Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
  • A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
  • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
  • C07D235/06—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
  • C07D235/08—Radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
  • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
  • C07D235/18—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a compound for inhibiting GSK-3beta activity, a method for the preparation thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound as an active ingredient.
• Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that was initially identified as a protein which inactivates glycogen synthase through phosphorylation. Two isoforms have been identified, alpha (GSK-3alpha) and beta (GSK-3beta), which show a high degree of amino acid homology to each other. Previous studies have reported that the GSK-3beta is involved in energy metabolism, neural cell development, and body pattern formation (NPL 1).
• Neurodegenerative naturopathies including Alzheimer disease, are characterized by abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau at proline- directed serine/threonine phosphorylation sites (NPL X).
• NPL X proline- directed serine/threonine phosphorylation sites
• GSK-3beta has been identified as a prime candidate mediating aberrant tau phosphorylation at disease- associated sites (NPLs 3-6).
• NPLs 3-6 disease- associated sites
• GSK-3beta is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer disease.
• Lithium carbonate, lithium citrate and lithium chloride are commonly used for the treatment of various disorders like mania, depression and migraine, and also used as an "augmenting" agent to increase the benefits of other standard drugs used for unipolar depression.
• Lithium is a GSK-3beta inhibitor, and therefore, GSK-3beta inhibition is a promising target for the treatment of various such disorders.
• GSK-3 inhibitors are available for treatment of type 2 diabetes by reducing the activity of glucose synthase.
• GSK-3beta inhibitors can be used for a broad spectrum of diseases such as Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes and there is a strong need to develop such inhibitors for the treatment and/or prevention of GSK-
• the present inventors have endeavored to develop an effective inhibitor of GSK-3beta and have found that a benzoimidazole derivative can selectively inhibit the activity of
• NPL 1 Plyte SE, et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1114:147-162, 1992
• NPL 2 Lee VM, et al., Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24: 1121-1159, 2001
• NPL 3 Hanger DP, et al., Neurosci. Lett. 147: 58-62, 1992
• NPL 4 Ishiguro K, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267: 10897-10901, 1992
• NPL 5 Mandelkow EM, et al., FEBS Lett. 314: 315-321, 1992
• NPL 6 Paudel HK, et al., J. Biol.
• a GSK-3beta inhibitor having high inhibitory activity against GSK-3beta. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition including the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or isomer thereof for use in the treatment of GSK-3beta dependent diseases in a patient in need thereof.
• a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or isomer thereof:
• X is phenyl, thiophen-2-yl, furan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, phenylCi-C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, cyclopropylCi-C 6 alkyl, or cy- clopentylCi-C 6 alkyl; the said phenyl, thiophen-2-yl, furan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, phenylQ -C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, cyclopropylCi-C 6 alkyl, or cyclopentyl Ci-C 6 alkyl are optionally substituted by 1-3 substituent(s) each independently selected from the group A; L is -
• M is selected from C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl or 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group; the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, and 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group are optionally substituted by 1-3 substituent(s) each independently selected from group A; wherein group A consists of hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C 6 alky lamino, C 3 - C 8 cycloalkylamino, amide, halogen, sulfamoyl, trifluolomethyl, p- toluenesulfonylamino, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkylcar- bonylamino, Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonylamino, Ci-C 6 alkenyl, Ci-C 6 alkyny
• a “GSK-3beta dependent disease” is a disease in which inhibiting GSK-3beta activity is relevant to therapeutic efficacy.
• diseases include, for example, Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes. It will be understood by one of skill that such diseases do not include cancers, such as breast cancer, bladder cancer and small cell lung cancer.
• the claimed methods of treating or preventing a GSK-3beta dependent disease exclude patients also suffering from cancer, such as breast cancer, bladder cancer or small cell lung cancer.
• a patient in need thereof refers to a patient suffering from a GSK-3beta dependent disease, with the proviso that the patient is not also suffering from cancer, such as breast cancer, bladder cancer or small cell lung cancer.
• alkyl refers to a straight chain or a branched chain hydrocarbon group which does not contain any hetero atoms or unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds.
• Ci-C 6 alkyl refers to an alkyl group which has 1-6 carbon atom(s).
• Ci-C 4 alkyl refers to an alkyl group which has 1-4 carbon atom(s).
• Ci-C 6 alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, 1 -propyl, 2-propyl, 2-methyl-l -propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 1 -butyl, 2-butyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-l -butyl, 3-methyl-l -butyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl- 1 -propyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-l-pentyl, 3-methyl-l-pentyl, 4-methyl-l-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2,3-dimethyl-l -butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-l-but
• phenylCi-C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, cyclopropylCi-C 6 alkyl, or cyclopentylCi-C 6 alkyl refers to the Ci-C 6 alkyl bound to a phenyl, thiophen-2-yl, furan-2-yl, cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl group.
• phenylCi-C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, cy- clopropylCi-C 6 alkyl, or cyclopentylCi-C 6 alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 sub- stituent(s) each independently selected from group A mentioned above. Such substitution may occur at either the phenyl, thiophen-2-yl, furan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, or cyclopentyl moiety or the Ci-C 6 alkyl moiety of the group, or may occur at both moieties of the group.
• phenylCi-C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi -C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi -C 6 alkyl, cy- clopropylCi -C 6 alkyl, or cyclopentylCi-C 6 alkyl include, but are not limited to, phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, phenyl- 1 -propyl, phenyl-2-propyl, phenyl-n-butyl, phenyl- s-butyl, phenyl-t-butyl, phenyl-2-ethylbutyl, thiophen-2-ylmethyl, thiophen-2-ylethyl, thiophen-2-yl- 1 -propyl, thiophen-2-yl-2-propyl, thiophen-2-yl-n-butyl, thiophen- 2-yl-s-but
• alkenyl refers to a straight chain or a branched chain hydrocarbon group which contains one unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and does not contain any hetero atoms.
• Ci-C 6 alkenyl refers to an alkenyl group which has 1-6 carbon atom(s).
• Ci-C 6 alkenyl examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 3-propenyl, 2-methyl-prop-l-en-l-yl, 2-methyl-prop-l-en-3-yl, but- 1-en-l-yl, but-l-en-2-yl, but-l-en-3-yl, but-2-en-l-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, pent-1-en-l-yl, pent-l-en-2-yl, pent-l-en-3-yl, pent-l-en-4-yl, pent-l-en-5-yl, pent-2-en-l-yl, pent- 2-en-2-yl, pent-2-en-3-yl, pent-2-en-4-yl, pent-2-en-5-yl, 2-methyl-but-l-en-l-yl, 2-methyl-but- l-en-2-yl, 2-
• alkynyl refers to a straight chain or a branched chain hydrocarbon group which contains one unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and does not contain any hetero atoms.
• Ci-C 6 alkynyl refers to an alkynyl group which has 1-6 carbon atom(s).
• Ci-C 6 alkynyl examples include, but are not limited to, ethinyl, 1-propinyl, 2-propinyl, 3-propinyl, 2-methyl-prop-l-in-l-yl, 2-methyl-prop-l-in-3-yl, but- 1 -in- 1-yl, but-l-in-2-yl, but-l-in-3-yl, but-2-in-l-yl, but-2-in-2-yl, pent- 1 -in- 1-yl, pent- l-in-2-yl, pent-l-in-3-yl, pent-l-in-4-yl, pent-l-in-5-yl, pent-2-in-l-yl, pent-2-in-2-yl, pent-2-in-3-yl, pent-2-in-4-yl, pent-2-in-5-yl, 2-methyl-but-l-in-l-yl, 2-methyl-but- 1 -in
• alkoxy refers to a group represented by -OR, wherein R is alkyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group which has 1-6 carbon atom(s).
• Ci-C 4 alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group which has 1-4 carbon atom(s).
• Ci-C 6 alkoxy examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, 1-propyloxy, 2-propyloxy, 2-methyl-l-propyloxy, 2-methyl-2-propyloxy, and 1-butyloxy, and 2- butyloxy.
• Ci-C 6 alkylcarbonyl refers to a carbonyl group bound to the Ci-C 6 alkyl.
• Ci-C 4 alkylcarbonyl refers to a carbonyl group bound to the Ci-C 4 alkyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkylcarbonyl examples include, but are not limited to, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, 1-propylcarbonyl, 2-propylcarbonyl, n-butylcarbonyl, s-butylcarbonyl, t-butylcarbonyl, and 2-ethylbutylcarbonyl.
• cycloalkyl refers to a saturated carbohydrate ring system.
• C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl refers to 3-8 membered cycloalkyl.
• C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl examples include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cy- clobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptanyl, and cyclooctanyl.
• amino refers to a group represented by -NH 2 whose hydrogens are optionally substituted by a substituent.
• Ci-C 6 alkylamino refers to an amino group bound to the Ci -C 6 alkyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkylamino examples include, but are not limited to, methylamino, ethylamino, 1-propylcarbonylamino, 2-propylamino, n-butylamino, s-butylamino, t- butylamino, and 2-ethylbutylamino.
• Ci-C 6 alkylcarbonylamino refers to an amino group bound to the Ci-C 6 alkylcarbonyl.
• Ci-C 4 alkylcarbonylamino refers to an amino group bound to the Ci-C 4 alkylcarbonyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkylcarbonylamino examples include, but are not limited to, methylcar- bonylamino, ethylcarbonylamino, 1-propylcarbonylamino, 2-propylcarbonylamino, n- butylcarbonylamino, s-butylcarbonylamino, t-butylcarbonylamino, and 2-ethylbutylcarbonylamino.
• C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylamino refers to an amino group bound to the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl.
• C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl amino examples include, but are not limited to, cyclo- propylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino, cyclohep- tanylamino, and cyclooctanyl amino.
• sulfonyl is a group represented by -SO 2 -.
• Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonyl refers to a sulfonyl group bound to the Ci-C 6 alkyl.
• Ci-C 4 alkylsulfonyl refers to a sulfonyl group bound to the Ci-C 4 alkyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonyl examples include, but are not limited to, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, 1-propylsulfonyl, 2-propylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, s-butylsulfonyl, t- butylsulfonyl, and 2-ethylbutylsulfonyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonylamino refers to an amino group bound to the "Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonyl.
• Ci-C 4 alkylsulfonylamino refers to an amino group bound to the "Ci-C 4 alkylsulfonyl.
• Ci-C 6 alkylsulfonylamino examples include, but are not limited to, methylsul- fonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, 1-propylsulfonylamino, 2-propylsulfonylamino, n- butylsulfonylamino, s-butylsulfonylamino, t-butylsulfonylamino, and 2-ethylbutylsulfonylamino.
• a saturated heterocyclic group refers to a saturated heterocyclic group having one or more than one hetero atom in the ring system.
• 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group refers to a saturated heterocyclic group whose ring consists of 3-8 atoms.
• 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group examples include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, azepanyl, and morpholinyl.
• a salt is defined as the product formed from the neutralization reaction of acids and bases. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral. These component ions can be inorganic as well as organic.
• Hydrate is a term used in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains water.
• Solvate refers to a molecule in a solution complexed by solvent molecules.
• Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. More specifically, isomer includes geometric isomer, optical isomer, stereoisomer, tautomer of the compound, and mixtures thereof.
• the present invention provides a compound represented by formula (I): [Chem.2]
• X is phenyl, thiophen-2-yl, furan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, phenylCi-C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, cyclopropylCi-C 6 alkyl, or cy- clopentylCi-C 6 alkyl; the phenyl, thiophen-2-yl, furan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, phenylQ -C 6 alkyl, thiophen-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, furan-2-ylCi-C 6 alkyl, cyclopropylCi-C 6 alkyl, or cy- clopentylCi-C 6 alkyl are optionally substituted by 1-3 substituent(s) each independently selected from group A;
• L is -NH- or single bond
• M is selected C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl or 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group; the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, and 3-8 membered saturated heterocyclic group are optionally substituted by 1-3 substituent(s) each independently selected from group A; wherein group A consists of hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C 6 alky lamino, C 3 -
• Preferred compounds include those selected from the group consisting of: Example Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, and 72 listed in Table 1 below; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, hydrates and solvates of the forgoing compounds.
• the compound of formula (I) of the present invention may be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt derived from an inorganic or organic acid, and repre- sentative examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt derived from an inorganic or organic acid include salts obtained by adding an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid or sulfonic acid, or organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, mandelic acid, ascorbic acid or malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, or para toluenesulfonic acid, which do not limit its scope, to the compound of formula (I).
• an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid or sulfonic acid
• organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroace
• Such acids may be prepared by the conventional processes, and other acids, which themselves are not pharmaceutically acceptable, including oxalic acid may be employed in the preparation of the bases.
• the compound of formula (I) of the present invention may also be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt derived from an inorganic or organic base include salts obtained by adding an inorganic or organic base.
• alkalis including sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or alkaline earth metal hydroxides including calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide may be used for the preparation of inorganic salt of the compound.
• organic bases including triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine may also be used for the preparation of organic salt of the compound.
• the preferred inventive compound of formula (I-II) and (I-III) may be prepared as in Scheme (I).
• p-TSA is p-toluenesulfonic acid
• HATU is
• amidine B is reacted with the requisite nitrile in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid to afford amidine B.
• Amidine B is chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite and cyclized using sodium bicarbonate to form benzimidazole C.
• Intermediate C is saponified with sodium hydroxide to afford methoxy acid D which is reacted with various amines in the presence of HATU to afford amides F.
• Amides F are treated with boron tribromide to afford compounds of formula (I).
• Intermediate C is treated with boron tribromide to afford hydroxy acid E which is reacted with various amines using EDC and HOBt to afford compounds of formula (I).
• Scheme (II) [Chem.4]
• a salt, hydrate, solvate and isomer of the inventive compound of formula (I) may be prepared by employing any of the known methods.
• the inventive compound of formula (I), a salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof may be used for the treatment of GSK-3beta dependent diseases such as Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes,, by way of inhibiting GSK-3beta activity, the inventive compound having an IC 50 value (micro M), generally in the range of 0.0001 to 100, for example 0.001 to 50, preferably 0.001 to 10, more preferably 0.001 to 5.
• the present invention includes a pharmaceutical composition which contains a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I), a salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; therefore, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention exerts superior preventive and treating effects on GSK-3beta dependent diseases.
• a pharmaceutical formulation may be prepared in accordance with any of the conventional procedures.
• the active ingredient is preferably admixed or diluted with a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier, sachet or other container.
• the carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, semi-solid or liquid material acting as a vehicle, excipient or medium for the active ingredient.
• the formulations may be in the form of a tablet, pill, powder, sachet, elixir, suspension, emulsion, solution, syrup, aerosol, soft and hard gelatin capsule, sterile injectable solution, sterile packaged powder and the like.
• Suitable carriers, excipients, and diluents are lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, and mineral oil.
• the formulations may additionally include fillers, antiemulsifiers, preservatives and the like.
• the compositions of the invention may be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after their administration to a mammal by employing any of the procedures well known in the art.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered via various routes including oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular introduction.
• the present composition may contain other pharmaceutical active ingredients so long as they do not inhibit the in vivo function of the compound of the present invention.
• the composition may further contain chemotherapeutic agents conventionally used for treating Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine or type 2 diabetes .
• the compounds disclosed here can be used to treat or prevent GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes.
• the present invention provides methods for treating or preventing GSK- 3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes in a subject by administering to the subject the compounds disclosed here.
• such compound can be administered to the subject in the form of pharmaceutical composition including the compound of the present invention and pharmaceutically or physiologically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered via various routes including oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular introduction for treating GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes in a subject.
• the present invention also provides the use of the compound of the present invention in manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for treating GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes .
• the present invention relates to a use of the compound of the present invention for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for treating GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes.
• the present invention further provides the compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes.
• the present invention further provides a method or process for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for treating GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes , wherein the method or process includes the step for formulating a pharmaceutically or physiologically acceptable carrier with the compound of the present invention as active ingredients.
• the present invention also provides a method or process for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for treating GSK-3beta dependent diseases including Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes, wherein the method or process includes the step for admixing an active ingredient with a pharmaceutically or physiologically acceptable carrier, wherein the active ingredient is the compound of the present invention.
• the dosage and method of administration vary according to the body- weight, age, and symptoms of the patient; however, one skilled in the art can suitably select them.
• the dose of a compound of the present invention that regulates its activity depends on the symptoms, the dose is generally about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg per day, preferably about 1.0 mg to about 50 mg per day and more preferably about 1.0 mg to about 20 mg per day, when administered orally to a normal adult human (weight 60 kg).
• the compound parenterally in the form of an injection to a normal adult human (weight 60 kg), although there are some differences according to the patient, target organ, symptoms and method of administration, it is convenient to intravenously inject a dose of about 0.01 mg to about 30 mg per day, preferably about 0.1 to about 20 mg per day and more preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mg per day.
• the appropriate dosage amount may be routinely calculated by converting to 60 kg of body- weight. Examples
• p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (42 g, 110 mmol) was heated at 120 degrees C and once the solid completely melted, it was placed under high vacuum for 1 h to remove the water. The vacuum was released, aniline (20 g, 55 mmol) and 2-thiophenecarbonitrile (24 g, 110 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 160 degrees C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature followed by addition of satd. aq NaHCO 3 (250 mL) and ethyl acetate (250 mL).
• the desired product was dissolved in trifluo- roacetic acid (2 mL) and stirred for 1 h at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated and eluted through an ion-exchange column (using methanol and 7 N methanol in ammonia) to obtain the desired products.
• the desired product was obtained as the trifluoroacetic acid salt which was eluted through an ion-exchange column (using methanol and 7 N methanol in ammonia) to obtain the desired products.
• the desired product was treated with TFA (1-2 mL) for 1 h, concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC (C 18 silica, 10-90% acetonitrile/water with 0.05% TFA).
• the desired product was obtained as the trifluoroacetic acid salt which was eluted through an ion-exchange column (using methanol and 7 N methanol in ammonia) to obtain the desired products [0079]
• Example 50 Example 50
• GSK-3beta activity was measured in the presence or absence of compounds using Z'-LYTE kinase assay (Rodems SM, et al., Assay Drug Dev Technol. 1: 9-19, 2002.) kit with SER/THR 9 peptide (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instruction.
• the Z'-LYTE kinase assay kit employs a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two fluorophores, coumarin and fluorescein, attached to each end of a substrate peptide.
• FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer
• Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO at 12.5 mM and then serially diluted as the DMSO concentration in the assays to be 1%.
• the serially diluted compounds, 0.04 ng/micro-1 GSK-3beta (Invitrogen) and 2 micro-M SER/THR 9 peptide were reacted in a reaction buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 0.01% Brij-35, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 15 micro-M ATP).
• a reaction buffer 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 0.01% Brij-35, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 15 micro-M ATP.
• ATP was omitted from the reaction mixture.
• SER/THR 9 phosphopeptide was used in place of the SER/THR 9 peptide.
• CI OD ⁇ coumarin em ission signal of the 100% phosphorylation control
• Q ⁇ . coumarin emission sign al of the 0% ph osph orylation control
• FIDD ⁇ fluorescein emission sign al of th e 100% ph osph orylation control
• Fo ⁇ fluorescein em ission signal of th e ⁇ % phosphorylation control
• IC 50 values were calculated by nonlinear four parameter fit using SigmaPlot, version 10.0 (Systat Software, Inc.).
• the present invention provides a novel 7-Hydroxy-benzoimidazole-4-yl-methanone derivative compound having GSK-3beta inhibitory effect.
• the compounds of the present invention may be used for pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting GSK- 3beta activity in a patient suffering from a GSK-3beta dependent disease.
• Such pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for treating or preventing Alzheimer disease, mania, depression, migraine and type 2 diabetes.

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