WO2010035607A1 - 映像表示装置、ヘッドマウントディスプレイおよびヘッドアップディスプレイ - Google Patents
映像表示装置、ヘッドマウントディスプレイおよびヘッドアップディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010035607A1 WO2010035607A1 PCT/JP2009/064995 JP2009064995W WO2010035607A1 WO 2010035607 A1 WO2010035607 A1 WO 2010035607A1 JP 2009064995 W JP2009064995 W JP 2009064995W WO 2010035607 A1 WO2010035607 A1 WO 2010035607A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
- G02B2027/0154—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
Definitions
- the present invention includes an image display device that guides image light from an image generation unit to an optical pupil of an eyepiece optical system, thereby allowing an observer to observe a virtual image of the image at the position of the optical pupil, and the image display device.
- the present invention relates to a head mounted display (hereinafter also referred to as HMD) and a head-up display (hereinafter also referred to as HUD).
- HMD head mounted display
- HUD head-up display
- an observer In an image display apparatus in which laser light is reflected by a reflecting surface of a deflecting means and deflected and scanned in two dimensions, and an observer observes an image (virtual image) via an eyepiece optical system, the observer Recognize video by entering the retina (so-called Maxwellian vision). Therefore, if the observer's pupil position deviates vertically and horizontally from the position of the optical pupil formed by the eyepiece optical system, the image light beam does not enter the retina, and the observer cannot observe the image.
- the optical pupil is widened by arranging a diffusion plate in the optical path.
- the image light can be guided to the retina, and the observer can observe the image.
- Patent Document 1 there is no mention of the optical positional relationship between the optical pupil and the scanning system surface (the reflecting surface of the deflecting means), and the quality of the observed image may deteriorate. For example, if the optical pupil is at a position deviated from the position conjugate with the reflecting surface of the deflecting means, the light use efficiency decreases and the image to be observed becomes dark or a part of the image light enters the observer's pupil. If you do not, a part of the video may be missing.
- the positional relationship between the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting unit is optically conjugated unless a long distance between the reflecting surface of the deflecting unit and the diffusing plate is secured.
- the image generation unit having the laser light source, the deflecting unit, and the diffusion plate is increased in size.
- the diopter of the virtual image that is, from the optical pupil. It is possible to adjust the display distance of the virtual image.
- various effects can be given to the observer. For example, in a head-up display, when the character of “Caution” is displayed as a virtual image and the observer observes it, the visibility of the virtual image is increased by gradually adjusting the character of “Caution” by diopter adjustment. In this example, the effect of calling attention can be enhanced.
- Patent Document 1 there is no mention of the optical positional relationship between the optical pupil and the scanning system surface (reflecting surface of the deflecting means), so the video generation unit is moved to adjust the diopter of the virtual image.
- the quality of the image to be observed may deteriorate.
- the optical pupil is at a position deviated from the position conjugate with the reflecting surface of the deflecting unit by adjusting the diopter of the virtual image, the light use efficiency decreases and the image to be observed becomes dark or the image generation unit
- the state of the light beam from the diffuser plate toward the hologram combiner of the eyepiece optical system changes.
- the observer's pupil position is slightly shifted, a part of the image is lost or luminance unevenness occurs in the screen.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a video display device that can obtain the effect without increasing the size of the video generation unit, and an HMD and HUD including the video display device.
- Another object of the present invention is to appropriately maintain the optical positional relationship between the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting means when adjusting the diopter of the virtual image.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a video display device capable of avoiding deterioration in quality, and an HMD and HUD including the video display device.
- the video display device of the present invention is a video display device that allows an observer to observe a virtual image of the video at the position of the optical pupil by guiding the video light from the video generation unit to the optical pupil of the eyepiece optical system.
- the image generation unit is disposed on the image surface of the eyepiece optical system, a laser light source, a deflection unit that deflects and scans laser light emitted from the laser light source in two scanning directions orthogonal to each other by a reflecting surface.
- diffusing means for diffusing the laser light deflected by the deflecting means, and the eyepiece optical system diffracts and reflects the image light from the image generating section and guides it to the optical pupil.
- a volume phase type reflective holographic optical element as a combiner for transmitting external light to the optical pupil, and the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting means are optically conjugate.
- the scanning direction corresponding to the horizontal direction of the image observed by the optical pupil is the first scanning direction
- the scanning direction corresponding to the vertical direction of the image is the second scanning direction.
- ⁇ sx Scanning angle of the laser beam incident on the diffusing unit in the first scanning direction with respect to the optical axis
- ⁇ sy Scanning angle of the laser beam incident on the diffusing unit in the second scanning direction with respect to the optical axis
- ⁇ dx Diffusing unit Of the diffused light emitted from the scanning position corresponding to ⁇ sx in the first scanning direction relative to the optical axis
- ⁇ dy the central light of the diffused light emitted from the scanning position corresponding to ⁇ sy in the diffusing means The emission angle in the second scanning direction with respect to the optical axis.
- the diffusing unit may be configured so that when the diffused laser beam is incident on the holographic optical element, the holographic optical element can obtain a diffraction efficiency of 50% or more. It is desirable to diffuse the laser beam deflected by the means.
- the diffusing unit may diffuse the laser light at different diffusion angles in the first scanning direction and the second scanning direction.
- the diffusing means may be composed of a single diffusing plate.
- the diffusion plate is composed of a volume phase type holographic optical element.
- the holographic optical element constituting the diffusion plate is of a reflective type.
- the diffusing means may be composed of a lens and a diffusing plate.
- the diffusing means may be configured by forming a diffusing surface on the surface of the Fresnel lens.
- the image display device of the present invention may be configured to further include an optical element provided in the optical path between the diffusing unit and the deflecting unit and having negative power.
- the video display device of the present invention may be configured to further satisfy the following conditional expressions (3), (4), and (5). That is, ⁇ sx_max> 10 °, ⁇ sy_max> 10 ° (3) 1.03 ⁇ cos ( ⁇ dx_max) / cos ( ⁇ sx_max) ⁇ 1.15 (4) 1.03 ⁇ cos ( ⁇ dy_max) / cos ( ⁇ sy_max) ⁇ 1.15 (5)
- ⁇ sx_max Maximum value of ⁇ sx ⁇ sy_max: Maximum value of ⁇ sy ⁇ dx_max: Maximum value of ⁇ dx ⁇ dy_max: Maximum value of ⁇ dy.
- the video display device of the present invention is a video display device that allows an observer to observe a virtual image of the video at the position of the optical pupil by guiding the video light from the video generation unit to the optical pupil of the eyepiece optical system.
- the image generation unit is disposed on the image surface of the eyepiece optical system, a laser light source, a deflection unit that deflects and scans laser light emitted from the laser light source in two scanning directions orthogonal to each other by a reflecting surface.
- a diffusing plate for diffusing the laser light deflected by the deflecting means, and the eyepiece optical system diffracts and reflects the image light from the image generation unit and guides it to the optical pupil.
- Optical axis connecting light the video display device is disposed in the optical path of the video light and virtual image diopter adjustment means for adjusting the diopter of the virtual image by moving the video generation unit along the optical axis.
- a correction lens; and a correction lens moving unit that moves the correction lens along the optical axis.
- the correction lens moving unit is configured to move the image generation unit by the virtual image diopter adjustment unit.
- the correction lens is moved while maintaining the optically conjugate positional relationship between the pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting means.
- the correction lens is disposed between the deflecting unit and the diffusion plate.
- the video display device of the present invention is a video display device that allows an observer to observe a virtual image of the video at the position of the optical pupil by guiding the video light from the video generation unit to the optical pupil of the eyepiece optical system.
- the image generation unit is disposed on the image plane of the eyepiece optical system, the laser light source, the deflecting means for deflecting the laser light emitted from the laser light source in two scanning directions orthogonal to each other by the reflection surface.
- a diffusion plate for diffusing the laser light deflected by the deflecting means, and the eyepiece optical system diffracts and reflects the image light from the image generation unit and guides it to the optical pupil It has a volume phase type reflective holographic optical element as a combiner that transmits external light and guides it to the optical pupil, and optically controls the scanning center on the reflecting surface of the deflecting means and the center of the optical pupil.
- the optical axis is the optical axis
- the video display device moves the video generation unit along the optical axis to adjust the diopter of the virtual image between the virtual image diopter adjustment unit, the deflection unit, and the diffusion plate.
- the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting means are in an optically conjugate positional relationship, and the eyepiece optical system is a telecentric optical system. .
- the diffusing plate may be configured so that the holographic optical element has a diffraction efficiency of 50% or more when the diffused laser light is incident on the holographic optical element. It is desirable to diffuse the laser beam deflected by the means.
- the scanning direction corresponding to the horizontal direction of the image observed at the optical pupil is a first scanning direction
- scanning corresponding to the vertical direction of the video is performed.
- the diffusion plate may diffuse the laser light at different diffusion angles in the first scanning direction and the second scanning direction.
- the diffusion angle of the laser light on the diffusion plate may be larger in the first scanning direction than in the second scanning direction.
- the image display device of the present invention may be configured to further include an angle-of-view adjustment unit that changes the angle of view of the observation image independently of the diopter adjustment by the virtual image diopter adjustment unit.
- the holographic optical element as the combiner has a positive power.
- the incident angle and the diffraction angle of the holographic optical element are different from each other in an incident plane including the optical axis of incident light and the optical axis of reflected light of the holographic optical element as the combiner. It is desirable that
- the head-mounted display of the present invention may have a configuration including the above-described video display device of the present invention and support means for supporting the video display device in front of the observer's eyes.
- the head-up display of the present invention may be configured to include the above-described video display device of the present invention, and a holographic optical element as a combiner of the video display device held by a windshield.
- the light emitted from the laser light source of the image generation unit is deflected in two scanning directions by the reflecting surface of the deflecting means (for example, a MEMS mirror), and then the holographic optical element (hereinafter referred to as an eyepiece optical system). , Also referred to as HOE) and guided to the optical pupil.
- the deflecting means for example, a MEMS mirror
- HOE holographic optical element
- the observer's pupil is positioned at the position of the optical pupil by two-dimensional deflection scanning by the deflecting means, each one of the deflected light beams is guided to the retina so that the observer can obtain a two-dimensional image. Can be observed as a virtual image.
- the external light passes through the HOE and is guided to the optical pupil, the observer can observe the video and the external image at the same time.
- the image generation unit since the light deflected by the deflecting unit is diffused by the diffusing unit, the optical pupil is widened, and even if the observer's pupil position is shifted vertically and horizontally within the plane of the optical pupil. The observer can observe the video.
- the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting means are in an optically conjugate positional relationship, it is possible to avoid deterioration in the quality of the observed image.
- the use efficiency of the light supplied from the image generation unit can be improved by the conjugate relationship, and the observer can observe a bright image at the position of the optical pupil.
- the image light from the entire screen area can be incident on the observer's pupil, and if it is in the plane of the optical pupil At any position, the observer can observe the entire video well (without partial missing).
- a volume phase type reflection type HOE only diffracts and reflects light incident in a predetermined incident angle range, and it is difficult to obtain a bright image. Therefore, it is difficult to improve the light utilization efficiency by satisfying the above conjugate relationship.
- the configuration using the above HOE as a combiner as in the present invention it is very effective.
- the diffusing unit has positive power by satisfying the conditional expression, even if the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting unit are set in a conjugate positional relationship, the reflecting surface and the diffusing surface are diffused.
- the distance to the means can be shortened. Therefore, the above-described effects can be obtained by realizing the above conjugate relationship without increasing the size of the video generation unit.
- the correction lens moving unit moves the correction lens.
- the use efficiency of the light supplied from the image generation unit can be improved by the above conjugate relationship, so that the observer can observe a bright image at the position of the optical pupil regardless of the diopter of the virtual image.
- a volume phase type reflection type HOE only diffracts and reflects light incident in a predetermined incident angle range, and it is difficult to obtain a bright image. Therefore, it is difficult to improve the light utilization efficiency by satisfying the above conjugate relationship. In the configuration using the above HOE as a combiner as in the present invention, it is very effective.
- the principal ray diffracted by the HOE and emitted from each image height passes through one point (the same point) in the optical pupil plane regardless of the diopter of the virtual image. Therefore, even if the observer's pupil is deviated in the plane of the optical pupil, the image light from the entire screen area can be incident on the observer's pupil, and the observer can see the entire image well (partially missing). Or brightness unevenness).
- the above effect can be obtained even when the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting means are in an optically conjugate positional relationship and the eyepiece optical system is a telecentric optical system.
- the eyepiece optical system is a telecentric optical system
- the optical pupil and the reflecting surface of the deflecting unit do not have to be moved along the optical axis.
- An optical conjugate relationship can be maintained. Thereby, regardless of the diopter of the virtual image, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of the quality of the observation video.
- (B) is explanatory drawing which shows an optical path in case the central ray after the diffusion in the said diffusion unit becomes parallel. It is explanatory drawing which shows the optical path in case the central ray after the diffusion in the said diffusion unit condenses. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the manufacturing optical system which produces the diffusion plate which comprises the said diffusion unit. It is a graph which shows the angle characteristic of the diffraction efficiency of HOE as said combiner. It is sectional drawing which shows the other structure of the said video display apparatus, Comprising: The other structure of the said spreading
- it is explanatory drawing which shows typically the optical path of video light when a virtual image distance is infinite and when it is finite.
- It is a perspective view which shows typically the light diffused by the diffusion plate of the said video display apparatus.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the HMD according to the present embodiment.
- the HMD includes a video display device 1 and a support member 2.
- the video display device 1 generates a video and provides it to the observer as a virtual image, and also allows the observer to observe the external image in a see-through manner.
- the video display device 1 is configured by integrating an eyepiece optical system 4 with a housing 3 that houses a video generation unit 11 (see FIG. 1) described later. Signals and driving power for controlling each part (for example, the laser light source 12 and the deflecting device 13 shown in FIG. 1) of the video generation unit 11 are supplied to each part via the cable 5 penetrating the housing 3.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 has a shape like one lens of a pair of glasses (lens for right eye in FIG. 2) as a whole.
- the lens 6 corresponding to the left eye lens of the spectacles is a dummy lens.
- the support member 2 is a support means for supporting the video display device 1 in front of the observer's eyes, and is composed of a set of members corresponding to, for example, a frame of glasses and a temple. By fixing the support member 2 to the observer's head, the image display device 1 is accurately held at a position in front of the viewer's eyes, and the observer can extend the image provided from the image display device 1 in a hands-free manner. It can be observed stably for a long time.
- the support member 2 supports one image display device 1 corresponding to the right eye of the observer, but two image display devices corresponding to the eyes of the observer. 1 may be supported.
- the support member 2 has a fixing mechanism 7.
- the fixing mechanism 7 adjusts the position of the optical pupil (exit pupil) formed by the eyepiece optical system 4 to the position of the observer's pupil (pupil, iris), and then performs eyepiece optics on the observer's head.
- It is a fixing means for fixing the relative position of the system 4, and is configured to have a right nose pad 7R and a left nose pad 7L that can move in contact with the nose of the observer, and a lock portion for locking them. . Since the support means 2 has the fixing mechanism 7, after the position of the optical pupil is adjusted, the observer can observe a good image reliably and stably over a long period of time at the position of the optical pupil. it can.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the video display device 1.
- the video display device 1 includes a video generation unit 11 and the above-described eyepiece optical system 4, and receives video light from the video generation unit 11 via the eyepiece optical system 4.
- the observer observes the virtual image of the video at the position of the optical pupil E. This will be specifically described below.
- 1 may be referred to as a video display device 1a for convenience.
- the image generation unit 11 generates an image to be observed by an observer, and includes a laser light source 12, a deflecting device 13, and a diffusion unit 14.
- the laser light source 12 emits a monochromatic laser beam, for example.
- the deflecting device 13 is a deflecting unit that deflects and scans the laser light emitted from the laser light source 12 in two scanning directions orthogonal to each other by the reflecting surface 13a.
- the incident light is deflected two-dimensionally. It consists of a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror that scans. In the MEMS mirror, incident light is deflected and scanned two-dimensionally by rotating the reflecting surface 13a by a small angle around two axes orthogonal to each other. At this time, the incident light is reflected at one point on the reflecting surface 13a. (Incident light is reflected at the center of rotation of the reflecting surface 13a).
- MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
- the deflecting device 13 may be configured to deflect and scan in two dimensions by reflecting incident laser light with separate mirrors (reflecting surfaces) in each of two scanning directions orthogonal to each other. In this case, virtually all scanning rays are reflected as if they were reflected at one point. One virtual point (virtual point of reflection) is located on the optical axis described later.
- the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 (particularly the point at which the light reflected by the reflecting surface 13a is emitted) is optically conjugate with the optical pupil E (see, for example, the solid line optical path in FIG. 1).
- Optically conjugate means a state in which each principal ray (light ray having the highest energy intensity at each scanning angle) reflected at one point of the deflecting means passes through one point (the same point) on the optical pupil plane. . That is, each principal ray emitted from one point on the reflecting surface 13a passes through one point (same point) in the plane of the optical pupil E even if it is diffused by the diffusing unit 14.
- each of the principal rays reaches one point on the optical pupil plane at different times and is not condensed at one point at the same time, but for convenience of explanation.
- a state that appears to be focused on one point at the same time may be expressed as focused light.
- the diffusing unit 14 is a diffusing unit that is arranged on the image plane of the eyepiece optical system 4 and diffuses the laser light deflected by the deflecting device 13, and in the present embodiment, is constituted by a single diffusing plate 14a. .
- the diffusing unit 14 (here, the diffusing plate 14a) has a positive power, which will be described later.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 is an optical system that guides the image light from the image generator 11 to the optical pupil E and guides the light of the outside world (external light) to the optical pupil E.
- the direction is defined as follows. First, an axis optically connecting the scanning center on the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 and the center of the optical pupil E is defined as the optical axis, and the optical axis direction is defined as the Z direction.
- a direction perpendicular to the incident surface of the HOE 23 is taken as an X direction, and a direction perpendicular to the ZX plane is taken as a Y direction.
- the incident surface of the HOE 23 refers to a plane including the optical axis of incident light and the optical axis of reflected light with respect to the HOE 23, that is, the YZ plane.
- the central ray of the light bundle at the scanning center travels on the optical axis.
- the scanning direction corresponding to the horizontal direction of the image observed by the optical pupil E is defined as the first scanning direction, and If the scanning direction corresponding to the vertical direction of the image is the second scanning direction, the first scanning direction corresponds to the X direction and the second scanning direction corresponds to the Y direction.
- the eyepiece prism 21 is a light guide member that totally reflects the image light from the image generation unit 11 and guides it to the HOE 23.
- the eyepiece prism 21 is composed of, for example, an acrylic resin together with the deflection prism 22.
- the eyepiece prism 21 has a shape in which the upper end of the parallel plate is thickened and the lower end is wedge-shaped.
- the upper end surface of the eyepiece prism 21 is a surface 21a as an incident surface for image light, and the two surfaces positioned in the front-rear direction are surfaces 21b and 21c parallel to each other.
- the deflecting prism 22 is configured by a substantially U-shaped parallel plate in plan view (see FIG. 2), and when the deflecting prism 22 is bonded to the lower end portion and both side surface portions (left and right end surfaces) of the eyepiece prism 21, the eyepiece prism. 21 is a substantially parallel flat plate.
- the deflection prism 22 is provided by being bonded to the eyepiece prism 21 so as to sandwich the HOE 23 therebetween. Thereby, distortion can be prevented from occurring in the external image observed by the observer through the eyepiece prism 21.
- the deflecting prism 22 when the deflecting prism 22 is not provided, the external light is refracted when passing through the wedge-shaped lower end portion of the eyepiece prism 21, so that the external field image observed through the eyepiece prism 21 is distorted.
- the deflection prism 22 is joined to the eyepiece prism 21 to form an integral substantially parallel flat plate, so that the deflection when the external light passes through the wedge-shaped lower end of the eyepiece prism 21 is canceled by the deflection prism 22. Can do. As a result, it is possible to prevent distortion in the external image observed through the see-through.
- the HOE 23 is a volume phase type reflection-type holographic optical element as a combiner that diffracts and reflects the image light from the image generation unit 11 and guides it to the optical pupil E, and at the same time transmits external light to the optical pupil E.
- the eyepiece prism 21 is provided on the joint surface with the deflection prism 22.
- the HOE 23 has an axially asymmetric positive power and has the same function as an aspherical concave mirror having a positive power. Thereby, the degree of freedom of arrangement of each optical member constituting the apparatus can be increased, and the apparatus can be easily reduced in size, and an image with good aberration correction can be provided to the observer.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the HOE 23.
- the incident angle a and the diffraction angle b of the image light in the HOE 23 are different.
- image light incident on the HOE 23 at an incident angle of 25 degrees within the incident plane is diffracted and reflected at a diffraction angle of 30 degrees. Since the incident angle “a” and the diffraction angle “b” are different from each other in this manner, it is possible to separate the 0th-order light and the regular diffracted light that are regularly reflected by the HOE 23, and the 0th-order light becomes a ghost image at the position of the optical pupil E Can be avoided.
- Laser light (collimated) emitted from the laser light source 12 of the image generation unit 11 is two-dimensionally deflected and scanned by the reflecting surface 13 a of the deflecting device 13.
- the control unit (not shown) modulates the intensity of the laser beam in accordance with the video data, and deflects and scans the laser beam with the deflecting device 13 in synchronization with the intensity modulation.
- An image (primary image) can be projected on the diffusion unit 14 (diffusion plate 14a) arranged on the surface.
- the projected image light is diffused by the diffusion unit 14 into divergent light having a predetermined diffusion angle, and then enters the eyepiece prism 21 of the eyepiece optical system 4 through the surface 21a.
- the image light incident on the eyepiece prism 21 is totally reflected on the surface 21b on the viewer side of the eyepiece prism 21, and then totally reflected again on the surface 21c facing the eyepiece prism 21, and again totally reflected on the surface 21b and reaches the HOE 23.
- the HOE 23 is fabricated so as to diffract only the wavelength of the laser beam from the laser light source 12 and the wavelength in the vicinity thereof, and the light of other wavelengths passes through the HOE 23. Therefore, the image light that has reached the HOE 23 is diffracted and reflected by the HOE 23, and then passes through the surface 21 b of the eyepiece prism 21 to reach the optical pupil E.
- each of the light beams deflected by the deflecting device 13 is guided to the observer's retina, so that the observer can enter the video generation unit 11.
- the enlarged virtual image of the two-dimensional image generated in this way can be observed forward.
- the observer since light having a wavelength different from that of the laser light included in the external light passes through the HOE 23, the observer can naturally observe not only the above-described image but also an external image.
- the video display device 1 of the present invention uses the laser light source 12 that emits high-intensity laser light as the light source, and uses the volume phase type and reflective HOE 23 with high wavelength selectivity as the combiner. Therefore, an observer can observe a high-contrast image having good see-through property.
- the light after deflection by the deflecting device 13 is diffused by the diffusion unit 14, so that the optical pupil E can be expanded in both the X direction and the Y direction.
- an optical pupil E having a predetermined area can be obtained (because the observable position is not a single point), even if the position of the observer's pupil P is shifted vertically and horizontally in the plane of the optical pupil E, observation is performed. The person can observe a good image.
- the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 are apparently optically conjugate (even if the diffusing unit 14 is disposed), the deterioration of the quality of the image to be observed is avoided. can do. That is, the use efficiency of the light supplied from the video generation unit 11 can be improved by the conjugate relationship, and the observer can observe a bright video at the position of the optical pupil E. When the conjugate relationship is broken, a part of the image light may not enter the observer's pupil P, so that a part of the image may be lost or uneven brightness may occur in the screen.
- the volume phase type reflection type HOE 23 only diffracts and reflects light incident in a predetermined incident angle range, and it is difficult to obtain a bright image. Therefore, it is possible to satisfy the above conjugate relationship and improve the light utilization efficiency. This is very effective in the configuration using the HOE 23 as a combiner as in the present invention.
- the center light of the diffused light or the light bundle refers to a light ray (chief ray) having the highest energy intensity in the diffused light or the light bundle (hereinafter, the same definition).
- the diffusion angle refers to an angle at which light (light bundle) emitted from one point spreads.
- FIG. 4A shows an optical path when a general diffusing plate 101 is used as a diffusing means for diffusing the laser light deflected by the deflecting device 13.
- a general diffusion plate 101 diffuses a light beam incident on the diffusion plate 101 at a predetermined diffusion angle ⁇ and emits the light.
- the central light beam of the diffused light emitted from each scanning position of the diffusion plate 101 has an incident angle and It is injected at almost the same angle.
- FIG. 4B shows an optical path when the diffusing unit 14 of the present embodiment is used as the diffusing means.
- the diffusing unit 14 is deflected by the deflecting device 13 so as to satisfy the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) for all scanning positions except the scanning center of the scanning range by the deflecting device 13. Diffuse laser light.
- ⁇ sy scanning angle in the Y direction with respect to the optical axis Z of the laser beam incident on the diffusion means (°)
- ⁇ dx the emission angle (°) in the X direction with respect to the optical axis Z of the central ray of the diffused light emitted from the scanning position corresponding to ⁇ sx in the diffusing means
- shaft in the same figure (a) (b) shows an optical axis.
- ⁇ s in FIGS. 6A and 6B is a general term for ⁇ sx and ⁇ sy. However, when the optical path diagram indicates the ZX plane, ⁇ sx is indicated, and when the optical path diagram indicates the YZ plane. Indicates ⁇ sy.
- the central ray of the light beam after diffusion by the diffusion unit 14 is equal to the incident angle for any light beam emitted from any scanning position of the diffusion unit 14. It is deflected and ejected to different desired angles. That is, the central ray of the light bundle emitted from each scanning position in the diffusion unit 14 is deflected by the diffusion unit 14 so as to be directed to the optical pupil E of the eyepiece optical system 4 determined at the time of design. At this time, the diffusing unit 14 may deflect the laser light from the deflecting device 13 so that the optical path shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and FIG. 6 is obtained.
- FIG. 5 (a) and 5 (b) show optical path diagrams when the central ray after diffusion in the diffusion unit 14 diverges and becomes parallel, respectively.
- FIG. 6 shows an optical path diagram when the central ray is condensed.
- the diffusing unit 14 is arranged so that the central beam of the beam bundle deflected by the deflecting device 13 and emitted from each scanning position becomes a light beam that diverges from approximately one point P.
- the laser beam from 13 may be deflected.
- the divergence point can be considered as a position at infinity as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the diffusing unit 14 is supplied from the deflecting device 13 so that the central ray of the light beam deflected by the deflecting device 13 and emitted from each scanning position is condensed at a substantially single point Q.
- the laser light may be deflected.
- the diffusing unit 14 has a positive power, so the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface of the deflecting device 13
- the distance between the reflecting surface 13a and the diffusing unit 14 can be shortened even if the positional relationship is conjugated with 13a. Therefore, the conjugate relationship can be realized without increasing the size of the video generation unit 11, and the deterioration of the quality of the observation video can be avoided.
- the diffusion unit 14 described above can be configured by a single diffusion plate 14a as shown in FIG.
- the diffusion plate 14a is made of, for example, a volume phase type transmission type HOE.
- the transmission type HOE the reference light and the object light are incident on the substrate coated (or bonded) with the hologram photosensitive material from the same direction to interfere with each other, and the interference fringes are used as the refractive index modulation to make the hologram photosensitive material. It can be produced by recording on.
- the hologram photosensitive material for example, a photopolymer, a silver salt emulsion, gelatin dichromate, and bacteriorhodopsin can be used. Among them, it is desirable to use a photopolymer that can easily produce HOE23 by a dry process. .
- a method for producing the diffusion plate 14a made of transmissive HOE will be specifically described.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a configuration of a production optical system for producing a diffusion plate 14a made of transmissive HOE.
- a hologram substrate 51 having a hologram photosensitive material formed on a substrate is placed in the optical path.
- the reference light is once condensed by the condensing lens 61 to be divergent light diverging at a divergent angle ⁇ a (°), and the divergent light is reflected by the prism combiner 62 and applied to the hologram substrate 51.
- the divergence angle ⁇ a corresponds to 2 ⁇ ⁇ s_max.
- the object light is incident on the prism combiner 62 through the diffuser plate 63 and the relay lens 64, is transmitted therethrough, and is irradiated onto the hologram substrate 51.
- the diffusion angle of the diffused light emitted from each position of the diffusion plate 63 is ⁇ (°)
- the central ray of the diffused light from each position passes through the center of the relay lens 64, respectively.
- a double angle formed by the outermost central ray among the central rays of the diffused light from each position of the diffusion plate 63 and the optical axis of the relay lens 64 is ⁇ b (°)
- the angle ⁇ b corresponds to 2 ⁇ ⁇ d_max, where ⁇ d_max (°) is the maximum emission angle of the central ray of the laser beam emitted from the optical axis.
- a diffusing plate 14a made of transmissive HOE is obtained. Can do.
- the configuration of the video generation unit 11 can be simplified by configuring the diffusion unit 14 with the diffusion plate 14a thus manufactured, that is, configuring the diffusion means with one diffusion plate 14a.
- the arrangement of the lens is provided in order to avoid interference with other members. Is not restricted, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased.
- the diffusion angle ⁇ of the diffusion unit 14 is set in consideration of the angle characteristics of the diffraction efficiency of the HOE 23 that is a combiner.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the angular characteristics of the diffraction efficiency of the volume phase type and reflective type HOE 23.
- the HOE 23 is manufactured so that the diffraction efficiency is maximized when the laser light is incident on the HOE 23 at an incident angle of 25 degrees, and the diffracted and reflected laser light is emitted at an exit angle of 30 degrees.
- the hologram photosensitive material (HOE23) has a refractive index of 1.5 and a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- the reflection type HOE 23 forms a hologram photosensitive material (for example, a photopolymer) on the eyepiece prism 21 and then irradiates the hologram photosensitive material with two light beams from the eyepiece prism 21 side and the opposite side, thereby interfering with the two light beams. It is produced by recording fringes on a hologram photosensitive material.
- the refractive index modulation ⁇ n takes a value of about 0.01 to 0.13.
- FIG. 8 shows the angle characteristics of the diffraction efficiency of the reflective HOE 23 having a typical refractive index modulation ⁇ n.
- the diffractive index modulation ⁇ n of the HOE 23 is 0.01, 0.04, 0.1, and 0.13, respectively, the incident angles with respect to the HOE 23 are 25 ⁇ 0.6 degrees and 25 ⁇ 2 respectively. It can be said that a diffraction efficiency of 50% or more can be realized by the HOE 23 within the range of 5 degrees, 25 ⁇ 6 degrees, and 25 ⁇ 7.5 degrees. Therefore, in this embodiment, the diffusion angle ⁇ of the diffusion unit 14 is set so that such an incident angle range is obtained.
- the light utilization efficiency in the HOE 23 can be improved. That is, it is possible to obtain a high diffraction efficiency of 50% or more with HOE and to allow a viewer to observe a bright image.
- a high diffraction efficiency of 50% or more can be realized with the HOE 23. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a reduction in image quality due to ghost light.
- the diffusion unit 14 diffuses the laser light deflected by the deflecting device 13 so that the diffraction efficiency of 50% or more can be obtained by the HOE 23 when the diffused laser light enters the HOE 23. I can say that.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the video display device 1 and showing another configuration of the diffusion unit 14.
- the video display device 1 of FIG. 9 may be referred to as a video display device 1b for convenience.
- the diffusing unit 14 includes a diffusing plate 14b and a field lens 14c.
- the diffusion plate 14b is a general diffusion plate having no positive power.
- the field lens 14c has positive power.
- the diffusing unit can be easily realized by configuring the diffusing unit 14 by combining the general diffusing plate 14b and the field lens 14c.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the diffusion unit 14.
- the diffusing unit 14 may be configured by an optical element in which a diffusing surface 14e is formed on the surface of a Fresnel lens 14d (blazed deflection diffraction element).
- the diffusing surface 14e can be constituted by an uneven surface, for example.
- the diffusing means can be manufactured at low cost by molding.
- the diffusion unit 14 can be made thinner than the configuration of FIG.
- the diffusion surface 14e may be an optical thin film having a function of diffusing light.
- the refractive index modulation ⁇ n of the HOE constituting the diffusing plate 14a of the diffusing unit 14 is small, and the zero order When the light energy is large, the 0th-order ghost light may reach the observer's eyes. Therefore, in order to prevent the 0th-order ghost light from reaching the observer's eyes, for example, the respective constituent members are arranged so that the central light beam of the light bundle at the scanning center is obliquely incident on the diffusion unit 14. May be. Even in such a configuration, the above-described conditional expressions (1) and (2) can be satisfied for all scanning positions except the scanning center.
- the position of a point light source that generates a light beam incident from the eyepiece prism 21 side (optical pupil side) out of two light beams (reference light and object light) for exposing the hologram photosensitive material Is preferably located at the optical pupil position or at a position on the optical axis opposite to the hologram photosensitive material with respect to the optical pupil position.
- the observer's pupil is positioned at a position shifted from the center in the plane of the optical pupil during image observation. Even if is located, the observer can observe the image.
- the laser light source 12 is used as the light source.
- the diffusion unit 14 is moved at a high speed (for example, 50 ⁇ m) with an amplitude of several ⁇ m or less in the plane. It is desirable to vibrate at hertz or higher).
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the video display device 1 of the present embodiment.
- the video display device 1 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the video generation unit 11 of the first embodiment is replaced with a video generation unit 11 ′.
- the image generation unit 11 ′ includes a laser light source 12 ′, a deflecting device 13, a reflection mirror 15, and a diffusion unit 14 ′.
- the point that the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 are optically conjugate is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the video display apparatus 1 of FIG. 11 may be called the video display apparatus 1c for convenience.
- the laser light source 12 ' is a color laser light source unit that emits laser light of three colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue).
- FIG. 12 shows a detailed configuration of the laser light source 12 '.
- the laser light source 12 ′ includes light sources 12 R, 12 G, and 12 B that emit RGB laser beams, and dichroic prisms 71 and 72.
- the G light from the light source 12 G and the B light from the light source 12 B are optically combined by the dichroic prism 71.
- the R light from the light source 12R is optically combined with the G light and B light from the dichroic prism 71 by the dichroic prism 72.
- the laser light source 12 'sequentially emits three colors of laser light in a single optical path in a collimated state.
- the wavelengths (use wavelength, reproduction wavelength) of the RGB laser beams emitted from the laser light source 12 ' are, for example, 650 nm, 532 nm, and 476 nm, respectively.
- the RGB exposure wavelengths (manufacturing wavelengths) of the HOE 23 as the combiner are, for example, 647.5 nm, 532 nm, and 476 nm, respectively. That is, the use wavelength of the laser light source 12 ′ and the exposure wavelength of the HOE 23 match or are close (substantially match).
- the HOE 23 performs multiple exposure with a RGB laser beam on a single layer hologram photosensitive material having sensitivity to three colors of RGB, or corresponds to each wavelength. It is assumed that the hologram photosensitive material is manufactured by superposing three layers and exposing with each laser beam.
- the reflection mirror 15 reflects the laser light incident from the laser light source 12 ′ via the deflecting device 13 and guides it to the diffusion unit 14 ′.
- the reflection mirror 15 is composed of, for example, a plane mirror, but it may have power. That is, as will be described later, the diffusing unit 14 ′ has a positive power, but a part of this power can be provided to the reflecting mirror 15.
- the diffusing unit 14 ′ is a reflection type of the diffusing unit 14 of the first embodiment, and is disposed on the image plane of the eyepiece optical system 4.
- the diffusion unit 14 ' has a function equivalent to the function of the diffusion unit 14 described in the first embodiment, and in this embodiment, is constituted by one diffusion plate 14f. Details of the diffusion unit 14 'will be described later.
- the laser light from the laser light source 12 ′ is deflected and scanned two-dimensionally by the deflecting device 13, reflected by the reflecting mirror 15, bent in the optical path, and incident on the diffusion unit 14 ′.
- the diffusion unit 14 ′ the incident laser light is reflected and diffused at the same time, and enters the eyepiece optical system 4.
- the subsequent steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the optical path of the laser scanning optical system in the image generation unit 11 ′ (the optical path from the laser light source 12 ′ to the reflection mirror 15). And the optical path from the diffusing unit 14 ′ to the eyepiece optical system 4.
- the laser light source 12 'and the deflecting device 13 and the eyepiece optical system 4 can be arranged close to each other, and the image generating unit 11' can be downsized.
- the projection onto the diffusion unit 14 ′ by laser scanning is an oblique projection, and thus the image projected on the diffusion unit 14 ′ (image plane).
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the diffusion unit 14 ′.
- the diffusion plate 14f constituting the diffusion unit 14 ′ is a diffusion plate having a positive power, and is configured by, for example, a volume phase type reflection type HOE.
- the central ray of the light bundle emitted from each scanning position on the diffusion plate 14f is condensed and simultaneously diffused at a desired diffusion angle toward the eyepiece optical system 4.
- the first embodiment is used.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view schematically showing light diffused by the diffusion plate 14f. If the diffusion angle in the X direction is ⁇ x (°) and the diffusion angle in the Y direction is ⁇ y (°), in this embodiment, ⁇ x> ⁇ y.
- the diffusion unit 14 ′ diffuses the laser light emitted from each scanning position with different diffusion angles in the X direction and the Y direction, so that the size of the optical pupil E is set in the X direction. (Horizontal direction) and Y direction (vertical direction) can be made different, and a horizontally long optical pupil E and a vertically long optical pupil E can be obtained.
- the optical pupil E is horizontally long, light (laser light) is collected in the vertical direction, so that a bright image can be observed by the observer, and the optical pupil E is wide in the left-right direction. It is possible to easily cope with a plurality of observers having different values.
- the optical pupil E is vertically long, for example, when the video display device 1 of the present embodiment is applied to a HUD, it is possible to easily cope with a plurality of observers with different sitting heights.
- FIG. 15 schematically shows a production optical system for producing the diffusion plate 14f.
- the diffuser plate 14f made of volume phase type reflection type HOE forms a hologram photosensitive material (for example, photopolymer) on a substrate to form a hologram substrate 81, and then applies two light beams (reference light, object light) to the hologram substrate 81.
- a hologram photosensitive material for example, photopolymer
- two light beams reference light, object light
- FIG. 15 divergent light from a point light source that is reference light is incident from the right side of the hologram substrate 81, while object light is incident from the left side of the hologram substrate 81 via the diffusion plate 82, thereby Interference fringes are recorded on the hologram photosensitive material.
- the diffusion characteristics of the diffusion plate 82 with anisotropy, it is possible to obtain object light that diffuses in a desired direction at a desired diffusion angle.
- FIG. 14f made of HOE having anisotropic diffusion characteristics shown in FIG.
- the diffusion plate 14f made of HOE is similar to the above-described manufacture of the HOE 23 as a combiner with respect to a single layer hologram photosensitive material having sensitivity to three colors of RGB. Then, multiple exposure is performed with RGB laser light, or three layers of hologram photosensitive materials corresponding to the respective wavelengths are stacked and exposed with each laser light.
- the diffusion plate 14f constituting the diffusion unit 14 ' is configured by a volume phase type HOE. Since the HOE can be manufactured by multiple exposure as described above, it is possible to realize a diffusion plate (diffusion means) that acts independently on a plurality of wavelengths. That is, even when the laser light source 12 ′ that emits laser light with a plurality of wavelengths is used as the laser light source, the laser light with each wavelength can be diffused independently.
- the optical path can be folded by the diffusion plate 14f in the video generation unit 11 ′, and the video generation unit 11 ′ and thus the video display device 1 can be configured. Can be miniaturized.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the HUD of the present embodiment.
- the HUD includes a video display device 1 (1d).
- the video display device 1d is configured by combining the video generation unit 11 of the video display device 1a of the first embodiment and the eyepiece optical system 4 '.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ is configured by holding the HOE 23 of the first embodiment on the windshield 24.
- the windshield 24 corresponds to a windshield in front of the driver's seat in a transportation means such as a vehicle, a ship, a railroad, and an aircraft.
- the point that the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 are optically conjugate is the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing another configuration of the HUD.
- the HUD includes a video display device 1 (1e).
- the video display device 1e is configured by combining the video generation unit 11 'of the video display device 1c of Embodiment 2 and the eyepiece optical system 4' of FIG.
- the image generation unit 11 ′ does not include the reflection mirror 15, and the laser light deflected and scanned by the deflection device 13 is directly incident on the diffusion unit 14 ′ and reflected there, and the eyepiece optical system 4. It is the composition led by '.
- the point that the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 are optically conjugate is the same as in the second embodiment.
- the video light from the video generators 11 and 11 ' is diffracted and reflected by the HOE 23 of the eyepiece optical system 4' and guided to the optical pupil E. Therefore, the observer can observe the virtual image of the image at the position of the optical pupil E. Further, since the HOE 23 transmits the external light and guides it to the optical pupil E, the external image can be observed through the see-through simultaneously with the video. That is, even in HUD, it is possible to superimpose an image and an external image as in HMD.
- HUD even when the background (outside image) is bright, it is necessary to provide a high-luminance video, so that a configuration using a laser light source that emits high-luminance laser light as a light source is very effective.
- the HOE 23 as a combiner, only the laser light is diffracted with high diffraction efficiency and light of other wavelengths is transmitted due to the wavelength selectivity of the HOE 23, so that it is compared with an image display device using an LED as a light source. The observer can observe both the background and the video brightly.
- the observer can observe a bright image at the position of the optical pupil E due to the optically conjugate positional relationship between the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13. . Therefore, also from this point, it can be said that the video display devices 1d and 1e of the present embodiment are very suitable for HUD that allows video to be observed under a relatively bright background.
- the use of the reflection type diffusion unit 14 ' can provide a degree of freedom in the arrangement of the optical system, so that the optical system can be arranged more compactly.
- the diffusing unit 14 ′ is configured with a reflective HOE, a high diffraction efficiency is obtained in a wide incident angle range, so that the optical pupil is compared with a configuration with a transmissive HOE. A larger area of E can be secured.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the video display device 1 of the present embodiment.
- the video display device 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which an optical element 16 is further provided in the video display device 1a of the first embodiment.
- the video display device 1 in FIG. 18 may be referred to as a video display device 1f for convenience.
- the optical element 16 is composed of a lens having negative power, and is provided in the optical path between the diffusion unit 14 (for example, the diffusion plate 14a) and the deflecting device 13.
- the optical oscillation angle is generally about 10 ° to 25 °.
- the scanning range on the diffusing unit 14 becomes smaller when the optical angle is small.
- the interval between the deflecting device 13 and the diffusing unit 14 may be increased, but this increases the size of the image generation unit 11.
- the optical element 16 by inserting the optical element 16 having negative power between the deflecting device 13 and the diffusing unit 14, even if the optical deflection angle in the deflecting device 13 is small, the optical The element 16 can increase ⁇ s. Therefore, the distance between the deflecting device 13 and the diffusing unit 14 can be reduced to reduce the size of the video generation unit 11.
- conditional expressions relating to downsizing of the video generation unit 11 will be described. It is desirable that the video display devices of the above-described embodiments satisfy the following conditional expressions (3), (4), and (5). That is, ⁇ sx_max> 10 °, ⁇ sy_max> 10 ° (3) 1.03 ⁇ cos ( ⁇ dx_max) / cos ( ⁇ sx_max) ⁇ 1.15 (4) 1.03 ⁇ cos ( ⁇ dy_max) / cos ( ⁇ sy_max) ⁇ 1.15 (5) However, ⁇ sx_max: Maximum value of ⁇ sx (°) ⁇ sy_max: Maximum value of ⁇ sy (°) ⁇ dx_max: Maximum value of ⁇ dx (°) ⁇ dy_max: Maximum value of ⁇ dy (°) It is.
- the optical oscillation angle is small, so it is necessary to widen the distance between the deflecting device 13 and the diffusing unit 14 in order to increase the scanning range, and the image generating unit 11 is enlarged.
- the lower limit of conditional expressions (4) and (5) is not reached, the effect of miniaturization is small, and when the upper limit is exceeded, the deflection angle in the diffusing unit 14 is too large and the error sensitivity of each optical element becomes severe. .
- conditional expressions (3), (4), and (5) it is possible to reduce the size of the image generation unit 11 while reducing the error sensitivity of each optical element. That is, even when a MEMS mirror is used as the deflecting device 13, the video generation unit 11 can be sufficiently downsized.
- Table 1 shows the values of the conditional expressions for the video display devices 1a to 1f shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 9, FIG. 11, FIG.
- the sign of ⁇ d_max the case of divergence after emission of the diffusion unit 14 is positive, and the case of convergence after the emission of the diffusion unit 14 is negative.
- numerical values are shown only for the Y direction, but the X direction is the same as the Y direction. From Table 1, it can be seen that each of the video display devices 1a to 1f satisfies all the conditional expressions (3), (4), and (5).
- Embodiment 5 The following will describe still another embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. For convenience of explanation below, the same members as those in Embodiments 1 to 4 are given the same member numbers, and explanations thereof are omitted.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the HUD of this embodiment.
- the HUD includes a video display device 1 (1g).
- the video display device 1g includes a video generation unit 91 and the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ according to the third embodiment, and an optical pupil formed by the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ using the video light from the video generation unit 91.
- E By guiding to E, the observer observes the virtual image of the image at the position of the optical pupil E. This will be specifically described below.
- the image generation unit 91 generates an image to be observed by the observer, and includes the laser light source 12 and the deflecting device 13, the correction lens 31, and the diffusion plate 32 that are the same as those in the first embodiment. ing.
- the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 (particularly the point at which the light reflected by the reflecting surface 13a is emitted) is optically conjugate with the optical pupil E (see, for example, the solid line optical path in FIG. 19). . At this time, the conjugate relationship is maintained even when diopter adjustment described later is performed, but this point will be described later.
- the correction lens 31 is an optical element having a positive power.
- the deflecting device. 13 and the diffusing plate 32 are disposed in the optical path.
- the diffusing plate 32 is a diffusing unit that is disposed on the image plane of the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ and diffuses the laser light deflected by the deflecting device 13.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ is an optical system that guides the image light from the image generation unit 91 to the optical pupil E and guides the light of the outside world (external light) to the optical pupil E, and holds the HOE 23 on the windshield 24.
- the HOE 23 is a volume phase type reflection holographic optical element as a combiner that diffracts and reflects the image light from the image generation unit 91 and guides it to the optical pupil E, and at the same time transmits external light to the optical pupil E. .
- the reflection type HOE 23 after pasting a hologram photosensitive material on a substrate (wind shield 24), irradiates the hologram photosensitive material with two light beams from the substrate side and the opposite side, and refracts interference fringes due to these two light beams. It is produced by recording on a hologram photosensitive material as rate modulation.
- the laser light (collimated) emitted from the laser light source 12 of the image generation unit 91 is deflected and scanned two-dimensionally by the reflecting surface 13 a of the deflecting device 13, and is diffused through the correction lens 31. 32 is incident.
- the laser beam is deflected and scanned by the deflecting device 13 in synchronization with the intensity modulation while the intensity of the laser beam is modulated according to the video data by the control unit 35 (see FIG. 20) described later.
- An image (primary image) can be projected on the diffusion plate 32 disposed on the image plane of the eyepiece optical system 4 ′.
- the projected image light is diffused by the diffusion plate 32 into divergent light having a predetermined diffusion angle, and then reaches the HOE 23 of the eyepiece optical system 4 ′.
- the HOE 23 is fabricated so as to diffract only the wavelength of the laser beam from the laser light source 12 and the wavelength in the vicinity thereof, and the light of other wavelengths passes through the HOE 23. Therefore, the image light reaching the HOE 23 is diffracted and reflected by the HOE 23 and then reaches the optical pupil E.
- each of the light beams deflected by the deflecting device 13 is guided to the observer's retina. That is, the principal ray of each image height passes through the center of the optical projection E of the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ and reaches the retina of the observer eye without vignetting the iris (iris) of the observation eye. Accordingly, the observer can observe the enlarged virtual image of the two-dimensional video generated by the video generation unit 91 in the forward direction.
- the observer since light having a wavelength different from that of the laser light included in the external light passes through the HOE 23, the observer can naturally observe not only the above-described image but also an external image.
- the video display device 1g uses the laser light source 12 that emits high-intensity laser light as the light source, and uses the volume phase type reflective HOE 23 with high wavelength selectivity as the combiner. Therefore, an observer can observe a high-contrast image having good see-through property.
- the configuration using the laser light source 12 that emits high-luminance laser light as the light source is very effective for the HUD. .
- the HOE 23 as a combiner, only the laser light is diffracted with high diffraction efficiency and light of other wavelengths is transmitted due to the wavelength selectivity of the HOE 23, so that it is compared with an image display device using an LED as a light source. The observer can observe both the background and the video brightly.
- the light after deflection by the deflecting device 13 is diffused by the diffusion plate 32, so that the optical pupil E can be expanded in both the X direction and the Y direction. That is, the light diffused by the diffusing plate 32 constitutes an observable pupil area of a predetermined size around the passing point of each principal ray on the surface of the optical pupil E (a point that appears to be condensed). To do. In this way, since the optical pupil E having a predetermined area is obtained (because the observable position is not one point), even if the position of the observer's pupil P is shifted vertically and horizontally in the plane of the optical pupil E, The observer can observe a good image.
- the correction lens 31 is disposed in the optical path between the deflecting device 13 and the diffusion plate 32.
- the correction lens 31 may be in any of the optical paths from the deflecting device 13 to the optical pupil E, but from the viewpoint of downsizing the video display device, the optical path between the deflecting device 13 and the diffusion plate 32. It is preferable to be disposed inside. For example, when the correction lens 31 is disposed on the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ side with respect to the diffusion plate 32, it is necessary to enlarge the correction lens 31 in order to make all the light diffused by the diffusion plate 32 enter the correction lens 31. .
- the correction lens 31 is not disposed in the eyepiece optical system 4 ′ but in the video generation unit 91 that is separated from the combiner (HOE 23). As a result, it is possible to secure a wide observation area for the external image observed through the eyepiece optical system 4 ′.
- the angular characteristics of the diffraction efficiency of the HOE 23 are the same as those in FIG. 8, and the diffusion degree (diffusion angle) of the diffusion plate 32 is set in consideration of such angular characteristics.
- the diffusion plate 32 diffuses the laser light deflected by the deflecting device 13 so that the diffraction efficiency of 50% or more is obtained by the HOE 23 when the diffused laser light enters the HOE 23.
- an effect similar to that of the first embodiment can be obtained, such as allowing the observer to observe a bright image and avoiding the deterioration of the image quality due to the undiffracted light (0th order light) becoming ghost light. be able to.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a main part of the video display device 1g.
- the video display device 1g described above further includes drive units 33 and 34 and a control unit 35.
- the drive unit 33 is a drive mechanism that moves the image generation unit 91 along the optical axis, and includes a motor, a gear, a shaft, and the like.
- the diopter of the virtual image observed by the observer that is, the distance between the optical pupil E and the virtual image
- the character “CAUTION” can be gradually made closer by adjusting the diopter. In this case, the visibility of the virtual image can be enhanced, and the effect of calling attention to the observer can be enhanced.
- the HUD is often used in a dynamic environment (for example, during driving of a vehicle), and in such an environment, the viewpoint is usually placed on the external image, so the time for watching the virtual image is short. Therefore, the diopter adjustment of the virtual image is particularly effective in HUD in order to improve the visibility of such a virtual image.
- the drive unit 34 is a drive mechanism that moves the correction lens 31 along the optical axis, and includes a motor, a gear, a shaft, and the like, similarly to the drive unit 33.
- the control unit 35 controls the operation of each unit of the video display device 1.
- the control unit 35 controls intensity modulation based on video data in the laser light source 12, rotation of the reflecting surface 13a in the deflecting device 13 (laser beam deflection scanning), driving of the driving units 33 and 34, and the like.
- the drive unit 33 and the control unit 35 constitute virtual image diopter adjustment means for adjusting the diopter of the virtual image by moving the video generation unit 91 along the optical axis.
- the drive unit 34 and the control unit 35 constitute a correction lens moving unit that moves the correction lens 31 along the optical axis.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows an optical path of image light when the virtual image distance is infinite and finite.
- the correction lens moving unit keeps the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 in an optically conjugate positional relationship with the movement of the image generation unit 11 by the virtual image diopter adjusting unit.
- the correction lens 31 is moved along the optical axis (see, for example, the solid line optical path).
- diopter adjustment will be shown.
- the position of the image generation unit 91 in the optical axis direction when the virtual image distance is infinity is used as a reference, and the movement distance of the image generation unit 91 in the optical axis direction by diopter adjustment from this position is ⁇ L ( mm).
- the distance in the optical axis direction between the correction lens 31 and the diffuser plate 32 when the virtual image distance is infinite is d1 (mm), and the diopter-adjusted correction lens 31 and the diffuser plate 32 in the optical axis direction are adjusted.
- the distance is d2 (mm).
- ⁇ d d2 ⁇ d1.
- d2 ⁇ d1.
- Table 2 shows a specific relationship between the virtual image distance (the display distance (m) of the virtual image from the optical pupil E), the movement distance ⁇ L of the video generation unit 91, and the movement distance ⁇ d of the correction lens 31.
- the focal length of the HOE 23 is 200 (mm)
- the focal length of the correction lens 31 is 20 (mm)
- the distance between the optical pupil E and the HOE 23 is 1 (m).
- the correction lens 31 is moved along the optical axis according to the movement amount, so that the optical pupil can be located at any position.
- E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 can be kept in an optically conjugate positional relationship (see the solid line optical path in FIG. 21).
- the use efficiency of the light supplied from the image generation unit 91 can be improved by the conjugate relationship, so that the observer observes a bright image at the position of the optical pupil E regardless of the diopter of the virtual image. Can do.
- the volume phase type reflection type HOE 23 only diffracts and reflects light incident in a predetermined incident angle range, and it is difficult to obtain a bright image. Therefore, it is possible to satisfy the above conjugate relationship and improve the light utilization efficiency. This is very effective in a configuration using the HOE 23 as a combiner.
- each light beam diffracted by the HOE 23 and emitted from each image height passes through one point (the same point) in the plane of the optical pupil E regardless of the diopter of the virtual image. To do. Therefore, even if the observer's pupil P is shifted in the plane of the optical pupil E, the image light from all the screen areas can be incident on the observer's pupil P regardless of the diopter of the virtual image. Can observe the entire image satisfactorily (without partial missing or uneven brightness).
- the video display device 1 of the embodiment is suitable for HUD using the HOE 23 as a combiner, which often observes video in a situation where the external image is relatively bright.
- Table 2 shows the relationship between ⁇ L and ⁇ d when the virtual image distance is a specific distance, but the relationship between ⁇ L and ⁇ d that realizes the conjugate relationship is predetermined even for other distances. It is assumed that As described above, the relationship between ⁇ L and ⁇ d that realizes the above conjugate relationship is stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) as a table.
- the control unit 35 reads ⁇ d corresponding to ⁇ L from the storage unit, the drive unit 34 The correction lens 31 is moved in the optical axis direction by ⁇ d.
- control unit 35 may function as an angle-of-view adjusting unit that changes the angle of view of the observed image, that is, the size of the observed image (virtual image), independently of the diopter adjustment.
- the angle of view of the observation image can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the intensity modulation timing of the laser light in the laser light source 12 or by controlling the scanning angle (deflection angle) in the deflecting device 13.
- the size of the image in the scanning line direction can be changed by turning on / off the emission of laser light corresponding to several dots at both ends.
- the maximum rotation angle of the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 the maximum scanning angle of the laser light reflected by the reflecting surface 13a can be changed, and this also increases the size of the image. Can be changed.
- the angle of view of the observation video can be changed independently of the diopter adjustment.
- the angle of view can be further changed by the angle of view adjusting means. Therefore, compared with the case where only diopter adjustment is performed, the size of the virtual image can be changed at high speed, and the visibility of the virtual image can be further improved.
- the laser light source 12 is used as the light source.
- the diffusion plate 32 has a high speed (with an amplitude of several ⁇ m or less in the plane ( For example, it is desirable to vibrate at 50 Hz or more.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the video display device 1 (1h) of the present embodiment.
- the video display device 1 h is applicable to the HMD of FIG. 2 and includes a video generation unit 91 ′ and an eyepiece optical system 4.
- the video display device 1 h guides the video light from the video generation unit 91 ′ to the optical pupil E through the eyepiece optical system 4, thereby allowing the observer to observe the virtual image of the video at the position of the optical pupil E. This will be specifically described below.
- the image generation unit 91 ′ generates an image to be observed by an observer, and includes the laser light source 12 ′ and the deflecting device 13, the correction lens 31, and the diffusion plate 32 ′ similar to those in the second embodiment. Configured.
- the correction lens 31 makes the scanning beams reflected by the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 parallel to each other. Due to the correction lens 31 and the eyepiece optical system 4, the reflecting surface 13 a of the deflecting device 13 and the optical pupil E of the eyepiece optical system 4 are in an optically conjugate positional relationship.
- the diffusion plate 32 ′ is disposed on the image plane of the eyepiece optical system 4 and diffuses the laser light deflected by the deflecting device 13.
- the diffusion plate 32 ′ diffuses the laser light emitted from each scanning position with different diffusion angles in the X direction and the Y direction. That is, the diffusion plate 32 'has anisotropy in the diffusion angle (diffusion characteristic).
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view schematically showing light diffused by the diffusion plate 32 ′. If the diffusion angle in the X direction is ⁇ x (°) and the diffusion angle in the Y direction is ⁇ y (°), in this embodiment, ⁇ x> ⁇ y.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 is an optical system that guides the image light from the image generation unit 91 ′ to the optical pupil E and guides the light of the outside world (external light) to the optical pupil E.
- the telecentric optical system It has become.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 is similar to the first embodiment in that the eyepiece optical system 4 includes an eyepiece prism 21, a deflection prism 22, and an HOE 23.
- the RGB laser beams (collimated) sequentially emitted from the laser light source 12 ′ of the image generation unit 91 ′ are two-dimensionally deflected and scanned by the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13, and the correction lens.
- the light enters the diffusion plate 32 ′ via 31.
- the control unit 35 (see FIG. 24) modulates the intensity of the laser light in accordance with the video data, and deflects and scans the laser light with the deflecting device 13 in synchronization with the intensity modulation, so that the eyepiece optical An image can be projected onto the diffusion plate 32 ′ disposed on the image plane of the system 4.
- the projected image light is diffused into divergent light having a predetermined diffusion angle by the diffusion plate 32 ′ and then enters the eyepiece prism 21 of the eyepiece optical system 4 through the surface 21 a.
- the image light incident on the eyepiece prism 21 is totally reflected on the surface 21b on the viewer side of the eyepiece prism 21, and then totally reflected again on the surface 21c facing the eyepiece prism 21, and again totally reflected on the surface 21b and reaches the HOE 23.
- the HOE 23 is manufactured so as to diffract only the wavelengths of the RGB laser light from the laser light source 12 ′ and the wavelengths in the vicinity thereof, and light of other wavelengths passes through the HOE 23. Therefore, the image light that has reached the HOE 23 is diffracted and reflected by the HOE 23, and then passes through the surface 21 b of the eyepiece prism 21 to reach the optical pupil E.
- each of the light beams deflected by the deflecting device 13 is guided to the observer's retina, so that the observer can generate the image generation unit 91 ′.
- the magnified virtual image of the two-dimensional image generated at can be observed forward.
- the observer since light having a wavelength different from that of the laser light included in the external light passes through the HOE 23, the observer can naturally observe not only the above-described image but also an external image.
- the light after deflection by the deflecting device 13 is diffused by the diffusing plate 32 ′, so that the optical pupil E spreads in both the X direction and the Y direction. Since the laser light emitted from the laser beam is diffused at different diffusion angles in the X direction (left and right direction) and the Y direction (up and down direction), the size of the optical pupil E can be made different between the X direction and the Y direction. A horizontally long optical pupil E and a vertically long optical pupil E can be obtained.
- the diffusion angle of the laser light on the diffusion plate 32 ′ is larger in the X direction than in the Y direction ( ⁇ x> ⁇ y), resulting in a horizontally long optical pupil E.
- the diffusion angle of the diffusion plate 32 ′ is set to ⁇ x ⁇ y, a vertically long optical pupil E can be obtained.
- This configuration is effective for the HUD of the fifth embodiment, for example.
- the seating height is different for each observer. Therefore, if the optical pupil E is vertically long, it is possible to easily cope with a plurality of observers having different seating heights.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a main part of the video display device 1h of the present embodiment.
- the video display device 1h is common to the video display device 1g of the fifth embodiment in that it includes a drive unit 33 and a control unit 35.
- the video display device 1 h does not include the drive unit 34 that is a drive mechanism of the correction lens 31.
- the drive unit 33 constitutes a drive mechanism that moves the video generation unit 91 ′ along the optical axis.
- the control unit 35 controls the operation of each unit of the video display device 1h, such as intensity modulation based on video data in the laser light source 12 ′.
- the drive unit 33 and the control unit 35 constitute a virtual image diopter adjustment unit that adjusts the diopter of the virtual image by moving the video generation unit 91 ′ along the optical axis.
- FIG. 25 schematically shows the optical path of image light when the virtual image distance is infinite and finite.
- the eyepiece optical system 4 is a telecentric optical system even if the video generation unit 91 ′ is moved along the optical axis in order to adjust the diopter of the virtual image by the virtual image diopter adjustment means, the correction lens Even without moving 31 along the optical axis, the optical conjugate relationship between the optical pupil E and the reflecting surface 13a of the deflecting device 13 is maintained (see, for example, the solid line optical path).
- diopter adjustment will be shown.
- Table 3 shows a specific relationship between the virtual image distance (the display distance (m) of the virtual image from the optical pupil E), the moving distance ⁇ L of the video generation unit 91 ′, and the moving distance ⁇ d of the correction lens 31.
- the focal length of the HOE 23 is 20 (mm)
- the focal length of the correction lens 31 is 10 (mm)
- the distance between the optical pupil E and the HOE 23 is 20 (m).
- the eyepiece optical system 4 is a telecentric optical system
- the optical pupil E and the deflection device 13 can be operated without moving the correction lens 31 along the optical axis during diopter adjustment.
- the optical conjugate relationship with the reflecting surface 13a can be maintained.
- the observer can observe a bright image at the position of the optical pupil E regardless of the diopter of the virtual image.
- the principal ray diffracted by the HOE 23 and emitted from each image height is favorably incident on the optical pupil E due to the conjugate relationship, even if the observer's pupil P is shifted in the plane of the optical pupil E, The observer can observe the entire image satisfactorily (without partial missing or uneven brightness).
- the video display device of the present invention can be used for HMD and HUD.
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Abstract
Description
θsx>θdx ・・・(1)
θsy>θdy ・・・(2)
ただし、上記2つの走査方向のうち、上記光学瞳にて観察される映像の水平方向に対応する走査方向を第1の走査方向とし、上記映像の垂直方向に対応する走査方向を第2の走査方向とし、上記偏向手段の反射面上の走査中心と上記光学瞳の中心とを光学的に結ぶ軸を光軸としたとき、
θsx:拡散手段に入射するレーザ光の、光軸に対する第1の走査方
向の走査角度
θsy:拡散手段に入射するレーザ光の、光軸に対する第2の走査方
向の走査角度
θdx:拡散手段におけるθsxに対応する走査位置から射出される
拡散光の中心光線の、光軸に対する第1の走査方向の射出角
度
θdy:拡散手段におけるθsyに対応する走査位置から射出される
拡散光の中心光線の、光軸に対する第2の走査方向の射出角
度
である。
θsx_max>10°,θsy_max>10° ・・・(3)
1.03<cos(θdx_max)/cos(θsx_max)
<1.15 ・・・(4)
1.03<cos(θdy_max)/cos(θsy_max)
<1.15 ・・・(5)
ただし、
θsx_max:θsxの最大値
θsy_max:θsyの最大値
θdx_max:θdxの最大値
θdy_max:θdyの最大値
である。
本発明の実施の一形態について、図面に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。
図2は、本実施形態に係るHMDの概略の構成を示す斜視図である。HMDは、映像表示装置1と、支持部材2とで構成されている。
次に、映像表示装置1の詳細について説明する。図1は、映像表示装置1の概略の構成を示す断面図である。同図に示すように、映像表示装置1は、映像生成部11と、上述した接眼光学系4とを有して構成されており、映像生成部11からの映像光を接眼光学系4を介して光学瞳Eに導くことにより、光学瞳Eの位置にて上記映像の虚像を観察者に観察させる。以下、具体的に説明する。なお、図1の映像表示装置1は、便宜上、映像表示装置1aと称する場合もある。
映像生成部11のレーザ光源12から射出されたレーザ光(コリメートされている)は、偏向装置13の反射面13aによって2次元に偏向走査される。このとき、図示しない制御部により、映像データに応じてレーザ光の強度を変調しながら、その強度変調と同期して偏向装置13にてレーザ光を偏向走査することにより、接眼光学系4の像面に配置された拡散ユニット14(拡散板14a)上に映像(1次像)を投影することができる。
(3-1.拡散ユニットの機能)
次に、拡散ユニット14の詳細について説明する。なお、以下での説明において、拡散光または光線束の中心光線とは、拡散光または光線束におけるエネルギー強度が最も高い光線(主光線)を指すものとする(以下でも同じ定義とする)。また、拡散角とは、1点から射出される光(光線束)が広がる角度を指すものとする。
θsx>θdx ・・・(1)
θsy>θdy ・・・(2)
ただし、
θsx:拡散手段に入射するレーザ光の、光軸Zに対するX方向の走
査角度(°)
θsy:拡散手段に入射するレーザ光の、光軸Zに対するY方向の走
査角度(°)
θdx:拡散手段におけるθsxに対応する走査位置から射出される
拡散光の中心光線の、光軸Zに対するX方向の
射出角度(°)
θdy:拡散手段におけるθsyに対応する走査位置から射出される
拡散光の中心光線の、光軸Zに対するY方向の
射出角度(°)
である。
上述した拡散ユニット14は、図1に示したように、単一の拡散板14aで構成することができる。この拡散板14aは、例えば体積位相型で透過型のHOEからなっている。透過型のHOEは、ホログラム感光材料を塗布(または貼合)した基板に対して参照光と物体光とを同方向から入射させてこれらを干渉させ、その干渉縞を屈折率変調としてホログラム感光材料に記録することにより作製することができる。上記のホログラム感光材料としては、例えば、フォトポリマー、銀塩乳剤、重クロム酸ゼラチン、バクテリオロドプシンを用いることができるが、中でも、HOE23をドライプロセスで容易に製造可能なフォトポリマーを用いることが望ましい。以下、透過型HOEからなる拡散板14aの作製方法について具体的に説明する。
次に、拡散ユニット14における拡散角ψの設定について説明する。拡散ユニット14の拡散角ψは、コンバイナであるHOE23の回折効率の角度特性を考慮して設定されている。ここで、図8は、体積位相型で反射型のHOE23の回折効率の角度特性を示すグラフである。なお、ここでは、レーザ光が入射角25度でHOE23に入射したときに回折効率が最大となり、回折反射されるレーザ光が射出角30度で射出されるようにHOE23が作製されているものとする。また、ホログラム感光材料(HOE23)の屈折率は1.5であり、膜厚は20μmとする。
以上では、拡散ユニット14を単一の拡散板14aで構成した例について説明したが、以下の構成とすることも可能である。
例えば、偏向装置13からの走査中心の光線束の中心光線が拡散ユニット14に対して垂直に入射する構成では、拡散ユニット14の拡散板14aを構成するHOEの屈折率変調δnが小さく、0次光のエネルギーが大きい場合に、0次光のゴースト光が観察者眼に到達する場合がある。そこで、0次光のゴースト光が観察者眼に到達しないようにするために、例えば、走査中心の光線束の中心光線が拡散ユニット14に対して斜めに入射するように各構成部材を配置してもよい。このような構成においても、走査中心を除く全ての走査位置について、上述した条件式(1)(2)を満足することができる。
本発明の他の実施の形態について、図面に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。なお、以下での説明の便宜上、実施の形態1と同一の構成には同一の部材番号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
図11は、本実施形態の映像表示装置1の概略の構成を示す断面図である。この映像表示装置1は、実施の形態1の映像生成部11を映像生成部11’に置き換えた以外は、実施の形態1と同様の構成である。映像生成部11’は、レーザ光源12’と、偏向装置13と、反射ミラー15と、拡散ユニット14’とを有している。なお、光学瞳Eと偏向装置13の反射面13aとが光学的に共役な位置関係となっている点は、実施の形態1と同様である。なお、図11の映像表示装置1は、便宜上、映像表示装置1cと称する場合もある。
次に、本実施形態の拡散ユニット14’について説明する。図13は、拡散ユニット14’を拡大して示す断面図である。本実施形態では、拡散ユニット14’を構成する拡散板14fは、正のパワーを持つ拡散板であり、例えば体積位相型で反射型のHOEで構成されている。拡散板14fにおける各走査位置から射出される光線束の中心光線は集光されると同時に、所望の拡散角度で拡散されて接眼光学系4へ向かうが、本実施形態においても、実施の形態1で示した条件式(1)(2)を満足している。
本発明のさらに他の実施の形態について、図面に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。なお、以下での説明の便宜上、実施の形態1・2と同一の構成には同一の部材番号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
本発明のさらに他の実施の形態について、図面に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。なお、以下での説明の便宜上、実施の形態1~3と同一の構成には同一の部材番号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
上述した各実施の形態の映像表示装置は、以下の条件式(3)(4)(5)を満足することが望ましい。すなわち、
θsx_max>10°,θsy_max>10° ・・・(3)
1.03<cos(θdx_max)/cos(θsx_max)
<1.15 ・・・(4)
1.03<cos(θdy_max)/cos(θsy_max)
<1.15 ・・・(5)
ただし、
θsx_max:θsxの最大値(°)
θsy_max:θsyの最大値(°)
θdx_max:θdxの最大値(°)
θdy_max:θdyの最大値(°)
である。
本発明のさらに他の実施の形態について、図面に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。なお、以下での説明の便宜上、実施の形態1~4と同一の構成には同一の部材番号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
図19は、本実施形態のHUDの概略の構成を示す説明図である。このHUDは、映像表示装置1(1g)を備えている。この映像表示装置1gは、映像生成部91と、実施の形態3の接眼光学系4’とを有しており、映像生成部91からの映像光を接眼光学系4’によって形成される光学瞳Eに導くことにより、光学瞳Eの位置にて上記映像の虚像を観察者に観察させるものである。以下、具体的に説明する。
次に、虚像の視度調整について説明する。図20は、映像表示装置1gの主要部の概略の構成を示すブロック図である。上述した映像表示装置1gは、さらに、駆動部33・34と、制御部35とを有している。
本発明のさらに他の実施の形態について、図面に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。なお、以下での説明の便宜上、実施の形態1~5と同一の構成には同一の部材番号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
図22は、本実施形態の映像表示装置1(1h)の概略の構成を示す断面図である。映像表示装置1hは、図2のHMDに適用可能なものであり、映像生成部91’と、接眼光学系4とを有して構成されている。映像表示装置1hは、映像生成部91’からの映像光を接眼光学系4を介して光学瞳Eに導くことにより、光学瞳Eの位置にて上記映像の虚像を観察者に観察させる。以下、具体的に説明する。
ところで、図24は、本実施形態の映像表示装置1hの主要部の概略の構成を示すブロック図である。同図に示すように、映像表示装置1hは、駆動部33と、制御部35とを有している点で、実施の形態5の映像表示装置1gと共通している。ただし、映像表示装置1hは、補正レンズ31の駆動機構である駆動部34を備えていない。本実施形態では、駆動部33は、映像生成部91’を光軸に沿って移動させる駆動機構を構成している。また、制御部35は、レーザ光源12’における映像データに基づいた強度変調など、映像表示装置1hの各部の動作を制御している。本実施形態では、駆動部33と制御部35とで、映像生成部91’を光軸に沿って移動させることにより、虚像の視度を調整する虚像視度調整手段が構成されている。
1a 映像表示装置
1b 映像表示装置
1c 映像表示装置
1d 映像表示装置
1e 映像表示装置
1f 映像表示装置
1g 映像表示装置
1h 映像表示装置
2 支持部材(支持手段)
4 接眼光学系
4’ 接眼光学系
11 映像生成部
11’ 映像生成部
12 レーザ光源
12’ レーザ光源
13 偏向装置(偏向手段)
13a 反射面
14 拡散ユニット(拡散手段)
14’ 拡散ユニット(拡散手段)
14a 拡散板
14b 拡散板
14c フィールドレンズ
14d フレネルレンズ
14e 拡散面
14f 拡散板
16 光学素子
23 HOE
24 ウィンドシールド
31 補正レンズ
32 拡散板
32’ 拡散板
33 駆動部(虚像視度調整手段)
34 駆動部(補正レンズ移動手段)
35 制御部(虚像視度調整手段、補正レンズ移動手段、画角調整手段)
91 映像生成部
91’ 映像生成部
E 光学瞳
Claims (21)
- 映像生成部からの映像光を接眼光学系の光学瞳に導くことにより、上記光学瞳の位置にて上記映像の虚像を観察者に観察させる映像表示装置であって、
上記映像生成部は、
レーザ光源と、
上記レーザ光源から射出されるレーザ光を、反射面によって、互いに直交する2つの走査方向に偏向走査する偏向手段と、
上記接眼光学系の像面に配置され、上記偏向手段にて偏向されたレーザ光を拡散する拡散手段とを有しており、
上記接眼光学系は、上記映像生成部からの映像光を回折反射して上記光学瞳に導くと同時に、外光を透過させて上記光学瞳に導くコンバイナとしての体積位相型で反射型のホログラフィック光学素子を有しており、
上記光学瞳と上記偏向手段の反射面とは、光学的に共役な位置関係にあり、
上記偏向手段による走査範囲の走査中心を除く全ての走査位置で、以下の条件式(1)(2)を満足することを特徴とする映像表示装置;
θsx>θdx ・・・(1)
θsy>θdy ・・・(2)
ただし、上記2つの走査方向のうち、上記光学瞳にて観察される映像の水平方向に対応する走査方向を第1の走査方向とし、上記映像の垂直方向に対応する走査方向を第2の走査方向とし、上記偏向手段の反射面上の走査中心と上記光学瞳の中心とを光学的に結ぶ軸を光軸としたとき、
θsx:拡散手段に入射するレーザ光の、光軸に対する第1の
走査方向の走査角度
θsy:拡散手段に入射するレーザ光の、光軸に対する第2の
走査方向の走査角度
θdx:拡散手段におけるθsxに対応する走査位置から射出
される拡散光の中心光線の、光軸に対する第1の走査
方向の射出角度
θdy:拡散手段におけるθsyに対応する走査位置から射出
される拡散光の中心光線の、光軸に対する第2の走査
方向の射出角度
である。 - 上記拡散手段は、拡散したレーザ光が上記ホログラフィック光学素子に入射したときに、上記ホログラフィック光学素子にて50%以上の回折効率が得られるように、上記偏向手段にて偏向されたレーザ光を拡散することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散手段は、上記第1の走査方向と上記第2の走査方向とで、異なる拡散角でレーザ光を拡散させることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散手段は、単一の拡散板で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散板は、体積位相型のホログラフィック光学素子で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散板を構成するホログラフィック光学素子は、反射型であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散手段は、レンズと拡散板とで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散手段は、フレネルレンズの表面に拡散面を形成して構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記拡散手段と上記偏向手段との間の光路中に設けられ、負のパワーを有する光学素子をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 以下の条件式(3)(4)(5)をさらに満足することを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置;
θsx_max>10°,θsy_max>10° ・・・(3)
1.03<cos(θdx_max)/cos(θsx_max)
<1.15・・・(4)
1.03<cos(θdy_max)/cos(θsy_max)
<1.15・・・(5)
ただし、
θsx_max:θsxの最大値
θsy_max:θsyの最大値
θdx_max:θdxの最大値
θdy_max:θdyの最大値
である。 - 映像生成部からの映像光を接眼光学系の光学瞳に導くことにより、上記光学瞳の位置にて上記映像の虚像を観察者に観察させる映像表示装置であって、
上記映像生成部は、
レーザ光源と、
上記レーザ光源から射出されるレーザ光を、反射面によって、互いに直交する2つの走査方向に偏向走査する偏向手段と、
上記接眼光学系の像面に配置され、上記偏向手段にて偏向されたレーザ光を拡散する拡散板とを有しており、
上記接眼光学系は、上記映像生成部からの映像光を回折反射して上記光学瞳に導くと同時に、外光を透過させて上記光学瞳に導くコンバイナとしての体積位相型で反射型のホログラフィック光学素子を有しており、
上記偏向手段の反射面上の走査中心と上記光学瞳の中心とを光学的に結ぶ軸を光軸としたとき、
当該映像表示装置は、
上記映像生成部を光軸に沿って移動させることにより、上記虚像の視度を調整する虚像視度調整手段と、
上記映像光の光路中に配置される補正レンズと、
上記補正レンズを光軸に沿って移動させる補正レンズ移動手段とを備えており、
上記補正レンズ移動手段は、上記虚像視度調整手段による上記映像生成部の移動に伴い、上記光学瞳と上記偏向手段の反射面とを光学的に共役な位置関係に保ったまま、上記補正レンズを移動させることを特徴とする映像表示装置。 - 上記補正レンズは、上記偏向手段と上記拡散板との間に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の映像表示装置。
- 映像生成部からの映像光を接眼光学系の光学瞳に導くことにより、上記光学瞳の位置にて上記映像の虚像を観察者に観察させる映像表示装置であって、
上記映像生成部は、
レーザ光源と、
上記レーザ光源から射出されるレーザ光を、反射面によって、互いに直交する2つの走査方向に偏向する偏向手段と、
上記接眼光学系の像面に配置され、上記偏向手段にて偏向されたレーザ光を拡散する拡散板とを有しており、
上記接眼光学系は、上記映像生成部からの映像光を回折反射して上記光学瞳に導くと同時に、外光を透過させて上記光学瞳に導くコンバイナとしての体積位相型で反射型のホログラフィック光学素子を有しており、
上記偏向手段の反射面上の走査中心と上記光学瞳の中心とを光学的に結ぶ軸を光軸としたとき、
当該映像表示装置は、
上記映像生成部を光軸に沿って移動させることにより、上記虚像の視度を調整する虚像視度調整手段と、
上記偏向手段と上記拡散板との間に配置される補正レンズとを備えており、
上記光学瞳と上記偏向手段の反射面とは、光学的に共役な位置関係にあり、
上記接眼光学系は、テレセントリック光学系であることを特徴とする映像表示装置。 - 上記拡散板は、拡散したレーザ光が上記ホログラフィック光学素子に入射したときに、上記ホログラフィック光学素子にて50%以上の回折効率が得られるように、上記偏向手段にて偏向されたレーザ光を拡散することを特徴とする請求項11から13のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記2つの走査方向のうち、上記光学瞳にて観察される映像の水平方向に対応する走査方向を第1の走査方向とし、上記映像の垂直方向に対応する走査方向を第2の走査方向としたとき、
上記拡散板は、上記第1の走査方向と上記第2の走査方向とで、異なる拡散角でレーザ光を拡散させることを特徴とする請求項11から14のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。 - 上記拡散板におけるレーザ光の拡散角は、上記第2の走査方向よりも上記第1の走査方向のほうが大きいことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記虚像視度調整手段による視度調整とは独立して、観察映像の画角を変化させる画角調整手段をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項11から16のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記コンバイナとしてのホログラフィック光学素子は、正のパワーを有していることを特徴とする請求項1から17のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 上記コンバイナとしてのホログラフィック光学素子の入射光の光軸と反射光の光軸とを含む入射面内で、上記ホログラフィック光学素子における入射角と回折角とは異なっていることを特徴とする請求項1から18のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
- 請求項1から19のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置と、
上記映像表示装置を観察者の眼前で支持する支持手段とを有していることを特徴とするヘッドマウントディスプレイ。 - 請求項1から19のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置を備え、上記映像表示装置のコンバイナとしてのホログラフィック光学素子がウィンドシールドに保持されるヘッドアップディスプレイ。
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JPWO2010035607A1 (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
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JP5229327B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
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