WO2010042079A1

WO2010042079A1 - Device for generating and transmitting heat capable of operating with fuel in any physical state and combustion flame

Info

Publication number: WO2010042079A1
Application number: PCT/SV2008/000003
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rene Mauricio Nuñez Suarez
Original assignee: Nunez Suarez Rene Mauricio
Priority date: 2008-10-09
Filing date: 2008-10-09
Publication date: 2010-04-15
Also published as: UY32170A; AR076439A1; PA8845101A1; PE20100614A1; MX2011003817A; CN102245967A; EP2345842A1; BRPI0823153A2; CN102245967B; EP2345842A4; US20110239916A1

Abstract

Device for generating and transmitting heat capable of operating with fuel in any physical state that includes at least one cylindrical combustion chamber (9) divided into a lower section (11) and an upper section (12) of variable height, a pressurized air chamber (26) arranged below the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of air injectors (14). The device is characterized in that the air injectors (14) are supported on a flat ring (43) and set in a second flat ring (52) and in that it also includes a set of replaceable parts (A) arranged in the free centre of both flat rings (43 and 52) and whose specific configuration depends on the physical state of the fuel being used. Furthermore said set of replaceable parts (A) includes at least one central air injector (16) located in the geometric centre of the unit.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION

GENERATOR AND HEAT TRANSMITTER APPARATUS CAPABLE OF OPERATING WITH FUEL IN ANY PHYSICAL CONDITION AND FLAME OF

COMBUSTION

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, as expressed in the wording of the present specification, aims to provide a heat generating and transmitting apparatus capable of operating with fuel in any physical state, that is to say it can be fed with fuel in solid, liquid state or gaseous. At the same time, it is the object of the invention to maximize the combustion efficiency, that is, to optimize fuel consumption, in order to result in considerable fuel savings and minimize the emission of pollutants.

Likewise, the present invention has for its object to describe a combustion flame generated within the described heat generating and transmitting apparatus, flame whose properties are highly advantageous in terms of heat transfer and to avoid the production of contaminants.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is encompassed within the methods of obtaining energy through combustion processes, within the processes of heat transfer and its generating and transmitting devices .. It has general application in the field of combustion and heat transfer, both for applications for industrial use and for domestic use.

Among the practical and concrete applications of the present invention, its use in the field of steam generation for heating or power generation can be mentioned. Furthermore, among the non-industrial applications of the invention, its use in heaters, stoves, ovens, stoves and the like can be mentioned.

STATE OF THE ART PRIOR TO THE INVENTION There are currently a large number of heat generators and transmitters, combustion chambers whose aim is to obtain the most "perfect" or "complete" combustion possible, in order to achieve savings in fuel consumption , at the same time that they try to minimize the generation of pollutants.

As a background closer to the present invention, US Pat. No. 6,651,645 Bl describes a heat generating apparatus for solid fuels. Although said document expressly states that the apparatus described can be used "for other types of fuels such as powdered fuels, liquid fuels or gaseous fuels", practice shows that it is not possible to use any of the solutions described in said patent with liquid or gaseous fuels. Among the solutions described in said document, none describes, or suggests an apparatus that can operate with liquid or gaseous fuel and neither is it mentioned, nor is it suggested that the same apparatus admits fuel in any physical state (solid, liquid or gaseous).

Additionally, the heat generating apparatus described in US Pat. No. 6,651,645 Bl has certain drawbacks, such as the fact that due to the high temperatures that are reached inside the combustion chamber, the plates or disks are substantially parallel where the plates are embedded. Air injectors buckle, which can cause them to break.

Therefore, it was desirable to obtain a heat generating and transmitting apparatus which: - could be used with fuels in any physical state, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, at the same time as

- succeed in maximizing combustion performance so that considerable fuel savings are obtained,

- manage to transmit the maximum amount of heat produced to the place of use, ie minimizing heat losses to the environment, - avoid the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), and

- be resistant to the high temperatures that are generated inside the combustion chamber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a heat generating and transmitting apparatus capable of operating with fuel in any physical state, ie fuel in the solid, liquid or gaseous state, which in turn allows reaching the desired objectives and overcoming the drawbacks of the heat generators existing in the prior art.

Thus, the new heat generator and transmitter apparatus, object of the present invention, comprises at least one combustion chamber of preferably tubular shape, preferably constituted by a cylinder. Said cylinder is preferably divided into two sections, a lower section and another upper section of variable height. The height can be varied depending on the heat density per unit volume of the combustion flame that will be obtained in the combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention comprises a pressurized air chamber disposed below the lower section of the cylinder that composes the combustion chamber, and a plurality of air injectors. The air injectors are arranged resting on a first flat ring that forms the upper part of the pressurized air chamber and embedded in a second flat ring arranged in contact with the lower end of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber. These air injectors are preferably disposed following the circular path of the flat rings, in a substantially radial direction from the center to the outside. The fact of arranging the air injectors supported on the first flat ring instead of being encased in a disc or plate achieves the following advantages:

- that the air injectors can slide on the first flat ring, in this way before the high temperatures that are generated inside the combustion chamber and the consequent dilatations that the ring can suffer, the presence of the injectors does not cause its buckling and possible breakage, and

- that in the interior of the flat rings, that is to say in the central or free zone, a replaceable set of parts can be arranged whose configuration is determined according to the physical state of the fuel to be used, whether solid, liquid or gaseous.

The second flat ring is fixed by fixing means preferably in the style of a bolt, bolt or screw arranged so that they are interposed between the air injectors.

The number of injectors in principle is not relevant and depends on the diameter of the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber. However, as what is intended to be achieved with this particular arrangement of the air injectors is a rotational flow from the injection of the different air flows, thus, the minimum number of injectors necessary to obtain said rotational flow will be that which , depending on the diameter of the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber, and with the arrangement described, resembles a circle. Thus, for example, it can be indicated that from 6 air injectors, that is, forming a hexagon, the configuration begins to resemble a circle. It is also preferable that an even number of injectors be available to ensure that the flame resulting from the combustion remains equidistant from all the points of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber.

Thus, as indicated above, the apparatus of the present invention comprises a replaceable set of parts, disposed in the free center of the flat rings, at the lower end of the lower section of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber and attached to the combustion chamber. second flat ring by means of an expansion joint and whose configuration is determined by the physical state of the fuel to be used.

Finally, the apparatus of the present invention comprises at least one fan or a set of fans disposed below the pressurized air chamber, to supply air to the pressurized air chamber itself. A preferred embodiment of the fan or set of fans also provides for the existence of a sliding sheet that is placed by closing or opening the air intake space to the fan or set of fans to regulate the air intake.

Additional description of the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber:

In a preferred embodiment, the two sections of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber are formed by the interposition of a third flat splitter ring. Embodiments in which the two sections of the cylinder are formed from, for example, a collapse or narrowing in the walls of the cylinder itself, adopting for example a shape similar to that of an "hourglass" will also be admissible. In a preferred embodiment, holes for pressure relief are provided in the walls of the upper section of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber.

In the preferred embodiment, in addition, the cylinder forming the combustion chamber is complemented by a thermal insulation system composed of a series of concentric cylinders, separated by spaces through which air circulates.

Description of the pressurized air chamber: The pressurized air chamber is constituted by a second cylinder arranged concentrically and below the lower section of the combustion chamber and whose diameter will preferably be equal to or greater than that of the combustion chamber . In the preferred embodiment, the diameter of the second cylinder forming the air chamber under pressure is greater than that of the cylinder constituting the combustion chamber, in such a way that it coincides with a fourth concentric cylinder forming part of the thermal insulation system, as it will be explained later in the present report.

The pressurized air chamber supplies pressurized air to the plurality of air injectors supported on the first flat ring and the central air injector, comprised within the replaceable assembly of parts.

The upper part of the pressurized air chamber forms the first flat ring where the air injectors rest.

The first flat ring comprises, in turn, a vertical skirt whose upper part has a preferably crown-shaped finish.

Description of the air injectors:

Each air injector has

• a lateral opening and • a superior opening. The lateral opening allows to inject air flows in a substantially horizontal direction, that is, air that is used for combustion. The upper opening allows to inject air flows in a substantially vertical direction, that is air that has dual functionality, combustion and cooling.

On the other hand, the central air injector, comprised within the replaceable set of parts, has only an upper opening that allows to inject air flow in a substantially vertical direction. This flow of air in a substantially vertical direction feeds the center of the combustion chamber, that is, it injects air that is used directly for combustion.

In this way it is achieved that the combined action of the different air flows inside the combustion chamber produces a rotational air flow.

The inclusion of the central air injector achieves that the central air flow has the necessary force to feed the center of the flame, since it is not only a hole through which air enters as far as it can enter, but of a pressurized air injection.

In a preferred embodiment, each air injector has, in its lateral opening, a nozzle for air outlet. The nozzles serve to improve the direction of air flows within the combustion chamber.

Description of the structure of the replaceable parts set:

The configuration of the replaceable parts set will depend on the physical state of the fuel to be used, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, but in any case it comprises a central air injector arranged in the geometric center of the assembly and embedded between two flat and parallel discs that they are part of said set. Thus, in all cases, in addition to comprising the central air injector, the replaceable set of parts comprises a flat disk, joined to the second flat ring by means of an expansion joint, and a second flat disk supported on the first flat ring ; in such a way that the central air injector is embedded between both disks, in its geometric center.

In addition, in the geometrical center of the second flat disk, around and concentric with the central air injector, a plurality of openings is provided by where pressurized air comes from the pressurized air chamber, in such a way that the incoming air by said openings when striking against the first flat disc contributes to its cooling. In addition, and due to the crown-like finish of the upper part of the vertical skirt, the incoming air follows a substantially horizontal trajectory until it exits through the recesses of the crown shape of the vertical skirt. In this way, the function of this air flow in a substantially horizontal direction will be that of cooling.

For fuels in gaseous or liquid state, the replaceable parts set includes, in addition:

- a plurality of fuel injectors disposed resting on the second flat disk and embedded in the first flat disk, distributed preferably following the circular path of the discs,

- a fuel distributor, arranged below the fuel injectors and whose upper part forms the second flat disk, and

- a fuel supply pipe that feeds the fuel distributor.

The fuel injectors preferably have a lateral opening in such a way that the injection of fuel in gaseous or liquid state is carried out following a substantially horizontal direction in such a way as to contribute to the rotational sense of the air flows.

In addition, the fuel injectors are fed, preferably, by their lower part because the fuel distributor is arranged below them.

When the fuel to be used is liquid, it is additionally arranged to place a collecting plate for liquid retention and the configuration of the fuel distributor is modified in such a way that the fuel supply travels substantially horizontally and parallel to the first flat disk before to get the fuel to the fuel injector. The use of the collector plate for liquid retention is not essential, but it is convenient in the case of using fuel in a liquid state.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat generating and transmitting apparatus, independently of the physical state of the fuel to be supplied, entails a thermal insulation system. Said system consists of a series of cylinders concentric with the cylinder that forms the combustion chamber and will be explained in detail in the section "embodiment of the invention". Materials: The materials for the different component elements of the combustion chamber are preferably metallic and within these the use of stainless steel is preferred. Also, in the preferred embodiment, the walls inside the combustion chamber are reflective and preferably bright silvery in color, so that the return of heat radiation from the walls of the cylinder to the interior is optimized. The more reflective it is, the greater the return and the lower the heat loss. It should be noted that, although the heat sink is not an integral part of the apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that it be placed on top of the combustion chamber, leaving an air space in the middle. The air in the upper part of the combustion chamber will be used as a heat insulator, when it is air in the horizontal direction, or as a heat transmitter, when it is air in the vertical direction.

In addition, it is noteworthy that the embodiments described for liquid or gaseous fuel could also be used for solid fuels, for example in cases of solid fuels difficult to ignite. Thus combustion could be started with a gaseous or a liquid fuel and then passed on to the solid fuel. In these cases, the fuel injectors (gas or liquid) will also include a cover. Alternatively, the fuel injectors in the liquid or gaseous state are lowered until they are level with the first flat disc. Description of the combustion flame:

Finally, within the heat generator and transmitter apparatus described by the present invention, a combustion flame of geometric shape and advantageous technical characteristics are generated in terms of fuel efficiency and emission of contaminants.

Thus, it is also an object of the present invention said combustion flame formed by a plurality of combustion discs formed, in turn, by combustion gases, the combustion discs being separated from each other by means of air discs formed by the combustion discs. air flows that are supplied for the oxidation of the fuel when the air supply is carried out in such a way that the combined action of the air flows causes a rotational air flow as described inside the combustion chamber of the apparatus of the present invention.

This rotational air flow gives the flame the shape of a pulsating vortex, being able to have central air zones and continuity sections between the combustion gas discs. Additionally, the combustion discs acquire a certain upward vertical velocity inside the combustion chamber, and as at a higher speed of the combustion discs there is less heat transfer to the medium, therefore as a function of the ascending vertical velocity of the combustion discs and the thickness thereof, the transfer (or loss) of heat to the medium will be greater or lesser. The same will be smaller, the thinner the combustion discs are and the higher vertical velocity ascending will be printed.

Additionally, at the upper end of the combustion flame one or more terminations may be formed more or less elongated. Thus this new geometrical form of combustion flame manages to considerably increase the surface of the combustion flame, i.e. the oxidation surface, or area where the oxygen of the air comes into contact with the combustion flame. Furthermore, with this form of combustion flame it is achieved that the air supplied for the oxidation of the fuel is at very short distances from any zone inside the combustion flame and therefore maximizes the fuel efficiency. It has also been found that the described combustion flame will have a greater oxidation surface the thinner the combustion discs that make up the combustion flame.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The present invention will be completely understood on the basis of the brief description that follows and the accompanying drawings that are presented, by way of example only and, thus, are not restrictive within the present invention and where: Figure 1 shows a schematic of a complete longitudinal section of the generating apparatus and heat transmitter capable of operating with fuel in any physical state object of the present invention, in which the replaceable parts set (A) for fuel in gaseous state or fuel in liquid state, has been represented, but without a retention plate; Figure 2 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of the heat generating and transmitting apparatus capable of operating with fuel in any physical state of the previous figure, where the replaceable set of parts (A) has been schematically represented, the system has been removed thermal insulation and the lower area of the pressurized air chamber (26) has been cut to allow more detail of the rest of the aparate- Figures 3a, 3b and 3c respectively show a perspective view of the replaceable parts set (A) in the case of solid fuel, gaseous fuel (or liquid without holding plate (53)) and liquid fuel with holding plate (53); Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the pressurized air chamber (26); Figure 5 shows a side view of the pressurized air chamber (26); Figure 6 shows a top view of the pressurized air chamber (26); Figures 7a, 7b and 7c respectively show a top view of the pressurized air chamber (26) with the replaceable parts set (A) of Figures 3a, 3b and 3c respectively; Figure 8 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of the heat generating and transmitting apparatus capable of operating with fuel in any physical state of the previous figure, where the lower area of the pressurized air chamber (26) has been cut for allowing greater detail of the rest of the apparatus and in which the replaceable assembly of parts (A), described in Figure 3b, has been represented for use of gaseous or liquid fuel without holding plate (53); figure 9 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section similar to that of figure 8, but in which the replaceable parts set (A), described in figure 3c, has been represented for use of liquid fuel with holding plate (53) ); figure 10 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section similar to that of figure 8, but in which the replaceable assembly of parts (A), described in figure 3a, has been represented for the use of solid fuel;

Figure 11 shows a sectional view of the section A-A of Figure 9; Figure 12 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section of a specific embodiment that contemplates only the possibility of using gaseous or liquid fuels, without holding plate of the apparatus of the present invention, where the lower area of the air chamber has been cut to pressure (26) to allow more detail of the rest of the apparatus; Figure 13 shows a diagram of a longitudinal section similar to that of Figure 12, but for a specific embodiment that only contemplates the use for solid fuels; Figure 14 shows a sectional view of the section A-A of Figure 12; Figure 15 shows an enlarged view of Figure 14 to better see the movement of the air flows; and the injection of liquid or gaseous fuel; the references of a particular injector are numbered, but it should be understood that each air injector has a fuel injector associated, Figure 16 shows an alternative embodiment of Figure 15, where 14 air injectors (14) are available instead of 10 air injectors as in figure 15; Figure 17 shows a schematic of a longitudinal section for an alternative embodiment of Figure 13, and in the detail there is shown an alternative embodiment of the mound (56) described and that is to perform a bending

(57) on the walls of the concentric cylinders; Figure 18 shows a sectional view of the section A-

A of figure 13; Figure 19 shows a sectional view of section A-

A of figure 17; Figure 20 shows another sectional view of the cut

A-A of figure 12, but with retaining plate (53); Figure 21 shows a top view of the hot air flows that the heat receiver (41) will receive in the upper part of the heat generating and transmitting apparatus; Figure 22 shows a diagram of at least one fan (63); Figure 23 shows a diagram of the sliding sheet (55), and Figure 24 shows a schematic of a combustion flame obtained inside the combustion chamber of the present invention. In these figures there are numerical references associated with the following elements:

A: replaceable parts set

2: substantially horizontal air flows emerging from the air injectors 3: combustion flame combustion discs combustion flame air discs gaseous or liquid fuel injection central air zone of the combustion flame continuity sections of the combustion flame ends of the combustion flame first cylinder, which forms the combustion chamber

10: third flat ring, divider of the two sections of the combustion chamber

11: lower section of the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber

12: upper section of the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber

13: first flat disk

13 ': flat disc for specific embodiments where the device only admits fuel in a physical state, defined at the time of its construction

14: air injectors

14a: lateral opening of the air injectors

14b: upper opening of the air injectors 15: air flows in a substantially vertical direction emerging from the air injectors

16: central air injector

16 ': plurality of openings around the central air injector 17: airflow in substantially vertical direction emerging from the central air injector

18: pressurized air from the pressurized air chamber

19: fuel injectors 20: liquid or gaseous fuel feed

20 ': substantially horizontal route of the liquid fuel feed

21: cylinder pressure relief holes that make up the combustion chamber 22: third cylinder, concentric with the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber

23: separation space between the cylinder forming the combustion chamber and the third cylinder 24: air flow circulating through the lower end of the space (23) of separation between the cylinder forming the combustion chamber and the third cylinder, that is, the space defined between the vertical skirt (51) that makes up the air chamber under pressure (26) and the third cylinder (22) 25: pressure relief holes of the third cylinder

26: pressurized air chamber

27: fourth cylinder pressure relief holes

28: fourth cylinder, concentric with the previous ones (9 and

22) 29: fuel feeder tube

30: fuel distributor

31: air flow in a substantially horizontal direction emerging from the recesses forming the crown of the vertical skirt 32: air flow through the space between the cylinder forming the combustion chamber and the third cylinder

33: outlet or upper end of the gap between the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber and the third cylinder

34: space between the third and fourth cylinder

35: air flow circulating in the space between the third and fourth cylinder

36: exit or upper end of the separation space between the third and fourth cylinder

37: fourth flat ring of the upper edge of the third cylinder

38: fifth flat ring of the upper edge of the fourth cylinder 39: ring that has on its outer edge the fifth flat ring of the upper edge of the fourth cylinder

40: separation space between the generator and heat transmitter and a heat sink

41: heat sink

42: second cylinder, which constitutes the pressurized air chamber

43: first flat ring where the air injectors support

43 ': flat disk for specific embodiments where the device only admits fuel in a physical state, defined at the time of its construction

44: second flat disc of the fuel distributor

45: sixth flat ring on which the lower end of the outermost cylinder rests, concentric with the cylinder that makes up the combustion chamber

46 fastening means 47 air nozzle 48 fasteners 49 dowels 50 pin 51 vertical skirt with crown-shaped finish 52 second flat ring in contact with the lower end of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber

53 liquid fuel holding plate

54: expansion joint or groove 55: sliding plate 56: mound 57: folded

58: support for heat sink

59: holes to allow air supply to the air injectors

60: holes for fixing the second flat ring (52) 61: hole for supply of air to the gap (23) between the cylinder (9) that makes up the combustion chamber and the third cylinder (22) 62: hole for air supply to the space (34) of separation between the third and fourth cylinder (22 and 28) 63: fan for pressurizing the air in the pressurized air chamber (26). FORM OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In order to reach a better understanding of the object and functionality of this patent, and without being understood as restrictive solutions.

Figure 2 shows a general scheme of a heat generating and transmitting apparatus capable of operating with fuel in any physical state comprising:

• a cylindrical combustion chamber (9) divided into two sections, one lower (11) and another upper section (12), the height of the lower section preferably being smaller than that of the upper section;

• a pressurized air chamber (26) preferably constituted by a second cylinder (42), whose diameter is preferably equal to that of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber (9) and which is disposed below the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber,

• a plurality of air injectors (14) having a lateral opening (14a) and an upper opening (14b) and which are disposed resting on a first flat ring (43) that forms the upper part of the pressurized air chamber (26) and embedded in a second flat ring (52), arranged in contact with the lower end of the first cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber,

• a replaceable set of parts (A) arranged in the free center of both rings (43 and 52), and • at least one fan, which is not seen in figure 2, since the lower area of the chamber has been removed of pressurized air (26) to allow more detail of the rest of the device.

In figure 1, as already indicated, a complete scheme of the apparatus of the present invention is shown, in which has represented the replaceable parts set (A), for the case of use of gaseous fuel or liquid fuel, but without holding plate. Thus, an apparatus is seen comprising: • a cylindrical combustion chamber (9) divided into two sections, one lower (11) and another upper section (12),

• a pressurized air chamber (26) constituted by a second cylinder (42), whose diameter is greater than that of the cylinder that forms the combustion chamber (9) and which is arranged below the lower section (11) of the chamber of combustion,

• a plurality of air injectors (14) having a lateral opening (14a) and an upper opening (14b) and which are disposed resting on a first flat ring (43) that forms the upper part of the pressurized air chamber (26) and embedded in a second flat ring (52), arranged in contact with the lower end of the first cylinder (9) that makes up the combustion chamber, • a set of parts, which turns out to be the replaceable set of parts (A ) of figure 2 for the case of fuel in gaseous or liquid state without holding plate. Said set of pieces is arranged in the free center of both rings (43 and 52), at the lower end of the lower section (11) and consists of:

- a first flat disk (13), a second flat disk (44),

- a central air injector (16),

- a plurality of fuel injectors (19), - a fuel distributor (30),

- a fuel supply pipe (29) of the fuel distributor (30), and a plurality of openings (16 '), around the central air injector (16) in such a way that the first flat disk (13) is joined to the second flat ring (52) by means of an expansion joint (54); the second flat disk (44) forms the upper part of the fuel distributor (30) and rests on the first flat ring (43) and parallel to the first flat disk (13); the fuel injectors (19) are disposed supported on the second flat disk (44) and passed through their corresponding holes in the first flat disk (13); the fuel distributor (30) is arranged below the fuel injectors (19); the central air injector is arranged embedded between both flat discs (13 and 44), in the geometric center thereof; the plurality of openings (16 ') arranged in circular distribution in the second flat disk (44) and around the central air injector (16). The fuel supply pipe (29), although it is preferably located on one side of the fuel distributor (30) could admit any location that allows fuel to enter the fuel distributor (30). In addition, the holes of the first flat disc (13) through which the fuel injectors pass

(19) have a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the fuel injectors (19) in order to allow the expansion of the flat disk (13) that is produced by the high temperatures that are generated inside the combustion chamber.

In addition, in Figure 1, at least one fan (63) is shown located below the lower region of the pressurized air chamber (26). Figure 1 also shows some arrows that indicate the direction of the air flows. Thus, the pressurized air chamber (26) supplies pressurized air (18) to the plurality of air injectors (14) and the central air injector (16). Each air injector (14) has a side opening (14a) and an upper opening (14b), of so that the lateral opening (14a) allows to inject air flows in a substantially horizontal direction (2) into the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber. The upper opening (14b) allows, in turn, to inject air flows in a substantially vertical direction (15) into the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber. And the central air injector (16) injects an air flow in a substantially vertical direction (17) into the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber. In this way it is achieved that the combined action of all the air flows (2, 15 and 17) produces an upward rotational air flow in the lower section (11) of the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber. The scheme of FIG. 1 being a preferred embodiment, it also contemplates the presence of pressure relief holes (21) in the walls of the upper section (12) of the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber. Also, as it is a preferred embodiment, the third flat ring (10) is shown, dividing the two sections (11 and 12) of the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber.

In addition, and because it is a preferred embodiment, the thermal insulation system composed of:

- a third cylinder (22), concentric with the first cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber, which is arranged separated from it by - a space (23), said space (23) culminates, in the upper end portion of the upper section (12) of the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber, in

- an exit (33) through which the air flowing (32) will exit through said space (23), - pressure relief holes (25), which are preferably provided in the walls of the third cylinder (22), aligned with the pressure relief holes (21) of the cylinder (9) forming the combustion chamber, - a fourth flat ring (37), which is preferably placed on the upper edge of the third cylinder (22),

- a fourth cylinder (28), concentric with the previous cylinders (9 and 22), which is arranged separately from the third cylinder (22) by

- a space (34), said space (34) culminates, in the upper end part of the third cylinder (22), in

- an outlet (36) through which the flowing air (35) will exit through the space (34), - pressure relief holes (27), which are provided, preferably in the walls of the fourth cylinder (28), aligned with the pressure relief holes (21 and 25) of the other cylinders (9 and 22),

- a fifth flat ring (38), which is placed on the upper edge of the fourth cylinder (28),

- a ring (39) arranged on the outer edge of the fourth cylinder (28) which, together with the outer edge of the fourth flat ring (37) of the upper edge of the third cylinder (22) defines the outlet (36) of the space (34) ). It is also observed in figure 1 that the apparatus of the invention preferably has a sixth flat ring (45) disposed on the upper end of the second cylinder (42) forming the pressurized air chamber (26). In said sixth flat ring (45) the fourth cylinder (28) is supported. Thus, with this preferred configuration, the invention provides an additional advantage in order to reduce heat losses to the medium, since the fourth cylinder (28) is displaced downwards, with respect to the area where combustion takes place and therefore both receives less heat, is better insulator and produces less heat loss to the medium.

Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show respectively a perspective view of the replaceable parts set (A) for the case of solid fuel, gaseous or liquid fuel without holding plate (53) and liquid fuel with holding plate (53). Thus, in figure 3a, the first flat disk (13), the central air injector (16), the expansion joint (54) and the second flat disk (44) are shown. In FIG. 3b, the fuel injectors (19), the fuel distributor (30) and the fuel supply pipe (29) are additionally shown. And in Figure 3c, the retention plate (53) of liquids is further represented and it is observed how the configuration of the fuel distributor (30) is modified, in order to allow an additional travel to the liquid, said path (20 ') being ) horizontally and parallel to the flat disk (13). Said course (20 ') is not represented in this figure 3c, but will be represented in figure 9.

The fuel injectors (19) have a lateral opening in such a way that the injection of the fuel in the gaseous or liquid state is carried out following a substantially horizontal direction (5). In this way the fuel injection contributes to the upward rotational sense produced by the air flows (2, 15, 17) mentioned above. The fuel injectors (19) are preferably fed by their lower part (20).

Moreover, in these cases, in which there is a fuel distributor (30), figures 3b and 3c, the flat disc (44) coincides with the upper part of the fuel distributor (30).

Figure 4 shows the pressure air chamber (26) and it is observed that it consists of: - a cylinder (42) that can be of equal or greater diameter than the cylinder (9) that composes the combustion chamber,

- an upper part that forms a flat ring (43) and

- a vertical skirt (51) whose top finish has a crown shape.

Specifically, in figure 4, although its relationship with the cylinder forming the combustion chamber (9) is not shown in the figure, we can indicate that it corresponds to that preferred embodiment that has a thermal insulation system and therefore the cylinder

(42) which forms the pressurized air chamber (26) has a larger diameter than the cylinder forming the combustion chamber (9). In this way, the first flat ring (43) that forms its upper part has, in its central part, holes (59) to allow the passage of air to the air injectors (14) and holes (60), of different sizes and sizes. interposed between the previous ones that allow fixing the second flat ring (52) and also, since the scheme includes the thermal insulation system, includes holes (61) for air supply to the space (23) of separation between the cylinder (9) which forms the combustion chamber and the third concentric cylinder (22) belonging to the thermal insulation system and orifices (62) for supplying air to the space (34) for separation between the cylinders (22 and 28) of the thermal insulation system. The holes (61 and 62) being arranged in a circular distribution, following the curvature of the first flat ring (43) and in the radial direction towards the outside.

In figure 8 arrows are additionally represented corresponding to the air flows, thus, to the air injectors (14) enters air (18) coming from the air chamber under pressure (26) and by its lateral opening (14a) air flows in a substantially horizontal direction (2) and through its upper opening (14b) air flows in a substantially vertical direction (15). To the central air injector (16) air (18) enters from the pressurized air chamber (26) and air comes out in a substantially vertical direction (17). To the plurality of openings (16 ') provided around the central air injector (16) air (18) enters the pressurized air chamber (26), said air (31) first circulates vertically until it impinges on the first flat disc (13) and from there it continues in a substantially horizontal trajectory (31) and parallel to said flat disc (13), until it exits through the recesses of the crown shape of the vertical skirt (51). The lower end of the defined space (23) corresponds to a separation between the vertical skirt (51) that forms the pressurized air chamber (26) and the third cylinder (22) of the thermal insulation system and is also fed by air (18) coming from the pressurized air chamber (26) forming the air flow (24), this air flow (24) joins, in its path vertically upwards, with the air (31) flowing in substantially horizontal direction described above and together make up the air flow (32) flowing through the space (23) and directed towards the upper end of the cylinders (9 and 22), towards the outlet (33). Preferably, pressure relief holes (25) are provided in the third cylinder (22), aligned with the pressure relief holes (21) of the cylinder (9) forming the combustion chamber. Also shown in FIG. 8 is the fourth flat ring (37) at the upper edge of the cylinder (22).

Also shown in figure 8 is the space (34) of separation between the cylinders (22 and 28) of the thermal insulation system, it is also fed by air (18) coming from the pressurized air chamber (26) in such a way that through said space (34) flows an air flow (35) that is directed towards the upper end of the cylinders (22 and 28), towards an outlet (36). Preferably, in the fourth cylinder (28) there are also provided pressure relief holes (27) aligned with the pressure relief holes (21 and 25) of the other cylinders (9 and 22).

Also shown in figure 8 is the fifth flat ring (38), which is placed on the upper edge of the fourth cylinder (28) and which has on its outer edge a ring (39) which, together with the outer edge of the fourth ring plane (37) of the upper edge of the third cylinder (22) define the outlet (36).

Preferably, the apparatus of the invention has a sixth flat ring (45) disposed on the upper end of the cylinder (42) forming the pressurized air chamber (26). Furthermore, in the sixth flat ring (45) the fourth cylinder (28) is supported, said flat ring being fixed

(45) to the fourth cylinder (28) by conventional fastening means. This configuration provides an additional advantage to reduce heat losses to the medium, since the fourth cylinder (28) is displaced downwards with respect to the lower section (11) of the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber, ie the area where the combustion takes place and therefore receives less heat, with which it is possible to obtain less heat losses to the medium.

In figure 11, where the preferred embodiment is also represented, each air injector (14) is represented with a nozzle (47) to direct the air outlet, in its lateral opening (14a).

Preferably, and as seen in figures 11, 14, 17, 18 and 19 the fastening means are composed of fasteners (48) aided by pins (49), arranged substantially circularly on the sixth flat ring (45). In addition, the preferred embodiment contemplates use as an additional safety means a pin (50), to secure the fastener union (48) and pin (49). It should be noted that the fasteners (48) and the pins (49) described can be replaced by any conventional fixing means without altering the essence of the invention. In figures 11, 14 and 20, it is also observed that the central air injector (16) is centered and, following a radial trajectory from the center and towards the outside, where the fuel injectors are located first (19). ) distributed in a substantially circular arrangement. Continuing with this radial direction, also in substantially circular arrangement, are the air injectors (14), which are represented by each incorporating a nozzle (47) for air outlet.

Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 clearly show the expansion joint (54).

The groove or expansion joint (54), added to the fact that the air injectors (14) rest on the first flat ring (43), make it possible for both the second flat ring (52) and the first (43) ring to be able to suffer dilatations due to the high temperatures that are generated inside the combustion chamber, without buckling. This will prevent them from breaking. Figures 12, 14, 15 and 16 show concrete embodiments for the case in which the apparatus only admits gaseous or liquid fuel without holding plate. Thus, the figures teach that there is no expansion joint (54). In addition, the second flat ring (52) and the first flat disk (13) of the embodiments that admitted fuel in any physical state are replaced by a single flat disk (13 ').

Figures 13, 17, 18 and 19 show concrete embodiments for the case where the apparatus only admits solid fuel and here, in these figures, shows that there is no expansion joint (54). In addition, the second flat ring (52) and the first flat disk (13) of the embodiments that admitted fuel in any physical state are replaced by a single flat disk (13 '), while the first flat ring (43) and the second flat disk (44) are replaced by a single flat disk (43 ').

Also in the previous figures are the fourth flat ring (37) of the upper edge of the third cylinder (22) and the ring (39) which has on its outer edge the fifth flat ring (38) which is placed on the upper edge of the fourth cylinder (28).

In Figure 15 the movement of the air flows (2) of the air injectors (14) is exemplified. This scheme, although it is drawn for the specific embodiment in which the heat generating and transmitting apparatus only admits gaseous or liquid fuels without holding plate, the representation of the air flows is applicable to any of the possible embodiments contemplated herein memory. Thus, the different air injectors (14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, 14-5, 14-6, 14-7, 14-8, 14-9 and 14-10) emit the respective air flows in substantially horizontal direction (2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 2-9 and 2-10), of such that, for example, the air flow 2-1 of the air injector 14-1 is oriented towards an intermediate position between the air injectors 14-5 and 14-6. In the same way, the air flow 2-2 of the air injector 14-2 is oriented towards an intermediate position between the injectors 14-6 and 14-7, and so on with each air flow of each injector. This orientation of the air flows is what causes the rotational air flow. Also, as it is a specific embodiment that contemplates only the possibility of using gaseous or liquid fuels, without holding plate (53), the fuel injection has been drawn gaseous or liquid (5-1, 5-2 and 5-3) in a substantially horizontal direction and contributing to the rotational sense of the air flows. Only the numerical references of the fuel injection (5-1, 5-2 and 5-3) of three of the fuel injectors have been indicated so that the figure does not lose clarity, but it is understood that each fuel injector emerges its fuel injection in a substantially horizontal direction.

Figure 22 shows the diagram of the air intake assembly to the pressurized air chamber (26). In said figure only one fan (63) is shown, however, as already mentioned, the invention admits a larger number of fans.

Figure 23 shows a sliding sheet (55) which is used to close and / or open the air intake to the fan, in this way a preferred way of regulating said intake is achieved.

Figure 21 shows a top view of the distribution of air flows in the upper area of the apparatus, ie at the outlet of the combustion chamber. The figure represents a preferred embodiment, that is to say the one that involves the thermal insulation system formed by the two concentric cylinders (22 and 28) with the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber and said structure is applicable to fuel in any state physical. Thus, in said figure it can be seen that from the central air area (6) of the last combustion disk (3) of the combustion flame towards the exterior, five zones can be defined that will be at different temperatures. The different zones, from the inside and towards the outside, that is to say ordered according to decreasing temperature gradient, are:

- the central zone (6) of air,

- the area of the last combustion disc (3), - the area of the air flow in substantially vertical direction (15), emerging from the air injectors (14),

- the area of the air flow (32) circulating through the gap (23) between the cylinder forming the combustion chamber (9) and the third cylinder (22), and

- the area of the air flow (35) circulating through the gap (34) between the third cylinder (22) and the fourth cylinder (28). The heat generating and transmitting apparatus described by the present invention, in any of its embodiments, provides that a heat receiver (41) is disposed thereon, at the outlet of the combustion chamber and separated by a space (40). ). Furthermore, it has been shown that the bottom of the heat receiver (41) should preferably be flat.

A preferred embodiment, regardless of the physical state of the fuel to be used, contemplates placing a mound (56) as illustrated in Figure 17 between the different concentric cylinders, to ensure the concentricity of the cylinders (9, 22 and 28) . Alternatively, the mound (56) can be replaced by a bending (57) of the walls of the cylinders (9, 22 and 28). Also in said preferred embodiment a support (58) for the heat receiver (41) is placed.

Claims

Heat generating and transmitting apparatus comprising at least: a cylindrical combustion chamber (9) divided into a lower section (11) and a upper section (12) of variable height, a pressurized air chamber (26) which it is arranged below the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber (9), and a plurality of air injectors (14), characterized in that: the air injectors (14) are disposed resting on a flat ring (43) forming the upper part of the pressurized air chamber (26) and embedded in a second flat ring (52) disposed in contact with the lower end of the cylinder (9) forming the combustion chamber; said first flat ring (43) has holes (59 and 60) of at least two different diameters on its surface, and because it also comprises: a replaceable set of parts (A) disposed in the free center of the flat rings (43 and 52) ), at the lower end of the lower section (11) of the combustion chamber (9) and joined to the second flat ring (52) by means of an expansion joint (54); said replaceable set of parts (A) comprises at least one central air injector (16) arranged in the geometric center of the set of pieces (A), the rest of its configuration being a function of the physical state of the fuel to be used, and at least a fan (63).

2. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air chamber a pressure (26) is constituted by a second cylinder (42) and supplies pressurized air (18) to the plurality of air injectors (14) and to the central air injector (16) included in the assembly of parts (A).

3. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat ring (43) forming the upper part of the pressurized air chamber (26) further comprises a vertical skirt (51) with finish, in its part superior, in the form of a crown.

4. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each air injector (14) has a lateral opening (14a) and an upper opening (14b), so that the lateral opening (14a) allows to inject flows of air in a substantially horizontal direction (2) and the upper opening (14b) allows injecting air flows in a substantially vertical direction (15), while the central air injector (16) injects an air flow in a substantially vertical direction (17) , in such a way that the combined action of all the air flows (2, 15 and 17) produces an ascending rotational air flow inside the combustion chamber.

5. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that each air injector (14) has, in its lateral opening (14a), a nozzle (47) for air outlet.

6. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the two sections (11 and 12) of the cylinder (9) forming the combustion chamber are formed by the interposition of a third flat ring (10) divider.

7. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that pressure relief holes (21) are provided in the upper section (12) of the cylinder (9).

8. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second flat ring (52) is fixed by fastening means (46) of the style of a bolt, bolt or screw arranged so that they are interposed between the injectors of air (14).

9. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the replaceable assembly (A) further comprises: a flat disc (13) joined to the second flat ring (52) by means of the expansion joint (54) , and a second flat disk (44), parallel to the previous one, resting on the flat ring (43); in such a way that the central air injector (16) is embedded between both flat discs (13 and 44), in its geometric center.

10. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of openings are provided in the geometric center of the second flat disc (44), around and in circular distribution concentric with the central air injector (16). 16 ') through which pressurized air (18) comes from the pressurized air chamber (26), which, by striking against the flat disk (13), contributes to its cooling and, given the crown-shaped finish the upper part of the vertical skirt (51) continues with a substantially horizontal trajectory (31) until it leaves the pressurized air chamber (26).

11. The heat generator and transmitter apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that when the fuel to be used is gaseous or liquid, the replaceable part set (A) further comprises a plurality of fuel injectors (19) disposed resting on the second flat disc. (44) and passed through the first flat disc (13) by means of holes that are made in said flat disc (13), - a fuel distributor (30) whose upper part forms the second flat disc (44), and a fuel supply pipe (29) to the distributor.

12. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that when the fuel to be used is liquid, the replaceable parts set (A) further comprises a liquid fuel retention plate (53) and the fuel distributor (30). ) varies its configuration in such a way that the fuel supply includes a substantially horizontal and parallel path (20 ') to the first flat disc (13) before the fuel reaches the fuel injector (19).

13. The heat generator and transmitter apparatus according to claim 4, 11 or 12, characterized in that the fuel injectors (19) have a lateral opening such that the injection of fuel in the gaseous or liquid state is carried out following a substantially horizontal direction (5), so as to contribute to the rotational sense of the air flows (2, 15 and 17), and the fuel injectors (19) are fed by its lower part (20).

14. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a third cylinder (22) is provided, concentric with the cylinder (9) forming the combustion chamber, which is arranged separated from it by a space (23) at its lower end flows an air flow (24) fed by the pressurized air (18) coming from the pressurized air chamber (26).

15. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claims 10 and 14, characterized in that the air flow (24) circulating through the lower end of the space

(23) of separation between the cylinder (9) that forms the combustion chamber and the third cylinder (22) is incorporated, in addition, the air flow in substantially horizontal direction (31), coming from the vertical skirt (51) and together they form an air flow (32) that is directed towards the upper end of the cylinders (9 and

22), towards an exit (33).

16. Heat generating and heat transmitting apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that in the upper section (12) of the cylinder (9) pressure relief holes (21) are provided and in the third cylinder (22) holes are provided pressure relief (25) aligned with the pressure relief holes (21) of the cylinder (9) that makes up the combustion chamber; furthermore, a fourth flat ring (37) is placed on the upper edge of the third cylinder (22).

17. Heat generator and transmitter apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that a fourth cylinder (28) is provided, concentric with the previous cylinders (9 and 22), which is arranged separately from the latter by a space (34) where a flow of air (35) flows through the pressurized air (18) of the air chamber under pressure (26); said air flow (35) is directed towards the upper end of the cylinders (22 and 28), towards a second outlet (36).

18. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that in the fourth cylinder (28) there are also provided pressure relief holes (27) aligned with the pressure relief holes (21 and 25) of the previous cylinders (9 and 22) and the second outlet (36) of said fourth cylinder (28) is defined by a fifth flat ring (38) which is placed on the upper edge of the fourth cylinder (28) and which has on its outer edge a ring (39), together with the outer edge of the fourth flat ring (37) of the upper edge of the third cylinder (22).

Heat generator and transmitter apparatus according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a sixth flat ring (45) is also provided on the upper end of the cylinder (42) forming the pressurized air chamber (26) , in said flat ring (45) the fourth cylinder (28) is supported, the flat ring (45) being fixed to the cylinder (28) by conventional fastening means.

20. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one fan (63) further comprises a sliding sheet so as to open or close the air intake to the fan

(63).

21. Heat generating and transmitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat receiver (41) is placed on it, separated by a space (40).

22. Flame of combustion obtained within the generating and heat transfer apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of combustion discs (3), formed by combustion gases, separated by air discs (4) formed by the air flows (2, 15 and 17) that are supplied for oxidation of the fuel and the supply of air is carried out in such a way that it confers rotation to the flame, in such a way that it takes the form of a pulsating vortex with central areas of air (6), continuity sections (7) between the combustion discs (3) and terminations (8).

23. The combustion flame according to claim 22, characterized in that each of the combustion gas discs (3) has an outer surface that defines an oxidation surface, such that it is defined as the total surface of oxidation of the flame. of combustion to the sum of all the oxidation surfaces of each of the combustion gas disks (3) present in said flame.