WO2010058602A1 - 水素生成装置及びそれを備える燃料電池システム - Google Patents
水素生成装置及びそれを備える燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010058602A1 WO2010058602A1 PCT/JP2009/006290 JP2009006290W WO2010058602A1 WO 2010058602 A1 WO2010058602 A1 WO 2010058602A1 JP 2009006290 W JP2009006290 W JP 2009006290W WO 2010058602 A1 WO2010058602 A1 WO 2010058602A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1614—Controlling the temperature
- C01B2203/1623—Adjusting the temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1685—Control based on demand of downstream process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31634—Next to cellulosic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator and a fuel cell system including the same, and more particularly to a device that performs a stop process when an abnormality of the hydrogen generator is detected.
- a fuel cell system capable of high-efficiency small-scale power generation is easy to build a system for using thermal energy generated during power generation.
- Development is progressing as a power generation system.
- fuel gas (hydrogen gas) and oxidant gas are supplied from the outside to the fuel cell, and electric power is generated by an electrochemical reaction between the supplied fuel gas and oxidant gas, and is generated by the reaction.
- This system recovers heat and stores it as hot water in a hot water storage tank, and effectively uses this hot water to supply heat to the outside.
- the hydrogen gas used for power generation is not provided with a general infrastructure for its supply facilities.
- a raw material obtained from existing infrastructure such as city gas and LPG is used as a reformer.
- Steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen-containing reformed gas, carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is sufficiently reduced by a transformer and purifier, and hydrogen production to produce fuel gas
- the apparatus is provided in the fuel cell.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a hydrogen generation device in which a cooling operation of the hydrogen generation device is executed in accordance with a situation when a stop process is executed, and a fuel cell system including the hydrogen generation device. For the purpose.
- a hydrogen generator includes a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials, a combustor that heats the reformer, Combustion air supply device that supplies combustion air to the combustor, an abnormality detector that detects an abnormality, and an abnormality stop process in which an abnormality is detected and executed by the abnormality detector are performed more than the normal stop process. And a controller for controlling the combustion air supply device so that the cooling amount of the reformer is increased.
- the amount of cooling of the hydrogen generator increases more than the normal stop process, so that the temperature of the hydrogen generator is reduced and the shift can be quickly performed by maintenance work.
- the controller operates the combustion air supply unit so that the amount of cooling of the reformer is greater during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process. You may control at least any one of time and the operation amount.
- the controller may permit the start of operation when the temperature of the reformer is higher during the normal stop process than during the abnormal stop process.
- the controller forcibly increases the operation amount larger than the operation amount of the combustion air supplier during the rated operation of the hydrogen generator during the abnormal stop process. You may let them.
- the hydrogen generator according to the present invention includes a replacement gas supplier that supplies a replacement gas to the reformer, and the controller is configured to perform the replacement gas earlier in the abnormal stop process than in the normal stop process.
- the replacement gas supply unit may be controlled to start the purge operation of the reformer.
- the hydrogen generation apparatus further includes a gas supply unit that supplies gas to the reformer, and the hydrogen generation apparatus is sealed after the hydrogen generation operation of the hydrogen generation apparatus is stopped.
- the controller is configured to execute a pressure-compensating operation for replenishing the reformer with the gas as the pressure in the reactor decreases, and the controller performs the normal stop process during the abnormal stop process. You may control the said gas supply device so that the frequency of the said supplementary pressure operation increases rather than time.
- a heat exchanger for recovering heat from the flue gas discharged from the combustor and a heat medium for receiving heat recovered from the flue gas in the heat exchanger flow.
- the flow rate controller may be operated in a stopped state.
- the controller combusts so that the amount of cooling of the reformer is larger than that in the normal stop process when the abnormality detector detects an equipment failure or a gas leakage abnormality.
- the air supply may be controlled.
- the controller detects a second abnormality that requires maintenance rather than the abnormality stop process that is executed by detecting the first abnormality that does not require maintenance by the abnormality detector.
- the combustion air supply device may be controlled such that the amount of cooling of the reformer increases during the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the above.
- the controller performs an abnormal stop executed by detecting the second abnormality during the abnormal stop process executed by detecting the first abnormality.
- the start of operation may be permitted in a state where the temperature of the reformer is higher than at the time of processing.
- the hydrogen generator according to the present invention includes a replacement gas supply unit that supplies a replacement gas to the reformer, and the controller detects the second abnormality and performs an abnormal stop process that is executed.
- the replacement gas supply unit may be controlled so that the purge operation of the reformer is started by the replacement gas earlier than the abnormal stop process that is executed when the first abnormality is detected.
- the hydrogen generation apparatus further includes a gas supply unit that supplies gas to the reformer, and the hydrogen generation apparatus is sealed after the hydrogen generation operation of the hydrogen generation apparatus is stopped.
- the controller is configured to execute a supplementary pressure operation for supplying gas to the reformer from the gas supply device as the pressure in the reactor decreases, and the controller detects the second abnormality and performs an abnormal stop. You may control the said gas supply device so that the frequency of a supplementary pressure operation may increase at the time of a process rather than the time of the abnormal stop process performed by detecting the said 1st abnormality.
- a heat exchanger for recovering heat from the flue gas discharged from the combustor and a heat medium for receiving heat recovered from the flue gas in the heat exchanger flow.
- the first abnormality may be a misfire abnormality in at least one of the start / stop process and the stop process.
- the second abnormality may be at least one of an equipment failure and a gas leakage abnormality.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention includes the hydrogen generator and a fuel cell that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.
- the amount of cooling of the hydrogen generator increases more than the normal stop process, so that the temperature of the hydrogen generator is reduced and the shift can be quickly performed by maintenance work.
- the fuel cell system controls the first heat medium path through which the first heat medium for cooling the fuel cell flows and the flow rate of the first heat medium through the first heat medium path.
- a first flow rate controller wherein the controller detects and executes an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator by the abnormality detector and performs the reforming more than in the normal stop process.
- the combustion air supply device may be controlled so that the cooling amount of the gas generator increases, and the first flow rate controller may be controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell is equal to that during the normal stop process.
- the controller may be configured to perform an abnormal stop process that is executed when the abnormality detector detects a second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that requires maintenance.
- the combustion air supplier is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer is increased as compared with the time of the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the first abnormality that does not require maintenance, and the cooling amount of the fuel cell is You may control the said combustion air supply device so that it may become equivalent to the time of the abnormal stop process performed by detecting a 1st abnormality, or a normal stop process.
- the fuel cell system controls the first heat medium path through which the first heat medium for cooling the fuel cell flows and the flow rate of the first heat medium through the first heat medium path.
- a first flow rate controller that does not relate to the hydrogen generation device by the abnormality detector, and when an abnormality related to the fuel cell is detected, the controller starts from the time of the normal stop process.
- the first flow controller is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell is increased, and the combustion air supplier is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equal to that in the normal stop process. Good.
- the controller may be configured such that the abnormality detector requires maintenance, and is not related to the hydrogen generator, but has a second abnormality related to the fuel cell.
- the first flow rate controller is set so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell is increased as compared with the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the first abnormality that does not require maintenance.
- the combustion air supply device may be controlled so that the amount of cooling of the reformer is equal to that during the abnormal stop process or the normal stop process that is executed by detecting the first abnormality.
- the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator is increased compared to the normal stop process, so that the temperature of the hydrogen generator is reduced and maintenance work is performed. It is possible to speed up the transition.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a normal stop process in the hydrogen generator of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing anomaly classification in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller in the hydrogen generator shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing in the flowchart of the abnormal stop processing program shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the compensation pressure process executed in the hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller in the hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing in more detail the second abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing in more detail the second abnormality
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14A is a flowchart showing a main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14B is a flowchart showing main operations of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell in the normal stop process of the fuel cell system according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14A is a flowchart showing a main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14B is a flowchart showing main operations of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing in the flowchart of the stop processing program by abnormality detection shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an outline of hot water storage control in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 9.
- FIG. 20 is a table showing an example of an abnormality that accompanies a shutdown of the fuel cell system in the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 10.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the hydrogen generator 102 includes a reformer 16 that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials, and a combustion that heats the reformer 16.
- a reformer 16 that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials
- a combustion that heats the reformer 16.
- 102a combustion air supply device 117 for supplying combustion air to the combustor 102a
- an abnormality detector 110a for detecting an abnormality
- an abnormal stop process in which an abnormality is detected and executed by the abnormality detector 110a
- a controller 110 that controls the combustion air supplier 117 so that the cooling amount of the reformer 16 is larger than that during the normal stop process.
- the “normal stop process” refers to a stop process different from the stop process (abnormal stop process) executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector.
- Examples of the normal stop process include a stop process that is executed when it is no longer necessary to use hydrogen in a hydrogen-using device that uses hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generator 102. Further, there is a stop process that is executed when the hydrogen utilization device is a hydrogen tank and the capacity of the hydrogen tank becomes full during the operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the hydrogen-using device is a fuel cell
- a stop process executed when the power demand of the power load falls below a predetermined threshold that does not need to execute the power generation operation or a preset stop There is a stop process executed at the time.
- combustion air supply device 117 for example, fans such as a blower or a sirocco fan can be used. Further, the combustion air supply device 117 supplies fuel air to the combustor 102 a via the combustion air supply path 56.
- the detector 140a is a sensor that detects a physical quantity related to the state of the hydrogen generator.
- a temperature detector of the reformer 16 an ignition detector of the combustor 102a, and an air flow meter supplied from the combustion air supply device 117.
- Examples include a rotation number detector of the combustion air supply device 117, a raw material gas flow meter supplied from the raw material gas supply device 112, a combustible gas sensor in the housing of the hydrogen generator 102, and the like.
- the abnormality determiner 110a constitutes the abnormality detector of the present invention, and determines various abnormalities based on the detection value of the detector 140a. In addition, about abnormality of each detector among abnormality of a hydrogen generator, abnormality determination device 110a functions as an abnormality detector, and about abnormality different from the failure of the above-mentioned detector, abnormality determination device 110a and the abnormality are judged. A detector that outputs a detection value that is a determination target when performing the function functions as an abnormality detector.
- the raw material gas supply unit 112 is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the raw material gas supplied to the hydrogen generator 102, and includes, for example, a combination of a booster pump and a flow rate adjustment valve, or a single flow rate adjustment valve.
- the water supply device 105 is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the reforming water supplied to the evaporator 15 and includes, for example, a pump.
- the controller 110 controls at least one of the operation time and the operation amount of the combustion air supply device 117, and the abnormal stop process is performed more than the normal stop process.
- the cooling amount of the reformer 16 is controlled to be increased.
- the controller is configured to operate the combustion air supply unit so that the amount of cooling of the reformer is greater during the abnormal stop process than during the normal stop process.
- An example of the aspect which controls at least any one of the operation amount is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the vertical direction in the hydrogen generator is shown as the vertical direction in the drawing, and a part thereof is omitted.
- the hydrogen generator 102 includes a combustion air supply device 117, a raw material gas supply device (raw material supply device) 112, a water supply device 105, and an oxidizing air supply device 116. , A controller 110, an abnormality determination device 110a, a remote controller 120, a package 111 including a housing, and detectors 140 to 145.
- the abnormality determiner 110a constitutes the abnormality detector of the present invention, and determines various abnormalities based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is formed in a cylindrical shape here, and includes a container 1, an outer cylinder 2, and an inner cylinder 3 that share a central axis.
- the container 1 is composed of a stepped cylinder in which a large diameter portion is formed at the upper portion and a small diameter portion having a smaller diameter than the large diameter portion is formed at the lower portion.
- the lower end of the container 1 is closed by a bottom plate 5, and the upper end thereof is connected to the outer cylinder 2 via an annular plate member 6.
- a heat insulating member 4 is provided outside the container 1 so as to cover the container 1.
- the upper ends of the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3 are closed by a lid member 7.
- the lower end of the outer cylinder 2 is opened, and the lower end of the inner cylinder 3 is closed by an inner cylinder bottom plate 8.
- a cylindrical radiation tube 9 is provided inside the inner tube 3.
- the upper end of the radiation tube 9 is closed by the lid member 7, and the lower end thereof is opened.
- a cylindrical space formed between the radiation cylinder 9 and the inner cylinder 3 constitutes a combustion exhaust gas flow path 10.
- a combustion exhaust gas outlet 11 is provided in the vicinity of the downstream end of the combustion exhaust gas channel 10 (upper part of the inner cylinder 3).
- An upstream end of the combustion exhaust gas path 59 is connected to the combustion exhaust gas outlet 11, and the downstream end thereof is opened to the outside of the package 111.
- a burner (combustor) 102a is disposed so as to penetrate the lid member 7 and extend downward. Further, an ignition detector 141 and a CO sensor 142 are provided inside the radiation tube 9.
- the ignition detector 141 is configured to detect the presence or absence of ignition in the burner 102a and to output a detection signal to the controller 110.
- the CO sensor 142 is monoxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas from the burner 102a. It is configured to detect the concentration of carbon and output a detection signal to the controller 110.
- a flame rod is used as the ignition detector 141, and a CO concentration sensor is used as the CO sensor 142.
- the downstream end of the combustion air supply path 56 is connected to the burner 102a, and the upstream end thereof is connected to the combustion air supply device 117.
- the combustion air supply device 117 for example, fans such as a blower or a sirocco fan can be used.
- the source gas introduced into the source gas supply port 12 from the source gas supply unit 112 passes through the inside of the hydrogen generator 102 and is supplied as combustion fuel to the burner 102a through the bypass path 44 that bypasses the hydrogen utilization device 101. Is done. Thereby, in the burner 102a, the combustion fuel supplied from the raw material gas supply device 112 is burned with the combustion air supplied from the combustion air supply device 117, and combustion exhaust gas is generated.
- the generated flue gas flows out from the tip (lower end) of the radiation tube 9, hits the bottom wall of the inner cylinder bottom plate 8, reverses, flows upward from there through the flue gas passage 10, and is supplied to the flue gas passage 59.
- the flue gas supplied to the flue gas path 59 flows through the flue gas path 59 and is discharged out of the hydrogen generator 102 (more precisely, the package 111).
- a raw material gas supply port 12 is provided in the upper part of the outer cylinder 2, and the raw material gas supply port 12 is connected to the downstream end of the raw material gas supply path 41.
- a city gas mainly composed of methane is used as the source gas
- the upstream end of the source gas supply path 41 is connected to a city gas pipe (not shown).
- the source gas supply path 41 is provided with a first on-off valve 71, a source gas supplier 112, and a second on-off valve 72 from the upstream side.
- the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are configured to allow / block the flow of the raw material gas flowing through the raw material gas supply path 41.
- a valve such as an electromagnetic valve may be used. it can.
- the raw material gas supply unit 112 is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the raw material gas supplied to the hydrogen generator 102, and includes, for example, a combination of a booster pump and a flow rate adjustment valve, or a single flow rate adjustment valve.
- a water supply port 13 is provided in the upper part of the outer cylinder 2, and the downstream end of the reforming water supply path 57 is connected to the water supply port 13.
- a water supplier 105 is connected to the upstream end of the reforming water supply path 57. The water supplier 105 supplies the reforming water to the reforming water supply path 57 and adjusts the flow rate of the reforming water flowing through the reforming water supply path 57.
- a lower part of the cylindrical space between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3 forms a reforming catalyst housing space, and a reforming catalyst layer 14 filled with the reforming catalyst is formed in the reforming catalyst housing space.
- a reforming catalyst layer 14 filled with the reforming catalyst is formed in the reforming catalyst housing space.
- an evaporating section 15 for preheating the raw material gas and the reforming water is formed above the reforming catalyst housing space.
- a reformer 16 is composed of the reforming catalyst housing space and the reforming catalyst layer 14.
- the reformer 16 utilizes the heat transfer of the combustion exhaust gas generated by the burner 102 a and the raw gas (methane) supplied from the raw gas supplier 112 and the reformer supplied from the water supplier 105.
- the quality water is preheated in the evaporation section 15, and the preheated raw material gas and the reforming water are subjected to a steam reforming reaction in the reforming catalyst layer 14, thereby generating a hydrogen-containing gas containing hydrogen.
- a temperature detector 143 is disposed at the center of the bottom plate 5 of the buffer space 17.
- the temperature detector 143 is configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that has flowed through the reformer 16 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110 as the temperature of the reformer 16.
- the temperature detector 143 is provided below the downstream end of the reformer 16, and is configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas after flowing through the reformer 16.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that is provided inside the reforming catalyst layer 14 of the reformer 16 and flows through the reforming catalyst layer 14 of the reformer 16 may be detected. Good.
- a cylindrical space 18 is formed between the container 1 and the outer cylinder 2 so as to communicate with the buffer space portion 17, and the space 18 and the buffer space portion 17 are connected to the hydrogen-containing gas channel 19.
- the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the reformer 16 flows out from the downstream end of the reforming catalyst layer 14 to the buffer space portion 17, hits the bottom wall of the bottom plate 5, and reverses to pass through the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19. Circulate.
- a pair of partition plates 20 and 21 are arranged in the cylindrical space between the large diameter portion of the container 1 and the outer cylinder 2 above the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19 with a predetermined interval in the axial direction.
- the pair of partition plates 20 and 21 divide the cylindrical space into a shift catalyst containing space 22, an air mixing unit 25, and an oxidation catalyst containing space 26.
- a shift catalyst layer 23 filled with a shift catalyst is formed in the shift catalyst storage space 22, and a shift converter 24 is configured from the shift catalyst storage space 22 and the shift catalyst layer 23.
- the partition plate 20 is provided with a plurality of through holes 29 so as to allow the transformer 24 and the air mixing unit 25 to communicate with each other, and the through holes 29 constitute an outlet 29 of the transformer 24.
- the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19 flows into the transformer 24.
- carbon monoxide and water in the hydrogen-containing gas are converted by the shift reaction, and carbon monoxide is reduced.
- the hydrogen-containing gas with reduced carbon monoxide flows out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 to the air mixing unit 25.
- the container 1 forming the air mixing unit 25 is provided with an air supply port 30 for supplying air for carbon monoxide oxidation reaction.
- the air supply port 30 is connected to a downstream end of an oxidation air supply path 58, and an oxidation air supply 116 is connected to the upstream end of the air supply port 30.
- the hydrogen-containing gas flowing out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 to the air mixing unit 25 is mixed with the air supplied from the oxidizing air supply unit 116.
- a temperature detector 144 is provided above the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 in the air mixing unit 25.
- the temperature detector 144 is configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the transformer 24 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110 as the temperature of the transformer 24.
- the temperature detector 144 is provided above the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 and configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas after flowing through the transformer 24.
- the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the shift catalyst layer 23 of the shift converter 24 may be detected by being provided inside the shift catalyst layer 23 of the shift converter 24.
- An oxidation catalyst layer 27 filled with an oxidation catalyst is formed in the oxidation catalyst housing space 26, and a purifier 28 is constituted by the oxidation catalyst housing space 26 and the oxidation catalyst layer 27.
- the partition plate 21 is provided with a plurality of through holes 31 so as to communicate the air mixing unit 25 and the purifier 28, and the through holes 31 constitute the inlet 31 of the purifier 28.
- a temperature detector 145 is provided below the inlet 31 of the purifier 28 in the air mixing unit 25. The temperature detector 145 is configured to detect the temperature of the mixed gas of hydrogen-containing gas and air flowing into the purifier 28 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110 as the temperature of the purifier 28.
- the temperature detector 145 is provided below the inlet 31 of the purifier 28 so as to detect the temperature of the fuel gas before flowing through the purifier 28.
- the present invention is not limited, and the temperature of the fuel gas that is provided inside the oxidation catalyst layer 27 of the purifier 28 and flows through the oxidation catalyst layer 27 of the purifier 28 may be detected.
- a fuel gas outlet 32 is provided at the upper part of the container 1 constituting the oxidation catalyst housing space 26.
- An upstream end of the fuel gas supply path 42 is connected to the fuel gas outlet 32, and a hydrogen utilization device (for example, a fuel cell) 101 is connected to the downstream end of the fuel gas outlet 32.
- a fuel gas valve 79 is provided in the middle of the fuel gas supply path 42, and the upstream end of the bypass path 44 is connected to the upstream side of the fuel gas valve 79.
- the downstream end of the bypass path 44 is connected to the burner 102a.
- a bypass valve 80 is provided in the middle of the bypass path 44.
- the hydrogen-containing gas mixed with air in the air mixing unit 25 flows into the purifier 28 from the through hole 31 (the inlet 31 of the purifier 28) of the partition plate 21 and flows through the oxidation catalyst layer 27.
- carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas and oxygen in the air react to produce a fuel gas in which carbon monoxide is reduced to several ppm.
- the generated fuel gas flows from the fuel gas outlet 32 through the fuel gas supply path 42 and is supplied to the hydrogen utilization device 101.
- the configuration in which the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 are provided is adopted.
- the carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 16 is further increased.
- the form which does not provide the said transformer 24 and the purifier 28 may be employ
- the hydrogen using device 101 is a device that is not easily poisoned with respect to carbon monoxide (for example, a solid oxide fuel cell)
- the above configuration is adopted.
- an intake port 61 and an exhaust port 62 are provided at appropriate positions of the package 111.
- the intake port 61 and the exhaust port 62 are preferably provided as far as possible from each other so that the outside air can flow through the package 111.
- the exhaust port 62 is provided in the package 111 where flammable gas tends to stay. It is preferable to be provided in the upper part.
- a ventilation fan 119 is disposed in the vicinity of the exhaust port 62.
- the ventilation fan 119 can be a fan such as a sirocco fan.
- a combustible gas sensor 140 is provided in the package 111.
- the combustible gas sensor 140 is configured to detect leakage (concentration) of combustible gas (for example, raw material gas or hydrogen gas) in the package 111 and output the detected concentration of combustible gas to the controller 110. ing.
- the combustible gas sensor 140 is provided in the vicinity of the ventilation fan 119 in the upper part of the package 111 where the combustible gas tends to stay.
- a controller 110 is provided in the package 111.
- the controller 110 is configured by a computer such as a microcomputer, and includes an arithmetic processing unit including a CPU, a storage unit including a memory, a communication unit, and a clock unit having a calendar function (all of which are not shown). )
- the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it to perform various controls relating to the hydrogen generator 102.
- the arithmetic processing unit processes data stored in the storage unit and data input from the operation input unit.
- the abnormality determination program read from the storage unit and data input from the detectors 140 to 145 ( Based on the physical quantity), it also functions as an abnormality determiner 110a that determines whether an abnormality accompanied by a stop of the hydrogen generator 102 has occurred.
- the abnormality determiner 110a determines that there is an abnormality, the hydrogen generator 102 described later The abnormal stop process is executed.
- the controller means not only a single controller but also a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the controller 110 does not need to be composed of a single controller, and a plurality of controllers may be arranged in a distributed manner so that they cooperate to control the hydrogen generator 102. .
- the controller 110 is configured to determine whether or not the detection values input from the detectors 140 to 145 are abnormal.
- 140 to 145 may include a computing unit such as a microcomputer, so that it is possible to determine whether or not the physical quantity detected by each is abnormal.
- the remote controller 120 includes a control unit (not shown) configured by a microcomputer, a communication unit (not shown), a display unit 120a, and a key operation unit 120b.
- the control unit controls the communication unit and the like. I have control.
- the remote controller 120 receives a control signal by the communication unit, and the control unit processes this and transmits it to the display unit 120a.
- an operation signal input from the key operation unit 120 b of the remote control 120 is transmitted to the controller 110 via the control unit and communication unit of the remote control 120 and received by the communication unit of the controller 110.
- the exchange of signals between the controller 110 and the remote controller 120 is described by omitting communication by both communication units and processing of the control unit in the remote controller 120.
- the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are opened, and then the source gas supply unit 112 is operated so that the source gas is burned via the hydrogen generator 102 and the bypass path 44. 102a. Further, the combustion air is supplied from the combustion air supplier 117 via the combustion air supply path 56. In the burner 102a, the supplied source gas is combusted with combustion air, and combustion exhaust gas is produced
- the ignition detector 141 detects the presence or absence of ignition in the burner 102a and outputs a detection signal to the controller 110.
- the CO sensor 142 detects the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas from the burner 102 a and outputs the detected concentration of carbon monoxide to the controller 110.
- the gas flows out from the tip (lower end) of the radiant cylinder 9 by the burner 102 a, hits the bottom wall of the inner cylinder bottom plate 8, reverses, flows upward from there through the combustion exhaust gas passage 10, and is supplied to the combustion exhaust gas path 59.
- the flue gas supplied to the flue gas path 59 flows through the flue gas path 59 and is discharged out of the hydrogen generator 102 (more precisely, the package 111).
- the reformer 16, the transformer 24, and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 are heated by heat transfer from the combustion combustion exhaust gas.
- the controller 110 determines that the temperature of the evaporation unit 15 has reached a temperature at which water can be evaporated (for example, 120 ° C.) based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 143, the second opening / closing valve 72 is opened.
- the operation of the water supply unit 105 is started, and the source gas is supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 to the evaporation unit 15 of the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 through the source gas supply path 41. Reforming water is supplied from the water supply device 105 via the reforming water supply path 57.
- the supplied water is heated in the preheating portion to become steam, and the steam and the raw material gas undergo a steam reforming reaction while flowing through the reforming catalyst layer 14 together with the heated raw material gas, thereby generating hydrogen.
- a hydrogen-containing gas is produced.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 16 flows out from the downstream end of the reforming catalyst layer 14 and flows through the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19.
- the hydrogen-containing gas that has flowed through the hydrogen-containing gas flow path 19 flows into the shifter 24, and while flowing through the shift catalyst layer 23, carbon monoxide and water in the hydrogen-containing gas are converted by the shift reaction. Carbon oxide is reduced.
- the hydrogen-containing gas with reduced carbon monoxide flows out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 to the air mixing unit 25.
- the temperature detector 144 detects the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas flowing out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 and outputs the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- the hydrogen-containing gas flowing out from the outlet 29 of the transformer 24 to the air mixing unit 25 is mixed with the air supplied from the oxidizing air supplier 116.
- the hydrogen-containing gas mixed with air in the air mixing unit 25 flows into the purifier 28 from the inlet 31 of the purifier 28.
- the temperature detector 145 detects the temperature of the mixed gas of hydrogen-containing gas and air that flows into the purifier 28 and outputs the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- the temperature detectors 143 to 145 provided in the reformer 16, the transformer 24, and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 are set to a predetermined temperature (for example, the reformer 16 is 600 to 650 ° C., the transformer 24 is 200 to 250 ° C. and the purifier 28 is 130 to 170 ° C.), the controller 110 determines that the carbon monoxide in the fuel gas has been sufficiently reduced, and the controller 110 generates hydrogen. The activation process of the device 102 is terminated.
- the controller 110 opens the fuel gas valve 79 when the temperature detectors 143 to 145 provided in the reformer 16, the converter 24, and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 reach a predetermined temperature. Then, the fuel gas is supplied from the hydrogen generator 102 to the hydrogen using device 101. Note that while the carbon monoxide in the fuel gas is not sufficiently reduced, the fuel gas valve 79 is closed, and the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 102 is not supplied to the hydrogen utilization device 101 and bypassed. It is supplied to the burner 102 a via the path 44.
- valve 80 is open.
- the fuel gas valve 79 and the bypass valve 80 are also opened under the control of the controller 110, The combustion of the fuel gas introduced into the burner 102a through the bypass path 44 maintains the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 at an appropriate temperature for generating a high-quality hydrogen-containing gas having a low carbon monoxide concentration.
- the normal stop process referred to here is a stop process different from the stop process (abnormal stop process) executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector during the operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the hydrogen-using device 101 is a stop process that is executed when it is no longer necessary to use hydrogen.
- the hydrogen-using device is a hydrogen tank, and the capacity of the hydrogen tank during the hydrogen supply operation The stop process that is executed when is full.
- the hydrogen-using device is a fuel cell, and a stop process executed when the power demand of the power load drops below a predetermined threshold that does not require the power generation operation or at a preset stop time
- a stop process to be executed is exemplified.
- the stop process is defined as an operation from when the controller 110 outputs a stop signal until the hydrogen generator 102 completes the stop process. It should be noted that the controller 110 is operating after the completion of the stop process of the hydrogen generator 102, and the operation of the parts other than the controller 110 is stopped. When an activation request is generated, the controller 110 A start command is output, and a transition is made to a standby state in which start processing can be started immediately.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of normal stop processing in the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the operation of the booster pump as the raw material gas supplier 112 is stopped, and the water supplier 105 stops its operation. Further, the oxidizing air supply 116 stops its operation. Thereby, the supply of the source gas and water to the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped, and the supply of the oxidizing air to the air mixing unit 25 is stopped. Then, the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 provided on the source gas supply path 41 are closed, the fuel gas valve 79 and the bypass valve 80 are closed (step S101), and the inside of the hydrogen generator 102 is inside. Shut off from outside air (sealing operation of hydrogen generator).
- the combustion air supply device 117 is operated, and the combustion air supplied to the burner 102a removes heat from the reformer 16 and the like to generate hydrogen including the reformer 16.
- the apparatus 102 is cooled (cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102).
- the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 detects the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 (step S102), and the detected temperature t1 is on standby.
- the combustion air supplier 117 stops the supply of the combustion air to the burner 102a (Step S104), and performs the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the standby temperature is a temperature at which the hydrogen generator 102 can enter a standby state, and is defined as an upper limit temperature at which carbon deposition does not occur even when only the raw material gas is supplied to the hydrogen generator 102, for example. .
- the standby state is a state where the next hydrogen generator 102 is awaiting the start of operation.
- an activation command is output from the controller 110, and It is defined as a state that shifts to execution of the next startup process.
- the activation request include, for example, that the user operates the key operation unit 120b of the remote controller 120 to make an operation start request, or that the hydrogen using device 101 needs to use hydrogen. .
- the hydrogen generator 102 In the standby state, the hydrogen generator 102 is naturally allowed to cool. At this time, the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 detects the temperature of the reformer 16 (step). S106), when the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the FP purge temperature (eg, 300 ° C.) lower than the standby temperature (Yes in Step S107), the first on-off valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the bypass valve 80 Open the respective valves, the raw material gas (purge gas) is supplied from the raw material gas supplier 112 to the hydrogen generator 102 (step S108), and the reactor (reformer 16 and the like) provided in the hydrogen generator 102 ) Gas such as water vapor is purged by the source gas and scavenged from within the hydrogen generator 102 (a purge process for the hydrogen generator 102 (hereinafter referred to as FP (F el Processor) purge process start)).
- FP F el Processor
- the scavenged gas is sent to the burner 102a through the bypass path 44 and burned in the burner 102a (step S109).
- this FP purge process it is possible to suppress the condensation of water vapor in the hydrogen generator 102 and the deterioration of the catalyst such as the reforming catalyst.
- the raw material gas in the reformer 16 does not carbon deposit. Defined as temperature.
- the source gas is used as the replacement gas, and the source gas supply unit 112 constitutes the replacement gas supply unit that supplies the replacement gas to the reformer 16.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas may be used as the replacement gas.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas may be stored and a gas cylinder that supplies the inert gas to the reformer 16 may be separately provided as a replacement gas supplier.
- the controller 110 measures an elapsed time T1 from the start of the FP purge process (step S110), and when the elapsed time T1 becomes equal to or longer than the FP purge time J1 (Yes in step S111), the source gas is supplied.
- the vessel 112 is stopped, the first on-off valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the bypass valve 80 are closed (end of the FP purge process) (step S112), and the normal stop process is ended.
- the purge time is defined as the time necessary for at least the water vapor in the hydrogen generator 102 to be scavenged.
- a stop process for example, a hydrogen generator
- a hydrogen generator that protects at least the function of the hydrogen generator 102
- the apparatus is promptly shifted to a standby state.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation is performed only until the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 can be restarted (that is, until the temperature of the reformer 16 is equal to or lower than the standby temperature). It is configured to perform the minimum necessary cooling operation such as.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is configured to be executed.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is provided with a combustion fuel supply path that branches from the source gas supply path 41 and directly supplies the source gas as combustion fuel to the burner 102a.
- the burner 102a may be configured to burn using the combustion fuel (assist combustion system) via the combustion fuel supply path.
- the startup process of the hydrogen generator 102 configured as described above, it is not necessary to allow only the raw material gas to flow through the hydrogen generator 102 in the temperature raising process of the hydrogen generator 102, so the above cooling operation is executed. There is no need. Even if the assist combustion system is not adopted, the cooling operation is reduced because the possibility of carbon deposition is reduced by adopting a form in which the raw material gas and water are simultaneously supplied to the hydrogen generator 102 at the time of restart. There is no need to run.
- the FP purge process is executed, but a form in which this is not executed may be adopted.
- abnormality detection / stop processing stop processing when an abnormality is detected by each of the detectors 140 to 145 of the hydrogen generator 102 according to the second embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing anomaly classification in the present invention.
- the abnormality accompanied by the shutdown of the hydrogen generator 102 is defined including the first abnormality and the second abnormality. That is, the abnormality accompanied by the shutdown of the hydrogen generator 102 may be defined including an abnormality other than the first abnormality and the second abnormality.
- the first abnormality means that a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality detected by each of the detectors 140 to 145 is executed, so that the hydrogen generator 102 is on standby without performing maintenance work by a maintenance worker.
- the first abnormality includes, for example, an abnormality that is expected to be recovered by executing a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality.
- the second abnormality is a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145, and a maintenance worker must perform maintenance work.
- this is an abnormality in which the hydrogen generator 102 cannot enter the standby state.
- the second abnormality is an activation request if maintenance is not performed by the maintenance worker after the stop process to be executed is completed after the abnormality is detected by each of the detectors 140 to 145. Even if it occurs, the activation is permitted, the activation command is not output from the controller 110, and the hydrogen generator 102 does not start the activation process.
- the maintenance means that a maintenance worker comes to the place where the hydrogen generator 102 is installed, and performs work such as recovery work or repair of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the burner misfire abnormality is prescribed
- This abnormality is an example, and an abnormality other than this abnormality may be defined as the first abnormality.
- the burner misfire abnormality means that the ignition detector 141 does not detect the ignition of the burner 102a during the hydrogen generation operation after the hydrogen generation reaction is started in the hydrogen generator 102. Therefore, this abnormality does not include an ignition abnormality at the start of combustion of the burner 102a in the startup process of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the burner 102a burns stably, the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 rises, and the misfire abnormality that occurs during the start-up process after starting the transition to the steam reforming reaction and the operation of supplying the fuel gas to the hydrogen utilizing device 101 is detected. Point to.
- the reformer 16 has a temperature at which the reforming reaction can be performed (for example, 500 ° C.), and the temperature of the evaporation unit 15 has a temperature at which water can be evaporated (for example, 100 ° C.)
- the burner 102a is accompanied by the volume expansion accompanying the water evaporation in the evaporation unit 15. The flow rate of the gas supplied to fluctuates and combustion becomes unstable.
- misfire in the burner 102a is detected by the ignition detector 141, and based on the detection signal from the ignition detector 141, the abnormality determiner 110a determines that there is a misfire abnormality in the burner 102a.
- the reason for treating this abnormality as the first abnormality is that maintenance requires equipment replacement such as failure of equipment related to combustion of the burner 102a such as the source gas supply device 112 and the combustion air supply device 117. This is because it is not a fatal abnormality but may be an abnormality that occurs accidentally due to a transient flow rate fluctuation of the gas (combustion fuel or air) supplied to the burner 102a.
- the second abnormality As the abnormality corresponding to the abnormality, stop processing corresponding to the abnormality is executed.
- abnormalities for example, flammable gas leakage abnormality
- temperature detection temperature abnormalities for example, excessive temperature increase / decrease in reforming temperature
- the abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the temperature detector includes, for example, an abnormality in which when the temperature detectors 143 to 145 are thermistors, their detected values are values indicating short circuit or disconnection.
- the abnormality is treated as a second abnormality, and a stop process corresponding to the abnormality is executed.
- An abnormality in which a failure of the CO sensor is assumed includes an abnormality in which the detected value of this sensor is a value indicating a disconnection of electric resistance when the CO sensor 142 is a contact combustion type sensor.
- the abnormality is defined as a second abnormality.
- the abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the combustion air supply device means, for example, that the rotation speed of the combustion air supply device 117 is outside the allowable range with respect to the operation amount from the controller 110 (for example, a setting corresponding to the target rotation speed).
- an abnormality that occurs when the operation amount is increased with respect to the operation amount and the target rotational speed is not reached for a predetermined time or longer.
- Such an abnormality may occur when a desired rotational speed cannot be obtained for the command value of the manipulated variable due to motor deterioration.
- the abnormality is defined as a second abnormality.
- the flammable gas leakage abnormality is an abnormality in which the flammable gas sensor 140 detects flammable gas.
- a combustible gas such as a raw material gas or a fuel gas
- the abnormality is defined as a second abnormality.
- the abnormality determiner 110a functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention for the failure of each detector, and the abnormality determiner 110a for the abnormality different from the failure of the detector. And a detector that outputs a detection value that is a determination target when determining the abnormality functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the hydrogen generator 102 shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 acquires detection values detected from the detectors 140 to 145 (step S200), and the detection values acquired in step S200 are It is determined whether or not there is an abnormality (step S201). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S200, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S200 and S201 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S202.
- step S202 a stop process (hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process) corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110. Then, when this stop process is completed, the process proceeds to step S203.
- an abnormal stop process hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process
- step S203 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S204, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality.
- step S205 the process proceeds to step S205.
- step S204 when the abnormal stop process is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state and ends the program.
- the hydrogen generating apparatus 102 shifts to a startup non-permitted state where startup is not permitted even when a startup request is generated, and the program ends.
- the abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality is executed. However, a common cooling operation (such as a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102) is performed for each abnormality.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing in the flowchart of the abnormal stop processing program shown in FIG.
- the failure of the temperature detector belongs to the second abnormality
- the following abnormal stop processing is not limited to the case where the second abnormality is detected, and an abnormality that requires the hydrogen generator 102 to stop operating is detected.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is similarly executed. That is, even when the first abnormality is detected, the same processing is performed for the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the raw material gas and water to the hydrogen generator 102 are the same as in the normal stop process. Is stopped and the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed (see steps S100 and S101 in FIG. 3), whereby the combustion operation in the burner 102a is stopped (step S400).
- the combustion is stopped in the burner 102a, after the fire is extinguished, an operation of discharging the gas remaining in the radiant cylinder 9 to the outside of the casing 111 by the air supplied by the combustion air supplier 117 is performed.
- the combustion stop process of 102a is completed.
- the combustion air supplier 117 supplies the combustion air to the burner 102a after the combustion of the burner 102a is stopped under the control of the controller 110, and executes the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (step S401).
- the temperature detected by the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature (for example, 500 ° C.). Is also continued (steps S402 to S404). For this reason, the reformer 16 can be cooled more quickly in the abnormal stop process than in the normal stop process.
- Step S405 to S406 the FP purge process is executed as in the case of the normal stop process. (See Step S106 to Step S112 in FIG. 3) (Step S407 to Step S410).
- Step S405 to S406 the combustion air supplier 117 is stopped (step S411), and the abnormal stop process is completed.
- the controller 110 shifts the hydrogen generation apparatus 102 to the activation disapproval state (step S412).
- the transition to the activation non-permitted state means that even if the user operates the remote controller 120 so as to start the hydrogen generation apparatus 102, the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 causes the above-described hydrogen generation apparatus 102 to operate. This means that the activation process is not performed. That is, in the second embodiment, when the second abnormality is detected by each of the detectors 141 to 145, the controller 110 allows the user to operate the key operation unit 120b of the remote controller 120, Even when the activation command is transmitted to the communication unit of the controller 110, the activation process of the hydrogen generator 102 is not permitted.
- the controller 110 controls to be larger than the operation amount during the rated operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the rated operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is defined as an operation that supplies the maximum amount of hydrogen that can be stably supplied during the hydrogen supply operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes a temperature at which the FP purge process can be performed after the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature.
- the burner 102a by the combustion air supplier 117 is included in the period until it reaches (the temperature below the FP purge temperature). The difference is that the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is continued and the hydrogen generator 102 is controlled to cool more quickly.
- the abnormal stop process is controlled so that the cooling amount of the hydrogen generation apparatus 102 is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
- the temperature of the device in the apparatus 102 can be lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the shift to the maintenance work can be speeded up.
- the abnormal stop process is performed after the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature as compared with the normal stop process. Since the period until the temperature reaches a temperature at which the FP purge process can be performed (a temperature equal to or lower than the FP purge temperature) is short, the abnormal stop process is executed earlier than the normal stop process.
- the normal stop process is controlled so that the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced as compared with the abnormal stop process. Therefore, depending on the elapsed time after shifting to the standby state, The equipment temperature (for example, the reformer 16) constituting the hydrogen generator 102 is higher than the ambient temperature (outside air temperature), and the energy and time required to raise the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 are reduced. The startability of 102 may be improved.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (the reformer 16) is executed until the FP purge process is completed during the abnormal stop process.
- the present invention is not limited, and any form may be used during the abnormal stop process as long as the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
- the abnormal stop process is controlled so as to increase the cooling operation time of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply device 117 as compared with the normal stop process.
- the control is performed so that the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 is increased
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the combustion air supplier 117 may be controlled so that the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner 102a is increased.
- control is performed so that the operation amount of the combustion air supplier 117 in the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 during the abnormal stop process is larger than the operation amount in the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 during the normal stop process. This is realized by the device 110 controlling the combustion air supply device 117.
- the abnormal stop process is not limited to the case where the first abnormality is detected or the second abnormality is detected, and the operation of the hydrogen generator is operated.
- a mode is adopted in which a stop process is executed in which the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 is increased as compared with a normal stop process.
- the same cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 as the normal stop process is executed. It doesn't matter.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 for improving the transition to the maintenance work is not executed. Therefore, at the next start-up, the energy and time required to raise the temperature of the equipment (for example, the reformer 16) constituting the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced, and the startability of the hydrogen generator 102 is improved.
- a heat exchanger for recovering heat from the flue gas discharged from the combustor and a heat medium that receives heat recovered from the flue gas in the heat exchanger flow.
- a combustion air supply device comprising: a heat medium path through which a heat medium flows; and a pump for passing the heat medium in the heat medium path.
- the cooling process which cools a reformer with the more supplied air shows an example of the aspect by which the controller is comprised so that a pump may be operated.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the vertical direction in the hydrogen generator is shown as the vertical direction in the drawing, and a part thereof is omitted.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the third embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 102 according to the second embodiment, but heat is generated in the middle of the combustion exhaust gas path 59.
- the heat exchanger 123 that stores the heat medium recovered by the heat exchanger 121 and the heat exchanger 121 is provided. More specifically, the heat medium path 60 is connected so that the primary flow path 121a of the heat exchanger 121 and the flue gas path 59 are connected and the heat medium is passed through the secondary flow path 121b of the heat exchanger 121.
- a pump 122 for allowing water in the heat medium path 60 to flow is disposed in the middle of the heat medium path 60.
- the flue gas discharged from the burner 102a flows through the primary flow path 121a of the heat exchanger 121, it exchanges heat with the water flowing through the secondary flow path 121b of the heat exchanger 121 to cool it.
- the flue gas discharged from the burner 102a flows through the primary flow path 121a of the heat exchanger
- the hydrogen generator 102 of the present embodiment operates as follows when the operation is stopped.
- the controller 110 stops the combustion of the burner 102a in the hydrogen generator 102.
- an operation of discharging the combustible gas remaining in the burner 102a to the outside of the casing by the air supplied from the burner 102a after extinguishing the fire is performed. Is completed.
- the pump 122 is operated to transfer the heat medium to the secondary channel 121b of the heat exchanger 121.
- the heat recovery operation by the heat medium via the heat exchanger 121 is controlled to flow.
- the hydrogen generator 102 of the third embodiment when it is not necessary to further reduce the carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 16.
- a configuration in which the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 are not provided may be employed.
- the cooling operation period of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply device 117 when the combustion of the burner 102a is stopped is, for example, the combustion air supply device 117 after the combustion stop of the burner 102a in the normal stop processing.
- the combustion air supply device 117 is operated until the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes below the purge temperature after the combustion of the burner 102a is stopped.
- the cooling operation period is illustrated, it is limited to the above example as long as it is a cooling operation period that is cooled by the air supplied by the combustion air supply device 117 after the combustion of the burner 102a is stopped when the operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped. Is not to be done.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is controlled so that the amount of cooling during the abnormal stop process is larger than that during the normal stop process. At that time, the hydrogen generator 102 is supplied to the burner 102a during the cooling operation period of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the amount of combustion air (the amount of operation of the combustion air supply device 117) is controlled to be larger than that during the normal stop process, the amount of heat recovered by the air flowing through the combustion exhaust gas passage 10 increases, and the combustion exhaust gas The temperature of the exhaust air exhausted from the path 59 to the outside of the hydrogen generator 102 rises. Therefore, the controller 110 causes the pump 122 to increase the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the secondary flow path 112b of the heat exchanger 112 when performing the abnormal stop process rather than performing the normal stop process.
- the controller 110 performs cooling so that the amount of exhaust air cooled by the cooler 121 when performing an abnormal stop process is larger than the amount of exhaust air cooled by the cooler 121 when performing normal stop processing.
- the device 121 is preferably controlled.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the third embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the hydrogen generator 102 according to the second embodiment. Further, in the hydrogen generator 102 according to the third embodiment, the temperature of the exhaust air exhausted from the combustion exhaust gas path 59 is excessively increased during the cooling operation period of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16). Can be suppressed, and the hydrogen generator 102 can be stopped more safely.
- a hydrogen generation apparatus includes a gas supply device that supplies gas to a reformer, and the hydrogen generation apparatus is sealed after the hydrogen generation operation of the hydrogen generation apparatus is stopped. It is configured to perform a pressure-compensating operation to replenish the gas from the gas supply unit to the reformer as the pressure in the reactor drops, and the controller compensates for the abnormal stop process more than the normal stop process.
- a gas supply device that supplies gas to a reformer
- the hydrogen generation apparatus is sealed after the hydrogen generation operation of the hydrogen generation apparatus is stopped. It is configured to perform a pressure-compensating operation to replenish the gas from the gas supply unit to the reformer as the pressure in the reactor drops, and the controller compensates for the abnormal stop process more than the normal stop process.
- the hydrogen generator 102 of the present embodiment closes the inlet and outlet of the combustible gas path of the hydrogen generator 102 during the stop process so that the gas path including the reformer 16 becomes a closed space.
- the sealing operation is performed, but thereafter, the internal force decreases as the temperature of the hydrogen generation apparatus 102 decreases, and as a result, the inside of the hydrogen generation apparatus 102 becomes excessively negative pressure, which may damage the constituent members. Therefore, in the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fourth embodiment, when the internal pressure of the hydrogen generator 102 is equal to or less than a predetermined pressure threshold P1 that is larger than the negative pressure limit value of the hydrogen generator 102, It is comprised so that the supplementary pressure process which replenishes gas may be implemented.
- the hydrogen generator 102 in the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) during the abnormal stop process, the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) during the normal stop process.
- the amount of cooling per unit time is increased more than the cooling operation of FIG. Accordingly, since the temperature reduction rate of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) is faster and the pressure drop is faster than during the normal stop process, the controller 110 compensates for the frequency of the above-mentioned pressure compensation process in the normal stop process. It is comprised so that it may increase rather than the frequency of a pressure process. The details will be described below.
- the configuration of the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 4 is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed in the same manner as in the second embodiment (see FIG. 3), and the pressure compensation process is further executed.
- the supplementary pressure process will be described later.
- cooling operation in the normal stop process of the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 according to the first embodiment (see steps S100 to S105 in FIG. 3). .
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the pressure compensation process executed in the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- step S900 the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is performed (step S900). Specifically, at least one of the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 provided on the source gas supply path 41 is closed, and the fuel gas valve 79 and the bypass valve 80 are closed.
- a pressure value detected by a pressure detector (not shown) provided in a gas path including the hydrogen generator 102 that becomes a closed space by the sealing operation is a predetermined pressure threshold value P1 (for example, If the pressure is less than or equal to ⁇ 5 kPa) (Yes in step S901), the controller 110 closes the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 while the fuel gas valve 79 and the bypass valve 80 are closed.
- the source gas supply unit 112 is opened and the source gas is supplied from the source gas supply path 41 by controlling the source gas supply unit 112 (step S902).
- the controller 110 stops the gas supply from the source gas supplier 112 to the gas path including the hydrogen generator 102, and the first opening / closing valve 71 and the second opening / closing valve The valve 72 is closed and the compensation process is terminated.
- step S901 periodically (for example, every 30 sec) even after execution of the above-described pressure-compensating operation. If the pressure in the gas path decreases to a level that requires pressure-compensation, the controller 110 performs the above-mentioned compensation as appropriate. Execute pressure processing.
- the detected pressure value of the pressure detector that directly detects the pressure value in the gas path is used.
- the temperature detection in the gas path that correlates with the pressure value is performed.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the pressure compensation process is executed based on the temperature detected by a temperature detector (for example, the temperature detector 143) and the elapsed time after the start of the stop process correlated with the pressure value measured by the clock unit. .
- the abnormal stop process in the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.
- the abnormal stop process is performed in the same flow (see FIG. 6) as the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 2, but the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the burner 102a is the normal stop process. It is controlled to be larger than the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator.
- the controller 110 sets the operation amount of the combustion air supply device 117 to a predetermined operation amount that is larger than the operation amount of the combustion air supply device 117 in the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 in the normal stop process. To control.
- the cooling operation is performed so that the cooling rate of the hydrogen generator 102 is higher than that in the normal stop process.
- the speed of the gas passage including the hydrogen generator 102 is increased, and the frequency at which the pressure is reduced to a level that requires supplementary pressure increases. Therefore, in the abnormal stop process of the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fourth embodiment, an excessive negative pressure in the hydrogen generator 102 is obtained by executing the above-described supplementary pressure operation more frequently than the normal stop process. Is suppressed, and the hydrogen generator 102 is protected.
- the controller requires a second maintenance than the abnormal stop process that is executed when the abnormality detector detects the first abnormality that does not require maintenance.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 102 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. Is different from the stop process of the hydrogen generator 102 according to the second embodiment.
- the stop process of the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 5 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- step S200 A detection value is acquired (step S200), and it is determined whether the detection value acquired in step S200 is abnormal (step S201). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S200, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S200 and S201 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S203.
- step S203 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S204a, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality. The process proceeds to step S205a.
- step S204a a first abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110.
- the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state (step S204), and the program ends.
- the first abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality.
- a cooling operation common to each abnormality (such as a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102) is also performed.
- step S205a a second abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110. Then, when this stop process is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a startup non-permitted state in which startup is not permitted even if a startup request is generated (step S205).
- the second abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality. However, a cooling operation common to each abnormality (such as a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102) is also performed.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is characterized in that the second abnormal stop process is controlled to increase the cooling amount of the fuel cell more than the first abnormal stop process.
- the cooling amount is detected by a cooling amount detector, and the first abnormal stop process is configured to stop the cooling operation when the cooling amount detected by the cooling amount detector is equal to or greater than a first threshold.
- the second abnormal stop process is configured to stop the cooling operation when the second threshold value is greater than or equal to the first threshold value.
- the cooling amount detector include a temperature detector that detects the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 (for example, temperature detectors 143 to 145), a timer that measures the cooling operation time after the start of the cooling operation, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the first threshold value is 0, that is, the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 may not be executed.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- the flow of the normal stop process described based on FIG. 10 is executed. Specifically, the combustion operation of the burner 102a is stopped by stopping the supply of the source gas and water to the hydrogen generator 102 and executing the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (step S300). When the combustion is stopped in the burner 102a, after the fire is extinguished, an operation of discharging the gas remaining in the radiant cylinder 9 to the outside of the casing 111 by the air supplied by the combustion air supplier 117 is performed. The combustion stop process of 102a is completed. Next, after the combustion operation of the burner 102a is stopped, the combustion air is supplied from the combustion air supply device to the burner 102a, and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed (step S301).
- step S302 and S303 the temperature detected by the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 becomes equal to or lower than a standby temperature (for example, 500 ° C.)
- a standby temperature for example, 500 ° C.
- the controller 110 stops the combustion air supply device 117 and completes the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (step).
- the stand-by temperature in step S304 is an example of the first threshold value for determining the stop of the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- step S305 when the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 to the standby temperature is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state (step S305). Even after shifting to the standby state, the FP purge process is executed as the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 decreases as in the case of the normal stop process (see steps S106 to S112 in FIG. 2) (steps S306 to S311). ). Note that after the transition to the standby state, when a startup request is generated, a startup command is output from the controller 110 and the startup process is executed even before the execution of the FP purge process.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing in more detail the second abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- the raw material gas and water to the hydrogen generator 102 are the same as in the normal stop process. Is stopped and the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed (see steps S100 and S101 in FIG. 3), whereby the combustion operation in the burner 102a is stopped (step S400).
- the combustion air supply device 117 supplies the combustion air to the burner 102a after the combustion in the burner 102a is stopped under the control of the controller 110, and executes the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (step S401).
- the temperature detected by the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 is set at a standby temperature (for example, 500 (C)) or lower (steps S402 to S404).
- the FP purge process is executed as in the case of the normal stop process (steps S405 to S410).
- the combustion air supplier 117 is stopped (step S411), and the FP cooling operation is completed.
- the controller 110 shifts to a start non-permitted state (step S412).
- the activation disapproval state refers to a state where the activation of the fuel cell system is permitted and the activation command is not output by the controller 110 even when the above-described activation request is generated.
- the controller 110 starts the hydrogen generator 102 described above. This means that no processing is performed.
- the purge temperature is an example of the second threshold value for determining whether the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped.
- the FP purge process is executed in the second abnormal stop process.
- the abnormality detected by the abnormality determiner 110a is an abnormality in the gas leakage system (for example, flammability).
- the source gas that is a combustible gas may leak into the package 111 of the hydrogen generator 102 during the FP purge process, which is dangerous. Therefore, the purge process is not performed.
- a cooling stop temperature lower than the standby temperature is set, and the hydrogen generator until the temperature of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 becomes equal to or lower than the cooling stop temperature.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 may be continued, and the time after the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is measured, and the time when the temperature of the reformer 16 is equal to or lower than the cooling stop temperature is determined in advance. It may be determined by an experiment or the like, and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 may be continued until the time has elapsed.
- the temperature detector 143 is used as the cooling amount detector.
- the temperature detection can detect the increase in the cooling amount due to the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the temperature detector is not limited to this example, and may be another temperature detector provided at a predetermined location in the hydrogen generator 102, or may be another timer such as a timer for measuring the duration of the cooling operation. It may be a device.
- the standby temperature and the purge temperature are examples of the first threshold value and the second threshold value, respectively, and are not limited to this example, and are appropriately set according to the configuration and design concept of the hydrogen generator 102. .
- the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes FP after the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature.
- the combustion air supply device The point that the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 including the burner 102a by 117 is continued and the hydrogen generator 102 is controlled to cool more quickly is different.
- the second abnormal stop process increases the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) compared to the first abnormal stop process.
- the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) can be lowered more quickly to the extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the transition to the maintenance work can be accelerated. It is.
- the first abnormal stop process is controlled so that the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced as compared with the second abnormal stop process. Therefore, depending on the elapsed time since the transition to the standby state, The time required for start-up processing is reduced because the equipment temperature (for example, the temperature of the reformer 16) constituting the apparatus 102 is higher than the ambient temperature (outside air temperature), the energy required to raise the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 is reduced. And the startability of the hydrogen generator 102 is improved.
- the second abnormal stop process has the cooling operation time of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) by the combustion air supply device 117 as compared with the first abnormal stop process.
- the control is performed so that the amount of cooling of the hydrogen generator 102 is increased by controlling the amount to be increased, the present invention is not limited to this, and the amount of operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is controlled to be increased. You may control so that the cooling amount of the apparatus 102 may increase.
- the controller 110 when the first abnormality is detected, after shifting to the standby state, the controller 110 causes the next activation request (for example, activation request by the user via the remote controller 120).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the controller 110 automatically shifts to the standby state shown in FIG. 9 without waiting for the next activation request to be generated. An activation process may be performed.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.
- a mode in which the cooling operation is not executed may be adopted.
- a heat exchanger for recovering heat from the flue gas discharged from the combustor and a heat medium that receives heat recovered from the flue gas in the heat exchanger flow.
- the combustion air supply device is operated in a state where the combustion operation of the combustor is stopped during the abnormal stop process executed by detecting the second abnormality, and the pump is operated in the cooling process for cooling the reformer.
- An example of the aspect comprised is shown.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 3, but the stop process (particularly, the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102) is performed. This is different from the stop process of the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 3.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the sixth embodiment performs an abnormal stop process similar to that of the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fifth embodiment, except for the following points. That is, during the first abnormal stop processing, the controller 110 performs the pump 122 during the cooling operation period in which the combustion air supply device 117 is operated until the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature after the combustion of the burner 102a is stopped. Is controlled to cause the heat medium to flow through the secondary flow path 122b of the heat exchanger 121 and to perform a heat recovery operation using the heat medium via the heat exchanger 121.
- the controller 110 causes the pump 122 to operate during the cooling operation period in which the combustion air supply device 117 is operated until the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the purge temperature after the combustion of the burner 102a is stopped.
- the heat medium is controlled to flow through the secondary flow path 122b of the heat exchanger 121, and the heat recovery operation by the heat medium is executed via the heat exchanger 121.
- the amount of cooling is controlled to be greater during the second abnormal stop process than during the first abnormal stop process.
- the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner 102a during the cooling operation period of the 102 (reformer 16) (the amount of operation of the combustion air supplier 117) is controlled to be larger than that during the first abnormal stop process, combustion exhaust gas
- the controller 110 causes the pump 122 to increase the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the secondary flow path 112b of the heat exchanger 112 when performing the abnormal stop process rather than performing the normal stop process. Is preferably controlled.
- the controller 110 recovers heat from the exhaust air by the heat exchanger 112 when performing the second abnormal stop process, rather than the heat recovery amount from the exhaust air by the heat exchanger 112 when performing the first abnormal stop process. It is preferable to control the flow rate of the heat medium passing through the heat exchanger 112 so that the amount is larger.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the sixth embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fifth embodiment. Further, in the hydrogen generator 102 according to the sixth embodiment, the temperature of the exhaust air exhausted from the combustion exhaust gas path 59 becomes excessively high during the cooling operation period of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16). Can be suppressed, and the hydrogen generator 102 can be stopped more safely.
- a hydrogen generation apparatus includes a gas supply device that supplies gas to a reformer, and the hydrogen generation apparatus is sealed after the hydrogen generation operation of the hydrogen generation apparatus is stopped. It is configured to execute a pressure-compensating operation for replenishing gas from the gas supply device to the reformer as the pressure in the reactor decreases, and the controller detects the second abnormality and executes an abnormal stop process.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fifth embodiment, but the same supplemental pressure as the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 102 according to the seventh embodiment is similar to the hydrogen generator 102 according to the fifth embodiment in the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) during the abnormal stop process. 2
- the abnormal stop process is configured to increase the cooling amount per unit time, compared to the first stop process. Accordingly, in the second abnormal stop process, the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) decreases more rapidly and the pressure decreases faster than in the first abnormal stop process.
- Is configured to increase the frequency of the supplementary pressure processing in the first abnormal stop processing than the frequency of the supplementary pressure processing in the first abnormal stop processing. Thereby, excessive negative pressure in the gas flow path (reformer 16) of the hydrogen generator 102 is suppressed, and the hydrogen generator 102 is protected.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention includes the hydrogen generator 102 according to Embodiment 2.
- the fuel cell system includes the hydrogen generator 102 according to the second embodiment.
- the fuel cell system includes the hydrogen generator 102 and the fuel cell according to the first embodiment. It is obvious that the effects of the present invention are achieved.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the vertical direction in the fuel cell system is shown as the vertical direction in the figure.
- a fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 101, a hydrogen generator 102, an oxidant gas supplier 103, a cooling water tank 104, a condensed water tank 105, heat exchange.
- Each detector 140-145 is provided.
- the package 111 is formed so as to extend in the vertical direction, and each device such as the fuel cell 101 is disposed inside the package 111.
- the abnormality determiner 110a constitutes the abnormality detector of the present invention, and determines various abnormalities based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145.
- the hydrogen generator 102 includes a reformer 16, a transformer 24, a purifier 28 (see FIG. 2), and a burner 102a, and the raw material gas supply port 12 (see FIG. 2) of the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102. 2) is connected to the downstream end of the source gas supply path 41.
- a city gas mainly composed of methane is used as the source gas
- the upstream end of the source gas supply path 41 is connected to a city gas pipe (not shown).
- the source gas supply path 41 is provided with a first on-off valve 71, a booster pump 112a, a flow rate adjustment valve 112b, and a second on-off valve 72 from the upstream side.
- the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are configured to allow / block the flow of the raw material gas flowing through the raw material gas supply path 41.
- a valve such as an electromagnetic valve may be used. it can.
- the booster pump 112a is configured to increase the pressure of the source gas flowing through the source gas supply path 41
- the flow rate adjustment valve 112b is configured to adjust the flow rate of the source gas flowing through the source gas supply path 41.
- the booster pump 112a and the flow rate adjustment valve 112b constitute the raw material gas supplier 112.
- the booster pump 112a and the flow rate adjusting valve 112b constitute the raw material gas supply unit 112, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the raw material gas supply unit 112 may be configured only by the booster pump 112a. That is, the booster pump 112a may be configured to increase the pressure of the source gas and adjust the flow rate.
- the burner (combustor) 102a is connected to the downstream end of the off-fuel gas path 43, and is configured so that excess fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the burner 102a as off-fuel gas. Has been. Also, the downstream end of the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 is connected to the burner 102a, and the scavenged oxidation gas is obtained by the cathode purge process of the fuel cell 101 that is performed when the fuel cell system 100 described later is started or stopped. A gas (hereinafter referred to as cathode purge gas) present in the agent gas flow path 101b is supplied to the burner 102a. Furthermore, the downstream end of the combustion air supply path 56 is connected to the burner 102a, and the combustion air supply device 117 is connected to the upstream end.
- the burner 102a is supplied with the raw material gas supplied through a flow path (not shown) (or the off-fuel gas supplied from the fuel cell 101 via the off-fuel gas path 43, or the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 from the fuel cell 101).
- the cathode purge gas supplied via the combustion air is burned by the combustion air supplied from the combustion air supply device 117 via the combustion air supply path 56.
- the combustion air supply device 117 for example, fans such as a blower or a sirocco fan can be used.
- the downstream end of the reforming water supply path 57 is connected to the water supply port 13 (see FIG. 2) of the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102, and the upstream end thereof is connected to the second condensed water tank 105B. Connected to the bottom of the. Further, a third pump 113 that adjusts the flow rate of the reforming water (condensed water) that flows through the reforming water supply path 57 is provided in the middle of the reforming water supply path 57.
- the condensate is supplied directly from the second condensate tank 105B to the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the first condensate tank 105A is not limited thereto.
- the condensate stored in the second condensate tank 105 ⁇ / b> B may be supplied to the cooling water tank 104 and stored in the cooling water tank 104. A part of the cooling water being supplied may be supplied to the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the upstream end of the oxidizing air supply path 58 is connected to the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the oxidizing air supply 116.
- the oxidizing air supply unit 116 is configured to supply air used for the oxidation reaction in the purifier.
- fans such as a blower and a sirocco fan can be used as the oxidizing air supply 116.
- the reformer 16 utilizes the heat transfer of the combustion exhaust gas generated by the burner 102a, the source gas (methane) supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 via the source gas supply path 41, and the first By performing a reforming reaction with the condensed water supplied from the condensed water tank 105A, a hydrogen-rich hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) is generated. Further, the transformer 24 reduces the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas by subjecting the reformed gas generated in the reformer 16 to a shift reaction. In the purifier 28, the carbon monoxide in the reformed gas whose carbon monoxide has been reduced by the transformer 24 reacts with the oxidizing air supplied from the oxidizing air supply 116 via the oxidizing air supply path 58.
- fuel gas in which carbon monoxide is reduced to 10 ppm or less is generated.
- methane is used as the raw material gas.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and examples thereof include gases containing hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane, gases containing gaseous alcohol, and the like.
- a gas containing an organic compound composed of at least carbon and hydrogen can be used.
- the hydrogen generator 102 in the fuel cell system 100 of the eighth embodiment the embodiment in which the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 are provided is employed, but is included in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 16. If it is not necessary to further reduce carbon monoxide, a configuration in which the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 are not provided may be employed.
- the hydrogen using device 101 is a device that is not easily poisoned with respect to carbon monoxide (for example, a solid oxide fuel cell), the above configuration is adopted.
- the upstream end of the fuel gas supply path 42 is connected to the fuel gas outlet 32 (see FIG. 2) of the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102, and in the middle thereof, a first switch composed of a three-way valve. 73 is provided, and the downstream end of the fuel gas supply path 42 is connected to the upstream end of the fuel gas passage 101 a of the fuel cell 101.
- the fuel gas supply path 42 includes a first fuel gas supply path 42 a and a second fuel gas supply path 42 b, and the upstream end of the first fuel gas supply path 42 a is connected to the hydrogen generator 102. It is connected to the fuel gas outlet 32 of the purifier 28, and its downstream end is connected to the first port 73 a of the first switch 73.
- the upstream end of the second fuel gas supply path 42 b is connected to the third port 73 c of the first switch 73, and the downstream end is connected to the upstream end of the fuel gas channel 101 a of the fuel cell 101. ing. Note that the upstream end of the fuel gas bypass path 44 is connected to the second port 73 b of the first switch 73, and the downstream end thereof is connected in the middle of the off-fuel gas path 43.
- the upstream end of the off-fuel gas path 43 is connected to the downstream end of the fuel gas passage 101 a of the fuel cell 101, and the downstream end is connected to the burner 102 a of the hydrogen generator 102.
- a fourth on-off valve 75 for permitting / blocking the flow of fuel gas or the like flowing through the off-fuel gas path 43 is provided upstream of the connection point of the off-fuel gas path 43 with the fuel gas bypass path 44. It has been.
- a first condenser 114 is provided on the downstream side of the connection point between the off-fuel gas path 43 and the fuel gas bypass path 44, and the primary flow path 114 a of the off-fuel gas path 43 and the first condenser 114 is provided. And are connected.
- the first condenser 114 is configured to separate unreacted fuel gas and moisture by condensing water vapor and liquefying it into water.
- the upstream end of the first condensed water path 45 formed so as to extend in the vertical direction is connected to the downstream side of the first condenser 114 in the off fuel gas path 43.
- the downstream end is connected to the upper part (here, the upper end surface) of the second condensed water tank 105B.
- a seventh on-off valve 78 is provided on the downstream side of the connection point of the off-gas fuel gas path 43 with the fuel gas bypass path 44.
- the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 102 is supplied to the fuel gas channel 101a of the fuel cell 101, and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas channel 101a flows through the fuel gas channel 101a. In the meantime, it is supplied to the anode (not shown) of each cell and subjected to an electrochemical reaction. Further, surplus fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 101 flows into the off-fuel gas path 43 as off-gas. While the surplus fuel gas that has flowed into the off-fuel gas path 43 flows through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114, the water vapor contained in the fuel gas is condensed and liquefied into water.
- the surplus fuel gas separated by the first condenser 114 is supplied to the burner 102a as an off gas, and is burned by the burner 102a as described above.
- the water separated by the first condenser 114 is supplied to the second condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> B via the first condensed water path 45.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 103 is configured to be able to supply an oxidant gas (here, air) to the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101.
- an oxidant gas here, air
- a fan such as a blower or a sirocco fan is used.
- An upstream end of an oxidant gas supply path 46 is connected to the oxidant gas supply device 103, and a downstream end thereof is connected to the oxidant gas flow path 101 b of the fuel cell 101.
- the third on-off valve 74 is configured to open and close the oxidant gas supply path 46, and for example, a valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used.
- the downstream end of the purge gas supply path 49 is connected to the oxidant gas supply path 46 downstream of the third on-off valve 74, and the upstream end thereof is connected to the flow rate adjusting valve 112 b of the source gas supply path 41 and the second end. It is connected to the part between the on-off valve 72.
- the purge gas supply path 49 is configured to allow a source gas as a purge gas or a supplemental gas to flow therethrough, and a sixth on-off valve 77 is provided in the middle thereof.
- the sixth on-off valve 77 is configured to open and close the purge gas supply path 49, and for example, a valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used.
- the upstream end of the off-oxidant gas passage 47 is connected to the downstream end of the oxidant gas passage 101 b of the fuel cell 101, and the downstream end is opened to the outside of the fuel cell system 100.
- a fifth on-off valve 76 that opens and closes the off-oxidant gas path 47 is provided in the middle of the off-oxidant gas path 47.
- the upstream end of the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 is connected between the upstream end of the off-oxidant gas path 47 and the fifth on-off valve 76, and the downstream end of the hydrogen generator 102 is connected as described above. It is connected to the burner 102a.
- a ninth on-off valve 81 is provided in the cathode purge gas discharge path 50.
- a second condenser 115 is provided downstream of the fifth on-off valve 76 in the off-oxidant gas path 47, and the off-oxidant gas path 47 and the primary flow path 115 a of the second condenser 115 are provided. It is connected.
- the second condenser 115 condenses the water vapor in the off-oxidant gas flowing through the off-oxidant gas path 47 and liquefies it into water, thereby surplus off-oxidant gas and moisture that have not been used in the fuel cell 101. Are configured to separate.
- the off-oxidant gas path 47 on the downstream side of the second condenser 115 extends vertically downward and is connected to the first condensed water tank 105A.
- the oxidant gas is supplied from the oxidant gas supply unit 103 to the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 via the oxidant gas supply path 46, and the oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 101b.
- the agent gas is supplied to the cathode (not shown) of each cell while passing through the oxidant gas flow path 101b and is subjected to an electrochemical reaction. Further, the surplus oxidant gas that has not been used for the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 101 flows into the off-oxidant gas path 47 together with the water generated by the electrochemical reaction.
- the excess oxidant gas that has flowed into the off-oxidant gas path 47 is condensed into water by the water vapor contained in the oxidant gas being condensed while flowing through the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115. The Then, excess oxidant gas discharged from the second condenser 115 is introduced into the first condensed water tank 105A via the off-oxidant gas path 47, and then from an exhaust port provided in the first condensed water tank 105A. It is discharged and finally discharged outside the fuel cell system 100 (outside the package 111). On the other hand, the water separated by the second condenser 115 is supplied to the first condensed water tank 105A. Note that the water supplied to the first condensed water tank 105A is configured to be supplied to the second condensed water tank 105B when a predetermined amount or more is stored.
- the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas flow path 101a to the anode of each cell and the oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant gas flow path 101b to the cathode of each cell are electrochemically generated. It reacts to generate electricity and heat. Excess fuel gas that has not been used for the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 101 flows through the off-fuel gas path 43 and is stored in the second condensed water tank 105B.
- the fuel cell 101 collects heat generated by the electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidant gas, and a cooling water flow through which cooling water (first heat medium) for cooling the fuel cell 101 flows.
- a path 101c is provided.
- the downstream end of the cooling water supply path 51 is connected to the upstream end of the cooling water flow path 101c, and the upstream end is connected to the lower part of the cooling water tank 104 for storing cooling water.
- the upstream end of the cooling water discharge path 52 is connected to the downstream end of the cooling water flow path 101 c, and the downstream end is connected to the lower end surface of the cooling water tank 104.
- a heat exchanger 106 is provided at an appropriate position of the cooling water path (first heat medium path), for example, a cooling water path other than the cooling water flow path 101 c in the fuel cell 101, and the cooling water supply path 51 and the heat exchanger 106 are connected to each other.
- the primary flow path 106a is connected.
- the heat exchanger 106 is provided in the cooling water supply path 51 as an example.
- the heat exchanger 106 can exchange heat between cooling water flowing through the primary flow path 106a and hot water (second heat medium) flowing through the secondary flow path 106b described later. It is configured as follows.
- the cooling water supply path 51, the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106, the cooling water flow path 101c of the fuel cell 101, and the cooling water discharge path 52 constitute a cooling water path (first heat medium path).
- a temperature detector 137 is provided near the upstream end of the cooling water discharge path 52.
- the temperature detector 137 is configured to detect the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water path and output the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- a temperature detector 147 is provided in the cooling water supply path 51 downstream of the heat exchanger 106 to detect the temperature of the cooling water flowing into the fuel cell 101 after passing through the heat exchanger 106. Is configured to do.
- the temperature detector that detects the temperature of the cooling water is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be either the temperature detector 137 or the temperature detector 147, and on the cooling water path (first heat medium path). If it exists, it may be provided at any location.
- a first pump (first flow rate controller) 107 for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water path is provided at an appropriate position of the cooling water path (here, the cooling water supply path 51).
- the pump which can adjust flow volume is used here as a 1st flow controller of this invention, it is not limited to this, For example, it is good also as a structure as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, a part is omitted.
- a heat exchange bypass path 208 that branches off from the cooling water path (here, the cooling water discharge path 52) and bypasses the heat exchanger 106 is provided, and the cooling water after passing through the fuel cell 101 is heated. Adjusting the flow rate of cooling water flowing through the heat exchanger 106 by combining a flow rate regulator (for example, the mixing valve 209) that adjusts the flow rate flowing into each of the alternating bypass path 208 and the heat exchanger 106 and a pump. You may employ
- the cooling water flowing through the cooling water supply path 51 passes through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 and the hot water and heat flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106. Replace and cool.
- the cooled cooling water is supplied to the cooling water passage 101c of the fuel cell 101.
- the cooling water supplied to the cooling water channel 101 c recovers heat generated in the fuel cell 101 and cools the fuel cell 101.
- the cooling water recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the cooling water tank 104.
- the hot water storage tank 109 is formed so as to extend in the vertical direction, and a water supply path 53 for supplying city water is connected to a lower portion of the hot water storage tank 109, and an upper portion of the hot water storage tank 109 is connected to the hot water storage tank 109. Is connected to a hot water supply channel 54 for supplying hot water to the user.
- the hot water supply channel 54 is connected to a heat load that uses the hot water (not shown). Examples of the thermal load include hot water supply equipment, heating equipment, and air conditioning equipment.
- the hot water path 55 is provided with a second pump (second transmitter) 108, a first condenser 114, a second condenser 115, and a heat exchanger 106 in order from the upstream side.
- the secondary flow path 114b of the first condenser 114, the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115, and the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106 are respectively connected.
- the hot water flowing through the hot water path 55 passes through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114 while flowing through the secondary flow path 114b of the first condenser 114.
- the stored hot water flowing through the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115 flows through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 while flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106.
- Heat is exchanged with cooling water.
- the heated hot water is supplied to the upper end of the hot water tank 109 through the hot water passage 55.
- the hot water storage tank 109 stores water having a low temperature close to the city water temperature in the lower part, and stores a heat medium heated by the heat exchanger 106 or the like in the upper part. It becomes a hot water storage tank.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a temperature detector 146 that detects the temperature of hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 106 in the hot water path 55, and a hot water path 55 that is downstream of the temperature detector 146.
- the hot water storage tank 109 and the hot water storage bypass serve as the hot water storage bypass path 207 that bypasses the hot water storage tank 109 and connects to the hot water storage water path 55 upstream of the first condenser 114, and the hot water inflow destination after passing through the heat exchanger 106.
- a switcher 206 that switches to and from the path 207.
- an inverter 118 is electrically connected to the fuel cell 101 by appropriate wiring, and a direct current generated by the fuel cell 101 is converted into an alternating current, and power is supplied to an electric power load outside the fuel cell system 100. It is configured to supply.
- a system power supply is connected to the electrical path through which the current output from the inverter 118 flows (not shown) via a system interconnection point. That is, the output power of the fuel cell 101 and the power from the system power supply are grid-connected at the grid connection point.
- an intake port 61 and an exhaust port 62 are provided at appropriate positions of the package 111.
- the intake port 61 and the exhaust port 62 are preferably provided as far away from each other as possible so that the outside air can flow through the entire package 111.
- the exhaust port 62 may be a city gas mainly composed of methane, hydrogen, or the like. It is preferable that the flammable gas, which is lighter than oxygen, is provided on the upper portion of the package 111 where it is likely to stay.
- a ventilation fan 119 is disposed in the vicinity of the exhaust port 62.
- the ventilation fan 119 can be a fan such as a sirocco fan.
- a combustible gas sensor 140 In the package 111 of the fuel cell system 100, a combustible gas sensor 140 is provided.
- the combustible gas sensor 140 detects leakage (concentration) of combustible gas (for example, raw material gas or hydrogen gas) in the fuel cell system 100 (package 111), and supplies the detected combustible gas concentration to the controller 110. It is configured to output.
- the combustible gas sensor 140 is an upper part of the package 111 in which a combustible gas that is lighter than oxygen such as city gas or hydrogen, which is mainly composed of methane, is located in the vicinity of the ventilation fan 119. Is provided.
- the controller 110 is configured by a computer such as a microcomputer, and includes an arithmetic processing unit including a CPU, a storage unit including a memory, a communication unit, and a clock unit having a calendar function (all of which are not shown). )
- the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it, thereby performing various controls relating to the fuel cell system 100.
- the arithmetic processing unit processes data stored in the storage unit and data input from the operation input unit. In particular, the abnormality determination program read from the storage unit and detections input from the detectors 140 to 145 are processed.
- an abnormality determiner 110a that determines whether an abnormality that accompanies the stop of the fuel cell system 100 has occurred based on the value.
- Abnormal stop processing is executed.
- the controller means not only a single controller but also a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 110 does not need to be composed of a single controller, and a plurality of controllers may be arranged in a distributed manner so as to control the fuel cell system 100 in cooperation with each other. .
- the abnormality determiner 110a is configured to determine whether or not there is an abnormality based on the detection values input from the detectors 140 to 145.
- the detectors 140 to 145 may include an arithmetic unit such as a microcomputer, so that it is possible to determine whether or not there is an abnormality based on the physical quantity detected by each detector.
- the remote controller 120 includes a control unit (not shown) configured by a microcomputer, a communication unit (not shown), a display unit 120a, and a key operation unit 120b.
- the control unit controls the communication unit and the like. I have control.
- the remote controller 120 receives a control signal by the communication unit, and the control unit processes this and transmits it to the display unit 120a.
- an operation signal input from the key operation unit 120 b of the remote control 120 is transmitted to the controller 110 via the control unit and communication unit of the remote control 120 and received by the communication unit of the controller 110.
- the exchange of signals between the controller 110 and the remote controller 120 is described by omitting communication by both communication units and processing of the control unit in the remote controller 120.
- startup processing startup operation of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8
- the following operation is performed by the controller 110 controlling the fuel cell system 100 by the user operating the remote controller 120.
- the third on-off valve 74, the fifth on-off valve 76, and the sixth on-off valve 77 are respectively set so as not to flow through the source gas and the oxidant gas oxidant gas supply path 46. Keep the valve closed. Further, the first switch 73 communicates the first port 73a with the second port 73b so that fuel gas in which carbon monoxide is not sufficiently reduced is not supplied to the fuel gas passage 101a of the fuel cell 101. And the 3rd port 73c is interrupted
- the second on-off valve 72 opens the valve.
- the source gas bypasses the hydrogen generator 102 and is supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 to the burner 102a through a flow path (not shown).
- combustion air is supplied from the combustion air supplier 117 to the burner 102 a via the combustion air supply path 56.
- the supplied source gas is combusted with combustion air, and combustion exhaust gas is produced
- the generated flue gas flows through the flue gas passage 10 (see FIG. 2) provided in the hydrogen generator 102, heats the reformer 16, the transformer 24, and the purifier 28, and then the fuel cell system. 100 (package 111) is discharged outside.
- the reformer 16, the transformer 24, and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 are heated by heat transfer from the combustion exhaust gas.
- the source gas is supplied from the source gas supply unit 112 to the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 via the source gas supply path 41, and the reforming water supply path 57 from the first condensed water tank 105A.
- the reforming water (condensed water) is supplied via the.
- the supplied water is heated to become water vapor, and the raw material gas and water vapor react to generate a hydrogen-containing gas containing hydrogen.
- the generated hydrogen-containing gas passes through the transformer 24 and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 and is sent out from the hydrogen generator 102 as fuel gas with reduced carbon monoxide.
- the delivered fuel gas is introduced into the first fuel gas supply path 42a from the fuel gas outlet 32 (see FIG. 2) of the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102.
- the fuel gas introduced into the first fuel gas supply path 42a is divided into the first fuel gas supply path 42a, the fuel gas bypass path 44, and the off fuel gas path 43 (more precisely, the fuel gas bypass path 44 and the off fuel gas path 43 flows through the off-fuel gas path 43) downstream of the junction with 43 and is supplied to the burner 102 a.
- the direct supply of the raw material gas bypassing the hydrogen generator 102 from the raw material gas supplier 112 to the burner 102a is stopped.
- the temperature detector 143 (see FIG. 2) provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 500 ° C.)
- the sixth open / close valve 77 and the ninth open / close valve 81 Opens the valve, and the source gas flows through the purge gas supply path 49 and the oxidant gas supply path 46 (more precisely, the path downstream of the third on-off valve 74 of the oxidant gas supply path 46).
- the hydrogen that is supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 and enters the oxidant gas flow path 101b through the electrolyte from the fuel gas flow path 101a during the stop period of the fuel cell system 100 is caused by the source gas.
- the cathode purge gas and the source gas scavenged by the cathode purge process flow through the cathode purge gas discharge path 50, are supplied to the burner 102a, and are burned.
- the sixth on-off valve 77 and the ninth on-off valve 81 is closed to finish the cathode purge process.
- the temperature detectors 143 to 145 (see FIG. 2) provided in the reformer 16, the transformer 24, and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 are set at a predetermined temperature (for example, the reformer 16 is 600 to 650 ° C., the transformer 24 is 200 to 250 ° C., and the purifier 28 is 130 to 170 ° C.), the controller 110 ends the start-up process of the fuel cell system 100 and shifts to the power generation process (power generation operation). To do.
- the controller 110 detects that the temperatures detected by the temperature detectors 143 to 145 provided in the reformer 16, the transformer 24, and the purifier 28 of the hydrogen generator 102 are predetermined temperatures (for example, reforming).
- the vessel 16 reaches a predetermined temperature within 600 to 650 ° C.
- the transformer 24 reaches a predetermined temperature within 200 to 250 ° C.
- the purifier 28 reaches a predetermined temperature within 130 to 170 ° C.
- the 3rd on-off valve 74, the 4th on-off valve 75, and the 5th on-off valve 76 open each valve.
- the first switch 73 causes the first port 73a to communicate with the third port 73c, blocks the second port 73b, and starts the operation of the oxidant gas supplier 103.
- the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 102 flows through the first fuel gas supply path 42 a and the second fuel gas supply path 42 b (that is, the fuel gas supply path 42), and the fuel gas of the fuel cell 101. Supplied to the channel 101a. Further, the oxidant gas is supplied from the oxidant gas supply device 103 through the oxidant gas supply path 46 and supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 101 b of the fuel cell 101.
- the fuel gas and the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel gas channel 101a and the oxidant gas channel 101b of the fuel cell 101 are supplied to the anode and cathode of each cell, respectively, and react electrochemically to form water. Is generated, generating electricity and heat.
- the generated electricity is converted from a direct current to an alternating current by an inverter 118 and supplied to an electric power load outside the fuel cell system 100.
- Surplus fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the off-fuel gas path 43 as off-fuel gas. While the surplus fuel gas supplied to the off-fuel gas path 43 flows through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114, water vapor contained in the fuel gas is condensed and liquefied into water. The surplus fuel gas that has passed through the first condenser 114 is supplied to the burner 102a as off-fuel gas, and is burned in the burner 102a as described above. On the other hand, the water separated by the first condenser 114 is supplied to the second condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> B via the off fuel gas path 43.
- surplus oxidant gas that has not been used in the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 101 is supplied to the oxidant gas path 47.
- the excess off-oxidant gas supplied to the off-oxidant gas path 47 is condensed into water by the water vapor contained in the oxidant gas being condensed while flowing through the primary flow path 115a of the second condenser 115. Is done.
- the surplus oxidant gas that has passed through the second condenser 115 is finally discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 through the exhaust port of the first condensed water tank 105A.
- the water separated by the second condenser 115 is supplied to the first condensed water tank 105 ⁇ / b> A via the off-oxidant gas path 47.
- cooling water is supplied from the cooling water tank 104 to the cooling water flow path 101c of the fuel cell 101 via the cooling water path (more precisely, the cooling water supply path 51). Is done. Specifically, the cooling water flows from the cooling water tank 104 through the cooling water supply path 51 and is supplied to the primary flow path 106 a of the heat exchanger 106. The cooling water supplied to the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 is stored in hot water flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106 while flowing through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106. It is cooled by exchanging heat.
- the cooled cooling water flows through the cooling water supply path 51 and is supplied to the cooling water channel 101 c of the fuel cell 101.
- the cooling water supplied to the cooling water channel 101 c recovers heat generated in the fuel cell 101 and cools the fuel cell 101.
- the cooling water recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101 flows through the cooling water discharge path 52 and is supplied to the cooling water tank 104.
- the hot water supplied from the lower part (here, the lower end surface) of the hot water tank 109 to the hot water path 55 is the secondary flow path 114b of the first condenser 114 and the secondary flow path 115b of the second condenser 115.
- the heat exchange with the surplus fuel gas and oxidant gas flowing through the primary flow path 114a of the first condenser 114 and the primary flow path 115a of the second condenser 115 is performed, respectively.
- the heated hot water is supplied to the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106 and passes through the primary flow path 106a of the heat exchanger 106 while flowing through the secondary flow path 106b of the heat exchanger 106. It is further heated by exchanging heat with the flowing cooling water.
- the heated hot water is supplied to the upper part of the hot water tank 109 through the hot water path 55 and supplied to the heat load from the hot water supply path 54.
- the normal stop process referred to here is a stop process different from the stop process (abnormality detection / stop process) executed when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detector during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100. Refers to that. For example, there are a stop process executed when the power demand of the power load decreases to a level where it is not necessary to execute the power generation operation, a stop process executed when a preset stop time is reached, and the like.
- the stop process is defined as an operation from when the controller 110 outputs a stop signal until the fuel cell system 100 completes the stop process. It should be noted that after the completion of the stop process of the fuel cell system 100, the controller 110 is operating, the operation of the parts other than the controller 110 is stopped, and when an activation request is generated, the controller 110 A start command is output, and a transition is made to a standby state in which start processing can be started immediately.
- a stop command is input by the remote controller 120 by a user's operation, or the power demand of the power load falls below a predetermined threshold (load power not shown)
- a stop signal is output when the power demand of the load power detected by the detector becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. Further, the power generation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped by setting the output of the inverter 118 to zero and electrically disconnecting the electric circuit on the outlet side of the inverter 118.
- FIG. 14A is a flowchart showing a main operation of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14B is a flowchart showing main operations of normal stop processing in the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell in the normal stop process of the fuel cell system according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- step S500 the operation of the oxidant gas supply device 103 is stopped, the supply of the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas flow path 101b is stopped (step S500), and the third on-off valve 74 and the fifth on-off valve 76 are closed. Then, the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 is shut off from the outside air (step S501).
- the first switch 73 communicates the first port 73a with the second port 73b, shuts off the third port 73c, and the fourth on-off valve 75 closes the valve (step S502).
- the flow path between the third port 73c of the first switch 73 and the fourth on-off valve 75 that is, the second fuel gas supply path 42b, the fuel gas flow path 101a of the fuel cell 101, and the off-fuel gas.
- the fuel gas is confined in the flow path up to the fourth on-off valve 75 in the path 43, and mixing of air or the like into the fuel gas flow path 101a from the outside is suppressed, so that deterioration of the anode can be suppressed.
- the booster pump 112a, the third pump 113, and the oxidizing air supply unit 116 are stopped, and the supply of the raw material gas, the reforming water, and the oxidizing air to the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped (step S503). Furthermore, the first on-off valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the seventh on-off valve 78 close the valves (step S504).
- the power generation is also stopped.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is air-cooled by the air supplied by the combustion air supplier 117, and the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 decreases with time.
- step S505 when the detected temperature (step S505) of the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 becomes equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature (Yes in step S506), the fifth on-off valve 76 and the sixth on-off valve are opened.
- the valve 77 and the ninth on-off valve 81 are opened (step S507), the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are opened, and the operation of the booster pump 112a is started (during the stop process of the fuel cell system 100). (Start of cathode purge process in step S508).
- the cathode purge temperature is a temperature that is lower than the heat resistant temperature of the catalyst used in the reformer 16 even if the temperature increase of the hydrogen generator 102 during the cathode purge process during the stop process is added (for example, 600 ° C).
- the reformer 16 inside the hydrogen generator 102 is in a state in which the raw material gas and water vapor sealed in the internal space remain immediately after the stop, so the stop process At the time of cathode purge treatment, the possibility of carbon deposition from the raw material is reduced.
- the source gas flows from the source gas supply path 41 through the purge gas supply path 49, and the oxidant gas supply path 46 (precisely, the purge gas supply path 49 and the oxidant gas supply path 46 join together).
- the oxidant gas present in the oxidant gas flow path 101b is purged by the purge gas, and the off-oxidant gas path 47 (to be precise, the path upstream of the fifth on-off valve 76 in the off-oxidant gas path 47).
- the cathode purge gas discharge path 50 is supplied to the burner 102a.
- the oxidant gas and source gas supplied to the burner 102a are combusted in the burner 102a (step S509).
- the elapsed time T2 from the start of the cathode purge process in the stop process is measured (step S510), and when the elapsed time T2 becomes equal to or longer than the cathode purge time J2 (Yes in step S511), the booster pump 112a is measured.
- the first on-off valve 71 and the second on-off valve 72 are closed (step S512), and the fifth on-off valve 76, the sixth on-off valve 77, and the ninth on-off valve 81 are closed (of the fuel cell system 100). (End of cathode purge process during stop process) (step S513).
- the cathode purge time is defined as the time required for scavenging at least the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 101b of the fuel cell 101 from the oxidant gas flow path 101b.
- the closed flow path formed by the third on-off valve 74, the sixth on-off valve 77, the fifth on-off valve 76, and the ninth on-off valve 81 that is, the downstream side from the sixth on-off valve 77 of the purge gas supply path 49.
- Path a downstream path from the third on-off valve 74 of the oxidant gas supply path 46, an oxidant gas passage 101b, a fifth on-off valve 76 of the off-oxidant gas path 47, and a ninth on-off valve of the cathode purge gas discharge path 50.
- Purge gas is confined in the flow path up to 81 (hereinafter referred to as purge gas sealing flow path), and mixing of air or the like into the oxidant gas flow path 101b from the outside is suppressed.
- the combustion air supplier 117 supplies combustion air to the burner 102a even after combustion in the burner 102a in the cathode purge process is stopped. Thereby, the reformer 16 and the like of the hydrogen generator 102 are also cooled by the combustion air flowing through the combustion exhaust gas path 59 (see FIG. 2) (cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102).
- the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 is the temperature of the reformer 16. Is detected (step S514), and if the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the standby temperature (for example, 500 ° C.) (Yes in step S515), the combustion air supplier 117 supplies the combustion air to the burner 102a. The process is stopped (step S516), and the cooling process of the hydrogen generator 102 is completed.
- a predetermined cooling operation exhaust heat recovery operation
- the operations of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are executed (step S600), and the stored hot water is used as a heat exchanger.
- heat is exchanged with the cooling water, and the residual heat held by the fuel cell 101 is recovered.
- the controller 110 detects that the temperature detected by the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 is equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature and the cathode purge process is started during the stop process (step S601). Then, the operation of the first pump 107 is stopped (step S602). When the cathode purge process during the stop process is completed (step S603), the operation of the first pump 107 is resumed (step S604), and the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature in step S515 of FIG. 14B. (Step S605), and when the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 by the combustion air supply 117 is stopped in step S516 of FIG. 14B, the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are also stopped. The operation is stopped (step S606).
- the standby state is a state where the next fuel cell system 100 is waiting to start operation. For example, when a predetermined activation request is generated, an activation command is output from the controller 110, and It is defined as a state that shifts to execution of the next startup process.
- Examples of the activation request include, for example, that the power demand of the power load is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the power generation output of the fuel cell system, or that the user operates the key operation unit 120b of the remote controller 120 to make a power generation start request. To do.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is naturally cooled because the combustion air supply 117 is stopped.
- the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 is provided.
- the temperature detector 143 provided in the temperature detector again detects the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 (step S518), and the detected temperature t1 is equal to or lower than the FP purge temperature (for example, 300 ° C.) lower than the standby temperature.
- the first on-off valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the seventh on-off valve 78 open their respective valves, and the booster pump 112a is activated (purge process (FP ( (Fuel Processor) purge process) start) (step S520).
- FP Fluel Processor
- the raw material gas (purge gas) is supplied from the raw material gas supply device 112 to the hydrogen generating device 102, and the gas such as water vapor existing in the reactor such as the reformer 16 provided in the hydrogen generating device 102 is the raw material gas.
- the gas sent to the burner 102a is burned by the burner 102a (step S521).
- the FP purge temperature is not changed even if the temperature rise of the reformer 16 due to the combustion operation in the burner 102a during the FP purge process for the hydrogen generator 102 is added. It is defined as the temperature at which no precipitation occurs.
- the elapsed time T3 from the start of the FP purge process is measured (step S522).
- the booster pump 112a is stopped and the first opening / closing is performed.
- the valve 71, the second on-off valve 72, and the seventh on-off valve 78 are closed (end of the FP purge process) (step S524).
- the FP purge time is defined as the time required for at least the water vapor in the hydrogen generator 102 to be scavenged.
- the fuel cell system 100 when the operation is stopped in a normal state, at least a stop process that protects at least the function of the fuel cell 101 (for example, the fuel cell system 100).
- the cathode purge process at the time of the stop process) is executed, and the apparatus quickly shifts to the standby state.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation is performed only until the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 can be restarted (that is, until the temperature of the reformer 16 is equal to or lower than the standby temperature). It is configured to perform the minimum necessary cooling operation such as.
- the temperature of the device such as the fuel cell 101 is higher than the ambient temperature (outside air temperature).
- the energy required to raise the temperature of 101 is reduced, the time required for the startup process is shortened, and the startup performance of the fuel cell system 100 is improved.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102, the FP purge process, the cathode purge process of the fuel cell 101, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 are performed.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a mode in which at least one of the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator (reformer), the FP purge process, the cathode purge process of the fuel cell, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell may not be performed may be employed.
- a mode may be adopted in which the stop timing of the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator (reformer) and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell are stopped at a timing different from the above flow.
- an abnormality detection / stop process a process of detecting an abnormality and a subsequent stop process (hereinafter referred to as an abnormality detection / stop process) will be described based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145 of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8. .
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. The flow is the same as the abnormality detection / stop processing program (see FIG. 5) in the hydrogen generator 102 of the second embodiment.
- the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 acquires detection values detected from the detectors 140 to 145 (step S200), and the detection values acquired in step S200 are obtained. Then, it is determined whether it is abnormal (step S201). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S200, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S200 and S201 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S202.
- step S202 a stop process (hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process) corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110. Then, when this stop process is completed, the process proceeds to step S203.
- an abnormal stop process hereinafter referred to as an abnormal stop process
- step S203 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S204, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality.
- step S205 the process proceeds to step S205.
- step S204 when the abnormal stop process is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state and ends the program.
- step S205 the fuel cell system 100 shifts to an activation disapproval state in which activation is not permitted even when an activation request is generated, and the program ends.
- the abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality is executed. However, a cooling operation common to each abnormality (a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101, etc.) is executed.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing in more detail the abnormal stop processing in the flowchart of the stop processing program by abnormality detection shown in FIG.
- the failure of the temperature detector 137 belongs to the second abnormality
- the abnormality stopping process described below is not limited to the case where the second abnormality is detected, and there is an abnormality that requires the fuel cell system 100 to stop operating.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 are similarly executed. That is, even when the first abnormality is detected, the same processing is performed for the cooling operation of the fuel cell system 100.
- step S700 when the detected value of the temperature detector becomes a value indicating a short circuit or a disconnection, and the abnormality determiner 110 a determines that there is an abnormality, first, supply of the source gas and water is performed as a stop operation for the hydrogen generator 102. And the combustion operation in the burner 102a is stopped by performing the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (see steps S100 and S101 in FIG. 3) (step S700). On the other hand, power generation is stopped for the fuel cell 101 (step S712), and after the power generation is stopped, the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are operated, and the exhaust heat recovery operation for the retained heat remaining in the fuel cell 101 is performed. (Step S712).
- step S701 As the stopping operation for the fuel cell 101, the oxidant gas supply device 103 and the like are stopped, and the on-off valves are closed (see steps S500 to S504 in FIG. 14A) (step S701). Thereby, in the burner 102a of the hydrogen generator 102, the combustion of the fuel gas and the combustion air is stopped, and the power generation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped.
- step S702 the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed from the air supplied by the combustion air supplier 117 (step S702).
- step S703 the cathode purge process in the stop process is executed (step S703). (See Steps S506 to S513 in FIGS. 14A and 14B) (Step S704).
- Step S713 the operation of the first pump 107 is stopped, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped (step S713).
- Step S705 After the cathode purge process in the stop process is completed (step S705) and the combustion operation in the burner 102a is completed, the operation of the first pump 107 is restarted and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is restarted. (Step S714).
- step S706 Even if the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 falls below the standby temperature (step S706), the operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is continued unlike the normal stop process.
- Step S707 Further, the operations of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are continued (Step S715).
- step S708 when the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 falls below the FP purge temperature (step S708), the FP purge process (see steps S106 to S112 in FIG. 3) is started (see FIG. 3). Step S709). Thereafter, when the FP purge process is completed (step S710), the controller 110 stops the operation of the combustion air supply device 117, the first pump 107, and the second pump 108 (steps S711, S716), and the abnormal stop process. Is completed, and the fuel cell system 100 is shifted to the activation disapproval state (step S717).
- the transition to the activation disapproval state means that even if the user operates the remote controller 120 and inputs an activation command so that the user starts the operation of the fuel cell system 100, the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 This means that the above-described fuel cell system 100 is not permitted to be activated, and the activation is not output. That is, in the eighth embodiment, the controller 110 controls the controller 110 even if a user or the like mistakenly operates the key operation unit 120b of the remote control 120 to transmit an activation command to the communication unit of the controller 110.
- the device 110 is configured not to permit activation of the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 110 performs control so that the amount of operation during the rated operation of the fuel cell system 100 becomes larger.
- the temperature of the hydrogen generator 102 which is a device constituting the fuel cell system 100, decreases more quickly, and it becomes easier to proceed to maintenance work.
- the rated operation of the fuel cell system 100 is defined as an operation that generates power at the maximum output that can be stably output during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100.
- the cathode purge process is executed. However, a form in which this is not executed may be adopted.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 are executed. However, in the abnormal stop process, if the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator (reformer 16) is set to be larger than that in the normal stop process, the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell.
- the respective stop timings are not limited to the flow shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an outline of hot water storage control in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the control of the hot water temperature is performed so that hot water having a hot water storage lower limit temperature (for example, 60 ° C.) or higher is stored in the hot water storage tank 109.
- the temperature detector 146 detects the temperature t3 of the hot water after passing through the heat exchanger 106 (step S800), and the hot water temperature t3 is equal to or higher than the hot water storage lower limit temperature. If it is (Yes in step S801), the controller 110 controls the switch 206 so that the stored hot water flows into the hot water storage tank 109 (step S802). On the other hand, when the temperature t3 of the hot water storage is lower than the hot water storage lower limit temperature (No in step S801), the controller 110 controls the switch 206 so as to be on the hot water bypass path 207 side (step S803).
- a hot water storage lower limit temperature for example, 60 ° C.
- the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes a temperature at which the FP purge process can be performed after the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature (FP).
- the hydrogen generator 102 is cooled by the combustion air supplier 117 instead of waiting for the hydrogen generator 102 to be cooled by natural cooling as in a normal stop process.
- the operation and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 by the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are executed to cool the hydrogen generator 102 and the fuel cell 101 more quickly.
- the abnormal stop process is controlled so that the cooling amounts of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 are increased as compared with the normal stop process.
- the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 can be lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the shift to the maintenance work can be speeded up.
- the cooling operation time of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) by the combustion air supply device 117 and the first pump 107 are compared with those in the normal stop process. And by controlling so that the exhaust heat recovery operation time of the fuel cell 101 by the second pump 108 is increased, the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) is controlled to be increased.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration may be adopted in which the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner 102a and the flow rate of at least one of cooling water and hot water passing through the heat exchanger 106 are increased. Absent.
- the amount of operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is controlled to be larger than that during the cooling operation of the hydrogen generation device 102 in the normal stop process, and at least one of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 is controlled. This is realized by controlling the operation amount to be larger than that during the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 in the normal stop process.
- the first flow regulator adjusts the flow rate at which the cooling water after passing through the first pump 107 and the fuel cell 101 flows into the heat exchange bypass path 208 and the heat exchanger 106.
- a mode in which the mixing valve 209 is controlled to increase the amount of cooling water flowing into the heat exchanger 106 side may be adopted.
- the controller 110 controls the first pump 107 so as to maintain or increase the operation amount of the first pump 107 together with the control of the mixing valve 209.
- the abnormal stop process is not limited to the case where the first abnormality is detected or the second abnormality is detected, and the power generation operation of the fuel cell system is performed.
- a mode is adopted in which a stop process is executed in which the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 and the hydrogen generator 102 is increased compared to a normal stop process.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 and the cooling of the hydrogen generator 102 are the same as the normal stop process.
- a mode for executing the operation may be adopted.
- a first flow rate controller that controls the reformer in an abnormal stop process in which an abnormality detector detects an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator and executes the abnormality.
- the combustion air supply device is controlled so that the amount increases, and an example of a mode in which the first flow rate controller is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell becomes equal to that at the time of normal stop is shown.
- abnormality related to the hydrogen generator refers to an abnormality related to the equipment constituting the hydrogen generator.
- abnormalities in the raw material gas flow rate, reformer temperature abnormality, burner combustion abnormality, and the like are exemplified.
- abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generation apparatus refers to an abnormality of the equipment related to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generation apparatus.
- a cooling water temperature abnormality, an oxidizing gas flow rate abnormality, a cooling water tank water level abnormality, a condensed water tank water level abnormality, and the like are exemplified.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8, but after detecting an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145.
- the stop process (that is, when an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 is detected) is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the controller 110 performs the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 in the same manner as the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8 described above, while the exhaust heat recovery of the fuel cell 101 is performed. About operation
- a description will be given with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment.
- step S700 to S702 the stop operation of the device 102 and the stop operation of the fuel cell 102 are performed.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is performed by the air supplied by the combustion air supplier 117 (step S703).
- the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are operated, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is performed (step S712).
- step S703 When the detected temperature t1 of the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 is equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature (step S703), the cathode purge process in the stop process is executed (step S703). Step S704). At this time, the operation of the first pump 107 is stopped, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped (step S713).
- step S705 the cathode purge process in the stop process is completed (step S705), and after the combustion operation in the burner 102a is completed, the operation of the first pump 107 is restarted and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is restarted. (Step S714).
- step S706 the operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is continued (step S707).
- the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 stop their operation when the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 falls below the standby temperature (step S716). That is, the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped.
- step S708 when the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 falls below the FP purge temperature (step S708), FP purge processing (steps S709, S710) is performed, and the combustion air supply device 117 The operation is stopped (step S711), and the fuel cell system 100 is shifted to a start non-permitted state (step S717).
- the cathode purge process is executed in the above flow, a form in which this process is not executed may be adopted.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is configured to continue until the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature.
- the setting is not limited to this as long as it is set to be equivalent to normal stop processing.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) is continued until the FP purge is completed, but is limited to this as long as the cooling amount is set to be larger than that in the normal stop process. It is not something.
- the fuel cell 101 in the abnormal stop process associated with the abnormality detection related to the hydrogen generator, the fuel cell 101 has the same amount of cooling as that in the normal stop process.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment in that the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped by stopping the 107 and the second pump 108.
- the abnormal stop process is a stop process in which the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 (the reformer 16) is larger than that in the normal stop process.
- the temperature of the equipment in the hydrogen generator 102 that performs the maintenance work is quickly lowered to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
- the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are controlled so that the cooling operation of the fuel cell 101 is equivalent to that of the normal stop process. Since the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 that is not present is suppressed, the energy consumed for the operation of the first pump and the second pump is suppressed.
- the flow rate of the first heat medium path through which the first heat medium for cooling the fuel cell flows and the flow rate of the first heat medium through the first heat medium path are as follows.
- the first flow rate controller is controlled so as to increase the cooling amount of the fuel, and an example of a mode of controlling the combustion air supply device so that the cooling amount of the reformer is smaller than the cooling amount at the time of abnormal stop processing is shown. .
- abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator refers to an abnormality of the equipment related to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generator.
- a cooling water temperature abnormality, an oxidizing gas flow rate abnormality, a cooling water tank water level abnormality, a condensed water tank water level abnormality, and the like are exemplified.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8, but detects an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140.
- the stop process after the abnormality detection is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the controller 110 detects an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140
- the controller 110 performs the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 according to the above-described eighth embodiment.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation is performed so that the exhaust heat recovery amount is larger than that in the normal stop process.
- the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is the cooling amount in the normal stop process.
- FIG. 20 is a table showing an example of an abnormality that accompanies a shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention.
- an abnormality that accompanies the shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 includes a first abnormality related to the fuel cell 101 other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 (hereinafter referred to as the first abnormality in the present embodiment). And a second abnormality related to the fuel cell 101 other than the hydrogen generator 102 (hereinafter referred to as a second abnormality in the present embodiment). That is, the abnormality that accompanies the shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 may be defined including an abnormality other than the first abnormality and the second abnormality.
- the first abnormality means that a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality detected by each of the detectors 131 to 140 is executed, so that the maintenance operation is not performed by the maintenance worker and the fuel cell system is in a standby state. An abnormality that is transferred to
- the second abnormality is a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140, and a maintenance worker must perform maintenance work.
- it means an abnormality in which the fuel cell system cannot enter the standby state.
- the maintenance worker does not perform maintenance after that, the activation request is issued. Even if it occurs, the activation is permitted, the activation command is not output from the controller 110, and the fuel cell system does not start the activation process.
- the maintenance means that a maintenance worker comes to the place where the fuel cell system 100 is installed, and performs work such as recovery work or repair of the fuel cell system 100.
- the cooling water temperature abnormality and the 1st pump abnormality are prescribed
- these abnormalities are examples, and some of these abnormalities may be defined as the first abnormalities, and abnormalities other than these abnormalities may be defined as the first abnormalities.
- the cooling water temperature abnormality is cooling water supplied from the cooling water supply path 51 to the upstream end of the cooling water flow path 101c of the fuel cell 101 or cooling discharged from the downstream end of the cooling water flow path 101c to the cooling water discharge path 52.
- the temperature of the water is detected by a temperature detector (here, a temperature detector 137 that detects the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the downstream end of the cooling water passage 101c to the cooling water discharge passage 52), and the detected temperature is excessively increased.
- An abnormality when the temperature is too low or too low.
- the first pump abnormality means that the first pump 107 does not operate normally. For example, because dust has entered the first pump 107, the first pump 107 operates above the lower limit of the operation amount of the first pump 107, but a rotation detector (not shown) that detects the operation of the first pump 107.
- the controller 110 When the pulse output associated with the rotation or reciprocation of the pump is not output for a predetermined time, that is, when the pump operation is not detected for the predetermined time, the controller 110 outputs a signal for increasing the operation amount of the first pump 107. To do. Then, if there is no pulse output from the first pump 107 based on this signal, the controller 110 determines that the first pump 107 is abnormal, and the abnormality is an operation of the fuel cell system 100.
- the reason for treating this abnormality as the first abnormality is not a fatal abnormality that requires replacement or the like for maintenance of the first pump 107, but can be recovered by executing a predetermined recovery process such as dust biting. This is because there is a possibility of abnormalities.
- the controller 110 It may be determined as a second abnormality.
- an abnormality of the device for example, a failure of a cooling water tank water level detector, a failure of a condensed water tank water level detector, a flow detector
- Failure failure of temperature detector in cooling water path, failure of voltage converter, failure of ventilation fan
- gas leakage abnormality eg, gas leakage abnormality of fuel gas flow path, gas leakage of oxidant gas flow path
- Abnormality flammable gas leakage abnormality
- controller temperature rise abnormality are specified. Note that these abnormalities are examples, and some of these abnormalities may be defined as second abnormalities, and abnormalities other than these abnormalities may be defined as second abnormalities.
- the controller 110 regards the abnormality as a failure that is assumed to be a failure of the water level detector 135. 2 is determined as abnormal.
- the condensed water tank water level detector As an abnormality which is assumed to be a failure of the condensed water tank water level detector, for example, when a water draining operation is executed from the first condensed water tank 105A, the water level of the first condensed water tank 105A detected by the water level detector 135 is used. However, there is an abnormality that is not more than a predetermined threshold even after the abnormality determination time has elapsed. Since such an abnormality may occur when the float is fixed to the upper side with a float type water level sensor, the controller 110 assumes that the abnormality is assumed to be a failure of the water level detector 136. A second abnormality is determined.
- the flow rate of the oxidant gas detected by the second flow rate detector 134 with respect to the operation amount of the oxidant gas supply device 103 is outside the allowable range (for example, a predetermined value).
- an abnormality in which the flow rate detected by the third flow rate detector 138 with respect to the operation amount of the first pump 107 is outside the allowable range (for example, below a predetermined threshold value).
- the controller 110 determines that the abnormality is a second abnormality as an abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the flow rate detector. To do.
- the controller 110 regards the abnormality as a failure that is assumed to be a failure of the voltage converter. 2 is determined as abnormal.
- the temperature detectors 137 and 141 are thermistors
- an abnormality in which these detected values become values indicating a short circuit or a disconnection is assumed as an abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the temperature detector provided in the cooling water path. Can be mentioned.
- the controller 110 determines that the abnormality is the second abnormality.
- the abnormal gas leakage in the fuel gas flow path means that the third port 73c of the first switch 73 and the fourth open / close state between the stop process of the fuel cell system 100 and the start of power generation.
- the first pressure detector 131 detects the above. This is an abnormality in which the pressure in the sealed fuel gas path is below a predetermined threshold.
- Such an abnormality is caused, for example, when the fuel cell 101 is damaged and the fuel gas leaks from the fuel gas flow path 101a, or when the first switch 73 and / or the fourth on-off valve 75 breaks down. It may occur when the gas cannot be closed. In these cases, it is difficult to continue the operation even if the operation is resumed after the fuel cell system 100 is stopped. 110 determines that the abnormality is the second abnormality.
- the gas leakage abnormality in the oxidant gas flow path means that the third on-off valve 74 and the fifth on-off valve 76 are closed during the period from the stop process of the fuel cell system 100 to the start of power generation.
- an abnormality occurs in which the pressure in the sealed oxidant gas path detected by the second pressure detector 133 falls below a predetermined threshold.
- Such an abnormality can be caused by, for example, when the fuel cell 101 is damaged and the raw material gas leaks from the oxidant gas flow path 101b, or when the third on-off valve 74 and / or the fifth on-off valve 76 fails. This may occur when the raw material gas cannot be closed. In these cases, it is difficult to continue the operation even if the operation is resumed after the fuel cell system 100 is stopped.
- the device 110 determines that the second abnormality has occurred.
- the combustible gas concentration abnormality means an abnormality in which the combustible gas sensor 140 detects combustible gas. For example, the case where flammable gas leaks into the fuel cell system 100 (package 111) and the flammable gas sensor 140 detects the flammable gas.
- the controller 110 determines the abnormality as the second abnormality.
- the controller 110 As an abnormality assumed to be a failure of the ventilation fan, for example, after the controller 110 outputs an operation start signal of the ventilation fan 119, it is rotated by a rotation detector (not shown) that detects the fan rotation speed of the ventilation fan 119. There is an abnormality in which the time that cannot be detected continues for a predetermined time or more. Such an abnormality may occur, for example, when dust is clogged in the ventilation fan 119. Therefore, the controller 110 regards the abnormality as a second abnormality that is assumed to be a failure of the ventilation fan 119. Judge as abnormal.
- the temperature rise abnormality of the controller 110 includes an abnormality in which the temperature of the control board or the like of the controller 110 detected by the temperature detector 139 is outside the allowable range (for example, below a predetermined threshold). The abnormality is determined as the second abnormality.
- the abnormality determiner 110a functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention for the failure of each detector, and the abnormality determiner 110a for the abnormality different from the failure of the detector. And a detector that outputs a detection value that is a determination target when determining the abnormality functions as the abnormality detector of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the tenth embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 102 is similar to the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment. And the fuel cell 102 are stopped (steps S700 to S703). On the other hand, power generation is stopped for the fuel cell 101 (step S712a), and after the power generation is stopped, the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are operated to continue the exhaust heat recovery operation for the retained heat remaining in the fuel cell 101. (Step S712).
- step S703 When the detected temperature t1 of the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 is equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature (step S703), the cathode purge process in the stop process is executed (step S703). Step S704). At this time, the operation of the first pump 107 is stopped, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped (step S713).
- step S705 the cathode purge process in the stop process is completed (step S705), and after the combustion operation in the burner 102a is completed, the operation of the first pump 107 is restarted and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is restarted. (Step S714).
- step S706 the operation of the combustion air supply device 117 is stopped (step S707a). That is, the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped.
- the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 continue the operation of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 even if the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 falls below the standby temperature (step S715).
- step S708 when the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 is reduced to below the FP purge temperature by natural cooling (step S708), the FP purge process (steps S709 and S710) is performed, and the FP When the purge process is completed, the operation of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 is stopped (step S716), and the fuel cell system 100 is shifted to the start-up disapproval state (step S717).
- the cathode purge process is executed in the above flow, a form in which this process is not executed may be adopted.
- the cooling operation of the reformer 101 is continued until the temperature of the reformer 16 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature, but the reformer 101 after the combustion of the combustor is stopped.
- the cooling amount is not limited to this as long as the cooling amount is set to be equal to the normal stop processing.
- the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is continued until the FP purge process is completed, but is limited to this as long as the exhaust heat recovery amount is set to be larger than that in the normal stop process. It is not something.
- the amount of cooling of the reformer 16 in the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting an abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator. Is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment in that the combustion air supply 117 is stopped and the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is stopped.
- the abnormal stop process is a stop process in which the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
- the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 that performs the above is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
- the combustion air supply 117 is controlled so that the cooling of the reformer 16 is equivalent to the normal stop process, and the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 that does not require maintenance work is suppressed. Therefore, the energy consumed by the operation of the combustion air supplier 117 is suppressed.
- the hydrogen detector In the fuel cell system according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, in the abnormal stop process that is executed when the controller detects the first abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that does not require maintenance, the hydrogen detector The second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that requires maintenance, with the abnormality detector controlling the combustion air supply and the first flow controller so that the cooling amount of the generator and the fuel cell is equal to that during the normal stop process.
- the combustion air supply device is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer increases compared to the normal stop process, and the cooling amount of the fuel cell is equal to that during the normal stop process
- the “first abnormality related to the hydrogen generator” refers to an abnormality that does not require maintenance among the abnormalities related to the devices constituting the hydrogen generator. For example, burner misfire abnormality is mentioned.
- the “second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator” refers to an abnormality requiring maintenance among the abnormalities related to the devices constituting the hydrogen generator. For example, device failure (temperature detector failure, CO sensor failure), gas leakage abnormality, etc. are exemplified.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8, but detects an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145 ( That is, when an abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 is detected) and the subsequent stop process are different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the abnormality that accompanies the shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 according to the eleventh embodiment includes the first abnormality related to the hydrogen generator 102 (hereinafter referred to as the first abnormality in the present embodiment) and the hydrogen generator 102. And a second abnormality related to (hereinafter referred to as a second abnormality in the present embodiment). That is, the abnormality that accompanies the shutdown of the fuel cell system 100 may be defined including an abnormality other than the first abnormality and the second abnormality.
- the first abnormality is a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality detected by each of the detectors 140 to 145, so that the fuel cell system is in a standby state without maintenance work being performed by maintenance workers. An abnormality that is transferred to
- the second abnormality is a predetermined stop process corresponding to the abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a based on the detection values of the detectors 140 to 145, and a maintenance worker must perform maintenance work. For example, it means an abnormality in which the fuel cell system cannot enter the standby state.
- the second abnormality is an activation request if maintenance is not performed by the maintenance worker after the stop process to be executed is completed after the abnormality is detected by each of the detectors 140 to 145. Even if it occurs, the activation is permitted, the activation command is not output from the controller 110, and the fuel cell system does not start the activation process.
- abnormality detection of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 11 and stop processing (abnormality detection / stop processing) executed following this will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart schematically showing the contents of the abnormality detection / stop processing program stored in the storage unit of the controller 110 in the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S200 the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 110 acquires detection values detected from the detectors 140 to 145 (step S200). It is determined whether or not the detection value acquired in S200 is abnormal (step S201). If it is determined that there is no abnormality, the process returns to step S200, and unless an abnormality is detected, steps S200 and S201 are repeated to monitor whether there is an abnormality. On the other hand, when it determines with it being abnormal, it progresses to step S203.
- step S203 when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the first abnormality, the process proceeds to step S204a, and when the abnormality determined as abnormal by the abnormality determiner 110a is the second abnormality. The process proceeds to step S205a.
- step S204a a first abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110.
- the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a standby state (step S204), and the program ends.
- the first abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality.
- a common cooling operation for each abnormality a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell, etc.
- step S205a a second abnormality stop process corresponding to each abnormality determined by the abnormality determiner 110a is executed under the control of the controller 110. Then, when this stop process is completed, the hydrogen generator 102 shifts to a startup non-permitted state in which startup is not permitted even if a startup request is generated (step S205).
- the second abnormal stop process does not execute the same stop process for each abnormality, but performs a predetermined recovery process corresponding to each abnormality. However, a common cooling operation for each abnormality (a cooling operation of the hydrogen generator, an exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell, etc.) is also executed.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing in more detail the first abnormality stop process in the flowchart of the abnormality detection / stop process program shown in FIG.
- step S700 when the abnormality determination unit 110a determines that the misfiring abnormality has occurred based on the detection value of the ignition detector 141 during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100, and as a stop operation for the fuel cell 101, the oxidant gas The supply device 103 and the like are stopped, and each on-off valve is closed (step S700).
- a stop operation for the hydrogen generator 102 first, the supply operation of the source gas and water is stopped, and the sealing operation of the hydrogen generator 102 is executed, whereby the combustion operation in the burner 102a is stopped (step S701). .
- the combustion of the fuel gas and the combustion air is stopped, and the power generation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped.
- the combustion air supply device 117 supplies the combustion air to the burner 102a and performs the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (step S702). ).
- the detected temperature t1 of the temperature detector 143 provided in the reformer 16 of the hydrogen generator 102 becomes equal to or lower than the cathode purge temperature by the cooling operation (step S703)
- the cathode purge process in the stop process is executed (step S703). Step S704).
- step S705 After the cathode purge process in the stop process is completed (step S705) and the combustion operation in the burner 102a is completed, the combustion air supply device 117 is operated to perform the cooling operation of the hydrogen generator 102 (step S706).
- step S707 When the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 becomes equal to or lower than the standby temperature (step S707), the combustion air supply device 117 is stopped to stop the FP cooling operation (step S711), and the fuel cell.
- the system 100 is shifted to a standby state (step S718).
- step S712a As the stopping operation on the fuel cell 101 side, after the operation of the oxidant gas supply device 103 is stopped and the power generation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped (step S712a), as shown in FIG. And the 2nd pump 108 is operated and the waste heat recovery operation
- step S714 the operation of the first pump 107 is resumed, and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is resumed.
- the temperature t1 of the reformer 16 detected by the temperature detector 143 is equal to or lower than the standby temperature, the operation of the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 is stopped and the exhaust heat recovery operation of the fuel cell 101 is stopped. (Step S716).
- an abnormality recovery process corresponding to the abnormality may be added depending on the content of the abnormality.
- the cathode purge process is executed in the above flow, a form in which this process is not executed may be adopted.
- the cooling operation of the reformer 101 and the exhaust heat recovery operation from the fuel cell are continued until the temperature of the reformer 16 falls below the standby temperature.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the second abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the eleventh embodiment is the same as the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the ninth embodiment. That is, in the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the second abnormality related to the hydrogen generator, the combustion air supplier 117 controls the cooling amount of the reformer 16 to be larger than that in the normal stop process. Then, when the exhaust heat recovery amount of the fuel cell 101 becomes equal to the normal stop processing, the first pump and the second pump are stopped, and the exhaust heat recovery operation is stopped.
- the second abnormal stop process is a stop in which the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 (the reformer 16) is larger than that in the normal stop process. Since the process is executed, the temperature of the equipment in the hydrogen generator 102 that performs the maintenance work is lowered more quickly to the extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
- the first pump 107 and the second pump 108 are controlled when the reformer temperature t1 is equal to or lower than the stand-by temperature as in the normal stop process. Since the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 that does not require maintenance work is suppressed, the energy consumed for the operation of the first pump and the second pump is suppressed.
- the controller detects the first abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator, and the abnormality detector does not require maintenance.
- the combustion air supply unit and the first flow rate controller are controlled so that the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell is equal to that during the normal stop process.
- the amount of cooling of the fuel cell is increased in the abnormal stop process that is executed by detecting the second abnormality related to the fuel cell other than the abnormality related to the hydrogen generator that is necessary and executed.
- an example of a mode of controlling the combustion air supply device so that the cooling amount of the reformer is equal to that during the normal stop process is shown.
- the first abnormality relating to the fuel cell other than the abnormality relating to the hydrogen generation apparatus that does not require maintenance refers to the abnormality of the equipment relating to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generation apparatus.
- the temperature abnormality of a cooling water etc. are illustrated.
- the “second abnormality relating to the fuel cell other than the abnormality relating to the hydrogen generation apparatus that requires maintenance” refers to the abnormality of the equipment relating to the power generation operation of the fuel cell other than the hydrogen generation apparatus.
- An abnormality that requires maintenance For example, the water level abnormality of the cooling water tank and the condensed water tank, the failure of the cooling water temperature detector, the abnormality of oxidant gas leakage, etc.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 8, but detects an abnormality based on the detection values of the detectors 131 to 140. (In other words, when an abnormality related to the fuel cell system 100 other than the hydrogen generator 102 is detected), the stop process after the abnormality detection is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the abnormality accompanying the shutdown is a first abnormality related to the fuel cell system 100 other than the hydrogen generator 102 (hereinafter referred to as the first abnormality in the present embodiment).
- the second abnormality related to the fuel cell system 100 other than the hydrogen generator 102 hereinafter referred to as the second abnormality in the present embodiment (see FIG. 20). ).
- the second abnormal stop process (step S205a) when the second abnormality is detected is different from the fuel cell system 100 according to the eleventh embodiment.
- the first pump 107 is controlled so that the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 increases, and the cooling amount of the hydrogen generator 102 (reformer 16) is the same as the normal stop process.
- the combustion air supply 117 is controlled so as to be equivalent.
- the process similar to the fuel cell system 100 which concerns on Embodiment 11 is performed (refer FIG. 23).
- the second abnormal stop process (step S205a) in the fuel cell system 100 according to the twelfth embodiment is the same as the abnormal stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the tenth embodiment (see FIG. 21). ).
- the second abnormal stop process is executed as a stop process in which the cooling amount of the fuel cell 101 is increased as compared with the normal stop process.
- the temperature of the equipment in the fuel cell system 100 performing the maintenance work is lowered more quickly to such an extent that the maintenance worker does not burn or the like, and the start of the maintenance work is accelerated.
- the combustion air supplier 117 is controlled so that the cooling amount of the reformer 16 is equivalent to that of the normal stop process. Since the cooling amount of the device 16) is suppressed, the energy consumed by the combustion air supply device 117 is suppressed.
- the amount of cooling of the hydrogen generator increases. This is useful in the technical field of fuel cells.
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Abstract
Description
[水素生成装置の構成]
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る水素生成装置の概略構成を示す模式図である。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る水素生成装置は、制御器が、異常停止処理時の方が通常停止処理時よりも、改質器の冷却量が多くなるよう燃焼空気供給器の動作時間及び操作量の少なくともいずれか一方を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る水素生成装置の概略構成を示す模式図である。なお、図2においては、水素生成装置における上下方向を図における上下方向として表し、また、その一部を省略している。
次に、本実施の形態2に係る水素生成装置102の起動処理(起動動作)について、図1を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下の動作は、使用者がリモコン120を操作することで、制御器110が水素生成装置102を制御することにより遂行される。
従って、本異常は、水素生成装置102の起動処理において、バーナ102aの燃焼開始時における着火異常は含まない。バーナ102aが安定に燃焼し、水素生成装置102が昇温して、水蒸気改質反応への移行を開始した後の起動処理及び水素利用機器101への燃料ガス供給動作中に発生する失火異常を指す。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る水素生成装置は、燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガスから熱を回収するための熱交換器と、熱交換器において燃焼排ガスから回収した熱を受け取る熱媒体が流れる熱媒体が流れる熱媒体経路と、熱媒体経路の中の熱媒体を通流させるためのポンプと、を備え、異常停止処理時に、燃焼器の燃焼動作が停止している状態において燃焼空気供給器より供給される空気により改質器を冷却する冷却工程において、制御器が、ポンプを動作させるように構成されている態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る水素生成装置は、改質器にガスを供給するガス供給器を備え、水素生成装置は、該水素生成装置の水素生成動作停止後、封止された改質器内の圧力低下に伴いガス供給器より改質器に前記ガスを補給する補圧動作を実行するよう構成され、制御器が、異常停止処理時の方が、通常停止処理時よりも補圧動作の頻度が増加するようガス供給器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態5に係る水素生成装置は、制御器が、異常検知器によりメンテナンスが不要な第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも、メンテナンスが必要な第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時の方が、改質器の冷却量が多くなるよう燃焼空気供給器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態6に係る水素生成装置は、燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガスから熱を回収するための熱交換器と、熱交換器において燃焼排ガスから回収した熱を受け取る熱媒体が流れる熱媒体が流れる熱媒体経路と、熱媒体経路の中の熱媒体を通流させるためのポンプと、熱交換器を介して熱回収した熱媒体を貯える蓄熱器とを備え、制御器が、前記第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時に燃焼器の燃焼動作が停止している状態で燃焼空気供給器を動作させ、改質器を冷却する冷却工程において、ポンプを動作させるように構成されている態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態7に係る水素生成装置は、改質器にガスを供給するガス供給器を備え、水素生成装置は、該水素生成装置の水素生成動作停止後、封止された改質器内の圧力低下に伴いガス供給器より改質器にガスを補給する補圧動作を実行するよう構成され、制御器が、前記第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時の方が、前記第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも補圧動作の頻度が増加するようガス供給器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態8に係る燃料電池システムは、実施の形態2に係る水素生成装置102を備える。なお、本実施の形態8においては、実施の形態2に係る水素生成装置102を備える燃料電池システムとしたが、実施の形態1に係る水素生成装置102と燃料電池を備える燃料電池システムであれば、本発明の作用効果を奏することは明白である。
以下、本実施の形態8に係る燃料電池システムについて詳細に説明する。
図12は、本発明の実施の形態8に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。なお、図12において、燃料電池システムにおける上下方向を図における上下方向として表している。
次に、本実施の形態8に係る燃料電池システム100の起動処理(起動動作)について、図12を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下の動作は、使用者がリモコン120を操作することで、制御器110が燃料電池システム100を制御することにより遂行される。
(実施の形態9)
本発明の実施の形態9に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料電池を冷却する第1熱媒体が通流する第1熱媒体経路と、第1熱媒体経路を通流する第1熱媒体の流量を制御する第1流量制御器と、を備え、制御器が、異常検知器により水素生成装置に関係する異常が検知され実行される異常停止処理においては、通常停止処理時よりも改質器の冷却量が増加するよう燃焼空気供給器を制御するとともに、燃料電池の冷却量は通常停止時と同等になるよう第1流量制御器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態10に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料電池を冷却する第1熱媒体が通流する第1熱媒体経路と、第1熱媒体経路を通流する第1熱媒体の流量を制御する第1流量制御器と、を備え、制御器が、異常検知器により水素生成装置に関係する異常以外の燃料電池に関係する異常が検知された場合は、通常停止処理時よりも燃料電池の冷却量が増加するよう第1流量制御器を制御するとともに、改質器の冷却量は異常停止処理時の冷却量より少なくなるよう燃焼空気供給器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態11に係る燃料電池システムは、制御器が、異常検知器がメンテナンスが不要な水素生成装置に関係する第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、水素生成装置及び燃料電池の冷却量が通常停止処理時と同等になるよう燃焼空気供給器及び第1流量制御器を制御し、異常検知器がメンテナンスが必要な水素生成装置に関係する第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、通常停止処理時よりも改質器の冷却量が増加するよう燃焼空気供給器を制御するとともに、燃料電池の冷却量は通常停止処理時と同等になるよう燃焼空気供給器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
本発明の実施の形態12に係る燃料電池システムは、制御器が、異常検知器がメンテナンスが不要であり、かつ水素生成装置に関係する異常以外の燃料電池に関係する第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、水素生成装置及び燃料電池の冷却量が通常停止処理時と同等になるよう燃焼空気供給器及び第1流量制御器を制御し、異常検知器が、メンテナンスが必要であり、かつ水素生成装置に関係する異常以外の燃料電池に関係する第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、通常停止処理時よりも燃料電池の冷却量が増加するよう第1流量制御器を制御するとともに、改質器の冷却量は通常停止処理時と同等になるよう燃焼空気供給器を制御する態様の一例を示すものである。
2 外筒
3 内筒
4 断熱部材
5 底板
6 板部材
7 蓋部材
8 内筒用底板
9 輻射筒
10 燃焼排ガス流路
11 燃焼排ガス出口
12 原料ガス供給口
13 水供給口
14 改質触媒層
15 予熱部
16 改質器
17 緩衝空間部
18 空間
19 水素含有ガス流路
20 仕切り板
21 仕切り板
22 変成触媒収容空間
23 変成触媒層
24 変成器
25 空気混合部
26 酸化触媒収容空間
27 酸化触媒層
28 浄化器
29 出口(貫通孔)
30 空気供給口
31 入口(貫通孔)
32 燃料ガス出口
41 原料ガス供給経路
42 燃料ガス供給経路
42a 第1燃料ガス供給経路
42b 第2燃料ガス供給経路
43 オフ燃料ガス経路
44 燃料ガスバイパス経路
45 第1凝縮水経路
46 酸化剤ガス供給経路
47 酸化剤ガス排出経路
48 第2凝縮水経路
49 パージガス供給経路
50 カソードパージガス排出経路
51 冷却水供給経路
52 冷却水排出経路
53 水供給路
54 貯湯水供給路
55 貯湯水経路
56 燃焼空気供給経路
57 改質用水供給経路
58 選択酸化用空気供給路
59 燃焼排ガス経路
61 吸気口
62 排気口
71 第1開閉弁
72 第2開閉弁
73 第1切替器
73a 第1ポート
73b 第2ポート
73c 第3ポート
74 第3開閉弁
75 第4開閉弁
76 第5開閉弁
77 第6開閉弁
78 第7開閉弁
100 燃料電池システム
101 燃料電池
101a 燃料ガス流路
101b 酸化剤ガス流路
101c 冷却水流路
102 水素生成装置
102a バーナ(燃焼器)
103 酸化剤ガス供給器
104 冷却水タンク
105 凝縮水タンク
106 熱交換器(放熱器)
107 第1ポンプ(第1送出器)
108 第2ポンプ(第2送出器)
109 貯湯タンク
110 制御器
111 パッケージ
112 原料ガス供給器(原料供給器)
112a ブースターポンプ
112b 流量調整弁
113 第3ポンプ
114 第1凝縮器
114a 一次流路
114b 二次流路
115 第2凝縮器
115a 一次流路
115b 二次流路
116 選択酸化用空気供給器
117 燃焼空気供給器
118 インバータ
119 換気ファン
120 リモコン(操作器)
120a 表示部
120b キー操作部
121 放熱器(冷却器)
122 ポンプ
123 蓄熱器
140 可燃性ガスセンサ
141 着火検知器
142 COセンサ
143 温度検知器
144 温度検知器
145 温度検知器
146 温度検知器
206 切替器
207 バイパス経路
Claims (20)
- 原料を用いて改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器に燃焼空気を供給する燃焼空気供給器と、
異常を検知する異常検知器と、
前記異常検知器により異常が検知され実行される異常停止処理時の方が、通常停止処理時よりも前記改質器の冷却量が多くなるよう前記燃焼空気供給器を制御する制御器と、を備える、水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記異常停止処理時の方が前記通常停止処理時よりも、前記改質器の冷却量が多くなるよう前記燃焼空気供給器の動作時間及び操作量の少なくともいずれか一方を制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記通常停止処理時の方が前記異常停止処理時よりも、前記改質器の温度が高い状態で運転開始を許可する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記異常停止処理時は、前記水素生成装置の定格運転時の前記燃焼空気供給器の操作量よりも大きい操作量に強制的に増加させる、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記改質器に置換ガスを供給する置換ガス供給器を備え、
前記制御器は、前記異常停止処理時は前記通常停止処理時よりも早く前記置換ガスにより前記改質器のパージ動作を開始するよう前記置換ガス供給器を制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記改質器にガスを供給するガス供給器を備え、
前記水素生成装置は、該水素生成装置の水素生成動作停止後、封止された前記改質器内の圧力低下に伴い前記ガス供給器より前記改質器に前記ガスを補給する補圧動作を実行するよう構成され、
前記制御器は、前記異常停止処理時の方が、前記通常停止処理時よりも前記補圧動作の頻度が増加するよう前記ガス供給器を制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガスから熱を回収するための熱交換器と、
前記熱交換器において前記燃焼排ガスから回収した熱を受け取る熱媒体が流れる熱媒体が流れる熱媒体経路と、
前記熱媒体経路の中の熱媒体を通流させるためのポンプと、
前記熱交換器を介して熱を回収した熱媒体を貯える蓄熱器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記異常停止処理時に、前記燃焼器の燃焼動作が停止している状態で前記燃焼空気供給器を動作させ、前記改質器を冷却する冷却工程において、前記ポンプを動作させるように構成されている、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記異常検知器が機器故障、ガス漏れ異常を検知すると、前記通常停止処理時よりも前記改質器の冷却量が多くなるよう燃焼空気供給器を制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記異常検知器によりメンテナンスが不要な第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりもメンテナンスが必要な第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時の方が前記改質器の冷却量が多くなるよう前記燃焼空気供給器を制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時の方が、前記第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも、前記改質器の温度が高い状態で運転開始を許可する、請求項9記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記改質器に置換ガスを供給する置換ガス供給器を備え、
前記制御器は、前記第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時の方が前記第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも早く前記置換ガスにより前記改質器のパージ動作を開始するよう前記置換ガス供給器を制御する、請求項9記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記改質器にガスを供給するガス供給器を備え、
前記水素生成装置は、該水素生成装置の水素生成動作停止後、封止された前記改質器内の圧力低下に伴い前記ガス供給器より前記改質器にガスを補給する補圧動作を実行するよう構成され、
前記制御器は、前記第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時の方が、前記第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも補圧動作の頻度が増加するよう前記ガス供給器を制御する、請求項9記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガスから熱を回収するための熱交換器と、
前記熱交換器において前記燃焼排ガスから回収した熱を受け取る熱媒体が流れる熱媒体が流れる熱媒体経路と、
前記熱媒体経路の中の熱媒体を通流させるためのポンプと、
前記熱交換器を介して熱を回収した熱媒体を貯える蓄熱器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時に、前記燃焼器の燃焼動作が停止している状態で前記燃焼空気供給器を動作させ、前記改質器を冷却する冷却工程において、前記ポンプを動作させるように構成されている、請求項9記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記第1の異常は、起動停止処理時及び停止処理時の少なくとも一方における失火異常である、請求項9記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記第2の異常は、機器故障及びガス漏れ異常の少なくともいずれか一方の異常である、請求項9記載の水素生成装置。
- 請求項1~16のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置と、前記水素生成装置より供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、を備える、燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池を冷却する第1熱媒体が通流する第1熱媒体経路と、前記第1熱媒体経路を通流する第1熱媒体の流量を制御する第1流量制御器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記異常検知器により前記水素生成装置に関係する異常が検知され実行される異常停止処理においては、通常停止処理時よりも前記改質器の冷却量が増加するよう前記燃焼空気供給器を制御するとともに、前記燃料電池の冷却量は通常停止処理時と同等になるよう前記第1流量制御器を制御する、請求項16記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、
前記異常検知器が、メンテナンスが不要な前記水素生成装置に関係する第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、前記水素生成装置及び前記燃料電池の冷却量が通常停止処理時と同等になるよう前記燃焼空気供給器及び前記第1流量制御器を制御し、
前記異常検知器が、メンテナンスが必要な前記水素生成装置に関係する第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、メンテナンスが不要な第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも前記改質器の冷却量が増加するよう前記燃焼空気供給器を制御するとともに、前記燃料電池の冷却量は前記第1の異常を検知して実行される通常停止処理時と同等になるよう前記第1流量制御器を制御する、請求項17記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池を冷却する第1熱媒体が通流する第1熱媒体経路と、前記第1熱媒体経路を通流する第1熱媒体の流量を制御する第1流量制御器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記異常検知器により前記水素生成装置に関係する異常以外の前記燃料電池に関係する異常が検知された場合は、前記通常停止処理時よりも前記燃料電池の冷却量が増加するよう前記第1流量制御器を制御するとともに、前記改質器の冷却量は前記通常停止処理時の同等になるよう前記燃焼空気供給器を制御する、請求項16又は17に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、
前記異常検知器が、メンテナンスが不要であり、かつ前記水素生成装置に関係する異常以外の前記燃料電池に関係する第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、前記水素生成装置及び前記燃料電池の冷却量が通常停止処理時と同等になるよう前記燃焼空気供給器及び前記第1流量制御器を制御し、
前記異常検知器が、メンテナンスが必要であり、かつ前記水素生成装置に関係する異常以外の前記燃料電池に関係する第2の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時は、メンテナンスが不要な第1の異常を検知して実行される異常停止処理時よりも前記燃料電池の冷却量が増加するよう前記第1流量制御器を制御するとともに、前記改質器の冷却量は前記第1の異常を検知して実行される通常停止処理時と同等になるよう前記燃焼空気供給器を制御する、請求項19記載の燃料電池システム。
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Also Published As
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JPWO2010058602A1 (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
US20110212375A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
US8747498B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
EP2420472A4 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2420472B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
CN103972555A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
JP5681948B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2420472A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
CN102216206A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
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