WO2011106919A1 - 风力发电装置 - Google Patents

风力发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011106919A1
WO2011106919A1 PCT/CN2010/001517 CN2010001517W WO2011106919A1 WO 2011106919 A1 WO2011106919 A1 WO 2011106919A1 CN 2010001517 W CN2010001517 W CN 2010001517W WO 2011106919 A1 WO2011106919 A1 WO 2011106919A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
tower
wind power
power generator
wind turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001517
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李爱东
丁红岩
黄宣旭
Original Assignee
道达(上海)风电投资有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 道达(上海)风电投资有限公司 filed Critical 道达(上海)风电投资有限公司
Priority to EP10846838.0A priority Critical patent/EP2463513B1/en
Priority to CN201080008030.7A priority patent/CN102439289B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2010/001517 priority patent/WO2011106919A1/zh
Priority to DK10846838.0T priority patent/DK2463513T3/da
Priority to US13/386,793 priority patent/US8952558B2/en
Publication of WO2011106919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011106919A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F05B2240/2213—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis and with the rotor downwind from the yaw pivot axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wind power generation technologies, and in particular, to a wind power generation device. Background technique
  • Wind power mainly relies on wind turbines to work under the action of wind to generate electricity.
  • Wind power is a renewable energy source that is relatively economical and easy to achieve large-scale commercialization, and is also a green clean energy source.
  • the use of wind power can not only enrich the natural resources of wind energy to benefit human beings, but also reduce the consumption of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which can alleviate the pressure of energy shortage. In addition, it can also reduce the dust, acid rain and the dust caused by thermal power generation.
  • Environmental pollution such as the greenhouse effect and its impact on the climate are conducive to protecting the human living environment.
  • the main research and development direction for wind turbines is to increase the installed power of the single unit.
  • the area of the sweeping air is increased, and the power generation capability of the single unit is provided.
  • the diameter and weight of the blade are correspondingly increased, and the weight of the wind turbine will also increase greatly, which will result in the difficulty in manufacturing the components and the difficulty in installing the whole machine.
  • the potential for further expansion of wind turbines is limited.
  • Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN101737261A discloses a multi-wind turbine generator comprising a frame, a generator, a support rod, a wind wheel, a wind rudder and a universal rotation of the wind wheel.
  • Planar bearings with multiple wind wheels mounted on the frame by one or more support rods.
  • the wind blows the wind wheel to rotate, transforming the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy.
  • Each wind wheel drives the rotor of the generator to drive the rotor of the generator by driving a drive shaft installed in the support rod to rotate and cut the stator magnetic field to generate electric current, thereby converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • Drive the generator to generate electricity.
  • a plurality of wind wheels are installed on the frame, a plurality of wind wheels jointly drive one generator, thereby reducing the diameter of the wind wheel, and the multiple wind wheels work together to increase the wind receiving area and improve the power generation efficiency.
  • a plurality of wind turbines jointly drive one generator to generate electricity, the capacity requirement for the generator is high, and the large-capacity generator undoubtedly increases the size of the generator, which is inconvenient for the confirmation of the machine gun.
  • General layout and installation a plurality of wind wheels are mounted on the frame through one support rod or through a plurality of support rods, and the plurality of wind wheels are all oriented in the same direction, so that when the plurality of wind wheels are running, the same will be generated for the rack. The torque, and therefore, the mechanical stability of the frame is not high, and the safety and reliability are poor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wind power generation device that ensures the smooth operation of the entire wind power generation device while realizing the same elbow of high power output.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a wind power generation apparatus including a tower and a first wind power generator, the first wind power generator set is mounted on the tower near a top position, and the first wind power generation unit is Generating a first torque to the tower during rotational power generation, the wind power generating apparatus further comprising at least one second wind power generator set at a position below the top of the tower, the second wind power generating set The tower produces a second torque that is at least partially offset from the first torque.
  • one of the at least one second wind power generator set is installed at a central position of the tower, and the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine rotate in opposite directions.
  • the wind power generator is provided with a balancer having a counterweight that balances the operating bending moment of the wind power generator by controlling the position of the counterweight.
  • the center of gravity of the first wind power generator is close to the tail of the machine, and the center of gravity of the second wind power generator is close to the machine gun head.
  • the wind power generation device is provided with a yaw system for controlling the directions of the first and second wind power generators, and the yaw system control is performed in the first and second wind turbine shutdown states The center of gravity of the whole machine is biased towards the direction of the wind.
  • the hub controlling the first wind turbine is located on the leeward side of the tower, and the hub controlling the second wind turbine is located on the windward side of the tower.
  • the second wind power generator and the tower are mechanically connected by a bearing and electrically connected by a brush, and the second wind power generator can be around the tower under the control of the yaw system Turn in either direction.
  • the first wind turbine and the hub of the second wind power generator are both located on the leeward side of the tower or both are located on the windward side of the tower, and the first wind turbine is synchronously controlled. Rotating the blades of the second wind turbine to reduce mutual interference between the blades of the first and second wind turbines.
  • an inspection raft is provided on the upper part of the machine gun of the second wind power generator for the maintenance personnel to enter.
  • the tower is a liftable tower, and the heights of the first and second wind turbines are adjusted by a lift tower.
  • the tower is mounted on a cylindrical foundation
  • the tubular shape is a large-scale, circular or polygonal composite cylinder type foundation, or a combined structure of a plurality of composite cylindrical foundations.
  • a vibration absorbing pad for absorbing and isolating vibrational energy is disposed between the tower and the cylindrical base and/or between the first and second wind turbines and the tower.
  • the cylindrical foundation is at least partially sunk in the water
  • the inner portion of the cylindrical body includes a plurality of guns
  • the plurality of inner and outer surfaces are provided with a plurality of pressure sensors, and the automatic adjustment is performed according to the signal of the pressure sensor.
  • the gun pressure of at least a portion of the plurality of chambers is maintained to maintain the balance of the barrel type.
  • the wind power generation device of the invention can realize the use of a high-power wind turbine unit in series to become a super-high-power wind power generator, which makes the development of the ultra-high-power wind power generator group greatly reduced, and the industrialization of the ultra-high-power wind power generator unit becomes possible. Moreover, through this, the stable growth of the tower is enhanced, and the operation of the entire wind power generation device is ensured more smoothly while realizing high power output, thereby improving the overall mechanical stability of the wind power generation device, and thus, a larger Power output, safe and reliable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view showing the wind power generator shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the I portion of the second wind power generator shown in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view showing the wind power generator shown in Fig. 1.
  • the wind power generator 100 of the present invention includes a cylindrical foundation 1, a tower 2 mounted on the cylindrical foundation 1, and a first wind turbine 31 and a first installed on the tower 2. Two wind turbines 32.
  • the cylindrical foundation 1 may be a large-scale, circular or polygonal composite tubular foundation, or a composite structure of a plurality of composite tubular shapes.
  • the cylindrical base 1 is at least partially sunk in the water, and the inside of the tubular type 1 includes a plurality of (not shown), and a plurality of pressure sensors are disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the plurality of guns, and the plurality of guns are automatically adjusted according to the signal of the pressure sensor.
  • the gun pressure is at least partially grabbed, thereby maintaining the balance of the cylinder foundation 1.
  • the cylindrical foundation 1 combines a cylindrical structure, a gravity structure and a sheet pile structure to withstand complex stresses and loads.
  • the tube type ⁇ out 1 can also design different types of barrel-type structures according to the actual geological conditions of the wind farm.
  • the tower 2 can be a conventional tower or a liftable tower.
  • the heights of the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 can be adjusted by adjusting the lift tower.
  • the present invention allows at least two high power wind turbines 31, 32 to be installed at the vertical height of the tower 2 by increasing the strength of the tower 2 and the height of the tower 1.
  • the tower 2 and the cylinder type 1 A vibration absorbing pad for absorbing and isolating the vibration energy of the wind turbine is provided between and between the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 and the tower 2.
  • the first wind turbine 31 is mounted on the tower 2 near the top position, and at least one second wind turbine 32 is mounted below the top of the tower 2.
  • a second is installed in the middle of the tower 2
  • the wind turbine 32 is explained as an example.
  • the wind power generator 100 of the present invention may be provided with two or more second wind turbines 32 to adjust the number and position of the second wind turbines 32 according to actual wind power generation requirements.
  • the first wind turbine 31 generates a first torque to the tower 2 during rotational power generation
  • the second wind turbine 32 generates a second torque to the tower 1 during rotary power generation
  • the second torque and the first torque are at least partially Offset.
  • the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 rotate in opposite directions. Since the torque generated by the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 mounted on the tower 2 to the tower 2 during the rotational operation can be partially or completely offset, the first wind turbine 31 and the first wind turbine can be balanced.
  • the increase in the height of the wind turbine 32 and the torque of the at least two high-power wind turbines 31, 32 in series and in the limit state enhances the stability of the tower 2, making the operation of the entire wind power plant 100 smoother.
  • the wind power generator 100 of the present invention is further provided with a balancer (not shown) having a counterweight, and a yaw system (not shown) for controlling the directions of the first and second wind turbines 31, 32.
  • the balancer balances the operating bending moment of the wind power generator 100 by controlling the position of the counterweight.
  • the yaw system controls the center of gravity of the whole machine to be biased toward the wind direction.
  • the first wind turbine 31 is designed to operate in a downwind direction, that is, in an operating state.
  • the hub 310 controlling the first wind turbine 31 is located on the leeward side of the tower 2
  • the second wind turbine 32 is designed to operate in an upwind direction, i.e., the hub 320 controlling the second wind turbine 32 in the operating state is located in the tower 1.
  • the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 may both be designed in a downwind direction or in an upwind direction, that is, the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 are both located in the tower.
  • the leeward faces of 2 are either located on the windward side of the tower 2, and the blades of the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 are reduced by synchronously controlling the rotation of the blades of the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32.
  • the wind turbines 31, 32 can be designed with a center of gravity offset tower axis.
  • the center of gravity of the first wind turbine 31 is near the tail of the nacelle, and the center of gravity of the second wind turbine 32 is near the head of the machine, and the yaw system is passed through the first and second wind turbines 31, 32.
  • the action to control the center of gravity of the whole machine is biased toward the direction of the wind.
  • the center of gravity of the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 may be disposed close to the nacelle header, and the operating bending moment of the wind power generator 100 may be balanced by the balancer.
  • the second wind turbine 32 realizes a mechanical connection with the tower 2 through the bearing 4, and is electrically connected to the cable 6 in the tower 2 by the brush 5.
  • the second wind turbine 32 can be steered around the tower 2 in either direction under the control of the yaw system, and the control signals and the emitted electrical energy are smoothly transmitted in the second wind turbine 32 and the tower 2.
  • the tower 2 is opened at the upper part of the nacelle (not shown), and can be passed through the top of the machine gun during inspection: ⁇ Tower 2.
  • the installation of the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 can be carried out using conventional split hoisting or integral hoisting.
  • the present invention installs two (or more) wind turbines 31, 32 in series on a single tower 2, and by increasing the height and strength of the tower 2, it is doubled without increasing the manufacturing difficulty of the wind turbines 31, 32. Increase the power of the wind turbine to improve the utilization efficiency of wind energy.
  • the installation heights Ha and Hb of the first wind turbine 31 and the second wind turbine 32 are designed according to conditions such as wind resources.
  • the load calculation is performed on the first wind power generator set 31 and the second wind power generator set 32, and the tower 2 of the wind power generator 100 of the present invention is designed.
  • the upper part of the tower 2 is a column-shaped single-tube tower, and the lower part can be a column-shaped single-tube structure. Tower, or truss structure tower.
  • the wind turbine yaw system around the tower 2 is designed based on the load and the site environment.
  • the cylindrical foundation 1 of the wind power generator 100 of the present invention is designed based on the selected tower 2 and load calculations, and the geological conditions of the wind farm.
  • the design and installation scheme can be adopted.
  • the method of partial lifting can be adopted.
  • the lifting tower 2 can be used, and the lifting tower 2 can be lower. Installation of height-mounted first and second wind turbines 31, 32.
  • the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 are commissioned and commissioned for delivery.
  • the wind power generation device 100 of the present invention can realize the use of a large-power wind turbine unit in series to become a super-high-power wind turbine generator, which greatly reduces the difficulty in the development of the ultra-high-power wind turbine generator group, and makes the industrialization of the ultra-high-power wind turbine generator group possible.
  • the utilization efficiency of the wind resources can be improved.
  • the wind power generation device 100 of the present invention has the following features and benefits:
  • the wind power plant 100 of the present invention can maximize the utilization of existing mature wind turbine technology, reducing the risk and difficulty of technology development.
  • the wind power generator 100 of the present invention can utilize high-quality wind resources (above 150 meters) to a greater extent.
  • the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 of the present invention are more reliable than the ultra-high power wind turbines, and the generator, gearbox, and control system are simpler and more stable.
  • the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 of the present invention are force-distributed compared to the ultra-high power wind turbine, while the bending moment of the present invention is smaller by the balanced bending moment technique. At the same time, the first and second wind turbines 31, 32 are rotated in the reverse direction, and the overall torque during high-speed operation can be theoretically eliminated completely.
  • the load on the cylindrical foundation 1 of the wind power generator 100 of the present invention is simpler.
  • the wind power generation device 100 of the present invention can multiply the power of the wind turbine generator and increase the utilization of wind resources without increasing the unit investment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

风力发电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电技术领域， 尤其涉及一种风力发电装置。 背景技术
随着风力发电技术的不断成熟和发电成本的不断降低， 风力发电已 成为人类消耗电能中最主要来源之一。 风力发电主要依靠风力发电机组 在风的作用下工作产生电能。 风力发电是目前比较经济和容易实现大规 模商业化的可再生能源， 又属于绿色清洁能源。 利用风力发电既可使丰 富的风能自然资源造福于人类， 又可减少对煤炭、 石油等矿物燃料的消 耗， 能够緩解能源紧缺的压力， 另外， 还可以减少火力发电所带来的风 尘、 酸雨和温室效应等环境污染以及对气候的影响， 有利于保护人类生 存环境。
随着风力发电机组逐步向大功率发展， 目前针对风力发电机组的主 要研发方向是提高单机装机功率， 通过增大风力发电机组的叶片长度， 增加扫风面积， 提供单机发电能力。 然而， 随着功率的进一步增大， 叶 片的直径和重量也相应地不断增加， 风力发电机组的自身重量也将会大 幅度增加， 从而， 导致各部件的制造难度和整机安装难度大幅度提高， 使得风力发电机组进一步增大的潜力受到限制。
中国发明专利申请公布第 CN101737261A号公开了一种多风轮风力 发电机， 该多风轮风力发电机包括机架、 发电机、 支撑杆、 风轮、 风舵 以及使风轮能够万向转动的平面轴承， 在机架上通过一个或多个支撑杆 安装有多个风轮。 风吹动风轮旋转， 把风的动能转变成机械能， 每个风 轮通过驱动安装在支撑杆内的驱动轴驱动发电机的转子旋转并切割定 子磁场产生电流， 从而^ ^械能转化为电能， 驱动发电机发电。 由于机 架上安装有多个风轮， 多个风轮共同驱动一个发电机， 从而减小了风轮 直径， 多风轮共同作用， 增加了受风面积， 提高了发电效率。 然而， 由 于多个风轮共同驱动一个发电机发电， 因此， 对于发电机的容量要求较 高， 而且， 大容量的发电机， 无疑增加了发电机的尺寸， 不便于机枪的 确 认 本 总布置和安装。 另外， 多个风轮不论通过一个支撑杆或是通过多个支撑 杆安装在机架上， 多个风轮都是朝向同一方向， 因此， 多个风轮在运行 时， 会对机架产生相同的扭矩， 从而， 机架的机械稳定性不高， 安全可 靠性较差。
因此， 迫切需要提供改进以克服现有技术中存在的以上问题。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种风力发电装置， 在实现大功率 输出的同肘， 确保整个风力发电装置的运行平稳。
为达成上述发明目的， 本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明的一方面提供了一种风力发电装置， 其包括塔筒及第一风力 发电机组， 所述第一风力发电机组安装在所述塔筒上靠近顶部位置， 所 述第一风力发电机组在旋转发电时对塔筒产生第一扭矩， 所述风力发电 装置还包括安装在所述塔筒上顶部以下位置的至少一台第二风力发电 机组， 所述第二风力发电机组在旋转发电时对塔筒产生第二扭矩， 所述 第二扭矩与所述第一扭矩至少部分抵消。
优选地， 所述至少一台第二风力发电机组中的其中一台安装在所述 塔筒的中部位置， 所述第一风力发电机组和所述第二风力发电机组的旋 转方向 反。
优 地， 所述风力发电装置设置具有配重的平衡器， 所述平衡器通 过控制配重的位置平衡所述风力发电装置的运行弯矩。
优选地， 所述第一风力发电机组的重心靠近机抢尾部， 所述第二风 力发电机组的重心靠近机枪首部。
优选地， 所述风力发电装置设置用于控制所述第一和第二风力发电 机组的方向的偏航系统， 在所述第一和第二风力发电机组停机状态下， 所述偏航系统控制整机的重心偏向来风方向。
优选地， 控制所述第一风力发电机组的轮毂位于所述塔筒的背风 面， 而控制所述第二风力发电机组的轮毂位于所述塔筒的迎风面。
优选地， 所述第二风力发电机组与塔筒之间通过轴承实现机械连接 并且通过电刷实现电连接， 所述第二风力发电机组在所述偏航系统的控 制下可绕所述塔筒转向任一方向。 优选地， 所述第一风力发电机组与所述第二风力发电机组的轮毂均 位于所述塔筒的背风面或者均位于所述塔筒的迎风面 , 通过同步控制所 述第一风力发电机组与所述第二风力发电机组的叶片转动而减小第一 和第二风力发电机组的叶片之间的相互干扰。
优选地， 在所述第二风力发电机组的机枪上部开设有供检修人员进 入的检修孑 。
优选地， 所述塔筒为一种可升降式塔筒， 通过升降式塔筒调整所述 第一和第二风力发电机组的高度。
优选地， 所述塔筒安装在筒型基础上， 所述筒型^出为大尺度、 圆 形或多边形复合筒型基础、 或者为多个复合筒形基础的联合结构。
优选地， 在所述塔筒与筒型基 之间和 /或在所述第一、 第二风力 发电机组与塔筒之间设置有用于吸收和隔离振动能量的避振垫。
优选地， 所述筒型基础至少部分地沉没在水中， 所述筒型^出的内 部包括多个枪， 所述多个般的内外表面设置多种压力传感器， 根据压力 传感器的信号自动调整所述多个艙中至少部分枪的枪压， 从而维持所述 筒型^ ^的平衡。
本发明的风力发电装置可以实现采用大功率风力发电机组单机串 联后成为超大功率风力发电机组， 使超大功率风力发电机组开发的难度 大大降低， 使得超大功率风力发电机组的工业化成为可能。 并且， 通过 从而， 增强了塔筒的稳定生，、在实 大功率输出的同时， 确保整个风力 发电装置的运行更加平稳， 提高了风力发电装置的整体机械 ¼定性， 因 此， 可以获得更大的功率输出， 工作安全可靠。
以下通过参考附图详细说明优选的具体实施方式， 更明显地揭露本 发明的其他方面和特征。但是应当知道，该附图仅仅为解释目的而设计， 不作为本发明的范围的限定， 因为范围的限定应当参考附加的权利要 求。 还应当知道， 除非特别指出， 附图仅仅力图概念地说明此处描述的 结构和流程， 不必要依比例绘制。 附图说明
以下将结合附图和具体实施方式， 对本发明的技术方案作进一步的 详细描述。 其中：
图 1为本发明一种实施方式的风力发电装置的结构示意图。
图 2为图 1所示的风力发电装置的侧面示意图。
图 3为图 2所示的第二风力发电机组的 I部位的局部放大剖视示意 图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 以下参照附图并结 合具体实施方式， 对本发明作进一步的详细阐述。
图 1为本发明一种实施方式的风力发电装置的结构示意图。 图 2为 图 1所示的风力发电装置的侧面示意图。 如图 1和图 2所示， 本发明的 风力发电装置 100包括筒型基础 1、 安装在筒型基础 1上的塔筒 2、 以 及安装在塔筒 2上的第一风力发电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32。
筒型基础 1可以为一种大尺度、 圆形或多边形复合筒型基础、 或者 为一种多个复合筒形 ^ 的联合结构。 筒型基 1至少部分地沉没在水 中， 筒型^出 1的内部包括多个般（未示出） ， 多个枪的内外表面设置 多种压力传感器， 根据压力传感器的信号自动调整多个枪中至少部分抢 的枪压， 从而维持筒型基础 1的平衡。 筒型基础 1结合了筒型结构、 重 力式结构和板桩结构， 可承受复杂应力和荷载。 筒型^出 1也可以才艮据 风电场的实际地质条件， 设计不同形式的筒型 ^出结构。
塔筒 2可以采用常规塔筒或可升降式塔筒。 当塔筒 1为一种可升降 式塔筒时， 通过调整升降式塔筒可调整第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32 的高度。 本发明通过增加塔筒 2的强度和塔筒 1的高度， 使得在塔筒 2 的垂直高度上可以安装至少两台大功率风力发电机组 31、 32。
为降低第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32振动导致的风力发电机组 之间的相互影响， 以及对塔筒 1和筒型基础 1等结构的影响， 在塔筒 2 与筒型 出 1之间和 /或在第一、 第二风力发电机组 31、 32与塔筒 2之 间设置用于吸收和隔离风力发电机组振动能量的避振垫。
第一风力发电机组 31安装在塔筒 2上靠近顶部位置， 至少一台第 二风力发电机組 32安装在塔筒 2上顶部以下位置。 为了图示的清楚和 描述的方便， 在本具体实施方式， 以在塔筒 2的中部位置安装一台第二 风力发电机组 32 为例来进行说明。 在其他具体实施方式中， 本发明的 风力发电装置 100可以设置两台以上第二风力发电机组 32，根据实际风 力发电的需求来调整第二风力发电机组 32的数量以及位置。
第一风力发电机组 31在旋转发电时对塔筒 2产生第一扭矩， 而第 二风力发电机组 32在旋转发电时对塔筒 1产生第二扭矩， 并且， 第二 扭矩与第一扭矩至少部分地抵消。 在一种具体实施方式中， 第一风力发 电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32的旋转方向相反。 由于塔筒 2上安装 的第一风力发电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32在旋转运行时对塔筒 2 产生的扭矩可以部分或全部地抵消， 从而可以平衡由于第一风力发电机 组 31和第二风力发电机组 32高度增加和至少两台大功率风力发电机组 31、 32串联在运行和极限状态下的扭矩， 增强了塔筒 2的稳定性， 使得 整个风力发电装置 100的运行更加平稳。
本发明的风力发电装置 100还设置具有配重的平衡器（未图示） 、 以及用于控制第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32 的方向的偏航系统（未 图示）。平衡器通过控制配重的位置平衡风力发电装置 100的运行弯矩。 在第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32停机状态下， 偏航系统控制整机的 重心偏向来风方向。
为减少第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32 串联后， 第一和第二风力 发电机组 31、 32之间叶片的相互影响， 第一风力发电机组 31采用顺风 向运行设计， 即运行状态下控制第一风力发电机组 31的轮毂 310位于 塔筒 2的背风面， 而第二风力发电机组 32采用逆风向运行设计， 即运 行状态下控制第二风力发电机组 32的轮毂 320位于塔筒 1的迎风面； 或者， 也可以第一风力发电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32均采用顺风 向运行设计或者逆风向运行设计， 即第一风力发电机组 31 与第二风力 发电机组 32均位于塔筒 2的背风面或者均位于塔筒 2的迎风面， 通过 同步控制第一风力发电机组 31与第二风力发电机组 32的叶片转动而减 小第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32的叶片之间的相互干扰。
另一方面， 为平衡风荷载造成的风力发电机组 31、 32 弯矩， 风力 发电机组 31、 32 的设计可以采用重心偏移塔筒轴心设计。 第一风力发 电机组 31的重心靠近机艙尾部， 第二风力发电机组 32的重心靠近机舶 首部， 在第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32 停机状态下， 通过偏航系统 的动作来控制整机的重心偏向来风方向。 或者， 也可以第一风力发电机 组 31和和第二风力发电机组 32的重心均靠近机舱首部设置， 通过平衡 器来平衡风力发电装置 100的运行弯矩。
如图 3所示， 第二风力发电机组 32通过轴承 4实现与塔筒 2之间 的机械连接， 并且通过电刷 5实现与塔筒 2内的电缆 6电连接。 从而， 第二风力发电机组 32在偏航系统的控制下可绕塔筒 2转向任一方向， 而且在第二风力发电机组 32与塔筒 2顺利地传输控制信号和所发出的 电能。 在第二风力发电机组 32 的机抢上部开设有供检修人员 的检 修孔（未图示） , 塔筒 2在机舱上部开检 孔（未图示） ， 检修时可通 过机枪顶部： ^塔筒 2。
第一风力发电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32的安装可以采用常规 分部吊装或整体吊装的安装方式。
根据设计要求和风电场所在区域的风资源条件， 选择拟设计的风力 发电装置 100的整机功率 W, 选择合适的成熟机型即第一风力发电机组 31 (其单机功率为 Wa )和第二风力发电机组 32 (其单机功率为 Wb ) , 因此， 可以得出， 本发明的风力发电装置 100的整机功率为第一风力发 电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32的单机功率之和， 即 W=Wa+Wb。 本发 明在单个塔筒 2上串联安装两台 （或以上）风力发电机组 31、 32, 通过 提高塔筒 2的高度和强度， 在不增加风力发电机组 31、 32制造难度的 条件下， 成倍增加风力发电机组整机的功率， 提高风能的利用效率。
根据风资源等条件， 设计第一风力发电机组 31 和第二风力发电机 组 32的安装高度 Ha和 Hb。
对第一风力发电机组 31和第二风力发电机组 32进行荷载计算， 设 计本发明的风力发电装置 100的塔筒 2 , 塔筒 2上部采用柱状单筒结构 塔筒， 下部可以选用柱状单筒结构塔筒、 或桁架结构塔筒。
根据荷载和现场环境， 设计绕塔筒 2的风力发电机组偏航系统。 根据选择的塔筒 2和荷载计算， 及风电场的地质条件， 设计本发明 的风力发电装置 100的筒型基础 1。
根据实际安装条件， 设计安装方案， 在条件合适的情况下， 可以采 用分部吊装的方式， 在吊装设备高度不够的情况下， 可以采用升降式塔 筒 2， 升降式塔筒 2可以在较低安装高度安装第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32。
整体安装完成后， 对第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32 进行整体调 试与试运行， 交付使用。
本发明的风力发电装置 100可以实现采用较大功率风力发电机组单 机串联后成为超大功率风力发电机组， 使超大功率风力发电机组开发的 难度大大降低， 使得超大功率风力发电机组的工业化成为可能。 同时， 通过提高风力发电机组的轮毂高度， 更大程度地开发高空风资源， 能够 提高风资源的利用效率。
与传统的风力发电装置相比， 本发明的风力发电装置 100具有以下 特点和有益效果：
与开发超大功率风力发电机组相比， 本发明的风力发电装置 100可 最大程度上利用现有的成熟风力发电机组技术， 降低技术开发的风险和 难度。
与超大功率风力发电机组相比， 本发明的风力发电装置 100可以更 大程度利用高空 （150米以上）优质风资源。
与超大功率风力发电机组相比， 本发明的第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32的可靠性更高， 发电机、 变速箱、 控制系统更为简单和稳定。
本发明的第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32 串联后， 减少由于大功 率风力发电机组在叶片直径增大后， 导致的叶片挠度过大、 叶尖失速等 大直径叶片存在技术问题， 提高叶片转速， 提高风资源利用效率。
与超大功率风力发电机组相比， 本发明的第一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32受力分散， 同时通过平衡弯矩技术， 本发明的弯矩更小。 同时第 一和第二风力发电机组 31、 32反方向转动， 理论上可以完全消除高速 运行时的整体扭矩， 本发明的风力发电装置 100的筒型基础 1所受到的 荷载更简单。
与传统的风力发电装置相比， 本发明的风力发电装置 100在单位投 资不增加的情况下， 可以成倍提高风力发电机组的功率， 提高风资源的 利用。
以上仅为本发明较佳的实施方式， 本发明并不仅限于此， 本文中应 用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述， 以上实施方式的 说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想； 同时， 对于本领域 的一般技术人员， 依据本发明的思想， 在具体实施方式及应用范围上均 会有改变之处， 综上所述， 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种风力发电装置， 其包括塔筒及第一风力发电机组， 所述第 一风力发电机组安装在所述塔筒上靠近顶部位置， 所述第一风力发电机 组在旋转发电时对塔筒产生第一扭矩， 其特征在于： 其还包括安装在所 述塔筒上顶部以下位置的至少一台第二风力发电机组， 所述第二风力发 电机组在旋转发电时对塔筒产生第二扭矩， 所述第二扭矩与所述第一扭 矩至少部分抵消。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述至少一台第二 '风力发电机组中的其中一台安装在所述塔筒的中部位置， 所述第一风力 发电机组和所述第二风力发电机组的旋转方向相反。
3. 如权利要求 2 所述的风力发电装置， 其中设置具有配重的平衡 器， 所述平衡器通过控制配重的位置平衡所述风力发电装置的运行弯 矩。
4. 如权利要求 2 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述第一风力发电 机组的重心靠近机抢尾部， 所述第二风力发电机组的重心靠近机枪首 部。
5. 如权利要求 1 所述的风力发电装置， 其中设置用于控制所述第 一和第二风力发电机组的方向的偏航系统， 在所述第一和第二风力发电 机组停机状态下， 所述偏航系统控制整机的重心偏向来风方向。
6. 如权利要求 5 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 控制所述第一风力 发电机组的轮毂位于所述塔筒的背风面， 而控制所述第二风力发电机组 的轮毂位于所述塔筒的迎风面。
7. 如权利要求 5 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述第二风力发电 第二 电机组在所述 航系统的控制下可绕所 塔筒转向任一方 向。
8. 如权利要求 5 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述第一风力发电 机组与所述第二风力发电机组的轮毂均位于所述塔筒的背风面或者均 位于所述塔筒的迎风面， 通过同步控制所述第一风力发电机组与所述第 二风力发电机组的叶片转动而减小第一和第二风力发电机组的叶片之 间的相互干扰。
9. 如权利要求 1 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 在所述第二风力发 电机组的机般上部开设有供检修人员 的检修孔。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述塔筒为一种可 升降式塔筒， 通过升降式塔筒调整所述第一和第二风力发电机组的高 度。
11. 如权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述塔筒安装在筒 型基础上， 所述筒型基础为大尺度、 圆形或多边形复合筒型基础、 或者 为多个复合筒形基础的联合结构。
12. 如权利要求 11 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 在所述塔筒与筒 型基础之间和 /或在所述第一、 第二风力发电机组与塔筒之间设置有用 于吸收和隔离振动能量的避振垫。
13. 如权利要求 11 所述的风力发电装置， 其中， 所述筒型^出至 少部分地沉没在水中， 所述筒型^出的内部包括多个舱， 所述多个舱的 内外表面设置多种压力传感器， 根据压力传感器的信号自动调整所述多 个舱中至少部分抢的舱压， 从而维持所述筒型基础的平衡。
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CN102439289A (zh) 2012-05-02
US20130300123A1 (en) 2013-11-14
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EP2463513A1 (en) 2012-06-13

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