WO2010044356A1 - Dispositif d'affichage d'image et visiocasque - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage d'image et visiocasque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010044356A1
WO2010044356A1 PCT/JP2009/067405 JP2009067405W WO2010044356A1 WO 2010044356 A1 WO2010044356 A1 WO 2010044356A1 JP 2009067405 W JP2009067405 W JP 2009067405W WO 2010044356 A1 WO2010044356 A1 WO 2010044356A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
light
illumination
eyepiece
optical system
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Application number
PCT/JP2009/067405
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佳恵 清水
谷尻　靖
Original Assignee
コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社
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Publication of WO2010044356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010044356A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/082—Catadioptric systems using three curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0832—Catadioptric systems using three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
    • G02B17/086—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a video display device that provides an observer with a video displayed on a display element as a virtual image, and a head mounted display (hereinafter also referred to as an HMD) including the video display device.
  • a video display device that provides an observer with a video displayed on a display element as a virtual image
  • a head mounted display hereinafter also referred to as an HMD
  • the video display device disclosed in Patent Document 1 guides illumination light from a light source 101 to a display element 103 (for example, an LCD) via an illumination optical system 102 (for example, an eccentric condenser mirror) for display.
  • a display element 103 for example, an LCD
  • an illumination optical system 102 for example, an eccentric condenser mirror
  • the light source 101 is a plurality of light source elements that can select illumination light irradiation.
  • the light source element which is configured and located at a position substantially conjugate with the observer's pupil is turned on. Thereby, even without providing a mechanical driving means for moving the light source 101, the observer can observe a good image regardless of the position of the pupil and the diopter (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism). ing.
  • the optical path of the light from the light source may be different from the optical path at the time of designing the eyepiece optical system, and the performance of the eyepiece optical system is You may not get enough. As a result, the image quality of the observation video is degraded.
  • Patent Document 1 makes no mention of the total imaging performance from the light source 101 to the optical pupil E when the light source 101 and the optical pupil E are conjugated. It cannot be said that the aberration is sufficiently corrected.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to form a total image from the light source to the optical pupil when the light source and the optical pupil are in a conjugate positional relationship.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a video display device capable of improving performance and avoiding a deterioration in image quality of an observation video, and an HMD including the video display device.
  • the image display device of the present invention includes a light source, a transmissive display element that modulates incident light to display an image, and an illumination optical system that reflects light from the light source on an illumination reflecting surface and guides the light to the display element. And an eyepiece optical system that reflects the image light from the display element on an eyepiece reflecting surface and guides it to an optical pupil, the center of the light source and the center of the display area of the display element And the optical axis is the axis that optically connects the center of the optical pupil, and the plane that includes the optical axis is the main plane, the light source and the optical pupil are in an optically conjugate positional relationship.
  • the illumination reflecting surface and the eyepiece reflecting surface have a positive power in the main plane, and the perpendicular of the illumination reflecting surface at the intersection of the illumination reflecting surface and the optical axis;
  • the angle formed by the optical axis from the illumination reflecting surface toward the display element is ⁇ ill, provided that The case where the direction from the perpendicular to the optical axis around the intersection is counterclockwise in the main plane is positive, the case where the direction is clockwise is negative, and the intersection between the eyepiece reflecting surface and the optical axis is negative.
  • An angle formed between the perpendicular of the eyepiece reflecting surface and the optical axis from the eyepiece reflecting surface toward the optical pupil is ⁇ view, provided that the direction from the perpendicular to the optical axis about the intersection is the main plane.
  • the illumination optical system further has a refracting surface having a positive power in the main plane and decentered with respect to the optical axis, and the light from the light source is reflected by the refracting surface. After being refracted and reflected by the reflecting surface for illumination, the light is again refracted by the refracting surface and led to the display element.
  • the eyepiece reflecting surface may be composed of a volume phase type reflection type hologram optical element.
  • the hologram optical element exposes the hologram photosensitive material on the substrate with two light beams from the substrate side and the opposite side, and records interference fringes due to these two light beams on the hologram photosensitive material.
  • the position of the point light source that is manufactured and generates a light beam incident on the hologram photosensitive material from the substrate side out of the two light beams is the same position as the optical pupil of the eyepiece optical system at the time of image observation. desirable.
  • the refractive surface and the illumination reflecting surface of the illumination optical system are concave surfaces that are concave with respect to the light source side and the display element side.
  • the refractive surface and the illumination reflecting surface of the illumination optical system may be rotationally asymmetric surfaces.
  • the refractive surface and the illumination reflecting surface of the illumination optical system may be a cylindrical surface having optical power in a plane parallel to the main plane.
  • the head-mounted display of the present invention is characterized by having the above-described video display device of the present invention and support means for supporting the video display device in front of an observer's eyes.
  • the support unit may adjust the position of the optical pupil of the eyepiece optical system so as to match the position of the pupil of the observer, and then adjust the relative position of the eyepiece optical system with respect to the observer's head. It is desirable to have fixing means for fixing the position.
  • the illumination reflecting surface and the eyepiece reflecting surface are arranged eccentrically with respect to the optical axis, so that the apparatus can be configured compactly.
  • conditional expression (3) it is possible to cause the various aberrations generated by the eccentric arrangement of the illumination reflecting surface and the various aberrations generated by the eccentric arrangement of the eyepiece reflecting surface to act to cancel each other. it can.
  • the illumination optical system refracts the light from the light source on the refracting surface, reflects it on the reflecting surface for illumination, and then refracts it again on the refracting surface and guides it to the display element.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a video display device of Example 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a video display device of Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a manufacturing optical system for producing a hologram optical element of the video display device of Example 1. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the outline of the video display apparatus of Example 2.
  • FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows (theta) ill and (theta) view in the video display apparatus of Example 2, respectively. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the outline of the video display apparatus of a comparative example. It is explanatory drawing which respectively shows (theta) ill and (theta) view in the video display apparatus of a comparative example.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a manufacturing optical system for producing a hologram optical element of the video display device of Example 1. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the outline of the video display apparatus of Example 2.
  • FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows (theta) ill and (theta) view in the video display apparatus of Example 2, respectively.
  • Example 6 is a lateral aberration diagram when an image on the optical pupil is formed at the position of the light source in the configuration of Example 1.
  • Example 2 it is a lateral aberration figure when forming the image in an optical pupil in the position of a light source.
  • FIG. 10 is a lateral aberration diagram when an image on the optical pupil is formed at the position of the light source in the configuration of the comparative example. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the outline of the conventional video display apparatus.
  • FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an optical path in the video display device 1 that guides video light from the display element 14 to the optical pupil E through the eyepiece optical system 4.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 is assumed to be composed of, for example, a free-form concave mirror.
  • the decentering referred to here means that the center of curvature of the mirror is not on the optical axis (is at a position shifted from the optical axis). Further, the above optical axis refers to an axis that optically connects the center of the display area of the display element 14 and the center of the optical pupil E.
  • FIGS. 2B, 2C, and 2D the configuration of FIG. 2A is further combined with an illumination optical system 13 that guides light from the light source 11 to the display element 14 (for example, a concave mirror).
  • 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing each optical path of the video display device 1.
  • the illumination optical system 13 and the eyepiece optical system 4 are arranged eccentrically.
  • a perpendicular line (indicated by a broken arrow in the figure) at the intersection with the optical axis of the mirror and an optical axis (indicated by a solid arrow in the figure) from the intersection to the optical pupil E are shown.
  • the direction from the perpendicular to the optical axis is positive in the counterclockwise direction within the incident surface, and negative in the clockwise direction.
  • the incident surface refers to a surface including the optical axis of incident light and the optical axis of outgoing light at the intersection with the mirror.
  • a perpendicular line (indicated by a broken arrow in the figure) at the intersection with the optical axis of the mirror, and an optical axis (indicated by a solid arrow in the figure) from the intersection to the optical pupil E Is defined as ⁇ view (°).
  • the direction in which the direction from the perpendicular to the optical axis is counterclockwise in the incident plane is positive, and the direction in which the direction is clockwise is negative.
  • the eccentric direction in the illumination optical system 13 (the sign of ⁇ ill is positive) and the eccentric direction in the eyepiece optical system 4 (the sign of ⁇ view are positive) are the same direction. Therefore, the direction in which the aberration generated by the eccentric arrangement of the illumination optical system 13 (here, the aberration at the optical pupil position is also referred to as pupil aberration) and the aberration generated by the eccentric arrangement of the eyepiece optical system 4 (pupil aberration) cancel each other. Cannot be applied (corrected).
  • the eccentric direction in the illumination optical system 13 (the sign of ⁇ ill is negative) is opposite to the eccentric direction in the eyepiece optical system 4 (the sign of ⁇ view is positive). Therefore, the aberrations of both optical systems can be applied in directions that cancel each other.
  • the illumination optical system 13 is constituted by a back surface reflecting mirror. That is, the illumination optical system 13 is provided with a refracting surface on the front side as well as the reflecting surface. This makes it possible to correct aberrations that cannot be canceled out by the illumination optical system 13 and the eyepiece optical system 4 with the refractive surface. Therefore, the total imaging performance from the light source 11 to the optical pupil E can be corrected satisfactorily, and deterioration of the image quality of the observation video can be avoided.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 is configured only by a concave mirror for easy understanding of the description.
  • the decentering direction in the illumination optical system 13 and the decentering direction in the eyepiece optical system 4 are the optical path. In the folded state, even in the same direction on the incident surface, the opposite direction is obtained when the optical path is developed.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 has an odd number of reflecting surfaces other than the concave mirror, the same can be considered.
  • the number of reflecting surfaces other than the concave mirror of the eyepiece optical system 4 that is, the number of times the optical path is bent is also considered. It is necessary to set the eccentric direction of both.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an HMD to which the video display device 1 of the present invention can be applied.
  • the HMD includes a video display device 1 and a support member 2.
  • the video display device 1 generates a video and provides it to the observer as a virtual image, and also allows the observer to observe the external image in a see-through manner.
  • the video display device 1 is configured by integrating an eyepiece optical system 4 with a housing 3 that houses a light source 11 and a display element 14 (see FIG. 1). Signals and driving power for controlling the light source 11 and the display element 14 are supplied to each part via a cable 5 that penetrates the housing 3.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 as a whole is shaped like one lens of eyeglasses (the right eye lens in FIG. 3).
  • the lens 6 corresponding to the left eye lens of the spectacles is a dummy lens.
  • the support member 2 is a support means for supporting the video display device 1 in front of the observer's eyes, and is composed of a set of members corresponding to, for example, a frame of glasses and a temple. By fixing the support member 2 to the observer's head, the image display device 1 is accurately held at a position in front of the viewer's eyes, and the observer can extend the image provided from the image display device 1 in a hands-free manner. It can be observed stably for a long time.
  • the support member 2 supports one image display device 1 corresponding to the right eye of the observer, but two image display devices corresponding to the eyes of the observer. 1 may be supported.
  • the support member 2 has a fixing mechanism 7.
  • the fixing mechanism 7 adjusts the position of the optical pupil (exit pupil) formed by the eyepiece optical system 4 to the position of the observer's pupil (pupil, iris), and then performs eyepiece optics on the observer's head.
  • It is a fixing means for fixing the relative position of the system 4, and is configured to have a right nose pad 7R and a left nose pad 7L that can move in contact with the nose of the observer, and a lock portion for locking them. . Since the support means 2 has the fixing mechanism 7, after the position of the optical pupil is adjusted, the observer can observe a good image reliably and stably over a long period of time at the position of the optical pupil. it can.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a video display device 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the video display device 1 includes a light source 11, a diaphragm 12, an illumination optical system 13, a display element 14, and an eyepiece optical system 4.
  • Each optical element from the light source 11 to the display element 14 is accommodated in the housing 3 (see FIG. 3).
  • a part of the eyepiece optical system 4 (a part of an eyepiece prism 21 described later) is also located in the housing 3.
  • an axis that optically connects the center of the light source 11, the center of the display area of the display element 14, and the center of the optical pupil E formed by the eyepiece optical system 4 is an optical axis.
  • the optical axis direction when the optical path from the light source 11 to the optical pupil E is developed is taken as the Z direction.
  • the plane including the optical axis is referred to as a main plane.
  • the main plane is uniquely determined.
  • the direction perpendicular to the optical axis incident surface of the hologram optical element 23 is defined as the X direction
  • the direction perpendicular to the ZX plane is defined as the Y direction
  • the optical axis incident surface of the hologram optical element 23 refers to a plane including the optical axis of incident light and the optical axis of reflected light in the hologram optical element 23, that is, the YZ plane. That is, the optical axis incident surface is also the main plane described above.
  • the light source 11 is composed of, for example, an RGB integrated LED that emits light of wavelengths corresponding to the three primary colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue).
  • the light source 11 is disposed so as to have a positional relationship conjugate with the optical pupil E. Thereby, the light use efficiency from the light source 11 becomes high (the light from the light source 11 efficiently enters the optical pupil E), and a bright image can be observed by the observer. In other words, the video display apparatus 1 with low power consumption can be realized.
  • the diaphragm 12 is provided close to the light source 11.
  • the light source 11 may be configured with one set of light source groups each having RGB light emitting units, or may be configured with two or more sets. In the present embodiment, the light source 11 includes two sets of the light source group. More details are as follows.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the light source 11 from the illumination optical system 13 side.
  • the light source 11 includes two light source groups 11P and 11Q.
  • the light source group 11P is composed of RGB-integrated LEDs having three light emitting portions 11R 1 , 11G 1, and 11B 1 that respectively emit light of three colors of RGB.
  • the light source group 11Q is composed of RGB-integrated LEDs having three light emitting portions 11R 2 , 11G 2, and 11B 2 that respectively emit light of three colors of RGB.
  • the light emitting units of the light source groups 11P and 11Q are arranged side by side in the X direction, and are further arranged to be plane-symmetric for each color with respect to the optical axis incident surface. More specifically, the light emitting units 11R 1 and 11R 2 are arranged so as to be plane-symmetrical at positions close to the optical axis incident surface, and the light emitting units 11G 1 and 11G 2 are located outside the X direction with respect to the optical axis incident surface.
  • the light-emitting portions 11B 1 and 11B 2 are arranged so as to be plane-symmetric with respect to the optical axis incident surface. That is, in each light source group 11P * 11Q, each light emission part is arrange
  • the center of the light source 11 when the light source 11 is composed of two sets of light source groups 11P and 11Q indicates an intermediate position between the light emitting units 11R 1 and 11R 2 arranged in the X direction.
  • the center of the light source 11 when the light source 11 is composed of a set of light sources 11 is, for example, the middle light emitting unit (for example, a light emitting unit that emits G light) among RGB light emitting units arranged in the X direction. Refers to the position of
  • the illumination optical system 13 is an optical system that guides the light from the light source 11 to the display element 14 by reflecting the light from the illumination reflecting surface 13b.
  • the illumination optical system 13 is composed of a back surface reflecting mirror having a refracting surface 13a on the front surface and an illuminating reflecting surface 13b on the back surface.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the video display device 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the refracting surface 13a and the illumination reflecting surface 13b of the illumination optical system 13 are rotationally asymmetric surfaces. More specifically, the refracting surface 13a is a cylindrical surface having optical power only in a plane parallel to the main plane, and the illumination reflecting surface 13b has optical power only in a plane parallel to the main plane. It has a cylindrical aspherical surface.
  • the refracting surface 13a and the illumination reflecting surface 13b may be a rotationally symmetric spherical surface or a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface.
  • a unidirectional diffuser plate that diffuses incident light in one direction may be further provided in the optical path between the illumination optical system 13 and the display element 14.
  • the unidirectional diffuser plate By arranging the unidirectional diffuser plate, it is possible to mix each color light of RGB from the light source 11 in the X direction, so that it is possible to reduce color unevenness caused by different positions of the light emitting units, and The optical pupil E can be expanded in one direction by diffusion on the direction diffusion plate.
  • the unidirectional diffuser When the unidirectional diffuser is disposed, the light source 11 and the optical pupil E are not optically conjugate in the X direction even if the positional relationship is conjugate, but still optically conjugate in the Y direction. is there. Therefore, in the Y direction, the light from the light source 11 can be efficiently guided to the optical pupil E.
  • the position of the diffusion plate may be considered as the light source position (secondary light source position), and the light source position and the optical pupil E may be set in a conjugate positional relationship.
  • the display element 14 is a device that displays an image by modulating incident light according to image data, and is composed of, for example, a transmissive LCD.
  • the display element 14 is arranged such that the long side direction of the rectangular display screen is the X direction and the short side direction is the Y direction.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 is an optical system that reflects the image light from the display element 14 on the eyepiece reflecting surface and guides it to the optical pupil E, and guides the external image light (external light) to the optical pupil E. Is symmetrical with respect to the surface.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 includes an eyepiece prism 21, a deflection prism 22, and a hologram optical element 23.
  • the hologram optical element 23 constitutes the above-described eyepiece reflecting surface.
  • the eyepiece prism 21 is a light guide member that totally reflects the image light from the display element 14 inside and guides it to the optical pupil E through the hologram optical element 23, while transmitting external light to the optical pupil E.
  • the deflecting prism 22 it is made of, for example, an acrylic resin.
  • the eyepiece prism 21 is formed in a shape in which the lower end portion of the parallel plate is wedge-shaped and the upper end portion is thickened.
  • the upper end surface of the eyepiece prism 21 is a surface 21a as an incident surface for image light, and the two surfaces positioned in the front-rear direction are surfaces 21b and 21c parallel to each other.
  • the deflection prism 22 is configured by a substantially U-shaped parallel plate in plan view (see FIG. 3), and when the deflection prism 22 is bonded to the lower end portion and both side surface portions (left and right end surfaces) of the eyepiece prism 21, the eyepiece prism. 21 is a substantially parallel flat plate.
  • the deflection prism 22 is provided by being bonded to the eyepiece prism 21 so as to sandwich the hologram optical element 23 therebetween. Thereby, distortion can be prevented from occurring in the external image observed by the observer through the eyepiece prism 21.
  • the deflecting prism 22 when the deflecting prism 22 is not provided, the external light is refracted when passing through the wedge-shaped lower end portion of the eyepiece prism 21, so that the external field image observed through the eyepiece prism 21 is distorted.
  • the deflection prism 22 is joined to the eyepiece prism 21 to form an integral substantially parallel flat plate, so that the deflection when the external light passes through the wedge-shaped lower end of the eyepiece prism 21 is canceled by the deflection prism 22. Can do. As a result, it is possible to prevent distortion in the external image observed through the see-through.
  • the hologram optical element 23 is a volume phase type reflection type hologram optical element that diffracts and reflects the image light from the display element 14 and guides it to the optical pupil E, and simultaneously transmits external light to the optical pupil E.
  • the eyepiece prism 21 is provided on the joint surface with the deflecting prism 22.
  • the volume phase type reflection hologram optical element has a narrow reflection wavelength range and high external light transmittance. By using this as a combiner for synthesizing the optical path of image light and external light, the observer can While observing the display image (virtual image), it is possible to observe the outside world image with see-through.
  • the hologram optical element 23 has a positive power in the main plane.
  • the light emitted from the light source 11 passes through the stop 12, is refracted by the refracting surface 13 a of the illumination optical system 13, is reflected by the reflecting surface 13 b for illumination, and is refracted by the refracting surface 13 a again to form the display element 14.
  • the light incident on the display element 14 is modulated there and emitted as image light.
  • the image light from the display element 14 enters the eyepiece prism 21 of the eyepiece optical system 4 from the surface 21 a, is totally reflected a plurality of times between the surfaces 21 b and 21 c, and enters the hologram optical element 23.
  • the hologram optical element 23 has a wavelength selectivity that functions as a diffraction element only for light having a wavelength corresponding to the emission wavelength of the light source 11, and functions as a concave reflecting surface only for light having the above wavelength. Designed to. Therefore, the light incident on the hologram optical element 23 is diffracted and reflected there and reaches the optical pupil E. Therefore, when the observer's pupil P is aligned with the position of the optical pupil E, the observer can observe an enlarged virtual image of the image displayed on the display element 14.
  • the eyepiece prism 21, the deflecting prism 22, and the hologram optical element 23 transmit almost all of the external light, so that the observer can observe the external field image. Therefore, the virtual image of the image displayed on the display element 14 is observed while being overlapped with a part of the external image.
  • the illumination reflecting surface 13b of the illumination optical system 13 and the eyepiece reflecting surface (hologram optical element 23) of the eyepiece optical system 4 have positive power in the main plane, and thus constitute the apparatus.
  • the degree of freedom of arrangement of the optical members can be increased and the apparatus can be easily downsized.
  • the transmissive display element 14 when used, the illumination optical system 13 must be disposed on the opposite side of the eyepiece optical system 4 with respect to the display element 14, which can be a factor in increasing the size of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus can be configured compactly even with the configuration using the transmissive display element 14.
  • the refractive surface 13a and the illumination reflecting surface 13b of the illumination optical system 13 are rotationally asymmetric surfaces. Therefore, when the aberration to be corrected is different between the main plane and the plane perpendicular thereto, the aberration is different in each plane. It can be corrected independently.
  • the refracting surface 13a and the illumination reflecting surface 13b are cylindrical surfaces having optical power in a plane parallel to the main plane, and become the illumination optical system 13 having optical power in one direction. Can be made oval. Therefore, when the video display device 1 of the present invention is applied to the HMD, it is possible to obtain an optical pupil E that is narrow in the vertical direction with little movement of the observer's pupil P and wide in the horizontal direction.
  • the optical pupil E At the position of the optical pupil E, light from the light source 11 is condensed in the vertical direction so that a bright image can be observed. Since the optical pupil E is wide in the horizontal direction, a plurality of observers having different eye widths can be observed. It is possible to easily cope with this.
  • the RGB light emitting units arranged in the X direction in which the illumination optical system 13 does not have optical power are arranged so as to be symmetric with respect to the optical axis incident surface (main plane).
  • RGB illumination light is mixed almost evenly, and an observer can observe an image with reduced color unevenness.
  • a unidirectional diffuser plate having diffusibility is inserted only in the direction in which the RGB light emitting units are arranged, RGB illumination light can be mixed more uniformly.
  • the eyepiece optical system 4 various aberrations (coma aberration, field curvature, astigmatism, distortion, etc.) are corrected so that the viewer can observe the image displayed on the display element 14 satisfactorily. ing. However, the eyepiece optical system 4 alone does not correct the aberration (pupil aberration) in the optical pupil E conjugate with the light source 11, that is, the total aberration (imaging performance) from the light source 11 to the optical pupil E. Absent.
  • the illumination optical system 13 is composed of the back surface reflecting mirror, and the total aberration is corrected by satisfying the conditional expression as follows.
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing ⁇ ill and ⁇ view in the video display device 1 of the first embodiment.
  • ⁇ ill is a perpendicular line (indicated by a broken arrow in the figure) of the illumination reflecting surface 13b at the intersection of the illumination reflecting surface 13b and the optical axis, and an optical axis (shown from the illumination reflecting surface 13b to the display element 14).
  • the angle (°) formed by the middle arrow is positive, and the case where it is clockwise is negative.
  • ⁇ view is a perpendicular line (indicated by a broken arrow in the figure) of the hologram optical element 23 at the intersection of the hologram optical element 23 constituting the eyepiece reflecting surface and the optical axis, and an optical pupil E from the hologram optical element 23. It is an angle (°) formed by an optical axis (indicated by a solid line arrow in the figure) toward.
  • the direction from the perpendicular to the optical axis around the intersection is counterclockwise in the main plane is positive, and the case where the direction is clockwise is negative.
  • the video display device 1 When the number of times of bending of the optical axis due to reflection by the eyepiece optical system 4 other than the hologram optical element 23 is n, the video display device 1 has the following conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3): 5 ° ⁇
  • ⁇ ill 13.9 °
  • ⁇ view 27.4 °
  • and n 3 (two reflections on the surface 21b and one reflection on the surface 21c).
  • the illumination reflecting surface 13b and the hologram optical element 23 are arranged eccentrically with respect to the optical axis, so that the apparatus can be configured compactly.
  • the eccentric arrangement of the hologram optical element 23 can be considered in accordance with the above-described definition of eccentricity by considering the hologram optical element 23 as a concave reflecting surface.
  • conditional expression (3) various aberrations caused by the eccentric arrangement of the reflecting surface 13b for illumination and various aberrations caused by the eccentric arrangement of the hologram optical element 23 are caused to act in a direction to cancel each other. Can do.
  • the illumination optical system 13 refracts the light from the light source 11 on the refracting surface 13a, reflects it on the reflecting surface 13b for illumination, and then refracts it again on the refracting surface 13a and leads it to the display element 14.
  • conditional expression (3) when the optical pupil E is in a conjugate positional relationship can be corrected by the refractive surface 13a.
  • the total imaging performance from the light source 11 to the optical pupil E can be favorably corrected (various values at the position of the optical pupil).
  • Aberration can be sufficiently corrected), and deterioration of the image quality of the observation image can be avoided.
  • the volume phase type reflection type hologram optical element has high angle selectivity, and when light is incident on the hologram optical element at an angle deviating from the design value, the diffraction efficiency of the light rapidly decreases.
  • the refracting surface 13a in the illumination optical system 13 as described above, the total imaging performance from the light source 11 to the optical pupil E can be favorably corrected. This means that the incident angle of light incident on the hologram optical element 23 constituting the surface is close to the design value.
  • the eyepiece reflecting surface is constituted by the volume phase type reflection type hologram optical element 23, all the light reaching the hologram optical element 23 from the entire screen of the display element 14 is efficiently diffracted and reflected, and the optical pupil E Thus, a bright and high-quality image can be observed by the observer at the position of the optical pupil E.
  • Example 1 since the eyepiece reflecting surface formed of the hologram optical element 23 is arranged eccentrically with respect to the optical axis, the diffraction when light enters the hologram optical element 23 at an angle deviating from the design value. The decrease in efficiency is significant.
  • the configuration in which the refracting surface 13a is provided in the illumination optical system 13 is very effective when the eyepiece reflecting surface is constituted by the volume phase type reflection type hologram optical element 23.
  • the refractive surface 13a and the illumination reflecting surface 13b of the illumination optical system 13 are concave surfaces that are concave with respect to the light source 11 side and the display element 14 side.
  • the illumination optical system 13 is a meniscus back reflecting mirror.
  • pupil aberration generated by the illumination optical system 13 alone can be suppressed to a small level, and various aberrations (cannot be completely canceled out by the conditional expression (3)) generated on the illumination reflecting surface 13b composed of a concave surface having an eccentric arrangement.
  • Pupil aberration can be reliably corrected by the refracting surface 13a which is a concave surface having an eccentric arrangement.
  • the total imaging performance from the light source 11 to the optical pupil E can be corrected more favorably.
  • the hologram optical element 23 is arranged to be inclined with respect to the incident light beam (when arranged to be decentered with respect to the optical axis), the influence of lateral chromatic aberration due to diffraction becomes large, but the light source 11 for each of RGB.
  • the total imaging performance from the optical pupil E to the optical pupil E it is possible to reduce the influence of color unevenness in the screen.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a manufacturing optical system for producing the hologram optical element 23.
  • the reflection-type hologram optical element 23 separates the laser light into two light beams for each of RGB to make reference light and object light, respectively, and the hologram photosensitive material 23a on the substrate (here, the eyepiece prism 21) is placed on the substrate side and its It is produced by exposing with two light beams (reference light and object light) from the opposite side and recording interference fringes by these two light beams on the hologram photosensitive material 23a. More specifically, it is as follows.
  • the light on the side where the observer's eyes are arranged is referred to as reference light, and the light from the opposite side is referred to as object light.
  • the emission wavelengths of the RGB lasers are, for example, R: 647 nm, G: 532 nm, and B: 476 nm.
  • the laser light is separated into two light beams by a beam splitter, and then the respective light beams (reference light and object light) are condensed so as to become divergent light diverging from the point light sources 31 and 32.
  • the RGB reference light is a spherical wave emitted from the point light source 31 at the same position, and enters the hologram photosensitive material 23a from the eyepiece prism 21 side.
  • the RGB point light source 31 is located at the center of the optical pupil E of the eyepiece optical system 4 during video observation.
  • the peak wavelength of the light source 11 used in use is such that when the light having the RGB peak wavelength from the light source 11 (LED) is diffracted by the hologram optical element 23, it overlaps the position of the same point light source 31.
  • the RGB point light sources may be shifted and arranged on the optical pupil E of the eyepiece optical system 4 in accordance with the amount of deviation from the laser emission wavelength used during manufacture.
  • the RGB object light is divergent light emitted from the point light source 32 at the same position, shaped into a predetermined wavefront by the free-form surface mirror 33, reflected by the reflection mirror 34, and eyepiece via the color correction prism 35.
  • the light enters the hologram photosensitive material 23 a from the side opposite to the prism 21.
  • the angle of the surface 35a of the color correction prism 35 is determined so as to cancel the chromatic aberration caused by the refraction of the image light on the surface 21a of the eyepiece prism 21 of the eyepiece optical system 4 used at the time of use.
  • the color correction prism 35 is preferably disposed in close contact with the hologram photosensitive material 23a in order to prevent a ghost due to surface reflection, or is disposed via emulsion oil or the like.
  • the hologram photosensitive material 23a is irradiated with the reference light and the object light, whereby interference fringes due to these two light beams are recorded on the hologram photosensitive material 23a, and the hologram optical element 23 is manufactured.
  • the position of the point light source 31 that generates the light beam (reference light) incident on the hologram photosensitive material 23a from the eyepiece prism 21 side out of the two light beams of the reference light and the object light is determined by the eyepiece optical system 4 at the time of image observation. It is the same position as the optical pupil E.
  • the observer's pupil P is placed at the center of the optical pupil E during the image observation, the observer can observe an image free from luminance unevenness and color unevenness.
  • illumination light is reliably transmitted by the hologram optical element 23 at all angles of view. Since it is diffracted and reflected to reach the observer's pupil P, the observer can observe a bright and high-quality image over the entire screen.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the video display device 1 according to the second embodiment.
  • the video display device 1 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the eyepiece optical system 4 is replaced with an eyepiece optical system 41.
  • illustration of the diaphragm 12 is omitted.
  • the eyepiece optical system 41 is composed only of an eyepiece prism.
  • This eyepiece prism is a free-form surface prism having three surfaces 41a, 41b, and 41c made of free-form surfaces.
  • Each of the surfaces 41a, 41b, and 41c is an image light incident surface, a total reflection / transmission surface, and a half mirror surface (concave reflection surface) as an eyepiece reflection surface. That is, the image light from the display element 14 is incident on the inside through the surface 41a of the eyepiece optical system 41, totally reflected by the surface 41b, reflected and collected by the surface 41c, and transmitted through the surface 41b to transmit the optical pupil. Guided to E.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing ⁇ ill and ⁇ view in the video display device 1 of the second embodiment.
  • ⁇ ill is a perpendicular line (indicated by a broken arrow in the figure) of the illumination reflecting surface 13b at the intersection of the illumination reflecting surface 13b and the optical axis, and an optical axis (shown from the illumination reflecting surface 13b to the display element 14).
  • the angle (°) formed by the middle arrow is positive, and the case where it is clockwise is negative.
  • ⁇ view is a perpendicular of the surface 41c (indicated by a dashed arrow in the figure) at the intersection of the surface 41c constituting the eyepiece reflecting surface and the optical axis, and an optical axis (from the surface 41c toward the optical pupil E)
  • the angle (°) formed by the middle arrow is positive, and the case where the direction is clockwise is negative.
  • ⁇ ill 17.6 °
  • ⁇ view 19.7 °
  • n 1 (on the surface 41b), where n is the number of times the optical axis is bent by reflection on the eyepiece optical system 41 other than the surface 41c. One reflection). Therefore, the video display device 1 of Example 2 also satisfies the above-described conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3), and even if the light source 11 and the optical pupil E have a conjugate positional relationship, the light source 11 Therefore, it can be said that the total imaging performance from the optical pupil E to the optical pupil E can be corrected satisfactorily and deterioration of the image quality of the observation video can be avoided.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a video display device 51 of a comparative example.
  • the video display device 51 has the same configuration as that of the video display device 1 of the first embodiment except that the illumination optical system 13 is replaced with the illumination optical system 52.
  • the illumination optical system 52 is composed of a concave cylindrical mirror having an illumination reflecting surface 52a formed on the surface. That is, the illumination optical system 52 does not have a refractive surface as shown in the first embodiment.
  • the image display device 51 of the comparative example corresponds to the conventional image display device shown in FIG. 15 in that the illumination optical system does not have a refractive surface.
  • the light from the light source 11 is reflected by the illumination reflecting surface 52a of the illumination optical system 52 and enters the display element 14, where it is modulated and guided to the eyepiece optical system 4 as image light.
  • the subsequent optical paths are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing ⁇ ill and ⁇ view in the video display device 51 of the comparative example.
  • ⁇ ill is a perpendicular (shown by a broken arrow in the figure) of the illumination reflecting surface 52a at the intersection of the illumination reflecting surface 52a and the optical axis, and an optical axis (shown from the illumination reflecting surface 52a toward the display element 14).
  • the angle (°) formed by the middle arrow is positive, and the case where it is clockwise is negative.
  • ⁇ view is a perpendicular line (indicated by a broken arrow in the figure) of the hologram optical element 23 at the intersection of the hologram optical element 23 constituting the eyepiece reflecting surface and the optical axis, and an optical pupil E from the hologram optical element 23. It is an angle (°) formed by an optical axis (indicated by a solid line arrow in the figure) toward.
  • the direction from the perpendicular to the optical axis around the intersection is counterclockwise in the main plane is positive, and the case where the direction is clockwise is negative.
  • the image display device 51 of the comparative example also satisfies the above-described conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3).
  • the pupil performance is insufficiently corrected and the optical performance is low. Inferior (refer to aberration diagrams described later).
  • the imaging performance of the light source image on the optical pupil E is insufficient, in other words, it means that the incident light beam on the reflection type hologram optical element 23 is slightly deviated from the design value (designed incident angle). Therefore, luminance unevenness in the screen and color unevenness in the periphery are likely to occur. Even if the stop 12 is disposed immediately after the light source 11 to cut unnecessary light, it is difficult to significantly improve image quality degradation due to insufficient pupil aberration correction.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 show an image at the optical pupil E with respect to light having a peak wavelength (for example, 525 nm) of G light emitted from the light source (LED) in the configurations of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the comparative example.
  • the lateral aberration diagram on the YZ plane (Y-FAN) when the image is formed at the position is shown.
  • the horizontal axis corresponds to the position (coordinates) through which each light beam passes in the aperture or display element.
  • the refracting surface is provided in the illumination optical system, even when the light source and the optical pupil are in a conjugate positional relationship, the total aberration from the light source to the optical pupil is corrected well. Thus, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of the image quality of the observation video.
  • the video display devices of the first and second embodiments can be applied to other devices such as a head-up display (HUD). Is possible.
  • HUD head-up display
  • the video display device of the present invention can be used for HMD and HUD, for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un dispositif d'affichage d'image dans lequel une détérioration de qualités d'une image d'observation peut être éliminée en ayant une excellente performance d'imagerie totale à partir d'une source de lumière vers une pupille optique lorsque la source de lumière et la pupille optique sont dans une relation de positions conjuguées. L'invention porte également sur un visiocasque comportant le dispositif d'affichage d'image. La lumière émise à partir de la source de lumière est réfractée par une surface de réfraction d'un système optique d'éclairage après que la lumière est passée à travers un diaphragme, puis, après avoir été réfléchie par une surface réfléchissante pour un éclairage, la lumière est réfractée à nouveau par la surface de réfraction et est guidée vers un élément d'affichage. Une lumière d'image émise à partir de l'élément d'affichage entre dans un élément optique d'hologramme d'un système optique d'oculaire, et est diffractée et réfléchie dans l'élément optique d'hologramme, et est guidée vers la pupille optique. A ce moment, en satisfaisant l'expression conditionnelle prédéterminée, diverses aberrations générées en raison d'un agencement excentrique de la surface réfléchissante pour un éclairage et diverses aberrations générées en raison d'un agencement excentrique de la surface réfléchissante de l'oculaire peuvent être opérées dans les directions où les aberrations se décalent les unes par rapport aux autres, et les diverses aberrations qui ne peuvent pas être décalées lorsque la source optique et la pupille optique sont dans la relation de positions conjuguées peuvent être corrigées au moyen de la surface de réfraction.
PCT/JP2009/067405 2008-10-14 2009-10-06 Dispositif d'affichage d'image et visiocasque WO2010044356A1 (fr)

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WO2014116615A1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2014-07-31 Microsoft Corporation Système optique de projection destiné à coupler une lumière d'image à un affichage proche de l'œil
WO2014156602A1 (fr) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage vidéo et visiocasque
CN113093324A (zh) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-09 维沃移动通信有限公司 光学系统和可穿戴设备
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WO2014116615A1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2014-07-31 Microsoft Corporation Système optique de projection destiné à coupler une lumière d'image à un affichage proche de l'œil
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