WO2010051681A1 - 电动自行车中置电机驱动装置 - Google Patents

电动自行车中置电机驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010051681A1
WO2010051681A1 PCT/CN2009/000934 CN2009000934W WO2010051681A1 WO 2010051681 A1 WO2010051681 A1 WO 2010051681A1 CN 2009000934 W CN2009000934 W CN 2009000934W WO 2010051681 A1 WO2010051681 A1 WO 2010051681A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ratchet
motor
center
gear
central
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PCT/CN2009/000934
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高峰
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苏州博菲利电动科技有限公司
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Application filed by 苏州博菲利电动科技有限公司 filed Critical 苏州博菲利电动科技有限公司
Publication of WO2010051681A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010051681A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2069—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using two freewheel mechanism

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric bicycle (also called a moped, a moped, hereinafter referred to as an electric bicycle) driving device, in particular to an electric bicycle central motor driving device, in which the motor rotor is separated from the central shaft and is composed of two An integrated power drive with a radial or axial stack of ratchets in opposite directions.
  • an electric bicycle also called a moped, a moped, hereinafter referred to as an electric bicycle
  • an electric bicycle central motor driving device in which the motor rotor is separated from the central shaft and is composed of two An integrated power drive with a radial or axial stack of ratchets in opposite directions.
  • the motor directly drives the axle to drive the car body forward.
  • This configuration mainly includes the following Disadvantages: First of all, the installation position of the power unit is difficult to solve, and the cost is high, the repair is difficult, the front and rear wheels are unevenly loaded, the center of gravity is high, the accident is easy to occur under bumpy road conditions, and the appearance of the whole vehicle cannot be beautiful. Secondly, because the drive motor needs to be driven directly at the axle end, its starting current is large, and the power consumption is large, which leads to shortened battery life of the electric vehicle. In addition, the motor will follow the wheel when driven by human power, because it is mounted on the wheel.
  • the board will also have a series of inconveniences.
  • the other is a parallel drive system with a Chinese chain structure.
  • the design uses a double rear wheel structure to connect the motor through a chain to a rear wheel to form a motor drive.
  • the pedal is connected to the other rear wheel to form a human drive.
  • This structure takes up a large volume, the structure is not compact enough and the cost is high, which does not meet the current concept of pursuing fashion and trendy.
  • the present invention provides a novel electric bicycle center motor driving device from the viewpoint of improving the prior art to make up for the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the invention provides a method for solving the problem that the pedal is rotated when the motor is driven, and the motor is turned when the human is driven.
  • a new type of electric bicycle center-mounted motor drive device that causes the riding effort and the problem that the structure is not compact and the cost is high.
  • an electric bicycle central motor driving device comprising a driving sprocket, a motor, a reduction box, a driving sprocket disposed at a central axis position, and a double ratchet clutch transmission
  • the motor, the reduction gear box and the double ratchet clutch transmission are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the central axis, wherein the reduction gear box is composed of a central external gear, a central internal gear, a planetary gear and a planetary carrier; the double ratchet clutch transmission is composed of The two ratchets having opposite stopping directions are superposed, wherein the pawl of the first ratchet is disposed on the outer edge of the second ratchet to constitute the pawl wheel, and the pawl of the second ratchet is disposed on the outer edge of the pawl seat;
  • the central external gear is fixedly connected to the rotor of the motor through a hollow shaft as an input member of the reduction gear box.
  • the hollow shaft is sleeved outside the central shaft and is rotatably connected with respect to the central shaft.
  • the planetary gear is rotatably connected with respect to the center line of rotation thereof, the central internal gear and the carrier Between the two, one is fixed on the outer casing of the reduction gearbox, and the other is fixedly connected to the first ratchet as an output member of the reduction gearbox, and the first ratchet acts as a power input member of the double ratchet clutch transmission;
  • the pawl seat is fixedly connected to the middle shaft as a human input member of the double ratchet clutch transmission; the pawl wheel is fixedly connected to the driving sprocket as an output member of the double ratchet clutch transmission.
  • the carrier is fixed to the outer casing of the shifting mechanism, and the central internal gear is fixedly connected to the first ratchet as an output member of the reduction box.
  • the central internal gear is fixed on the outer casing of the shifting mechanism, and the planetary carrier is fixedly connected to the first ratchet as an output member of the reduction box.
  • the double ratchet clutch actuator is formed by axially superimposing two ratchet wheels with opposite stopping directions, as shown in FIG.
  • the double ratchet clutch transmission is formed by a radial superposition of two ratchet wheels with opposite stopping directions, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the rotor of the motor is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft is sleeved outside the central shaft and supported by the bearing on the motor casing, that is, the hollow shaft is completely separated from the central shaft.
  • the motor stator can be attached to the motor cover or motor housing.
  • the planetary gears are composed of three, and the three planetary gears are arranged around the center outer gear and mesh with the center inner gear and the center outer gear, respectively.
  • the planetary gears can also be one or two.
  • the central axis refers to the pedal core.
  • the driving sprocket may be one; or multiple, for a variable speed vehicle On, in order to adjust the speed according to different road conditions.
  • the "slewing center line” refers to the center line of rotation of the planetary gear or the carrier.
  • the working principle of the invention is: According to the principle of gear meshing and the structural characteristics and action principle of the ratchet wheel, as shown in Fig. 3, when the first ratchet rotates clockwise, the pawl wheel also rotates clockwise, and the pawl seat Keeping still; as shown in Figure 4, when the pawl seat rotates clockwise, the pawl wheel also rotates clockwise, while the first ratchet remains stationary; this mode of operation achieves power transmission and achieves Separation of institutions.
  • the central internal gear acts as the output member of the reduction gearbox, and is fixedly connected with the first ratchet of the power input member as the double ratchet clutch transmission, and the pawl seat serves as the human power of the double ratchet clutch transmission.
  • the input member is fixedly connected to the central axis, the electric bicycle can be divided into three states during the riding process:
  • (1) electric drive state: When the motor is turned on, the motor rotor rotates counterclockwise, driving the center outer gear to rotate counterclockwise, the center outer gear drives the planetary gear to rotate clockwise, the planet carrier is fixedly connected to the gearbox housing, then the planet The frame is fixed, when the planetary gear drives the central internal gear to rotate clockwise, and the central internal gear is fixedly connected with the first ratchet, which drives the first ratchet to rotate clockwise, and the pawl wheel also rotates clockwise, thereby driving The drive sprocket rotates clockwise to drive the car body forward; at this time, the pawl seat remains stationary and the center shaft does not follow.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
  • the rotor of the central motor of the present invention is fixedly connected with the central external gear of the input member in the reduction box through a hollow shaft, completely separated from the central shaft, that is, the hollow shaft is mounted on the motor casing and the motor end cover through the bearing, thereby being better.
  • the performance and accuracy of the motor are guaranteed to be practical in production.
  • the present invention connects the human foot pedal drive and the electric drive parallel combination with the drive sprocket through the double ratchet clutch transmission, the transmission resistance is reduced, and there is no electric power in the human drive.
  • the bicycle has a large resistance and feels tired. It has no strange feeling when riding a bicycle, and can get a good feeling of cycling.
  • the invention adopts the structure of the double ratchet clutch transmission, when the electric drive is driven, the central shaft can remain stationary, avoiding unnecessary trouble; when the human power is driven, the rotor of the motor can be kept stationary, thereby avoiding the coil.
  • the problem of resistance caused by cutting magnetic lines makes it easier for people to ride.
  • the electric (human) drive is not enough to drive the car body or it is difficult to get a good riding speed, it can be supplemented by manpower (electric power).
  • the drive acts as an auxiliary power source without causing problems such as drag.
  • the use of a stacked (axially stacked or radially superimposed) double ratchet clutch actuator structure reduces the axial distance of the entire drive and is more conducive to mounting on a bicycle.
  • the transmission device of the invention integrates the motor, the transmission and the manual drive, the structure is compact, extremely, unified and coordinated, and provides a technical basis for creating a leisure and folding electric bicycle.
  • the invention eliminates the electromagnetic clutch frequently used in the general state, the double ratchet clutch transmission is adopted, the power consumption is reduced, the battery life of the electric bicycle is prolonged, and the operation is simple and practical.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the radial superposition of a ratchet clutch clutch of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the axial superposition of the double ratchet clutch transmission of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the power input transmission of the double ratchet clutch transmission of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the human input drive of the double ratchet clutch transmission of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a transmission principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission principle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • an electric bicycle central motor driving device comprises a driving sprocket 1, a motor and a reduction box.
  • the driving sprocket 1 is arranged at the position of the center shaft 5, and further comprises a double ratchet clutch.
  • Pass The motor, the reduction gearbox and the double ratchet clutch transmission are juxtaposed with respect to the drive sprocket 1 in the axial direction of the center shaft 5, wherein the reduction gearbox is composed of the center outer gear 14, the center inner gear 13, the planetary gear 15, and the carrier 16.
  • the double ratchet clutch transmission is composed of two ratchet stacks with opposite stopping directions. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the first ratchet 2 and the second ratchet 8 are axially or radially superposed, wherein the first The pawl 9 of the ratchet 2 is disposed on the outer edge of the second ratchet 8, thereby forming the pawl wheel 3, and the pawl 9 of the second ratchet 8 is disposed at the outer edge of the pawl seat 4;
  • the central external gear 14 is fixedly connected to the motor rotor 6 via a hollow shaft 17 as an input member of the reduction gear box (the motor stator 7 can be fixed to the motor end cover or the motor housing 10), and the hollow shaft 17 is fitted outside the center shaft 5, and is relatively
  • the center shaft 5 is rotationally coupled
  • the planetary gear 15 is rotatably coupled with respect to its center of revolution
  • the planetary gear 15 is composed of three.
  • the three planetary gears 15 are disposed around the center external gear 14, and mesh with the center internal gear 13 and the center external gear 14, respectively. .
  • the carrier 16 is fixed to the outer casing of the reduction gearbox, and the inner gear 13 is fixedly connected to the first ratchet 2 as an output member of the reduction gearbox, and the first ratchet 2 serves as a power input member of the double ratchet clutch transmission;
  • the pawl seat 4 is fixedly coupled to the center shaft 5 as a human input member of the double ratchet clutch actuator; the pawl wheel 3 is fixedly coupled to the drive sprocket 1 as an output member of the ratchet clutch actuator.
  • the drive sprocket 1 can be one or more, and can be used on a shift car to adjust the speed according to different road conditions.
  • the central shaft 5 (the pedal core shaft) is fixedly connected with the pawl seat 4, and the pawl seat 4 is driven to rotate clockwise, and the pawl seat 4 drives the pawl wheel 3
  • the clockwise rotation is performed, and the pawl wheel 3 drives the driving sprocket 1 to rotate clockwise to drive the vehicle body to advance; at this time, the first ratchet 2 remains stationary, and the center internal gear 13 remains stationary, and the magnetic lines of force are not cut.
  • the rotor 6 of the motor remains stationary and does not introduce additional resistance to the human drive.
  • the human driving center shaft 5 rotates the driving sprocket 1 clockwise, and the driven sprocket rotates clockwise through the chain. Due to the structural characteristics and operating principle of the double ratchet clutch transmission, the human drive does not interfere with the normal driving of the motor rotor 6; likewise, the motor rotor 6 drives the first ratchet 2 to rotate clockwise, and the pawl wheel 3 also follows the clockwise direction. Rotating, driving the drive sprocket 1 to rotate clockwise will also ensure that it does not dry It is driven by human power, so the body can be driven by manpower and electricity.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • an electric bicycle double ratchet clutch transmission device differs from the first embodiment only in that: the center internal gear 13 is fixed on the reduction gear case, and the carrier 16 serves as an output member of the reduction gear box. It is fixedly connected to the first ratchet 2, and other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the motor rotor 6 rotates clockwise, causing the center external gear 14 to rotate clockwise, and the center external gear 14 drives the planetary gear 15 to rotate counterclockwise. Since the center internal gear 13 is fixedly connected to the reduction case, the center The internal gear 13 is fixed. At this time, the planetary gear 15 drives the carrier 16 to rotate clockwise, and the carrier 16 is fixedly connected with the first ratchet 2, and the first ratchet 2 is rotated clockwise, and the pawl wheel 3 is also followed. The hour hand rotates, thereby driving the driving sprocket 1 to rotate clockwise to drive the vehicle body to advance; at this time, the pawl seat 4 remains stationary, and the center shaft 5 does not follow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

电动自行车中置电机驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动自行车 （也称助力车、 助动车， 以下称电动自行车） 驱动装置， 特别涉及一种电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 该驱动装置中， 电机 转子与中轴分离，并由两个止动方向相反的棘轮径向或轴向叠加而成的集成动 力驱动装置。
背景技术
我国是自行车大国， 自行车是非常普遍的大众型交通工具，但自行车必须 靠人踏脚踏板带动链条来驱动后轮实现向前行走， 所以在长时间的骑行时，人 会感觉到很疲劳，于是作为自行车的改进产品一一电动自行车逐渐进入了人们 的视线， 因其价格较低， 构造筒单， 且兼有人力驱动和电驱动两种功能， 越来 越为广大群众所喜爱， 此外相对汽车而言， 它是一种污染低， 噪音小的新型绿 色便捷的交通工具，无论是对社会经济还是生态环境以及能源利用都具有深远 的意义。
现有的电动自行车主要有两类， 一种是将驱动电机装在前轮（前置式）或 后轮（后置式）， 电机直接驱动车轴来带动车体前进， 此种配置方式主要有以 下缺点： 首先， 动力装置安装位置难以解决， 且成本高， 修理困难， 前后两个 车轮承重不均匀， 重心较高， 在颠簸的路况下容易发生事故， 并且整车外观方 面也无法做到美观大方； 其次， 因为驱动电机需要在车轴端直接驱动， 其启动 电流大， 而且耗电量大， 导致电动车的电池寿命缩短； 此外， 在人力驱动时电 机也会跟转， 由于装在轮子上的直流电动机在不通电时， 线圈仍在切割由永磁 体产生的磁力线而产生一个与车体前进方向相反的力，从而导致人在骑行过程 中比骑普通的自行车费力，在电机驱动时脚踏板也会跟转同样会产生一系列的 不便。 另一种是汉链条结构并联的驱动系统， 此设计是采用双后轮的结构， 将 电机通过链条与一个后轮连接组成电机驱动装置，脚踏轮通过链条与另一后轮 连接组成人力驱动装置， 但此结构占用体积较大， 结构不够紧凑且成本较高， 不符合现在人们追求时尚、 新潮的观念。
因此，本发明从改进现有技术的角度出发，提供一种新型的电动自行车中 置电机驱动装置， 来弥补现有技术中的不足。
发明内容 '
本发明提供一种可以解决电机驱动时脚踏板跟转、人力驱动时电机跟转而 导致的骑行费力以及结构不紧凑、成本高等问题的新型电动自行车中置电机驱 动装置。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是： 一种电动自行车中置电机驱 动装置， 包括主动链轮、 电机、 减速箱， 主动链轮设在中轴位置上， 还包括双 棘轮离合传动器， 电机、减速箱和双棘轮离合传动器相对主动链轮在中轴的轴 线方向并列布置， 其中， 減速箱由中心外齿轮、 中心内齿轮、 行星齿轮和行星 架组成； 双棘轮离合传动器由止动方向相反的两个棘轮叠加构成，其中第一棘 轮的棘爪设在第二棘轮的外缘， 以此构成棘爪轮, 第二棘轮的棘爪设在棘爪座 的外缘；
中心外齿轮作为减速箱的输入构件通过一空心轴与电机转子固定连接，空 心轴套装在中轴外， 并相对中轴转动连接，行星齿轮相对其回转中心线转动连 接， 中心内齿轮和行星架两者之间， 一者固定于减速箱外壳上， 另一者作为减 速箱的输出构件与第一棘轮固定连接，第一棘轮作为双棘轮离合传动器的电力 输入构件；
棘爪座作为双棘轮离合传动器的人力输入构件与中轴固定连接； 棘爪轮作为双棘轮离合传动器的输出构件与主动链轮固定连接。
上述技术方案中的有关内容解释如下：
1、 上述方案中， 所述行星架固定在变速机构的外壳上， 中心内齿轮作为 减速箱的输出构件与第一棘轮固定连接。
2、上述方案中， 所述中心内齿轮固定在变速机构的外壳上， 行星架作为 減速箱的输出构件与第一棘轮固定连接。
3、 上述方案中， 所述双棘轮离合传动器由止动方向相反的两个棘轮轴向 叠加构成， 如图 1所示。
4、 上述方案中， 所述双棘轮离合传动器由止动方向相反的两个棘轮径向 叠加构成， 如图 2所示。
5、 上述方案中， 所述电机转子与空心轴固定连接， 该空心轴套装在中轴 外， 并经轴承转动支承于电机外壳上， 即空心轴与中轴完全分离。 电机定子可 固定于电机端盖或电机外壳上。
6、 上述方案中， 所述行星齿轮由三个组成， 三个行星齿轮围绕中心外齿 轮布置， 并分别与中心内齿轮和中心外齿轮啮合。 另外， 行星齿轮也可以为一 个或两个。
7、 上述方案中， 所述中轴即指脚踏天芯轴。
8、 上述方案中， 所述主动链轮可以为一个； 也可以为多个， 用于变速车 上， 以才 据不同路况进行调速。
9、 上述方案中， 所述 "回转中心线" 指的是行星齿轮或行星架的回转中 心线。
本发明工作原理是： 根据齿轮啮合原理及棘轮的结构特点及动作原理，如 图 3所示， 当第一棘轮作顺时针转动时， 棘爪轮也跟着作顺时针转动， 而棘爪 座则保持静止； 如图 4所示， 当棘爪座作顺时针转动时， 棘爪轮也跟着作顺时 针转动， 而第一棘轮则保持静止； 这种工作方式即实现了动力传动， 又实现了 机构分离。
当中心外齿轮作为减速箱的输入构件， 中心内齿轮作为减速箱的输出构 件， 与作为双棘轮离合传动器的电力输入构件的第一棘轮固定连接，棘爪座作 为双棘轮离合传动器的人力输入构件与中轴固定连接时，电动自行车在骑行过 程中可以分三种状态：
( 1 )、 电力驱动状态： 电机开启时， 电机转子逆时针转动， 带动中心外齿 轮逆时针转动， 中心外齿轮则带动行星齿轮作顺时针转动，行星架固定连接在 减速箱外壳上， 则行星架固定不动，此时行星齿轮带动中心内齿轮作顺时针转 动， 又中心内齿轮与与第一棘轮固定连接， 带动第一棘轮顺时针转动， 而棘爪 轮也跟着顺时针转动， 从而带动主动链轮顺时针转动， 驱动车体前进； 而此时 棘爪座保持静止， 中轴不跟转。
( 2 )、 人力驱动状态： 当人力踏动脚踏板时， 根据传动原理， 中轴（脚踏 天芯轴）与棘爪座固定连接， 则带动棘爪座顺时针转动， 棘爪座带动棘爪轮作 顺时针转动， 而棘爪轮则带动主动链轮顺时针转动 , 从而驱动车体前进; 而此 时第一棘轮保持静止， 中心内齿轮也保持静止状态， 不会切割磁力线， 电机转 子保持静止状态， 不给人力驱动带来额外的阻力。
( 3 )、 电力与人力共同驱动状态： 此原理为以上两个原理的综合， 人力驱 动与电力驱动互不影响。
当中心外齿轮作为减速箱的输入构件，行星架作为减速箱的输出构件时的 驱动原理与上述同， 不在赘述。
由于上述技术方案运用， 本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：
1、 由于本发明中置电机转子通过一空心轴与减速箱中的输入构件中心外 齿轮固定连接， 与中轴完全分离， 即空心轴通过轴承安装于电机外壳及电机端 盖上， 从而更好的保证电机的性能及精度， 在生产中较为实用。
2、 由于本发明通过双棘轮离合传动器分别将人力脚踏驱动和电力驱动并 联组合与主动链轮连接， 因而降低了传动阻力，在人力驱动时没有以往的电动 自行车骑行阻力大、 感觉累的缺点， 骑行时与普通自行车并无异样感觉， 可以 获得良好的骑车感受。
3、 由于本发明釆用了双棘轮离合传动器的结构， 所以当电力驱动时， 中 轴能保持静止， 避免了不必要的麻烦； 当人力驱动时， 电机转子能保持静止， 从而避免了线圈切割磁力线带来的阻力问题，可使人骑行更轻松； 在上坡或逆 风行驶时， 电力 （人力）驱动不足以驱动车体或难以获得良好的骑车速度时， 可辅以人力 (电力）驱动作为辅助动力源而不会带来阻力等问题。 另外， 采用 层叠式（轴向叠加或径向叠加）双棘轮离合传动器结构， 可缩短整个驱动装置 的轴向距离， 更利于安装于自行车上。
4、 由于本发明的传动装置集电机、 传动、 人工驱动于一体， 结构紧凑而 精致、 统一而协调， 为打造休闲、 折叠电动自行车提供了技术基础。
5、 由于本发明摒弃了一般状态下经常使用的电磁离合器， 采用了双棘轮 离合传动器， 降低了电能的消耗， 延长了电动自行车的续航能力， 同时操作筒 单、 实用。
6、 本设计方案最适合应用于锂电池电动自行车。
附图说明
附图 1为本发明汉棘轮离合传动器径向叠加示意图；
附图 2为本发明双棘轮离合传动器轴向叠加示意图；
附图 3为本发明双棘轮离合传动器电力输入传动原理图；
附图 4为本发明双棘轮离合传动器人力输入传动原理图；
附图 5为本发明实施例一结构示意图；
附图 6为本发明实施例一传动原理示意图；
附图 7为本发明实施例二结构示意图；
附图 8为本发明实施例二传动原理示意图；
以上附图中： 1、 主动链轮； 2、 第一棘轮； 3、 棘爪轮； 4、 棘爪座； 5、 中轴； 6、 电机转子； 7、 电机定子； 8、 第二棘轮； 9、 棘爪； 10、 电机外壳； 11、 轴承； 12、 减速箱外壳； 13、 中心内齿轮； 14、 中心外齿轮； 15、 行星齿 轮； 16、 行星架； 17、 空心轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例一：
如图 3、 图 5、 图 6所示， 一种电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 包括主动 链轮 1、 电机、 减速箱， 主动链轮 1设在中轴 5位置上， 还包括双棘轮离合传 动器， 电机、減速箱和双棘轮离合传动器相对主动链轮 1在中轴 5的轴线方向 并列布置， 其中， 减速箱由中心外齿轮 14、 中心内齿轮 13、 行星齿轮 15和行 星架 16组成； 双棘轮离合传动器由止动方向相反的两个棘轮叠加构成， 如图 1和图 2所示， 由第一棘轮 2和第二棘轮 8轴向或径向叠加而成， 其中第一棘 轮 2的棘爪 9设在第二棘轮 8的外缘， 以此构成棘爪轮 3 , 第二棘轮 8的棘爪 9设在棘爪座 4的外缘；
中心外齿轮 14作为减速箱的输入构件通过一空心轴 17与电机转子 6固定 连接 (电机定子 7可固定于电机端盖或电机外壳 10上）， 空心轴 17套装在中 轴 5外， 并相对中轴 5转动连接， 行星齿轮 15相对其回转中心线转动连接， 行星齿轮 15由三个组成， 三个行星齿轮 15围绕中心外齿轮 14布置， 并分别 与中心内齿轮 13和中心外齿轮 14啮合。 行星架 16固定于减速箱外壳上， 中 心内齿轮 13作为减速箱的输出构件与第一棘轮 2固定连接， 第一棘轮 2作为 双棘轮离合传动器的电力输入构件；
棘爪座 4作为双棘轮离合传动器的人力输入构件与中轴 5固定连接； 棘爪轮 3作为 棘轮离合传动器的输出构件与主动链轮 1固定连接。
另外， 主动链轮 1可以为一个， 也可以为多个， 用于变速车上， 以才艮据不 同路况进行调速。
当电机开启时， 电机转子 6逆时针转动 , 带动中心外齿轮 14逆时针转动 , 中心外齿轮 14则带动行星齿轮 15作顺时针转动， 行星架 16固定连接在减速 箱外壳上， 则行星架 16固定不动， 此时行星齿轮 15带动中心内齿轮 13作顺 时针转动， 又中心内齿轮 13与第一棘轮 2固定连接， 带动第一棘轮 2顺时针 转动， 而棘爪轮 3也跟着顺时针转动， 从而带动主动链轮 1顺时针转动， 驱动 车体前进； 而此时棘爪座 4保持静止， 中轴 5不跟转。
当人力踏动脚踏板时， 根据传动原理， 中轴 5 (脚踏天芯轴） 与棘爪座 4 固定连接，则带动棘爪座 4顺时针转动，棘爪座 4带动棘爪轮 3作顺时针转动， 而棘爪轮 3则带动主动链轮 1顺时针转动，从而驱动车体前进； 而此时第一棘 轮 2保持静止, 中心内齿轮 13也保持静止状态, 不会切割磁力线, 电机转子 6保持静止状态， 不给人力驱动带来额外的阻力。
当在上坡或逆风行驶时，可以采用人力与电力共同驱动的方式来增加驱动 能力， 此时人驱动中轴 5使主动链轮 1作顺时针转动，通过链条带动从动链轮 顺时针转动， 由于双棘轮离合传动器的结构特点及动作原理，人力驱动时不会 干扰电机转子 6的正常驱动；同样电机转子 6驱动带动第一棘轮 2顺时针转动， 而棘爪轮 3也跟着顺时针转动， 则带动主动链轮 1顺时针转动，也会保证不干 扰人力驱动， 所以可以通过人力和电力共同驱动车体。
实施例二：
如图 7、 图 8所示， 一种电动自行车双棘轮离合传动装置， 与实施例一的 不同之处仅在于： 中心内齿轮 13固定于减速箱外壳上，行星架 16作为减速箱 的输出构件与第一棘轮 2固定连接， 其他结构与实施例一相同。
在电机启动时 , 电机转子 6顺时针转动， 带动中心外齿轮 14顺时针转动， 中心外齿轮 14则带动行星齿轮 15作逆时针转动， 由于中心内齿轮 13固定连 接在减速箱外壳上， 则中心内齿轮 13固定不动，此时行星齿轮 15带动行星架 16作顺时针转动， 又行星架 16与第一棘轮 2固定连接， 带动第一棘轮 2顺时 针转动， 而棘爪轮 3也跟着顺时针转动， 从而带动主动链轮 1顺时针转动， 驱 动车体前进； 而此时棘爪座 4保持静止， 中轴 5不跟转。
其他结构与工作原理与实施例一相同， 这里不再详细描述。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技 术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范 围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护 范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 包括主动链轮、 电机、 减速箱， 主动链轮设在中轴位置上， 其特征在于： 还包括汉棘轮离合传动器， 电机、 减 速箱和双棘轮离合传动器相对主动链轮在中轴的轴线方向并列布置， 其中， 减 速箱由中心外齿轮、 中心内齿轮、 行星齿轮和行星架组成； 双棘轮离合传动器 由止动方向相反的两个棘轮叠加构成，其中第一棘轮的棘爪设在第二棘轮的外 缘， 以此构成棘爪轮， 第二棘轮的棘爪设在棘爪座的外缘;
中心外齿轮作为减速箱的输入构件通过一空心轴与电机转子固定连接，空 心轴套装在中轴外， 并相对中轴转动连接，行星齿轮相对其回转中心线转动连 接， 中心内齿轮和行星架两者之间， 一者固定于减速箱外壳上， 另一者作为减 速箱的输出构件与第一棘轮固定连接，第一棘轮作为双棘轮离合传动器的电力 输入构件；
棘爪座作为双棘轮离合传动器的人力输入构件与中轴固定连接； 棘爪轮作为双棘轮离合传动器的输出构件与主动链轮固定连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 其特征在于： 所述行星架固定在变速机构的外壳上，中心内齿轮作为减速箱的输出构件与第 一棘轮固定连接。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 其特征在于： 所述中心内齿轮固定在变速机构的外壳上，行星架作为减速箱的输出构件与第 一棘轮固定连接。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 其特征在于： 所述双棘轮离合传动器由止动方向相反的两个棘轮径向叠加构成。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 其特征在于： 所述双棘轮离合传动器由止动方向相反的两个棘轮轴向叠加构成。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 其特征在于： 所述电机转子与空心轴固定连接，该空心轴套装在中轴外， 并经轴承转动支承 于电机外壳上。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动自行车中置电机驱动装置， 其特征在于： 所述行星齿轮由三个組成， 三个行星齿轮围绕中心外齿轮布置， 并分别与中心 内齿轮和中心外齿轮啮合。
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