but is not limited to including, a table of values providing the in-phase components and quadrature components and a counter that is updated when the table is accessed.
  • the oscillator can access the values according to the updated counter.
  • the oscillator can generate the in-phase components and quadrature components based on forward and backward Euler integrators.
  • the correlator can include an accumulator that accumulates a product of two inputs.
  • the computer readable code can cause the processor to store the transfer function in the computer readable medium, and can recall the transfer function based on pre-selected conditions.
  • a controller for a system of the present teachings can include, but is not limited to including, a signal generator providing sinusoidal basis signals having in phase and quadrature components as input to the system, and a correlator.
  • the correlator can receive the basis signals from the signal generator and can receive a system signal from the system.
  • the correlator can provide a correlation between a system signal and one of the in- phase and quadrature components.
  • the controller can further include a processor and a computer readable medium having a first computer readable code embodied therein causing the processor to obtain a transfer function based on the correlation, to compute parameters from the transfer function, and to provide the parameters to the system.
  • the signal generator can include, but is not limited to including, an oscillator.
  • the oscillator can include, but is not limited to including, a table of values providing the in-phase components and quadrature components, and a counter that is updated when the table is accessed.
  • the oscillator can access the values according to the updated counter.
  • the oscillator can optionally generate in-phase components and quadrature components based on forward and backward Euler integrators.
  • the computer readable code can cause the processor to store the transfer function in the computer readable medium and recall the transfer function based on pre-selected conditions.
  • the correlator can include, but is not limited to including, an accumulator that accumulates a product of two inputs.
  • a method for obtaining parameters for adaptive control of a system can include, but is not limited to including, the step of providing, in a power supply, a multiplier component, an adder component, and a delay component to obtain a correlation between the system signal and one of in-phase and quadrature components of sinusoidal basis signals.
  • the method can further include the steps of obtaining transfer function characteristics based on the correlation, and obtaining the parameters based on the transfer function characteristics.
  • the system signal can optionally include an output system signal or an output system signal and an input system signal.
  • the method can optionally include the step of generating the basis signals by an oscillator.
  • the step of generating the basis signals can include, but is not limited to including, the steps of associating the in-phase and quadrature components of the basis signal with a table of values, updating a counter when the table is accessed, and accessing the values according to the updated counter.
  • the method can further optionally include the step of generating the in-phase and quadrature components based on forward and backward Euler integrators, storing the transfer function characteristics in a computer readable medium, and recalling the transfer function characteristics based on pre-selected conditions.
  • FIG. Ia is a schematic block diagram of a system of these teachings including a hardware digital generator for generating a stimulus signal;
  • FIG. Ib is a schematic block diagram of a system of these teachings including a table look-up oscillator to generate a sinusoidal basis function;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a system of these teachings including an oscillator generating a sinusoidal signal and its quadrature using forward and backward Euler integrators;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a digital correlator of the present teachings including an accumulator;
  • FIGs. 4a and 4b are schematic block diagrams of the system of these teachings in which four digital correlators are shown;
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic block diagram of a system of these teachings in which a possible partitioning between hardware and software is shown;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the method for capacitance extraction of these teachings.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an alternate method for capacitance extraction of these teachings.
  • the exemplary embodiment uses a buck converter topology.
  • the methods of these teachings are applicable to any generic converter of buck, boost, or buck-boost, forward, fly-back, SEPIC, cuk, or other type.
  • many switch states are possible.
  • the switch states are buck, boost, buck-boost, short across the inductor, and open.
  • the switch states are charging, discharging, and tri-state.
  • the method and systems of these teachings are also applicable to other systems such as, but not limited to, motor control systems.
  • the measurement is performed by injecting a signal into the power supply in a manner that stimulates the unknown power supply components.
  • the input and output of the power supply network is then measured.
  • the inputs and outputs of the power supply network under question are measured by using correlation.
  • the projections are the gains of the basis components at the basis functions frequency. This technique provides the averaging needed to reduce or effectively eliminate noise and load current sensitivity. To simplify the analysis of the measurements, it is possible to use a sinusoidal stimulation. (Sinusoids are eigenfunctions of linear systems and the input and outputs are then of the same form). Other inputs can be used, for example a square wave or Walsh functions. These can simplify the hardware at the expense of increased algorithmic complexity.
  • the system of these teachings can include, but is not limited to including, hardware digital generator 23 (also referred to as oscillator 23) that can generate a sinusoidal stimulus 45 to the external power supply network.
  • Correlators 19 can perform cross correlation between power supply network input and output terminals and sinusoid stimulus 45 and its quadrature.
  • Correlations 17, the output of correlators 19, represent the complex signals of the input and output signals.
  • the transfer function can be calculated as the ratio of the output signal to the input signal.
  • oscillator 23A can be used to generate the required sinusoidal and quadrature inputs.
  • Oscillator 23A can include, but is not limited to including, table 42 of values providing said in-phase components and quadrature components, and counter 41 that is updated when table 42 is accessed. Oscillator 23 A can access the values according to the updated counter. Oscillator 23A, can be implemented in a variety of ways, table 42 with sinusoidal values accessed cyclically by counter 41 being one of the ways.
  • a second method of generating a sinusoidal signal and its quadrature includes providing oscillator 23 B that generates in-phase components and quadrature components based on forward and backward Euler integrators.
  • the phases of the forward and backward integrators cancel, and this network rings at its resonant frequency with minimal damping.
  • the initial condition of the cosine integrator determines the peak amplitude.
  • the frequency of oscillation is determined by the gains.
  • the gain value should be the resonant frequency in rads/sec multiplied by the sampling period.
  • digital correlator 19 can be, in one instance, accumulator 43 that accumulates the product of its two inputs.
  • FIGs. 4a and 4b four digital correlators 19 (FIG. 4b) can be used.
  • One pair of correlators can be used to measure the input and another pair can be used to measure the output signal projections onto the two sinusoidal basis functions.
  • Oscillator 23 (FIG. 4a) and four digital correlators 19 (FIG. 4b) can be, but aren't limited to being, implemented in hardware.
  • the resulting four values 47 are then processed by complex division 49.
  • the division algorithm may either be implemented in hardware or in software.
  • the system processor that is responsible for mapping the measured parameters and the compensator gains also performs the division function.
  • the system can include a stimulus source, oscillator 23 (FIG. 4a), and signal measurement means, the four correlators 19 (FIG. 4b).
  • Other embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in FIG. Ia, can include at least one correlator.
  • the switching power supply of the present teachings can include, but is not limited to including a circuit including at least two reactive components.
  • the circuit can provide an output voltage and can be switched from one output voltage state 11 to another output voltage state 11.
  • the switching power supply can further include at least one switching component.
  • the switching component can be operatively connected to switch the circuit between at least two switching states 31.
  • Switching states 31 can include output voltage states 11.
  • the switching power supply can still further include driver component 12 operatively connected to drive the switching component in order to cause switching between switching states 31, and compensator component 29 that can be operatively connected to receive input control signal 33 and parameters 32, and can provide switching states 31 to driver component 12.
  • the switching power supply can even still further include signal generator 23 that can provide sinusoidal basis signals 21 having in phase and quadrature components as input to the switching power supply, and at least one correlator 19 that can receive basis signals 21 from signal generator 23.
  • Correlator 19 can receive power supply signal 25 from the switching power supply, and can provide at least one correlation 17 between power supply signal 25 and one of the in-phase and quadrature components.
  • the switching power supply can still further include processor 13, and computer readable medium 15 having computer readable code embodied therein causing processor 13 to obtain transfer function 38 based on correlation 17, compute parameters 32 from transfer function 38, and provide parameters 32 to compensator component 29.
  • Power supply signal 25 can optionally include an output power supply signal or an output power supply signal and an input power supply signal.
  • a controller for a system can include, but is not limited to including, signal generator 23 that provides sinusoidal basis signals 21 having in phase and quadrature components as input to the system, and correlator 19 that can receive basis signals 21 from signal generator 23.
  • Correlator 19 can receive system signal 25 from the system, and can provide correlation 17 between system signal 25 and one of the in-phase and quadrature components.
  • the controller can also include processor 13, and computer readable medium 15 that includes computer readable code that causes processor 13 to obtain transfer function 38 based on correlation 17, compute parameters 32 from transfer function 38, and provide parameters 32 to the system.
  • Signal generator 23 can optionally include oscillator 23A (FIG. Ib) that can include table 42 (FIG. Ib) of values providing the in-phase components and quadrature components, and counter 41 (FIG. Ib) that can be updated when table 42 (FIG. Ib) is accessed. Oscillator 23 A (FIG. Ib) can access the values according to the updated counter.
  • Signal generator 23 can also optionally include oscillator 23B (FIG. 2) that generates in-phase components and quadrature components based on forward and backward Euler integrators.
  • the computer readable code can optionally cause processor 13 to store transfer function 38 in computer readable medium 15, and recall transfer function 38 from computer readable medium 15 based on pre-selected conditions.
  • Correlator 19 can optionally include accumulator 43 (FIG. 3) accumulating a product of two inputs.
  • Oscillator 23 and correlators 19 can be implemented in hardware and the complex division can be implemented in system microprocessor 13.
  • System microprocessor 13 can then use resulting parameters 32 to adjust compensator 29. These adjustments can be made by using traditional closed loop analysis techniques that are implemented in the microprocessor 13. Alternatively, the result of these analysis techniques for different measurements can be stored in memory 15 and recalled based on capacitance or other measurements.
  • System 100 can include stimulus source basis signal 21 and signal measurement means correlators 19.
  • System 100 can also include processor 13 (shown here and referred to as a microprocessor) and computer usable medium (for example, memory 15) having computer readable code that causes processor 13 to process the results (for example, correlation 17) from the signal measurement means (correlators 19) in order to obtain parameters 32, and to provide those parameters 32 to compensator 29 in order to adjust compensator 29.
  • processor 13 shown here and referred to as a microprocessor
  • computer usable medium for example, memory 15
  • the processed results can be stored in computer usable medium (for example, memory 15) and the computer readable code causes processor 13 to recall the processed results based on predetermined conditions.
  • Each pair of correlators 19, for sinusoidal signals is:
  • the in phase and quadrature correlators are proportional to the complex signal amplitude.
  • the summing interval is chosen to be M cycles of the stimulus signal so the signals are orthogonal and the diagonal terms are zero. Since ratios are of interest (transfer function, impedance, etc.), the proportionality constant cancels.
  • a method for obtaining parameters 32 for adaptive control of a system can include, but is not limited to including, the step of providing, in a power supply, at least one multiplier component 61 (FIG. 3), at least one adder component 43 (FIG. 3), and at least one delay component 63 (FIG. 3) to obtain at least one correlation 19 of at least one system signal 25 with one of in-phase and quadrature components of sinusoidal basis signals 21.
  • the method can also include the steps of obtaining transfer function characteristics based on correlation 19, and obtaining parameters 32 based on the transfer function characteristics.
  • System signal 25 can optionally include an output system signal or an output system signal and an input system signal.
  • the method can optionally include the step of generating basis signals 21 by oscillator 23.
  • the step of generating basis signals 21 can include, but is not limited to including, the steps of associating the in-phase and quadrature components of basis signals 21 with table 42 (FIG. Ib) of values, updating counter 41 (FIG. Ib) when table 42 (FIG. Ib) is accessed, and accessing the values according to the updated counter.
  • the step of generating basis signals 21 can include, but is not limited to including, the step of generating the in-phase and quadrature components based on forward and backward Euler integrators.
  • the method can optionally include the steps of storing the transfer function characteristics in computer readable medium 15, and recalling the transfer function characteristics from computer readable medium 15 based on pre-selected conditions.
  • Capacitance 53 is given by:
  • Capacitance 53 is given by:
  • FIG. 4c Another embodiment of the system of these teachings can include a synthesizable digital logic description of the block diagrams in FIGs. 4a and 4b, excluding the complex division calculation.
  • the complex division calculations can be done in processor 13 (FIG. 4c).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et systèmes, utilisant un matériel numérique simplifié, pour mesurer les paramètres requis pour la commande d'un système (appelé installation) tel qu'une alimentation électrique ou un moteur. Dans un mode de réalisation, le système de mesure des paramètres souhaités comporte le matériel numérique simplifié pour mettre en œuvre la fonctionnalité de la mesure de la fonction de transfert dans l'installation.
PCT/US2009/065264 2008-11-21 2009-11-20 Procédés et systèmes de commande adaptative d'alimentation électrique utilisant des mesures de fonction de transfert WO2010059903A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200980146424.6A CN102334076B (zh) 2008-11-21 2009-11-20 利用转移函数测量电源自适应控制的方法和系统
DE112009003503T DE112009003503T5 (de) 2008-11-21 2009-11-20 Verfahren und Systeme für die adaptive Regelung einer Stromversorgung unter Nutzung vonÜbertragungsfunktionsmessungen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11689708P 2008-11-21 2008-11-21
US61/116,897 2008-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010059903A1 true WO2010059903A1 (fr) 2010-05-27

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US (1) US8344716B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102334076B (fr)
DE (1) DE112009003503T5 (fr)
TW (1) TW201031090A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010059903A1 (fr)

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US8564267B2 (en) * 2011-08-26 2013-10-22 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Multi-mode parameter analyzer for power supplies
US8901899B1 (en) * 2011-09-12 2014-12-02 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. DC to DC converter control systems and methods
US9658294B2 (en) * 2011-11-04 2017-05-23 Nxp Usa, Inc. Testing a switched mode supply with waveform generator and capture channel
DE102012106712A1 (de) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-30 Minebea Co., Ltd. Stabilisierung des Ausgangstroms einer Stromversorgung

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TW201031090A (en) 2010-08-16
US20100127681A1 (en) 2010-05-27
US8344716B2 (en) 2013-01-01
CN102334076A (zh) 2012-01-25
CN102334076B (zh) 2014-05-07
DE112009003503T5 (de) 2012-06-06

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