WO2010012411A1 - Cable a couches gomme in situ pour armature carcasse de pneumatique - Google Patents
Cable a couches gomme in situ pour armature carcasse de pneumatique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010012411A1 WO2010012411A1 PCT/EP2009/005343 EP2009005343W WO2010012411A1 WO 2010012411 A1 WO2010012411 A1 WO 2010012411A1 EP 2009005343 W EP2009005343 W EP 2009005343W WO 2010012411 A1 WO2010012411 A1 WO 2010012411A1
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- cable
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- wires
- cables
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
- D07B1/0626—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration the reinforcing cords consisting of three core wires or filaments and at least one layer of outer wires or filaments, i.e. a 3+N configuration
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2006—Wires or filaments characterised by a value or range of the dimension given
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
- D07B2201/2025—Strands twisted characterised by a value or range of the pitch parameter given
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
- D07B2201/2027—Compact winding
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
- D07B2201/2027—Compact winding
- D07B2201/2028—Compact winding having the same lay direction and lay pitch
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
- D07B2201/2029—Open winding
- D07B2201/2031—Different twist pitch
- D07B2201/2032—Different twist pitch compared with the core
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2039—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments three to eight wires or filaments respectively forming a single layer
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2046—Strands comprising fillers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
- D07B2201/2061—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires resulting in a twisted structure
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
- D07B2201/2062—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires comprising fillers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2065—Cores characterised by their structure comprising a coating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2075—Fillers
- D07B2201/2079—Fillers characterised by the kind or amount of filling
- D07B2201/2081—Fillers characterised by the kind or amount of filling having maximum filling
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2046—Tire cords
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/14—Machine details; Auxiliary devices for coating or wrapping ropes, cables, or component strands thereof
- D07B7/145—Coating or filling-up interstices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
- Y10S57/902—Reinforcing or tire cords
Definitions
- the present invention relates to two-layered metal cables, 3 + N construction, used in particular for the reinforcement of rubber articles.
- tires and carcass reinforcement also called “carcasses”, of these tires, in particular to reinforcement of tire carcasses for industrial vehicles such as heavy goods vehicles.
- a radial tire comprises in known manner a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a belt circumferentially disposed between the carcass reinforcement and the tread.
- This carcass reinforcement is constituted in known manner by at least one ply (or “layer”) of rubber reinforced by reinforcement elements (“reinforcements”) such as cords or monofilaments, generally of the metal type in the case of pneumatic tires for industrial vehicles.
- layered cords consisting of a central core and one or more layers of steel are generally used. concentric wires arranged around this soul.
- the most widely used layered cables are essentially M + N or M + N + P construction cables, formed of a core of M wire (s) surrounded by at least one layer of N wires which may itself be surrounded by an outer layer of P son, the M, N or P son having generally the same diameter for reasons of simplification and cost.
- the layered cables must first have good flexibility and a high endurance in flexion, which implies in particular that their son have a relatively small diameter, preferably less than 0, 30 mm, more preferably less than 0.20 mm, generally smaller than that of the son used in conventional cables for tire crown reinforcement.
- These layered cables are, on the other hand, subjected to considerable stresses during the rolling of the tires, in particular to repeated flexures or variations of curvature inducing at the level of the strands of friction, in particular as a result of the contacts between adjacent layers, and therefore of the wear, as well as fatigue; they must therefore have a high resistance to phenomena known as "fatigue-fretting".
- the two-layer cables most used today in the tire carcass reinforcement are essentially 3 + N construction cables consisting of a core or inner layer of 3 wires and of an outer layer of N son (for example, 8 or 9 son), the assembly may be optionally shrunk by an outer hoop thread wound helically around the outer layer.
- This type of construction promotes, as is known, the external penetrability of the cable by the tire calendering rubber or other rubber article during the cooking of the latter, and consequently improves the endurance of the cables. fatigue-fretting- corrosion. Moreover, a good penetration of the cable by rubber makes it possible in a known manner, thanks to a volume of air trapped in the cable which is less, to reduce the cooking times of the tires (reduced "time in press").
- construction cables 3 + N have the disadvantage that they are not penetrable to the core because of the presence of a channel or capillary in the center of the three core wires, which remains empty after external impregnation with rubber and therefore conducive, by a kind of "wicking" effect, to the propagation of corrosive media such as water.
- This disadvantage of construction cables 3 + N is well known, it has been exposed for example in patent applications WO 01/00922, WO 01/49926, WO 2005/071157, WO 2006/013077.
- the method described in this application consists of individually sheathing (ie, single, "wire to wire”) with raw rubber, upstream of the point of assembly of the three wires (or torsion point ), one or preferably each of the three son to obtain an inner layer sheathed with rubber, before the subsequent introduction of the N son of the outer layer by wiring around the inner layer and sheathed.
- calendering consists in transforming the cable, by incorporation between two layers of rubber in the green state, into a rubberized metal fabric used as a semi-finished product for any subsequent manufacture, for example for making a tire. .
- a first object of the invention is a two-layer (Ci, Ce) metal cable of construction 3 + N, gummed in situ, comprising an inner layer (Ci) consisting of three core wires of diameter di wound helical assembly according to a pitch p, and an outer layer (Ce) of N wires, N varying from 6 to 12, of diameter d 2 wound together in a helix in a pitch p 2 around the inner layer (Ci), said cable characterized in that it has the following characteristics (d 1, d 2 , p 1 , p 2 are expressed in mm):
- the inner layer is sheathed by a diene rubber composition called "filling rubber" which, for any cable length of 2 cm or more, is present in the central channel formed by the three core wires and in each of the interstices located between the three core wires and the N wires of the outer layer (Ce); the rate of filling rubber in the cable is between 5 and 35 mg per gram of cable.
- filling rubber a diene rubber composition which, for any cable length of 2 cm or more, is present in the central channel formed by the three core wires and in each of the interstices located between the three core wires and the N wires of the outer layer (Ce); the rate of filling rubber in the cable is between 5 and 35 mg per gram of cable.
- the invention also relates to the use of such a cable for the reinforcement of articles or semi-finished products of rubber, for example webs, pipes, belts, conveyor belts, tires.
- the cable of the invention is particularly intended to be used as reinforcing element of a tire carcass reinforcement intended for industrial vehicles such as vans and vehicles known as "HGVs", that is to say vehicles metros, buses, road transport vehicles such as trucks, tractors, trailers, or off-the-road vehicles, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, and any other type of transport or handling vehicle.
- the invention further relates to these articles or semi-finished rubber products themselves when reinforced by a cable according to the invention, in particular tires for industrial vehicles such as vans or HGVs.
- a construction cable 3 + 9 according to the invention in cross-section, a construction cable 3 + 9 according to the invention, of the compact type (FIG 1); in cross-section, a conventional 3 + 9 construction cable, also of the compact type (Fig. 2); - In cross section, a construction cable 3 + 9 according to the invention, the type with cylindrical layers ( Figure 3); in cross-section, a conventional 3 + 9 construction cable, also of the cylindrical layer type (Fig. 4); an example of an in situ twisting and scrubbing facility suitable for manufacturing compact type cables in accordance with the invention (Fig. 5); in radial section, a heavy-duty pneumatic tire with a radial carcass reinforcement, conforming or not to the invention in this general representation (FIG 6).
- the breaking force measurements denoted Fm (maximum load in N), tensile strength Rm (in MPa) and elongation at break denoted At (total elongation in %) are made in tension according to ISO 6892 of 1984.
- the modulus measurements are carried out in tension, unless otherwise indicated according to ASTM D 412 of 1998 (test piece “C"): it is measured in second elongation (ie after one cycle).
- the secant modulus "true” i.e., reduced to the actual section of the specimen
- ElO normal conditions of temperature and hygrometry according to ASTM D 1349 of 1999.
- This test makes it possible to determine the longitudinal permeability to the air of the cables tested, by measuring the volume of air passing through a specimen under constant pressure for a given time.
- the principle of such a test is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment of a cable to make it impermeable to air; it has been described for example in ASTM D2692-98.
- the test is here performed either on raw manufacturing cables, or on cables extracted from tires or rubber sheets they reinforce, so already coated with rubber in the cooked state.
- the raw manufacturing cables must first be coated from the outside with a so-called coating gum.
- a series of 10 cables arranged in parallel (inter-cable distance: 20 mm) is placed between two skims (two rectangles of 80 x 200 mm) of a rubber composition in the raw state, each skim having a thickness 3.5 mm; the whole is then locked in a mold, each of the cables being kept under a sufficient tension (for example 2 daN) to ensure its straightness during the establishment in the mold, using clamping modules; then the vulcanization (baking) is carried out for 40 min at a temperature of 140 ° C. and under a pressure of 15 bar (rectangular piston of 80 ⁇ 200 mm). After that, the assembly is demolded and cut 10 pieces of cables thus coated, for example in the form of parallelepipeds of dimensions 7x7x20 mm, for characterization.
- the test is carried out for example on 2 cm of cable length, thus coated by its surrounding rubber composition (or coating gum), in the following manner: air is sent to the cable entry, under a pressure of 1 bar, and measure the volume of air at the outlet, using a flowmeter (calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cmVmin).
- a flowmeter calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cmVmin.
- the cable sample is locked in a compressed seal (eg a dense foam or rubber seal) in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other, along its longitudinal axis, is taken into account by the measure; the tightness of the seal is checked beforehand with the aid of a solid rubber specimen, that is to say without cable.
- a compressed seal eg a dense foam or rubber seal
- the average air flow measured (average of the 10 specimens) is even lower than the longitudinal imperviousness of the cable is high.
- the measured values less than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / min are considered as zero; they correspond to a cable that can be described as airtight (totally airtight) along its axis (ie, in its longitudinal direction).
- the amount of filling compound is measured by difference between the weight of the initial cable (thus erased in situ) and the weight of the cable (and therefore that of its threads) whose filling rubber has been eliminated by a suitable electrolytic treatment.
- a sample of cable (length 1 m), wound on itself to reduce its bulk, constitutes the cathode of an electrolyzer (connected to the negative terminal of a generator), while the anode (connected to the positive terminal ) consists of a platinum wire.
- the electrolyte consists of an aqueous solution (demineralized water) comprising 1 mole per liter of sodium carbonate.
- the sample immersed completely in the electrolyte, is energized for 15 min under a current of 300 mA.
- the cable is then removed from the bath, rinsed thoroughly with water. This treatment allows the rubber to be easily detached from the cable (if it is not the case, we continue the electrolysis for a few minutes).
- the eraser is carefully removed, for example by simply wiping with an absorbent cloth, while detaching one by one the son of the cable.
- the threads are again rinsed with water and then immersed in a beaker containing a mixture of deionized water (50%) and ethanol (50%); the beaker is immersed in an ultrasonic tank for 10 minutes. The threads thus devoid of any trace of gum are removed from the beaker, dried under a stream of nitrogen or air, and finally weighed.
- the filling rate in the cable expressed in mg (milligram) of filling rubber per g (gram) of initial cable, is calculated and averaged over 10 measurements (i.e. total cable meters).
- the "belt” test is a known fatigue test which has been described, for example, in EP-A-0 648 891 or WO98 / 41682, the steel test cables being incorporated in a rubber article which is vulcanized.
- the rubber article is an endless belt made with a known rubber-based mixture, similar to those commonly used for radial tire carcasses.
- the axis of each cable is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the belt and the cables are separated from the faces of the latter by a gum thickness of about 1 mm.
- the cable forms a helical winding of the same axis as this cylinder (for example, no helix equal to about 2.5 mm).
- This belt is then subjected to the following stresses: the belt is rotated around two rollers, so that each elementary portion of each cable is subjected to a tension of 12% of the initial breaking force and undergoes cycles of a variation of curvature that changes it from an infinite radius of curvature to a radius of curvature of 40 mm and this for 50 million cycles.
- the test is carried out under a controlled atmosphere, the temperature and humidity of the air in contact with the belt being maintained at about 20 ° C. and 60% relative humidity.
- the duration of the stresses for each belt is of the order of 3 weeks.
- the cables are extracted from the belts, by shelling, and the residual breaking strength of the tired cable wires is measured.
- a belt is identical to the previous one and it is peeled in the same way as before but this time without subjecting the cables to the fatigue test. The initial breaking strength of the non-fatigued cables is thus measured.
- the force-failure decay after fatigue (denoted ⁇ Fm and expressed in%) is calculated by comparing the residual breaking force with the initial breaking force.
- This decay ⁇ Fm is in a known manner due to the fatigue and the wear of the wires caused by the joint action of the stresses and the water coming from the ambient air, these conditions being comparable to those which are subjected the cables of reinforcement in tire carcasses.
- heavy-duty tires are manufactured whose carcass reinforcement consists of a single rubberized web reinforced by the cables to be tested. These tires are mounted on suitable known rims and inflated to the same pressure (with a su ⁇ ression relative to the nominal pressure) with air saturated with moisture. These tires are then rolled on an automatic rolling machine, under a very high load (overload with respect to the nominal load) and at the same speed, for a determined number of kilometers. At the end of rolling, the cables are extracted from the carcass of the tire, by shelling, and the residual breaking force is measured both on the yarns and on the cables thus fatigued.
- the force-failure decay after fatigue (denoted ⁇ Fm and expressed in%) is calculated by comparing the residual breaking force with the initial breaking force.
- This decay ⁇ Fm is due to the fatigue and the wear (reduction of section) of the wires caused by the joint action of the various mechanical stresses, in particular of the intense work of the contact forces between the wires, and of the water from the ambient air, in other words to the fatigue-fretting- corrosion experienced by the cable inside the tire, when driving.
- any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e. terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
- the two-layer metal cable (Ci, Ce) of the invention, of construction 3 + N therefore comprises: an inner layer (Ci) consisting of three core wires of diameter d, wound together in a helix in a pitch pi; and an outer layer (Ce) of N wires, N varying from 6 to 12, of diameter d 2 wound together helically in a pitch p 2 around the inner layer (Ci).
- the inner layer is sheathed by a diene rubber composition called "filling rubber" which, for any cable length of 2 cm or more, is present in the central channel formed by the three core wires and in each of the interstices located between the three core wires and the N wires of the outer layer (Ce); the rate of filling rubber in the cable is between 5 and 35 mg per gram of cable.
- filling rubber a diene rubber composition which, for any cable length of 2 cm or more, is present in the central channel formed by the three core wires and in each of the interstices located between the three core wires and the N wires of the outer layer (Ce); the rate of filling rubber in the cable is between 5 and 35 mg per gram of cable.
- This cable of the invention can thus be described as gummed cable in situ: its inner layer Ci and its outer layer Ce are separated radially by a filling rubber sheath which fills, at least in part, each of the interstices or cavities present between the inner layer Ci and the outer layer Ce.
- a filling rubber sheath which fills, at least in part, each of the interstices or cavities present between the inner layer Ci and the outer layer Ce.
- its central capillary formed by the three wires of the inner layer is also penetrated by the filling rubber.
- the cable of the invention has another essential feature that its filling rubber level is between 5 and 35 mg of gum per g of cable.
- the level of filling gum be between 5 and 30 mg, for example in a range of 10 to 25 mg per g of cable.
- the following characteristic is verified: on any cable length of 2 cm or more, the cable is sealed or almost airtight in the longitudinal direction. In other words, each gap
- the (or cavity) of the cable 3 + N, including the central channel formed by the three core wires comprises at least one plug (or internal partition) of filling rubber every 2 cm, so that said cable (or when externally coated with a polymer such as rubber) is sealed or substantially airtight in its longitudinal direction.
- a 3 + N "airtight" cable is characterized by an average airflow of less than or equal to 0.2 cmVmin.
- a cable 3 + N said "almost airtight” is characterized by an average air flow less than 2 cmVmin, more preferably less than 1 cm 3 / min.
- the cable of the invention is devoid of or substantially free of filling rubber at its periphery.
- no particle of filling compound is visible, with the naked eye, at the periphery of the cable, that is to say that the person skilled in the art does not make any difference , with the naked eye and at a distance of two meters or more, between a 3 + N cable coil which is in accordance with the invention and a conventional 3 + N cable coil not gummed in situ, at the output of manufacture.
- the diameters of the wires of the layers Ci and Ce, whether these wires have an identical diameter or not from one layer to another verify the following relationships:
- the following relationship is satisfied: 0.5 ⁇ pi / p 2 ⁇ 1.
- the pitch "p" represents the length, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which a wire having this pitch performs a complete revolution about said axis of the cable.
- the two layers Ci and Ce have the other characteristic of being wound in the same direction of torsion (S / S or Z / Z).
- the compactness is such that virtually no distinct layer of wires is visible;
- the cross-section of such cables has a contour which is polygonal and non-cylindrical, as illustrated for example in FIG. 1 (compact cable 3 + 9 according to the invention) or in FIG. 2 (compact cable 3+ 9 witness, that is, not erased in situ).
- the outer layer Ce has the preferential characteristic of being a saturated layer, that is to say that, by definition, there is not enough room in this layer to add at least one (N ma ⁇ + 1 y) yarn diameter d 2 , N max representing the maximum number of windable son in a layer around the inner layer Ci.
- This construction has the advantage of limiting the risk of overflow of filling rubber at its periphery and to offer, for a given diameter of the cable, a higher resistance.
- the number N of wires can vary to a very large extent according to the particular embodiment of the invention, for example from 6 to 12 wires, it being understood that the maximum number of wires N max will be increased if their diameter d 2 is reduced compared to the diameter of the core son, in order to preferentially keep the outer layer in a saturated state.
- N 10: 1.0 ⁇ (d, / d 2 ) ⁇ 1, 3.
- Particularly selected from the above cables are those consisting of wires having substantially the same diameter from one layer to another (ie d
- d 2 ).
- the outer layer has 9 wires.
- the 3 + N cable of the invention can be of two types, namely of the compact type or the type with cylindrical layers.
- all the wires of the layers Ci and Ce are wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the direction S (arrangement "S / S"), or in the direction Z (disposition "Z / Z ").
- the winding in the same direction of the layers Ci and Ce advantageously makes it possible to minimize the friction between these two layers and therefore the wear of the wires which constitute them.
- the construction of the cable of the invention advantageously allows the removal of the wire hoop, thanks to a better penetration of the rubber in its structure and self-hooping resulting.
- wire rope is meant by definition in the present application a cable formed of son constituted mainly (that is to say for more than 50% in number of these son) or integrally (for 100% son) a metallic material.
- the wires of the layer Ci are preferably made of steel, more preferably of carbon steel.
- the wires of the layer Ce are themselves made of steel, preferably carbon steel. But it is of course possible to use other steels, for example a stainless steel, or other alloys.
- carbon steel When carbon steel is used, its carbon content is preferably between
- Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may also consist, depending on the applications concerned, of using steels with a low carbon content, for example between 0.2% and 0.5%, in particular because of a cost lower and easier to draw.
- the metal or steel used may itself be coated with a metal layer improving, for example, the properties of implementation of the wire rope and / or its constituent elements, or the properties of use of the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as adhesion properties, corrosion resistance or resistance to aging.
- the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc; it is recalled that during the wire manufacturing process, the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber.
- the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
- a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
- the cables of the invention are preferably carbon steel and have a tensile strength (Rm) preferably greater than 2500 MPa, more preferably greater than 3000 MPa.
- the total elongation at break (At) of the cable, the sum of its structural, elastic and plastic elongations, is preferably greater than 2.0%, more preferably at least 2.5%.
- the diene elastomer (or indistinctly "rubber”, both of which are considered synonymous) of the filling compound is preferably a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), polyisoprenes of synthesis (IR), the various butadiene copolymers, the various isoprene copolymers, and the mixtures of these elastomers.
- BR polybutadienes
- NR natural rubber
- IR polyisoprenes of synthesis
- Such copolymers are more preferably chosen from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), whether the latter are prepared by emulsion polymerization (ESBR) or in solution (SSBR), the isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR ), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR) and isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBIR).
- SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
- ESBR emulsion polymerization
- SSBR solution
- BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
- SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
- SBIR isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers
- a preferred embodiment consists in using an "isoprene" elastomer, that is to say a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR). , the synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various isoprene copolymers and the mixtures of these elastomers.
- the isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic polyisoprene of the type cis-1,4.
- polyisoprenes having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used.
- the diene elastomer may consist, in whole or in part, of another diene elastomer such as, for example, an SBR elastomer used in or with another elastomer, for example type BR.
- the filling rubber may contain one or more diene elastomer (s), which may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or with polymers other than elastomers.
- the filling rubber is of the crosslinkable type, that is to say that it generally comprises a crosslinking system adapted to allow the crosslinking of the composition during its baking (i.e., its hardening).
- the system for crosslinking the rubber sheath is a so-called vulcanization system, that is to say based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
- vulcanization system that is to say based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
- sulfur or a sulfur-donor agent
- a primary vulcanization accelerator To this basic vulcanization system may be added various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators.
- the sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 1 and 8 phr
- the primary vulcanization accelerator for example a sulfenamide
- the invention also applies to cases where the filling gum is free of sulfur and even of any other crosslinking system, it being understood that could be sufficient, for its own crosslinking, the crosslinking or vulcanization system already present in the matrix. rubber that the cable of the invention is intended to reinforce, and capable of migrating by contact of said surrounding matrix to the filling rubber.
- the filling rubber may also comprise, in addition to said crosslinking system, all or part of the additives normally used in rubber matrices intended for the manufacture of tires, such as, for example, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or inorganic fillers such as silica, coupling agents, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, plasticizing agents or extension oils, whether the latter are of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, especially very low or non-aromatic oils, for example of the type naphthenic or paraffinic, high or preferably low viscosity, MES or TDAE oils, plasticizing resins with high Tg greater than 30 0 C, agents facilitating the implementation (processability) of the compositions in the green state, tackifying resins, anti-eversion agents, methylene acceptors and donors such as, for example, HMT (hexamethylenethane) ethanol) or H3M (hexamethoxymethylmelamine), reinforcing resins (such as resorcinol or bismaleimide), known adh
- the level of reinforcing filler is preferably greater than 50 phr, for example between 60 and 140 phr. It is more preferably greater than 70 phr, for example between 70 and 120 phr.
- carbon blacks for example, all carbon blacks are suitable, in particular blacks of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type conventionally used in tires (so-called pneumatic grade blacks). Among the latter, mention will be made more particularly of carbon blacks of (ASTM) grade 300, 600 or 700 (for example N326, N330, N347, N375, N683, N772).
- Suitable reinforcing inorganic fillers are, in particular, mineral fillers of the silica (SiO 2) type, in particular precipitated or pyrogenic silica having a BET surface area of less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the formulation of the filling rubber can be chosen to be identical to the formulation of the rubber matrix that the cable of the invention is intended to reinforce; thus, there is no problem of compatibility between the respective materials of the filling rubber and said rubber matrix.
- the formulation of the filling gum may be chosen different from the formulation of the rubber matrix that the cable of the invention is intended to reinforce.
- the formulation of the filling gum may be adjusted by using a relatively high quantity of adhesion promoter, typically for example from 5 to 15 phr of a metal salt such as a cobalt salt, a nickel salt or a lanthanide salt such as neodymium (see in particular application WO 2005/113666), and advantageously reducing the amount of said promoter (or even completely eliminating it) in the surrounding rubber matrix.
- a relatively high quantity of adhesion promoter typically for example from 5 to 15 phr of a metal salt such as a cobalt salt, a nickel salt or a lanthanide salt such as neodymium (see in particular application WO 2005/113666), and advantageously reducing the amount of said promoter (or even completely eliminating it) in the surrounding rubber matrix.
- the filling rubber has, in the crosslinked state, a secant modulus in extension ElO (at 10% elongation) which is between 2 and 25 MPa, more preferably between 3 and 20 MPa, in particular included in a range of 3 to 15 MPa.
- the invention relates of course to the previously described cable both in the green state (its filling rubber then being uncured) than in the cooked state (its filling rubber then being vulcanized).
- Figure 1 shows schematically, in section perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed rectilinear and at rest), an example of a preferred cable 3 + 9 according to the invention.
- This type of construction has the consequence that the inner (10) and outer (11) wires form two concentric layers which each have a substantially polygonal contour (represented in dotted lines) (triangular for the Ci, hexagonal layer for the Ce layer), and not cylindrical as in the case of cables with cylindrical layers which will be described later.
- the filling rubber (12) fills the central capillary (13) (symbolized by a triangle) formed, delimited by the three core wires (10) by spreading them very slightly, while completely covering the internal layer Ci formed by the three wires (10). It also fills each interstice or cavity (also symbolized by a triangle) formed, delimited either by a core wire (10) and the two external wires (11) which are immediately adjacent to it, or by two core wires (10). ) and the outer wire (11) adjacent thereto; in total, 12 interstices are thus present in this cable 3 + 9, to which is added the central capillary (13).
- the filling rubber extends in a continuous manner around the layer Ci it covers.
- Figure 2 recalls the section of a cable 3 + 9 (noted C-2) conventional (i.e., not gummed in situ), also of the compact type.
- C-2 conventional (i.e., not gummed in situ), also of the compact type.
- the absence of filling rubber makes practically all the son (20, 21) in contact with each other, which leads to a particularly compact structure, also very difficult to penetrate (not to say impenetrable) from the outside by rubber.
- the characteristic of this type of cable is that the three core wires (20) form a central channel or capillary (23) which is empty and closed and thus conducive, by "wicking" effect, to the propagation of corrosive media such as that water.
- FIG 3 shows another example of a preferred cable 3 + 9 according to the invention.
- this type of construction has the consequence that the wires are arranged in two adjacent and concentric, tubular layers (Ci and Ce), giving the cable (and the two layers) a cylindrical and non-polygonal contour (shown in dotted lines). .
- the filling rubber (32) fills the central capillary (33) (symbolized by a triangle) formed by the three core wires (30) slightly apart, while completely covering the inner layer Ci formed by the three wires ( 30). It also fulfills, at least in part (here, in this example, totally) each interstice or cavity formed, delimited either by a core wire (30) and the two external wires (31) which are immediately adjacent thereto (the most close), or by two core wires (30) and the outer wire (31) adjacent thereto.
- Figure 4 recalls the section of a cable 3 + 9 (noted C-4) conventional (i.e., not gummed in situ), also of the type with two cylindrical layers.
- C-4 conventional (i.e., not gummed in situ), also of the type with two cylindrical layers.
- the absence of filling rubber causes the three wires (40) of the inner layer (Ci) to come into close contact with each other, which leads to a central, empty and closed capillary 43, which is impenetrable. on the outside by rubber and propitious on the other hand to the propagation of corrosive media.
- the cable of the invention could be provided with an outer hoop, constituted for example by a single wire, metallic or not, helically wound around the cable in a shorter pitch than that of the outer layer, and a sense of winding opposite or identical to that of this outer layer.
- the cable of the invention already self-shrunk, generally does not require the use of an external hoop, which advantageously solves the wear problems between the hoop and son the outermost layer of the cable.
- a hoop wire in the general case where the son of the outer layer are carbon steel, then one can advantageously choose a stainless steel wire hoop to reduce the fretting wear of these son carbon steel in contact with the stainless steel hoop, as taught for example in the application WO-A-98/41682, the stainless steel wire may optionally be replaced, in an equivalent manner, by a composite yarn which only the skin is made of stainless steel and the carbon steel core, as described for example in the document EP-A-976 541. It is also possible to use a hoop consisting of a polyester or a thermotropic aromatic polyester-amide, such as described in WO-A-03/048447. II-2. Manufacture of the cable 3 + N of the invention
- the cable of the invention of construction 3 + N previously described can be manufactured according to a method comprising the following four steps operated online:
- the wires are not twisted around their own axis, due to a synchronous rotation before and after the assembly point; either by twisting: in such a case, the son undergo both a collective twist and an individual twist around their own axis, which generates a torque of detorsion on each son.
- An essential feature of the above method is to use, both for the assembly of the inner layer and for that of the outer layer, a twisting step.
- the three core wires are twisted together (direction S or Z) to form the inner layer Ci, in a manner known per se; the son are delivered by feeding means such as coils, a distribution grid, coupled or not to a connecting grain, intended to converge the core son in a common point of torsion (or point of assembly).
- the inner layer (Ci) thus formed is then sheathed with filling gum in the green state, provided by an extrusion screw at an appropriate temperature.
- the filling rubber can thus be delivered at a fixed point, unique and compact, by means of a single extrusion head, without using an individual sheathing son upstream of the assembly operations, before forming the inner layer, as described in the prior art.
- This method has the significant advantage of not slowing down the conventional assembly process. It enables the complete initial twisting, scrubbing and final twisting operation in one step, irrespective of the type of cable produced (compact cable as cable to cylindrical layers), all this at high speed.
- the above method can be implemented at a speed (running speed of the cable on the twisting-scrub line) greater than 50 m / min, preferably greater than 70 m / min.
- the tension exerted on the three son is preferably between 10 and 25% of the breaking force of the son.
- the extrusion head may comprise one or more dies, for example an upstream guide die and a downstream die calibration. It is possible to add continuous measurement and control means of the diameter of the cable connected to the extruder.
- the extrusion temperature of the filling rubber is between 60 ° C. and 120 ° C., more preferably between 60 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- the extrusion head thus defines a cladding zone having the shape of a cylinder of revolution whose diameter is preferably between 0.15 mm and 0.8 mm, more preferably between 0.2 and 0.6 mm, and whose length is preferably between 4 and 10 mm.
- the amount of filling gum delivered by the extrusion head can be adjusted easily so that in the final 3 + N cable this amount is between 5 and 35 mg, preferably between 5 and 30 mg, especially in a range of 10 to 25 mg per g of cable.
- the inner layer Ci at any point of its periphery, is covered with a minimum thickness of filling rubber which is preferably greater than 5 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than 10 ⁇ m, by example between 10 and 50 microns.
- the final assembly is carried out, always by twisting (S or Z direction), of the N wires of the outer layer (Ce) around the inner layer (Ci) and sheathed.
- twisting S or Z direction
- the N son come to rely on the eraser, to become embedded in the latter.
- the filling rubber moving under the pressure exerted by these external son, then naturally tends to fill, at least in part, each of the interstices or cavities left empty by the son, between the inner layer (Ci) and the layer external (Ce).
- the cable 3 + N of the invention is not finished: its central channel, delimited by the three core wires, is not yet filled with filling rubber, in any case insufficiently for obtaining acceptable air impermeability.
- the next essential step is to route the cable through torsion balancing means.
- torsion balancing is meant here in known manner the cancellation of the residual torsional torques (or of the detorsion springback) exerted on each wire of the cable, in the inner layer as in the outer layer.
- Torsion balancing tools are well known to those skilled in the art of twisting; they may consist for example of "trainers” and / or “twisters” and / or “twisting-trainers” consisting of either pulleys for the twisters, or small diameter rollers for trainers, pulleys or rollers through which circulates the cable, in a single plane or preferably in at least two different planes.
- the torsion exerted on the three core wires is sufficient to force, to drive the filling gum in the raw state (ie, not crosslinked uncured), still hot and relatively fluid, from the outside to the heart of the cable, even inside the central channel formed by the three son, ultimately offering the cable of the invention the excellent property of air impermeability that characterizes it.
- the additional training function provided by the use of a trainer tool, would have the advantage that the contact of the rollers of the trainer with the son of the outer layer will exert additional pressure on the filling rubber further promoting its penetration into the central capillary formed by the three souls.
- the method described above exploits the twisting of the three core wires, in the final stage of manufacture of the cable, to distribute, naturally, the filling rubber in and around the inner layer (Ci), while perfectly controlling the amount of filling compound provided.
- Those skilled in the art will in particular be able to adjust the arrangement, the diameter of the pulleys and / or rollers of the torsion-balancing means, in order to vary the intensity of the radial pressure acting on the various wires.
- the manufacture of the cable 3 + N of the invention is complete.
- This cable can be wound on a receiving reel, for storage, before being processed, for example, through a calendering installation, for preparing a metal-rubber composite fabric.
- the method described above makes it possible to manufacture cables in accordance with the invention which may advantageously be devoid of (or almost free of) filling rubber at their periphery.
- the method described above is of course applicable to the manufacture of compact type cables (for recall and by definition, those whose layers Ci and Ce are wound at the same pitch and in the same direction) as cables of the type with cylindrical layers (As a reminder and by definition, those whose layers Ci and Ce are wound either in different steps or in opposite directions, or in different steps and in opposite directions).
- An assembly and scrubbing device that can be used for implementing the method described above is a device comprising from upstream to downstream, according to the direction of advancement of a cable being formed:
- feed means for feeding the three core threads; means for assembling by twisting the three core wires for forming the inner layer; means for sheathing the inner layer; at the outlet of the cladding means, means for assembling N external threads around the inner layer thus sheathed, for forming the outer layer; finally, torsion balancing means.
- supply means (510) deliver three core wires (51) through a distribution grid (52) (axisymmetric splitter), coupled or not to a connecting grain (53), beyond which converge the three core son at an assembly point (54) for forming the inner layer (Ci).
- the inner layer Ci once formed, then passes through a cladding zone consisting for example of a single extrusion head (55) through which is intended to circulate the inner layer.
- the distance between the point of convergence (54) and the sheathing point (55) is for example between 50 cm and 1 m.
- the final cable 3 + N thus formed is finally collected on a rotary reception (59), after crossing the torsion balancing means (58) consisting for example of a trainer or twister-trainer.
- the cable of the invention is particularly intended for a tire carcass reinforcement for industrial vehicles such as trucks.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents a radial section of a tire with a metal carcass reinforcement that may or may not conform to the invention, in this general representation.
- This tire 1 has a crown 2 reinforced by a crown reinforcement or belt 6, two sidewalls 3 and two beads 4, each of these beads 4 being reinforced with a rod 5.
- the crown 2 is surmounted by a tread not shown in this schematic figure.
- a carcass reinforcement 7 is wound around the two rods 5 in each bead 4, the upturn 8 of this armature 7 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 1 which is shown here mounted on its rim 9.
- the carcass reinforcement 7 is in known manner constituted by at least one sheet reinforced by so-called "radial” metal cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from a bead to the other so as to form an angle between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 4 and passes through the middle of the crown frame 6).
- the tire according to the invention is characterized in that its carcass reinforcement 7 comprises at least, as reinforcement of at least one carcass ply, a metal cable according to the invention.
- this tire 1 further comprises, in a known manner, a layer of rubber or inner elastomer (commonly known as
- the density of the cables according to the invention is preferably between 40 and 150 cables per dm (decimetre) of carcass ply, more preferably between 70 and 120 cables per dm of ply, the distance between two adjacent cables, axis to axis, being preferably between 0.7 and 2.5 mm, more preferably between 0.75 and 2.2 mm.
- the cables according to the invention are preferably arranged in such a way that the width (denoted Lc) of the rubber bridge between two adjacent cables is between 0.25 and 1.5 mm.
- This width Lc represents, in known manner, the difference between the calendering pitch (no laying of the cable in the rubber fabric) and the diameter of the cable.
- the rubber bridge which is too narrow, risks being degraded mechanically during the working of the sheet, in particular during the deformations undergone in its own plane by extension or shearing. Beyond the maximum indicated, one is exposed to the risk of appearance of appearance defects on the sidewalls of the tires or penetration of objects, by perforation, between the cables. More preferably, for these same reasons, the width Lc is chosen between 0.35 and 1.25 mm.
- the rubber composition used for the fabric of the carcass reinforcement ply has, in the vulcanized state (ie, after curing), a secant modulus in extension ElO which is between 2 and 25 MPa, more preferably between 3 and 20 MPa, especially in a range of 3 to 15 MPa, when the fabric is intended to form a carcass reinforcement ply.
- 3 + 9 layered cables as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, are used, made of fine brass-coated carbon steel wires.
- the carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) that are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, up to an intermediate diameter of about 1 mm.
- the steel used is a known carbon steel (USA AISI 1069 standard) with a carbon content of 0.70%.
- the intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before further processing.
- a degreasing treatment and / or pickling After deposition of a brass coating on these intermediate son, is carried on each wire a so-called “final” work hardening (ie, after the last patenting heat treatment), by cold drawing in a moist medium with a drawing lubricant which is for example in the form of an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
- the steel wires thus drawn have the following diameter and mechanical properties:
- the brass coating that surrounds the son has a very small thickness, significantly less than one micrometer, for example of the order of 0.15 to 0.30 microns, which is negligible compared to the diameter of the steel son.
- the composition of the wire steel in its various elements eg C, Cr, Mn
- the rate of filling rubber, measured according to the method indicated previously in paragraph 1-3, is about 24 mg per gram of cable. This filling gum fills the channel or central capillary formed by the three core wires slightly apart, while completely covering the inner layer Ci formed by the three son.
- This cable C-1 of the invention is devoid of external hoop wire.
- the filling compound is a conventional rubber composition for a tire carcass reinforcement, having the same formulation as that of the rubber sheet. of carcass that the cable C-1 is intended to reinforce in the following test. This composition was extruded at a temperature of about 82 ° C. through a 0.410 mm calibration die.
- the control cable 3 + 9 (C-2), as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, is formed of 12 wires in total diameter 0.18 mm. It comprises an inner layer Ci of 3 wires wound together in a helix (direction S) in a pitch pi equal to about 6.3 mm, this layer Ci being in contact with a cylindrical outer layer of 9 wires themselves wound together in helix (S direction) around the core in a double pitch p2 equal to about 12.5 mm. It also comprises a unitary external hoop wire of small diameter (0.15 mm diameter, no 3.5 mm helix), not shown in FIG. 2 for simplification, designed in particular, in a known manner, to increase the resistance. buckling of the cable and in particular the endurance of the carcass in rolling under low pressure; this control cable is not penetrable from the outside to its center, it is devoid of filling rubber.
- This composition is based on natural rubber (peptized) and carbon black N330 (55 phr); it also comprises the following usual additives: sulfur (6 phr), sulfenamide accelerator (1 phr), ZnO (9 phr), stearic acid (0.7 phr), antioxidant (1.5 phr), cobalt naphthenate (1 phr) pce); the ElO modulus of the composition is about 6 MPa.
- the composite and calendered fabrics thus comprise a rubber matrix formed of two thin layers (approximately 0.6 mm thick) of rubber superimposed on both sides of the cables.
- the calender pitch (no laying of the cables in the rubber fabric) is about 1.5 mm.
- the thickness of rubber on the back of the cables is between 0.15 and 0.25 mm approximately.
- This cable C-3 has the properties shown in Table 4 which follows.
- the C-2 and C-3 layered cords are then calendered to rubberized rubber skims (skims) as described previously in Test 2, followed by two sets of rolling tests.
- heavy vehicle tires (noted respectively P-2 and P-3), of dimensions 225/90 Rl 7.5, with in each series of tires intended for driving, others for shearing on a new tire.
- the carcass reinforcement of these tires consists of a single radial ply consisting of the rubberized fabrics above.
- the tires P-3 reinforced by the C-3 cables of the invention are therefore the tires according to the invention.
- the tires P-2 reinforced by the control cables C-2 constitute the control tires of the prior art; these P-2 tires constitute, because of their recognized performance, a control of choice for this test.
- the tires P-2 and P-3 are therefore identical with the exception of the cables C-2 and C-3 which reinforce their carcass reinforcement 7.
- Their crown reinforcement or belt 6 in particular, is in a manner known per se consisting of two triangulation half-plies reinforced with metal cables inclined by 65 degrees, surmounted by two "superimposed” working plies crossed. These working plies are reinforced by known metal cables arranged substantially parallel to each other and inclined by 26 degrees (radially internal ply) and 18 degrees (radially external ply). The two working plies are furthermore covered by a protective ply reinforced with conventional metal cables (high elongation) inclined at 18 degrees. All angles of inclination indicated are measured relative to the median circumferential plane.
- the average decay ⁇ Fm is given in% in Table 5 below; it is calculated both for the wires of the inner layer Ci and for the wires of the outer layer Ce. Global ⁇ Fm decays are also measured on the cables themselves. Table 5
- the use of the cable C-3 according to the invention makes it possible to increase the longevity of the carcass quite sensibly, which is already excellent in the control tire reinforced by the cable C-2.
- the cables of the invention make it possible to significantly reduce the phenomena of fatigue-fretting-corrosion of the cables in the carcass reinforcement of the tires, in particular of the heavy-duty tires, and to improve the longevity of these tires.
- the cables C-1 of the invention have moreover been subjected to the air permeability test described in FIG. paragraph 1-2, measuring the air volume (in cm 3 ) passing through the cables in 1 minute (average of 10 measurements for each cable tested).
- In situ control gummed cables of the same construction as the CI compact cables of the invention, were prepared by individually sheathing either a single wire, or each of the three wires of the inner layer Ci. This sheathing was made at the same time. using extrusion dies of variable diameter (230 to 300 microns) arranged this time upstream of the assembly point (sheathing and in-line twisting) as described in the prior art; for a rigorous comparison, the amount of filling rubber was adjusted in such a way that the rate of filling rubber in the final cables (between 4 and 30 mg / g of cable, measured according to the method of the paragraph 1-3), which is close to that of the cables of the invention.
- the cable of the invention could be used for reinforcing articles other than tires, for example pipes, belts, conveyor belts; advantageously, it could also be used for reinforcing parts of tires other than their carcass reinforcement, in particular for reinforcing the crown reinforcement of tires for industrial vehicles such as heavy goods vehicles.
- the invention also relates to any multi-strand steel cable whose structure incorporates at least, as elementary strand, a layered cable according to the invention.
- multi-strand cables according to the invention which can be used, for example, in tires for industrial vehicles of the civil engineering type, in particular in their carcass or crown reinforcement, mention may be made of multi-strand cables of known general construction. in itself:
- each elementary strand (or at least a part of them) constituted by a layered cable 3 + N, in particular 3 + 8 or 3 + 9, of the compact type or of the type with cylindrical layers, is a cable 3 + N according to the invention, gummed in situ.
- Such multi-strand steel cables in particular of the type (1 + 6) (3 + 8), (1 + 6) (3 + 9), (3 + 9) (3 + 8) or (3 + 9) ) (3 + 9), could be themselves erased in situ during their manufacture, that is to say that in this case the central strand is itself, or the strands of the center if they are several are themselves, sheathed with unvulcanized filling rubber (this filling compound being of identical or different formulation to that used for the in situ scrubbing of the elementary strands) before the wiring is put in place by the peripheral strands forming the outer layer.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011520359A JP5276717B2 (ja) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | タイヤのカーカス補強材のための現場ゴム引き層状ケーブル |
CN200980129607.7A CN102105634B (zh) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | 用于轮胎的胎体增强件的就地被涂覆橡胶的分层缆线 |
KR1020117004769A KR101547377B1 (ko) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | 금속 코드, 다중 스트랜드 로프 및 타이어 |
US13/057,127 US8869851B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | In-situ rubberized layered cable for carcass reinforcement for tire |
BRPI0916700A BRPI0916700A2 (pt) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | cabo e pneumático |
EP09777384.0A EP2326765B1 (fr) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | Cable a couches gomme in situ pour armature carcasse de pneumatique |
EA201170279A EA018029B1 (ru) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | Прорезиненный по месту слоистый корд для каркасного армирования шины |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0855317 | 2008-08-01 | ||
FR0855317A FR2934614B1 (fr) | 2008-08-01 | 2008-08-01 | Cable a couches gomme in situ pour armature carcasse de pneumatique. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2010012411A1 true WO2010012411A1 (fr) | 2010-02-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2009/005343 WO2010012411A1 (fr) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | Cable a couches gomme in situ pour armature carcasse de pneumatique |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8869851B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2326765B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5276717B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101547377B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102105634B (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0916700A2 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA018029B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2934614B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010012411A1 (fr) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2947574A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-07 | Michelin Soc Tech | Cable multitorons dont les torons elementaires sont des cables a deux couches gommes in situ. |
FR2947575A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-07 | Michelin Soc Tech | Cable multitorons dont les torons elementaires sont des cables a deux couches gommes in situ. |
FR2950904A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-04-08 | Michelin Soc Tech | Cable metallique multitorons a haute permeabilite. |
WO2013075984A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-30 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Câble métallique à deux couches, gommé in situ par un élastomère thermoplastique insaturé. |
WO2013075985A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-30 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procédé de fabrication d'un câble métallique à deux couches gommé in situ par un élastomère thermoplastique insaturé |
WO2013092621A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
WO2013092623A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
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BR112017028476A2 (pt) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-08-28 | Kordsa Teknik Tekstil Anonim Sirketi | novo cabo de pneu de aramida bielástica como reforço de carcaça |
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WO2020141012A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-09 | Goldhofer Ag | Véhicule à charge lourde |
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FR2947575A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-07 | Michelin Soc Tech | Cable multitorons dont les torons elementaires sont des cables a deux couches gommes in situ. |
WO2011000963A3 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-03-03 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Cable multitorons dont les torons elementaires sont des cables a deux couches gommes in situ |
WO2011000964A3 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-03-03 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Cable multitorons dont les torons elementaires sont des cables a deux couches gommes in situ |
US8863490B2 (en) | 2009-07-03 | 2014-10-21 | Michelin Recherche Et Techniques S.A. | Multi-strand cord in which the basic strands are dual layer cords, rubberized in situ |
US8857146B2 (en) | 2009-07-03 | 2014-10-14 | Michelin Recherche Et Techniques S.A. | Multi-strand cord in which the basic strands are dual layer cords, rubberized in situ |
FR2947574A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-07 | Michelin Soc Tech | Cable multitorons dont les torons elementaires sont des cables a deux couches gommes in situ. |
JP2013531741A (ja) * | 2010-05-20 | 2013-08-08 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | 不飽和熱可塑性エラストマーによって現場ゴム引きした多層状金属コード |
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WO2013075985A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-30 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procédé de fabrication d'un câble métallique à deux couches gommé in situ par un élastomère thermoplastique insaturé |
US9617662B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2017-04-11 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Two-layered metal cord rubberized in situ by an unsaturated thermoplastic elastomer |
US9617661B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2017-04-11 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method of manufacturing a two-layer metal cord rubberized in situ using an unsaturated thermoplastic elastomer |
WO2013092623A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
WO2013092612A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
WO2013092618A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
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WO2013092609A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
WO2013092621A1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armature de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite, et des fils textiles associes a l'armature de carcasse |
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WO2015004206A1 (fr) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des cables d'armatures de carcasse presentant une faible permeabilite |
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WO2015004210A1 (fr) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique comportant des epaisseurs variables des melanges caoutchouteux interieurs a l'armature de carcasse |
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CN110582605A (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-12-17 | 株式会社普利司通 | 弹性体增强用帘线 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2326765B1 (fr) | 2015-09-30 |
JP2011530013A (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
FR2934614B1 (fr) | 2010-09-10 |
US20110198008A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
KR20110045030A (ko) | 2011-05-03 |
CN102105634A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
EA018029B1 (ru) | 2013-04-30 |
FR2934614A1 (fr) | 2010-02-05 |
BRPI0916700A2 (pt) | 2015-11-10 |
EP2326765A1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 |
JP5276717B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
US8869851B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
KR101547377B1 (ko) | 2015-08-25 |
EA201170279A1 (ru) | 2011-08-30 |
CN102105634B (zh) | 2012-08-08 |
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