Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
  • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
  • C01C1/18—Nitrates of ammonium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
  • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
  • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
  • C05C1/02—Granulation; Pelletisation; Stabilisation; Colouring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
  • C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
  • C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
  • C01P2006/32—Thermal properties
  • C01P2006/37—Stability against thermal decomposition

Definitions

• This disclosure relates to ammonium nitrate composites comprising ammonium nitrate and an oxidation reduction agent and processes for producing such composites.
• ammonium nitrate (including double salts comprising ammonium nitrate) has important uses in the field of agriculture in general and fertilization in particular.
• ammonium nitrate in many of the forms in which it has heretofore been commonly used, is relatively difficult and potentially hazardous to handle commercially in large amounts, and/or to store in great masses (such as occur in commercial warehouses and storage bins), especially for relatively long periods of time.
• many of the forms of ammonium nitrate heretofore commonly used have had a tendency to detonate under relatively mild conditions and have, therefore, sometimes been abused and misused as an explosive material.
• non-explosive composition including a substantially homogeneous blend of solid state ammonium nitrate having an average particle diameter of about 1 to about 1000 ⁇ m and non-oxidizing particulate matter having an average particle diameter of about 1 to about 1000 ⁇ m.
• Fig. 1 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for a typical ammonium nitrate.
• Fig. 2 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for ammonium nitrate sulfate double salt.
• Fig. 3 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for one of our ammonium nitrate composites.
• Fig. 4 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for another one of our ammonium nitrate composites.
• Fig. 5 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for yet another one of our ammonium nitrate composites.
• Fig. 6 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for still another one of our ammonium nitrate composites.
• Fig. 7 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for still another one of our ammonium nitrate composites.
• Fig. 8 is a thermogram of DTG and DTA as a function of temperature for still another one of our ammonium nitrate composites.
• the second compound may be a non-oxidizing salt which is preferably incorporated into the composite by intimately mixing fine particles of ammonium nitrate with fine particles of the at least one second compound.
• fine particle refers to particles and collections of particles having an average particle size of about 1000 ⁇ m or less.
• the methods may comprise forming fine particles of ammonium nitrate, forming fine particles of a second compound, mixing the fine particles to a desired substantially homogeneous composition, and then granulating the homogeneous composition to produce a material comprising granules of the desired size.
• the second compound may be selected from at least from the group consisting of: non-oxidative or low-oxidative ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium molybdenate, ammonium hexaflourosilicate and the like; non-oxidative or low-oxidative calcium salts such as calcium nitrate, calcium carbonate and the like; non-oxidative or low-oxidative potassium salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate and the like; and other salts such as magnesium nitrate, neodymium hydroxynitrate and the like.
• non-oxidative or low-oxidative ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium molybdenate, ammonium hexaflourosilicate and the like
• non-oxidative or low-oxidative calcium salts such as calcium nitrate, calcium carbonate and the like
• ammonium nitrate composition refers broadly to compositions which comprise ammonium nitrate in any form.
• the composites may have a wide range of relative ammonium nitrate:second compound concentrations.
• the mole ratio of ammonium nitrate to the second compound is preferably from about 0.8:1 to about 1 : 1.2, with a molar ratio of about 1 : 1 being more preferred.
• the ammonium nitrate used to form the composites is preferably fertilizer grade material of at least about 90 wt. % purity, more preferably, at least about 95 wt. % purity, and even more preferably at least about 97 wt. % purity.
• One method for forming the composites comprises blending, with low energy input, ammonium nitrate particles of a size readily commercially available, preferably having an average particle diameter of greater than about 1 mm, with fine particles of the low-oxidizing or non-oxidizing second compound, and then granulating the blend to produce a homogeneous blend of fine particles of both ammonium nitrate and the second compound.
• the granulation process may comprise providing the blend of fine particles comprising ammonium nitrate and the second compound and introducing the blend of particles to a granulator containing a non-thermoreactive acids or mixture of acids such as sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid, in an ammoniating environment, wherein ammonium sulfate at least partially covers or coats particles or groups of particles forming the blend of fine particles.
• a granulator containing a non-thermoreactive acids or mixture of acids such as sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid
• ammonium sulfate at least partially covers or coats particles or groups of particles forming the blend of fine particles.
• This causes agglomeration or growth of particles that further include ammonium sulfate coatings that can further improve the safety of the composite material.
• Those skilled in the art in view of these teachings, can adapt this granulation technique and other known granulation techniques to produce materials having the properties, including the particle size, desired for a
• our method can include (a) reducing the average size of ammonium nitrate having an average particle diameter greater than about 1 mm; and (b) blending said ammonium nitrate with a substantially non-oxidizing compound having an average particle diameter of about 1 ,000 ⁇ m or less to produce a substantially homogeneous blend of ammonium nitrate and said non-oxidizing compound having an average particle diameter of about 1 to about 1,000 ⁇ m to form a substantially non-explosive powder.
• Comparative Example 2 Fused ammonium nitrate sulfate (ANS) 1 :2 double salt was tested using the same analytical equipment described in connection with Comparative Example 1. The resulting thermogram in Fig. 2 illustrates typical results from testing of 1 :2 ANS double salt, showing its relative stability.
• Example 1 [0035] A series of four (4) of our substantially identical ammonium nitrate composite samples (Spec #'s 1 - 4), which in this instance were substantially free of double salts, were tested using the same analytical equipment described in connection with Comparative Example 1. The thermogramic results are shown in Table 1 and Figs. 3 - 6 and illustrate that these properties are similar to results from the 1 :2 ANS double salt from Comparative Example 2.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-07-08 US US12/499,598 patent/US20100012237A1/en not_active Abandoned
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• 2011
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