WO2010043136A1 - 一种风力发电机 - Google Patents

一种风力发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010043136A1
WO2010043136A1 PCT/CN2009/073287 CN2009073287W WO2010043136A1 WO 2010043136 A1 WO2010043136 A1 WO 2010043136A1 CN 2009073287 W CN2009073287 W CN 2009073287W WO 2010043136 A1 WO2010043136 A1 WO 2010043136A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
tower
wheel
wind wheel
outer ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/073287
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董禹全
Original Assignee
Dong Yuquan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2009100993884A external-priority patent/CN101922410A/zh
Application filed by Dong Yuquan filed Critical Dong Yuquan
Publication of WO2010043136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010043136A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/33—Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wind power generation, and in particular to a wind power generator without a gear transmission.
  • Existing large wind turbines generally include a tower, a wind wheel, a wind wheel center shaft, a generator, and a tooth book.
  • the components such as the wheel gearbox, the central shaft of the wind wheel, the generator and the gearbox are integrally mounted on the top of the tower, the blades use the wind to drive the wind wheel to rotate, and the rotational motion of the wind wheel is transmitted to the generator in the cabin through the gearbox. , thereby causing the generator to generate electricity.
  • the existing wind power generation technology is relatively mature, it still has serious defects. For example: First, the high-altitude wind speed is much higher than the low-altitude wind speed. In order to get more wind energy, people only use one way to increase the diameter of the wind wheel.
  • the diameter of the wind wheel is 200 meters from a few meters, the wind source at the height of 300 meters and 500 meters is better, and for technical reasons, the diameter of the wind wheel cannot continue to be larger;
  • the diameter of the edge is large, and the wind is more, but the force needs to be transmitted to the root.
  • the strength of the bending resistance must be considered.
  • the speed of the wind turbine of a large wind turbine can not reach the speed of the generator. Only the method of mechanical speed increase can be used to transmit the rotary motion of the blade to the generator, which must be equipped with a shifting structure on the wind turbine.
  • the shifting structure is usually a gearbox.
  • the variable speed structure accounts for a large proportion of wind turbine equipment, which undoubtedly increases the investment cost of wind turbines. Therefore, such power generation equipment that requires no fuel, no pollution, and low operating cost cannot be promoted and applied, resulting in waste of wind resources.
  • the current central shaft of the wind wheel and the generator and the gearbox are integrated into one structure, and are mounted on the top of the tower.
  • a rotating mechanism of the vertical shaft is arranged in the center of the tower top, so that the wind wheel can track the wind direction 360 degrees, so In this structure, only one wind wheel can be installed in a tower, and the power generation efficiency is not high, which also causes difficulties in the promotion and application of wind power generators.
  • the wind turbines of the existing large-scale wind turbines are all three-bladed.
  • the kinetic energy obtained by the blades needs to be transported to the central root of several tens of meters or even hundreds of meters.
  • This single-point structure makes the blade roots only work. It is very thick and large and will not bend or break. This not only increases the weight of the wind wheel, causes difficulties in manufacturing and installation, but also increases the cost of the generator.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator which has a simple structure and does not require a shifting device, and can greatly reduce the cost and increase the amount of power generation.
  • a wind power generator includes a tower, a wind wheel and a power generating device, wherein the wind wheel is disposed on one side of the tower, and the wind wheel is composed of an inner hub, a blade and an outer ring; the power generating device is disposed on the tower
  • the power input component of the power generating device and the outer ring of the wind wheel are connected by a transmission device, and the transmission device is connected and connected by a transmission member disposed on the outer ring of the wind wheel with the wind wheel.
  • the rotating body of the power input component of the power generating device is matched to each other.
  • the invention adds an outer ring arrangement on the outer periphery of the blade, and the power generating device is arranged on the tower and the outer ring is tangent to the outer ring
  • the outer ring of the wind wheel is regarded as an oversized driving wheel to form a non-mechanical natural speed increasing generator.
  • the kinetic energy of the blade suction breaks the tradition of transporting from the outside to the inside.
  • the power generating device of the invention directly obtains kinetic energy from the outer ring of the wind wheel, so that the wind wheel rotates once, and the power generating device naturally obtains a speed increase of one hundred revolutions, so that no speed increasing device is needed, and the consumption of the speed increasing machine itself can be omitted.
  • the tower of the present invention is further provided with a rotating device, and the wind wheel and the power generating device are arranged on the tower through the rotating device, the rotating device comprises a bracket and a platform, and the platform and the supporting device
  • the rack is connected, and the balance wheel and the load-bearing wheel are arranged on the bracket, and the load-bearing wheel can rotate around the tower along the platform.
  • the balance wheel is placed on the lower side of the platform, and can be rotated around the tower along the lower side of the platform, thereby solving the problem of the single side of the rotating device.
  • the wind direction detector is used to control the rotating device, and the rotating device carries the wind wheel to rotate 360 degrees.
  • the power generating device rotates synchronously with the wind wheel, and the transmission member that rotates with the wind wheel in the outer ring of the wind wheel and the power input component of the power generating device are connected.
  • the rotating body is always matched, and the outer ring of the wind turbine drives the rotating body of the power generating device to rotate.
  • the wind wheel is connected with the bracket, the bracket is connected with the load-bearing wheel, the load-bearing wheel moves on the platform, and the structure of the platform is placed on the tower, so that the wind wheel completely has the function of tracking the wind direction by 360 degrees.
  • the lateral thrust of the wind can be divided by the cable, and the coarse bending structure of the existing tower can be changed to a fine anti-top structure, and the strength and cost of the tower are doubled.
  • the wind power generator of the present invention can install a wind wheel at the waist of the tower, which changes the drawback that the wind power generator can only install one wind wheel at the top of the tower.
  • a plurality of wind wheels can be installed on the tower of the invention, and another wind wheel can be installed on the opposite side of one wind wheel to form a double wind wheel structure; or multiple wind wheels can be installed in different parts of the tower to form a tower multiple wheel Structure; The more wind wheels, the more wind is obtained, which can make full use of wind energy resources and save costs.
  • the wind turbine wind wheel of the invention may have a plurality of blades, and the blade may be a single structure
  • One of a double-frame structure with a wheel-type structure, a short-blade structure on the inside of the outer ring, a double-frame structure or a single-frame cable The blade connects the inner hub and the outer ring, and the blade is changed from a single-point bending structure to a double-support tensile structure.
  • the wind wheel of this mechanism increases the outer ring of the top structure, and the blade naturally becomes the outer ring and the inner hub. Tight strips, the blade will be forced from a single point to a double fulcrum. The more the number of double-point lobes, the more the outer ring pulls, and the thinner and lighter the blade, the more the wind-cut area of the wind wheel can be increased.
  • the blade can be increased from the original three pieces to dozens, or even hundreds. From the past, the blade must be coarse and strong, and the blade becomes narrow and thin.
  • the blade area of the same weight and cost can be increased by three to five times, which will greatly increase the wind area of the wind wheel.
  • the blades can be in the form of a single frame, or in the form of a double-frame with the same shape as a bicycle wheel and a false double-web form with a steel cable on one side. It is also possible to add short additional blades to the outer ring to reduce the cost and increase the wind area.
  • the double-blade blade utilizes the angle formed between the hub, the blade and the outer ring to stabilize the wind wheel more than the single blade, and increases the deformation force of the outer ring against the movement, thereby reducing the weight of the wind wheel and saving the cost.
  • the transmission member provided on the outer ring of the wind wheel may be one of an annular member made of a flexible material, a toothed annular member or a magnetic transmission member with a magnetic block, and a combined transmission member with a tooth on the outer ring.
  • the toothed annular member is preferably a Great Wall toothed annular member.
  • the kinetic energy transmission between the outer ring of the wind wheel and the power generating device may be a soft transmission, that is, an annular member made of a flexible material is disposed on the outer ring of the wind wheel, and the rotating body of the power input member of the power generating device is configured to have a hard tooth structure.
  • the annular member cooperates with the hard teeth of the rotating body to form a transmission device, and the rotating wheel drives the rotating body of the power input component of the power generating device to generate electric energy; or may be hard transmission, that is, a Great Wall toothed ring member is disposed on the outer ring of the wind wheel or A combined transmission device in which small racks are directly mounted on the outer ring, and the rotating body of the power input component of the power generating device is set as a soft wheel of a corresponding shape, and the two cooperate to form a transmission device, and the wind wheel drives the power of the power generating device
  • the rotating body of the input member rotates to generate electric energy;
  • the book is a magnetic transmission, that is, a magnetic block is arranged on the outer ring of the wind wheel to form a transmission between the outer ring of the wind wheel and the power generating device by magnetic force.
  • a rotating device may be disposed at each of the tower and the outer ring of the wind wheel, and a plurality of power generating devices may be disposed on the rotating device.
  • the wind power generator of the present invention is equipped with a wind wheel at the waist of the tower, and a rotating device can be arranged at both the upper and lower tangent portions of the outer ring of the tower and the outer ring of the wind wheel.
  • the greater the number of power generating devices, the lower the strength of the outer ring and the total power of the distributed motor, and the number of power-on devices to be turned on can be selected according to the wind speed, and the rated power consumption of the large power generating device at low winds can be reduced.
  • the wind power generator further includes a cable for fixing the tower, and the cable connects the plurality of wind towers horizontally and vertically to form a multi-layer wind wheel, and a wind power generation array of a plurality of wind towers.
  • the wind power generator of the present invention also includes a cable for securing the tower.
  • the cable is combined with the wind tower, and a layer of cable can be used as a wind wheel.
  • the cable cross pull can connect a plurality of wind towers horizontally and vertically to form a multi-layer wind wheel and a wind power generation array of multiple wind towers.
  • the cable can be pulled diagonally or horizontally between multiple towers. It can also be combined with a layer of steel cable, a layer of wind wheel, tower and steel cable, which not only stabilizes the tower, but also heightens the tower. Height, without increasing the diameter of the wind wheel. The higher the tower, the more wind wheels are installed.
  • the wind turbine can be installed on the tower of the invention, and the tower and the tower are connected horizontally and vertically by the cable to form a giant array of wind turbines.
  • the invention adopts the relationship between the outer ring of the wind wheel and the diameter of the rotating body of the power generating device to be tens or even hundreds of times, and the outer ring of the wind wheel is regarded as an oversized driving wheel to form a non-mechanical natural speed increasing generator.
  • the setting of the upper rotating device changes the tradition of installing the wind wheel only on the top of the tower.
  • the wind wheel can be installed at the waist of the tower. Multiple wind wheels can be installed on the tower to form a tower multi-wheel structure.
  • the outer ring is set so that the kinetic energy required by the generator is no longer taken from the center of the wind wheel, but directly from the outer ring of the wind wheel, bidding farewell to the history of the need for a large wind turbine to use the gearbox.
  • Double fulcrum blade design the number of blades from the original The description can increase the number of three pieces to dozens, or even hundreds, and the blade area of the same weight and cost can be increased by three to five times, which can greatly increase the wind area of the wind wheel.
  • the invention can greatly reduce the cost cost of the wind power generator, and the power generation amount can be more than doubled. Conducive to the promotion and application of large wind turbines. DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing a structure of a rotating device
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the inner hub of the wind wheel
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind power generator of the present invention is composed of a tower tower 1, a wind turbine 2, a power generating device 3, and a rotating device 4.
  • the wind wheel 2 is disposed on the waist side of the tower 1 through the rotating device 4, The top of the tower is higher than the outer ring.
  • the wind wheel 2 is composed of an inner hub 21, a blade 22 and an outer ring 23.
  • the outer ring 23 is provided with a Great Wall toothed transmission member 24 (shown in Fig. 2) which rotates along the outer ring and rotates therewith;
  • Fig. 5 shows the inner hub 21 is a schematic structural view, the blade 22 is connected to the outer ring 23 at the end, and the other end is connected to the two ends of the inner hub 21 to form a bicycle wheel type double-width structure.
  • the tower 1 corresponds to the inner hub 21 of the wind wheel, and the rotating device 4 is provided at the tangential portion of the tower 1 and the outer ring 23 of the wind wheel.
  • the rotating device 4 is composed of a platform 41 and a bracket 42 which is fixedly coupled to the bracket 42.
  • the bracket 42 is provided with a balance wheel 43 and a load bearing wheel 44.
  • the load bearing wheel 44 can be wound along the platform 41
  • the book tower 1 rotates.
  • the balance wheel 43 is placed on the bottom side of the platform 41, and can be rotated around the tower along the bottom side of the platform. This solves the problem of the single side of the bracket of the rotating device.
  • the tower and the outer ring of the wind wheel have upper and lower tangential portions, and a rotating device is respectively arranged at the portion, and four power generating devices are respectively mounted on the bracket 42 of each rotating device.
  • the power generating unit has a power input member 31 and a rotating body 32 connected thereto, and the rotating body 32 cooperates with the outer ring toothed transmission member 24 of the outer ring to form a transmission device (as shown in Fig. 3).
  • the diameter of the rotor is 50 meters
  • the diameter of the rotating body of the power generating device is 0.4 meters
  • the diameter between the two has a difference of 125 times.
  • the wind blade is driven by the wind to drive the entire wind wheel to rotate.
  • the outer ring toothed transmission member 24 of the outer ring cooperates with the rotating body 32, the outer ring of the wind wheel acts as a super large driving wheel, and the rotating body of the driving power generating device rotates to form a non-mechanical natural speed increasing generator, and the wind wheel rotates once. Turning, the generator gets a speed increase of hundreds of revolutions, thereby causing the power generating device to generate electric energy.
  • the kinetic energy received by the blade is directly transmitted from the outer ring of the wind turbine to the power generating device, so that no speed increasing device is required in this embodiment.
  • This embodiment is also provided with a wind direction detector (not shown).
  • the wind direction detector is used to control the rotating device 4, and the rotating device can carry the wind wheel to track the wind direction to rotate 360 degrees, and the power generating device rotates synchronously with the wind wheel.
  • the Great Wall toothed transmission member 24 is provided on the outer ring of the wind wheel and rotates with the wind wheel.
  • the rotating body of the power generating device is kept in rotation, and the rotating body of the outer ring of the wind turbine drives the rotating body of the power generating device to rotate.
  • the wind power generator of the present invention comprises five rows of towers, each of which is provided with a plurality of wind wheels, and the towers are horizontally and vertically connected by steel cables 5, forming a giant array of wind wheels. .
  • the tower Since the lateral thrust of the wind to the wind wheel is borne by the steel cable, the tower only needs to bear its weight.
  • the steel cable connects the tower and the tower horizontally and longitudinally to form a relatively stable structure, and the multi-layer stability makes it easy to realize the multi-layer wind wheel.
  • the superposition of the wind turbines, the tower can be extended to a higher place, and the wind source can be obtained, which can not only increase greatly Description
  • the amount of electricity generated and can reduce costs.

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Description

一种风力发电机
技术领域 本发明涉及风力发电领域， 具体涉及一种无齿轮变速箱的风力发电机。
说
背景技术 现有的大型风力发电机一般都包括塔架、 风轮、 风轮中心轴、 发电机和齿 书
轮变速箱等部件， 风轮中心轴、 发电机和齿轮变速箱连为一体安装于塔架顶部， 叶片利用风力带动风轮旋转， 风轮的旋转运动通过齿轮变速箱传送到机舱内的 发电机， 从而促使发电机发电。 现有风力发电技术虽然比较成熟， 但还是有严重的缺陷。 例如： 一、 高空 风速远大于低空风速，为得到更多的风能， 目前人们只会用加大风轮直径的一 种办法。 如风轮直径由几米做到二百米， 但三百米、 五百米高空的风源更好， 而由于技术上的原因， 风轮直径无法再继续做大； 二、 虽然风叶尖在外缘转径 大， 得风多， 但力量需传输到根部， 必须着重考虑抗弯抗断的强度。 为避免叶 片弯曲、 断裂， 得力最多的叶尖面积只能做得很小， 不得力的叶片根部做得很 大。 三、 大型风力发电机风轮的转速， 远达不到发电机的转速， 只能利用了机 械增速的办法， 使叶片的旋转运动传送到发电机， 这就必须在风力发电机上设 置变速结构， 变速结构通常为齿轮变速箱。变速结构占风力发电机设备的比重 很大， 无疑加大了风力发电机的投资成本， 因此， 使得这种无需燃料、 没有污 染， 运行成本低的发电设备无法推广应用， 造成风力资源的浪费。 说 明 书
目前的风轮中心轴和发电机及变速箱是连为一体的结构， 都装在塔杆的顶 部， 塔顶中央置一竖轴的旋转机构， 这样能使风轮 360度跟踪风向旋转， 所以 这种结构一个塔架只能安装一个风轮， 发电效率不高， 也给风力发电机的推广 应用造成了困难。
现有的大型风力发电机的风轮都是三叶桨形状， 叶片所得到的动能需全部 输送到几十米乃至百米外的中心根部， 这种单支点结构， 使得叶片根部只能做 得很粗和很大才不会弯曲和断裂， 这样不但增加了风轮重量、 给制造和安装造 成困难， 而且致使发电机成本进一步提高。
所以， 寻求高空资源应用的可靠途径、 改变风轮的动能传输手段、 简化风 电增速模式、 降低风力发电机的造价成为亟待解决的问题。 如果风力发电机的 投资能大幅减少， 风力发电将成为盈利产业， 风力资源自然会变成人类主要利 用的能源。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、 无需变速装置的风力发电机， 可大 幅度降低成本， 提高发电量。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种风力发电机， 包括塔架、 风轮和发电装置， 其特征在于所述风轮设于 塔架的一侧， 风轮由内毂、 叶片和外环组成； 所述发电装置设于塔架上与风轮 外环相切部位， 发电装置的动力输入部件与风轮外环通过传动装置相连接， 所 述的传动装置由设在风轮外环一周随风轮旋转的传动件与连接发电装置动力输 入部件的旋转体相配合组成。
本发明在叶片外围增加了外环设置， 发电装置设于塔架上与外环相切部 说 明 书 位， 利用风轮外环与发电装置旋转体的直径之间存在数十倍甚至上百倍的关 系， 将风轮外环当作超大驱动轮， 形成非机械式的自然增速发电机。 叶片吸受 到的动能， 打破了由外向内输送的传统。本发明发电装置直接从风轮的外环处 获取动能， 这样风轮转一转， 发电装置自然得到百转的增速， 所以无需增速装 置， 还可省去增速机械本身的消耗。
为了使风轮能跟踪风向 360度旋转， 本发明的塔架上还设有旋转装置， 所 述风轮和发电装置通过旋转装置设于塔架上， 旋转装置包括托架和平台， 平台 与托架相连， 托架上设有平衡轮和承重轮， 承重轮可沿平台绕塔架转动。 平衡 轮反置于平台的下侧， 可沿平台下侧绕塔架转动， 解决了旋转装置的托架单边 受力问题。 利用风向探测器控制旋转装置， 旋转装置承载着风轮可 360度旋转， 同时发电装置跟着风轮同步旋转， 设在风轮外环一周随风轮旋转的传动件与连 接发电装置动力输入部件的旋转体一直保持相配合， 风轮外环驱动发电装置的 旋转体发生转动。
风轮与托架相联、 托架与承重轮相连、 承重轮在平台上运动， 平台置入塔 架上的这种结构， 使风轮完全具备跟踪风向 360度转动的功能。 塔顶可用缆绳 分摊掉风的横向推力， 把现有塔架的粗大抗弯结构改变为较细的抗顶结构， 塔 架的强度和造价成倍下降。
本发明的风力发电机可以在塔架腰部安装风轮， 改变了以往风力发电机只 能在塔顶安装一个风轮的弊端。
本发明的塔架上可以安装多个风轮， 可以在一个风轮的对面安装另一个风 轮形成双风轮结构； 也可以在塔架的不同部位安装多个风轮， 形成一塔多轮结 构； 风轮越多， 得到的风力也越多， 这样可充分利用风能资源， 节约成本。
本发明风力发电机风轮的叶片数量可以为多个， 叶片可以是单幅结构、 自 说 明 书
行车车轮式双幅结构、 外环内侧加短叶片结构、 双幅结构或单幅加缆的假双幅 结构中的一种。 叶片连接内毂和外环， 叶片由单支点的抗弯结构， 改变为双支 点抗拉结构， 这种机构的风轮增加了抗顶结构的外环， 叶片自然成为外环与内 轮毂之间绷紧的幅条， 叶片将从单点受力， 改为双支点受力。 双支点叶片的数 量越多， 外环上拉力点也就越多， 同时叶片越薄越轻越能增加风轮的截风面积。 作为内毂与外环之间的幅条， 叶片由原来的三片可增加到几十片， 乃至上百片。 叶片从以往必须粗大抗弯， 变成了抗拉的窄而薄。 使同等重量和造价的叶片面 积能增加三至五倍， 这将大幅增加风轮的得风面积。 通过使用不同的风轮内毂， 叶片可以是单幅形式， 也可以是同自行车车轮式的双幅形式以及一边是叶片一 边是钢缆的假双幅形式。 还可以在外环上增加短的附加叶片， 以降低造价， 增 大得风面积。 双幅叶片利用轮毂、 叶片、 外环之间形成的夹角作用， 比单幅叶 片更易稳定风轮， 增加外环抗运动中的变形力量， 达到减轻风轮重量， 节省造 价的目的。
本发明设在风轮外环的传动件可以是由柔性材料制成的环形部件、 齿状环 形部件或镶有磁块的磁力传输部件、 外环上镶齿的组合传动部件中的一种， 齿 状环形部件优选为长城齿状环形部件。
风轮外环与发电装置之间的动能传输可以是软传输， 即在风轮外环上设置 由柔性材料制成的环形部件， 发电装置动力输入部件的旋转体设置为具有硬齿 的结构， 该环形部件与旋转体硬齿相配合共同形成传动装置， 风轮带动发电装 置动力输入部件的旋转体转动产生电能； 也可以是硬传输， 即在风轮外环上设 置长城齿状环形部件或将一个个小齿条直接镶在外环上的组合式传动装置， 发 电装置动力输入部件的旋转体设置为相应形状的软质轮子， 两者相配合共同形 成传动装置， 风轮带动发电装置动力输入部件的旋转体转动产生电能； 还可以 说 明 书 是磁力传输， 即在风轮外环上设置磁块， 使风轮外环与发电装置之间通过磁力 形成传动。 在每一个塔架与风轮外环相切部位都可设置旋转装置， 旋转装置上可以设 置多台发电装置。本发明的风力发电机在塔架腰部安装风轮， 塔架与风轮外环 上、 下相切部位均可设置旋转装置。 发电装置的数量越多， 越能降低外环的强 度和分散电机的总功率， 而且可以根据风速选择发电装置的开机数量， 减少小 风时的大发电装置额定消耗。避免了以往不管风力大小， 必须先要满足一台大 发电机自身耗能后才能输出电力的弊端。
风力发电机还包括用于固定塔架的缆绳， 缆绳将多个风塔横、 纵相连设置 成多层风轮、 多个风塔组合的风力发电巨阵。
本发明的风力发电机还包括用于固定塔架的缆绳。 缆绳与风塔组合， 可一 层缆绳一层风轮， 缆绳横拉能将多个风塔横纵相连设置成多层风轮、 多个风塔 组合的风力发电巨阵。 钢缆可以斜拉， 也可以在多个塔架之间横拉， 还可用一 层钢缆， 一层风轮， 塔与钢缆组合， 这样不但能稳定塔架， 还可加高塔架的高 度， 而不加大风轮直径。 塔架越高安装的风轮就越多， 它降低了现有风力发电 机超大风轮的制造和安装难度， 可充分利用 300-500米的高空优质风源。本发明 塔架上可安装多个风轮， 并由缆绳将塔架与塔架之间横、 纵相连， 组成风轮巨 阵， 塔架风轮越多就越能降低风力发电机造价。 本发明通过利用风轮外环与发电装置旋转体的直径之间存在数十倍甚至 上百倍的关系，将风轮外环当作超大驱动轮，形成非机械式的自然增速发电机， 加上旋转装置的设置， 改变了只能在塔架顶部安装风轮的传统， 可在塔架腰部 安装风轮， 塔架上可安装多个风轮形成一塔多轮结构。 外环的设置， 使得发电 装置所需动能不再从风轮中心获取， 而是从风轮的外环直接获取， 告别了大型 风力发电机必须使用变速箱的历史。双支点叶片的设计， 将叶片数量由原来的 说 明 书 三片可增加到几十片， 乃至上百片， 同等重量和造价的叶片面积可增加三至五 倍， 可大幅增加风轮的得风面积。
本发明可大幅降低风力发电机的成本造价， 发电量可增加 1倍以上。有利 于大型风力发电机的推广应用。 附图说明
图 1是本发明一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图 2是图 1中 A处局部放大图；
图 3是图 1中 B处局部放大图；
图 4是旋转装置一种结构的示意图；
图 5是风轮内毂的结构示意图；
图 6是本发明另一种实施方式的结构示意图； 具体实施方式
实施例 1
如图 1-图 5所示， 本发明的风力发电机， 由架塔 1、 风轮 2、 发电装置 3、 旋转装置 4组成， 风轮 2通过旋转装置 4设于塔架 1腰部一侧， 塔架顶高于外 环。风轮 2由内毂 21、 叶片 22和外环 23组成， 外环 23上设有沿外环一周并随 其旋转的长城齿状传动件 24 (如图 2所示）； 图 5为内毂 21的结构示意图， 叶 片 22—端连接外环 23， 另一端连接内毂 21的两个端部， 组成自行车车轮式双 幅结构。
塔架 1对应风轮内毂 21处， 以及塔架 1与风轮外环 23相切部位均设有旋 转装置 4。 如图 4所示， 旋转装置 4由平台 41和托架 42组成， 平台 41与托架 42固定连接， 托架 42上设有平衡轮 43和承重轮 44。 承重轮 44可沿平台 41绕 说 明 书 塔架 1转动。 平衡轮 43反置于平台 41的底面一侧， 可沿平台底面一侧绕塔架 转动， 这样就解决了旋转装置的托架单边受力问题。 塔架与风轮外环具有上、 下两个相切部位， 在该部位分别设有一旋转装置， 每个旋转装置的托架 42上各 安装有 4台发电装置。
发电装置具有动力输入部件 31和与之相连接的旋转体 32， 旋转体 32与外 环的长城齿状传动件 24相配合， 共同组成传动装置 （如图 3所示）。 本实施例中风轮直径为 50米，发电装置的旋转体直径为 0.4米，两者直径 之间具有 125倍的差异。风叶受到风力的推动带动整个风轮转动。 因外环的长 城齿状传动件 24与旋转体 32相配合， 风轮外环作为超大驱动轮， 驱动发电装 置的旋转体发生转动形成非机械式的自然增速发电机， 风轮每转一转， 发电机 得到上百转的增速， 由此使发电装置产生电能。
叶片吸受到的动能直接从风轮的外环传递给发电装置，所以在本实施例中 无需增速装置。
本实施例还设有风向探测器（图中未示出）。 利用风向探测器控制旋转装置 4， 旋转装置即可承载着风轮跟踪风向 360度旋转， 同时发电装置跟着风轮同步 旋转，设在风轮外环一周随风轮旋转的长城齿状传动件 24与发电装置旋转体 32 一直保持相配合， 风轮外环驱动发电装置的旋转体发生转动。
实施例 2
如图 6所示， 本发明的风力发电机包括五排塔架， 每排塔架上均设有多个 风轮， 塔架之间由钢缆 5进行横、 纵相连， 组成风轮巨阵。
由于风对风轮的横向推力由钢缆承担， 塔仅需承担其重量， 钢缆将塔架与 塔架横、 纵相连， 形成相对较稳定的结构， 多层稳定就容易实现多层风轮的叠 加， 组成风轮巨阵， 塔架可向更高处延伸展， 取得髙空风源， 不但可大幅增加 说 明 书
发电量， 而且可以降低成本。
本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到， 以上的实施例仅是用来说明本 发明， 而并非作为对本发明的限定， 只要在本发明的实质范围内， 对以上所述 实施例的变化、 变型都将落在本发明权利要求书的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 . 一种风力发电机， 包括塔架、 风轮和发电装置， 其特征在于所述风轮设 于塔架的一侧， 风轮由内毂、 叶片和外环组成； 所述发电装置设于塔架上与风 轮外环相切部位， 发电装置的动力输入部件与风轮外环通过传动装置相连接， 所述的传动装置由设在风轮外环一周随风轮旋转的传动件与连接发电装置动力 输入部件的旋转体相配合组成。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的风力发电机， 其特征在于所述的塔架上设有旋转装置， 所述风轮和发电装置通过旋转装置设于塔架上， 旋转装置包括托架和平台， 平 台与托架相连， 托架上设有平衡轮和承重轮， 平衡轮和承重轮可沿平台绕塔架 转动。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的风力发电机， 其特征在于所述塔架设置多个风轮。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的风力发电机， 其特征在于所述风轮的叶片数量为多个， 叶片是单幅结构、 自行车车轮式双幅结枸、 外环内侧加短叶片结构、 双幅结枸 或单幅加缆的假双幅结构中的一种。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的风力发电机， 其特征在于设在风轮外环的传动件是由柔 性材料制成的环形部件、 齿状环形部件或镶有磁块的磁力传输部件、 外环上镶 齿的组合传动部件中的一种。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的风力发电机， 其特征在于塔架与风轮外环相切部位的旋 转装置上设置多台发电装置。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的风力发电机， 其特征在于所述的风力发电机还包括用于 固定塔架的缆绳， 缆绳将多个风塔横、 纵相连设置成多层风轮、 多个风塔组合 的风力发电巨阵。
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