Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
  • A61L15/44—Medicaments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
  • A61L2300/25—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a defined sequence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
  • A61L2300/402—Anaestetics, analgesics, e.g. lidocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
  • A61L2300/41—Anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. NSAIDs

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a composition for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation, preferably for the treatment of acute pain, chronic pain, inflammatory pain, pain induced by cancer or by cancer treatment, visceral pain, neuropathic pain, post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, migraine and fibromyalgia.
• This composition contains an effective amount of at least one peptide that possesses a sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of the SNAP-25 protein, or of its cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• nociceptor neurons a group of sensorial neurons, known as nociceptor neurons, or nociceptors
• Nociceptor neurons convey information about tissue damage to the processing centers of the sensation of pain in the spinal cord and the brain [Belmonte, C. and Cen/er ⁇ , F. Eds. (1996) "Neurobiology of Nociceptors” Oxford University Press; Baranauskas, G. and Nistri, A. (1998) "Sensitization of pain pathways in the spinal cord: cellular mechanisms" Prog. Neurobiol.
• nociceptors An important characteristic of nociceptors is that although they are mainly primary afferent neurons, once activated, they are capable of exerting an efferent function by releasing pro-algesic and proinflammatory molecules as substance P (SP), the peptide related to calcitonin (CGRP), histamine, ATP, glutamate, and bradykinin (BK). These molecules promote autocrine and paracrine activation of neighboring neurons as well as other cell types such as mast cells, neutrophils and platelets.
• SP substance P
• CGRP the peptide related to calcitonin
• BK bradykinin
• NGF neurotrophins
• cytokines ⁇ -TNF, IL1-/?, IL-6
• prostaglandins ⁇ -TNF, IL1-/?, IL-6
• protons ⁇ -TNF, IL1-/?, IL-6
• nociceptors enhancing local inflammation or neurogenic inflammation, altering nociceptive excitability or peripheral sensitization, and causing changes in the perception of stimuli applied to the damaged area, such as hyperalgesia, defined as an exaggerated response to a modestly harmful stimulus, such as mild temperatures of 35-4O 0 C, or allodynia, defined as the phenomenon in which stimuli that are not harmful are perceived as painful, such as a light breeze [Belmonte, C. and Cerver ⁇ , F. Eds. (1996) "Neurobiology of Nociceptors” Oxford University Press; Baranauskas, G. and Nistri, A.
• the target receptors of the intracellular signaling pathways include channels activated by selective voltage to the Na + ion and the receptor of TRPV1 vanilloids, a sensory integrator of chemical and thermal noxious stimuli, as well as mechanosensitive channels.
• neuronal receptor antagonists such as TRPV1 , Na + channels, bradykinin receptors or purinegenic receptors will behave as powerful anti-inflammatory and/or analgesics agents.
• TRPV1 receptor Garcia-Martinez, C, Planells-Cases, R., Fernandez, A.M. Royo, M., Albehcio, F., Messeguer, A., Perez-Paya, E., Carre ⁇ o, C. and Ferrer-Montiel, A. (2003) "Small molecules targeting the TRPV1 complex as new drugs for pain management" Drugs of the Future 28, 15-23].
• NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• NSAIDs have side effects that limit their usefulness; on the one hand, they have a ceiling of activity over which an increase in the dose does not decrease pain, on the other hand, they can also cause irritation in the intestinal tract, and therefore their prolonged use can lead to the development of a gastric ulcer. This is truly critical in elderly patients, who frequently consume NSAIDs on a daily basis for the treatment of chronic arthritic pathologies.
• opioids also have unwanted side effects, such as constipation, respiratory system depression and psychoactive effects such as euphoria, sedation and addiction. These side effects occur at doses similar to those used in treatment, so that the doses that can be administered to patients are severely limited, meaning that their use is often relegated to the treatment of terminal patients.
• the molecular bases of neurogenic inflammation also involve an additional therapeutic target, such as blocking or inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory (or pro-algesics) neural substances like CGRP, substance P, L-glutamate, ATP, histamine, etc., which are responsible for stimulating the immune and nervous systems.
• pro-inflammatory or pro-algesics
• CGRP CGRP
• substance P substance P
• L-glutamate substance P
• ATP ATP
• histamine histamine
• Pro-algesic neuronal substances are released through a mechanism of exocytosis dependent on cation Ca 2+ and mediated by SNARE proteins [Bennett, M.K. and Scheller, R.H. (1993) "The molecular machinery for secretion is conserved from yeast to neurons" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
• botulinum toxin A a potent inhibitor of neuronal exocytosis, which destroys the SNAP-25 protein
• botulinum toxin A a potent inhibitor of neuronal exocytosis, which destroys the SNAP-25 protein
• botulinum toxin causes its administration, in a broad range of doses, to involve unwanted side effects, such as immunogenic responses, headaches, nausea, muscle paralysis or weakness, respiratory failure and, in the most extreme cases, the death of the treated subject [FDA News, February 8, 2008, "FDA
• the applicant of this invention has determined that there are compounds which may show anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic activity by interfering with the formation of the SNARE complex required for neuronal exocytosis and solve the problems presented by treatment with botulinum toxin. It is known in the state of the art that certain peptides derived from the sequences of proteins that form the SNARE complex can inhibit neuronal exocytosis, such as, for example, peptides derived from the amino and carboxyl domains of the SNAP-25 protein [Apland, J.P., Biser, J.A., Adler, M., Ferrer- Montiel, A. M., Montal, M., Canaves, J. M., and Filbert, M.G.
• This invention provides a solution to existing needs, which comprises the demonstration that peptides derived from the SNAP-25 protein, which block neuronal exocytosis, are anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic.
• This invention provides a simple, effective and risk-free solution for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation, which comprises the application of a composition which contains at least one peptide which possesses a sequence of 3 to 40 adjacent amino acids contained in the amino acid sequence of the SNAP-25 protein, defined by SEQ ID No. 1.
• a first aspect of this invention concerns a composition for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation, which comprises an effective amount of at least one peptide according to the general formula (I):
• R 1 -AA-R 2 (I) its stereoisomers and mixtures thereof, racemic or not, and its cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in which AA is a sequence of 3 to 40 adjacent amino acids contained in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1 ;
• Ri is selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group, substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl, substituted or non-substituted heterocyclyl, substituted or non-substituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl and R 5 -C(O)-; and
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -NR 3 R 4 , -OR 3 and -SR 3 ; where R 3 and R 4 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group, substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl, substituted or non-substituted heterocyclyl, substituted or non- substituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl and substituted or non-substituted aralkyl; wherein R 5 is selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or non- substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group, substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl, substituted or non-substituted heterocyclic and substituted or non-substituted heteroarylalkyl.
• the composition for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation is a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.
• AA is a sequence of 3 to 30 adjacent amino acids contained in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
• the preferred structures of the peptides represented in the general formula (I) are those where
• R 1 is H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group of C 2 to C 24 , substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl group of C 2 to C 24 , or R 5 -C (O)-, wherein R 5 is a substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group of C 1 to C 24 , or a substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl group of C 1 to C 24 ; and
• R 2 is -NR 3 R 4 or -OR 3 , wherein R 3 and R 4 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group of C 1 to C 24 and substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl group of C 1 to C 24 .
• R 1 is a polyethylene glycol polymer.
• n can vary from 1 to 100, and most preferably can range between 1 and 5.
• preferred structures are those wherein R 1 is H, acetyl, tert-butanoyl, hexanoyl, 2-methylhexanoyl, cyclohexancarboxyl, octanoyl, decanoyl, lauroyl, miristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, oleoyl and linoleoyl.
• preferred structures are those wherein R 3 and R 4 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, hexyl, dodecyl and hexadecyl.
• Peptides comprised in the composition of this invention may exist as stereoisomers or mixtures of stereoisomers; for example, the amino acids that make them up can have
• the preferred structures of the peptides comprised in the composition of the invention are pure isomers, i.e., enantiomers or diastereomers.
• non-cyclic aliphatic group is used in this invention to encompass, for example and not limited thereto, alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups, linear or branched.
• alkyl group refers in this invention to a linear or branched saturated group, having 1 to 24, preferably 1 to 16, even more preferably 1 to 14, still more preferably 1 to 12, still more preferably 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and which is bound to the rest of the molecule through a simple bond, including, for example and not limited thereto, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, terf-butyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, lauryl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-methylbutyl, 5-methylhexyl and the
• alkenyl group refers in this invention to a group that has between 2 and 24, preferably between 2 and 16, even more preferably between 2 and 14, still more preferably between 2 and 12, still more preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, preferably with 1 , 2 or 3 carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not conjugated, which is bound to the rest of the molecule through a simple bond, including for example and not limited thereto, the vinyl, oleyl, linoleyl group and the like.
• alkynyl group refers in this invention to a group that has between 2 and 24, preferably between 2 and 16, even more preferably between 2 and 14, still more preferably between 2 and 12, still more preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms with one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds, preferably 1 , 2 or 3 triple carbon-carbon bonds, conjugated or not conjugated, which is bound to the rest of the molecule through a simple bond, including, for example and not limited thereto, the ethynyl group, 1- propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butinyl, pentynyl, e.g. 1-pentynyl, and the like.
• alicyclyl group is used in this invention to encompass, for example, and not limited thereto, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl groups.
• cycloalkyl refers in this invention to a mono- or polycyclic saturated aliphatic group which has between 3 and 24, preferably between 3 and 16, even more preferably between 3 and 14, still more preferably between 3 and 12, and still more preferably 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and which is bound to the rest of the molecule through a simple bond, including, for example and not limited thereto, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methyl cyclohexyl, dimethyl cyclohexyl, octahydroindene, decahydronaphtalene, dodecahydro phenalene and the like.
• cycloalkenyl refers in this invention to a mono- or polycyclic non-aromatic aliphatic group that has between 5 and 24, preferably between 5 and 16, even more preferably between 5 and 14, still more preferably between 5 and 12, and still more preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, preferably 1 , 2 or 3 carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not conjugated, and which is bound to the rest of the molecule through a simple bond, including for example and not limited thereto, the cyclopent-1-en-1-yl group and the like.
• cycloalkynyl refers in this invention to a mono- or polycyclic non-aromatic aliphatic group that has between 5 and 24, preferably between 5 and 16, even more preferably between 5 and 14, still more preferably between 5 and 12, and still more preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, preferably 1 , 2 or 3 carbon-carbon triple bonds, conjugated or not conjugated, and which is bound to the rest of the molecule through a simple bond, including for example and not limited thereto, the cyclohex-1-in-1-yl group and the like.
• aryl group refers in this invention to an aromatic group which has between 6 to 30, preferably between 6 and 18, even more preferably between 6 and 10, and still more preferably 6 or 10 carbon atoms, composed of 1 2, 3 or 4 aromatic rings linked through a carbon-carbon bond or fused, including, for example and not limited thereto, phenyl, naphthyl, diphenyl, indenyl, phenanthryl or anthranyl inter alia, or an aralkyl group.
• aralkyl group refers in this invention to an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group, having between 7 and 24 carbon atoms and including, for example and not limited thereto, -(CH 2 ) 1-6 -phenyl, -(CH 2 )i- 6 -(1 -naphthyl), -(CH 2 )i- 6 -(2-naphthyl), - (CH 2 ) 1-6 -CH(phenyl) 2 and the like.
• heterocyclyl group refers in this invention to a hydrocarbon ring with 3-10 members in which one or more of the ring atoms, preferably 1 , 2 or 3 ring atoms is an element different from carbon such as for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur and which may be saturated or unsaturated.
• the heterocycle can be a cyclic, mono-cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic system, which may include fused ring systems, and atoms of nitrogen, carbon or sulfur may optionally be oxidized in the heterocyclyl radical; the nitrogen atom can be optionally quaternized and the radical heterocyclic can be partially or completely saturated or be aromatic.
• heterocyclic refers to a ring with 5 or 6 members.
• heteroarylalkyl group refers in this invention to an alkyl group substituted with a substituted or non-substituted aromatic heterocyclyl group, the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the aromatic heterocyclyl group between 2 and 24 carbon atoms and from 1 to 3 atoms other than carbon, including, for example and not limited thereto, -(CH 2 )i- 6 -imidazolyl, -(CH 2 )i -6 -triazolyl, -(CH 2 ) 1 . 6 -thienyl, -(CH 2 ) 1-6 -furyl,- (CH 2 ) 1-6 -pyrrolidinyl and the like.
• amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence from the SNAP-25 protein means any amino acid sequence or fragments of the amino acid sequence of the SNAP-25 protein, defined by the SEQ ID No.1 , or any amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence SEQ ID No.1 by mutation, insertion, deletion or substitution of at least one amino acid, or by degeneration of the genetic code, provided that it corresponds to a peptide that possesses the activity of the SNAP-25 protein.
• Mutations, insertions or substitutions may take place by genetically encoded amino acids or non-coded amino acids, natural or not, for example, and not limited thereto, citrulline, ornithine, sarcosine, desmosine, norvaline, 4-aminobutyric acid, 2-aminobutyric acid, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 1-naphtylalanine, 2-naphtylalanine, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4- chlorophenylalanine, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, 2,4- diaminobutyric acid, cycloserine, carnitine, cystine, penicillamine, pyroglutamic acid, thienylalanine, hydroxyproline, allo- isoleucine, a//o-threonine, isonipecotic acid, isoserine,
• preferred sequences are those that possess a sequence of adjacent amino acids contained in the sequence of the amino-terminal region of the SNAP-25 protein defined by SEQ ID No. 2 or the carboxy-terminal region of the SNAP-25 protein defined by SEQ ID No.
• preferred amino acid sequences are preferably those that have a sequence of adjacent amino acids contained in any one of the sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6, SEQ ID No.7, SEQ ID No.8, SEQ ID No.9, SEQ ID No.10, SEQ ID No.11 , SEQ ID No.12, SEQ ID No.13, SEQ ID No.14, SEQ ID No.
• compositions that comprise peptides substantially homologous to the peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of the SNAP-25 protein, irreversibly chemically modified.
• substantially homologous peptides means in this invention those amino acid sequences that are at least 60%, preferably 80% and more preferably 95% identical to any of the preceding sequences.
• percentage of identity refers to the percentage of amino acids that are identical between two compared amino acid sequences, after an optimal alignment of these sequences, where this percentage is purely statistical and differences between the two amino acid sequences are randomly distributed along the sequence.
• optimal alignment means the alignment of the amino acid sequences resulting in a higher percentage of identity.
• the percentage of identity is calculated by determining the number of identical positions where an amino acid is identical in the two sequences compared, dividing the number of identical positions by the number of positions compared and multiplying the result by 100 to get the percentage of identity between the two sequences.
• Sequence comparisons between two amino acid sequences can be carried out manually or by software such as BLAST algorithm (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), available online at the site http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/.
• compositions in this invention means a salt generally recognized for use in animals and more particularly in humans, including the salts used to form base addition salts, either inorganic, such as, for example, and without limitation thereto, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or aluminum, inter alia, or organic such as, for example and not limited thereto, ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, arginine, lysine, histidine or piperazine inter alia, or acid addition salts, either organic such as for example and without limitation thereto, acetate, citrate, lactate, malonate, maleate, tartrate, fumarate, benzoate, aspartate, glutamate, succinate, oleate, trifluoroacetate, oxalate, pamoate or gluconate, inter alia, or inorganic, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, chloride, sulfate, bo
• the nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable.
• the cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the peptides of the compositions of the invention can be obtained by conventional methods, well known in the state of the art /Serge, S.M., Bighley, LD., and Monkhouse, D.C. (1977) "Pharmaceutical Salts” J. Pharm. Sci 66:1-19]. Additionally, the peptides of the invention can undergo reversible chemical modifications to enhance their bioavailability and ease of crossing of the blood-brain barrier or the epithelial tissue.
• compositions of the invention can be administered by any means that produces contact of the peptides with their action site in the body of a mammal, preferably human beings.
• compositions can be prepared by conventional methods known by persons skilled in the art ["Harry's Cosmeticology”, Eight [sic] edition (2000) Rieger MM., ed., New York Chemical Pub., NY, US; "Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", Twentieth edition (2003) Genaro A.R., ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, US].
• the peptides comprised in the compositions of this invention have variable solubility in water, depending on the nature of their sequences or the possible modifications in their amino- and/or carboxy-terminal that they have. Therefore, the peptides of this invention can be incorporated into compositions by means of an aqueous solution, and those that are not soluble in water can be solubilized in cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable conventional solvents such as, for example, and not limited thereto, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or any combination thereof.
• the effective amount of peptides comprised in the compositions of the invention, their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which must be administered to treat pain and/or inflammation, as well as their dosage, will depend on a number of factors including age, patient condition, the cause of the pain and/or inflammation, the severity of the pain and/or inflammation, the route and frequency of administration and the particular nature of the peptides used. "Effective amount" means a non-toxic but sufficient amount of at least one peptide to provide the desired effect.
• the peptides are used in the composition of this invention at concentrations effective to achieve the desired effect; preferably, in reference to the total weight of the composition, between 0.00000001% (by weight) and 20% (by weight), preferably between 0.000001% (by weight) and 20% (by weight), more preferably between 0.0001% (by weight) and 10% (by weight) and more specifically between 0.0001% (by weight) and 5% (by weight).
• the peptides comprised in the compositions of the invention can also be incorporated into delivery systems and/or sustained release systems.
• delivery systems refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient or carrier with which the peptide derivative of the invention is administered.
• These carriers can be liquids such as water, oils and surfactants, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, castor oils, polysorbates, sorbitan esters, ether sulfates, sulfates, betaines, glucosides, maltosides, fatty alcohols, nonoxynol, poloxamer, polyoxyethylenes, polyethylene glycols, dextrose, glycerol and the like.
• oils and surfactants including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, castor oils, polysorbates, sorbitan esters, ether sulfates, sulfates, betaines, glucosides, maltosides, fatty alcohols, nonoxynol, poloxamer, polyoxyethylenes, polyethylene glycols
• sustained release is used in the conventional sense, referring to a delivery system for a compound that provides gradual release of said compound for a time period and preferably, though not necessarily, with constant release levels of the compound over a period of time.
• Examples of delivery or sustained release systems are liposomes, milliparticles, microparticles, nanoparticles, sponges, vesicles, micelles, millispheres, microspheres and nanospheres, lipospheres, millicapsules, microcapsules, nanocapsules, microemulsions and nanoemulsions, which can be added to achieve greater penetration of the active ingredient and/or to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
• sustained release formulations can be prepared by methods known in the state of the art, and compositions containing them can be administered, for example, by topical administration, including adhesive patches and non-adhesive patches, or by systemic administration, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, by enteral or parenteral route and they preferably should release a relatively constant amount of the peptides comprised in the compositions of the invention.
• the amount of peptide contained in the sustained release formulation will depend, for example, on the site of administration, the kinetics and duration of the release of the peptide of the compositions of the invention, as well as the cause and severity of the pain and/or inflammation, route, frequency of administration and the particular nature of the peptides to be used.
• enterral or parenteral include oral, nasal, inhalational, rectal routes, adhesive or non-adhesive patches, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravascular injections, such as intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intravitreal, spinal, intracranial, intraarticular, intrathecal and intraperitoneal, as well as any similar injection or infusion technique.
• the composition of the invention additionally includes acceptable carriers and/or auxiliary agents necessary for the administration of the composition in the desired manner.
• acceptable carriers and/or auxiliary agents are included excipients, thickeners, diluents, solvents, dispersants, agents to improve freeze-drying or adjuvants suitable for each route of administration and which are known to the man of the art.
• Thickeners include, but are not limited to, water-soluble polymers such as those selected from the group consisting of modified celluloses, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, dextrans, gelatins, collagen, hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• Diluents and solvents include, but are not limited to, those selected from the group consisting of ethanol, polyethylene glycol, glycofurol, ⁇ /-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycerol, propanediol, polypropylene glycol, benzyl alcohol or dimethylsulfoxide.
• Dispersants include, but are not limited to, surfactants selected from the group consisting of monoesters of fatty acids of polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween ® , Emalex, Nikkol ® , Hodag, Dacol or Liposorb ® ), fatty acid monoesters of sorbitan (Span ® ), 15- hydroxystearate polyethylene glycol (Solutol ® HS15), fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol (Crodet, Cithrol, Kessco ® , Nikkol ® , Mapeg ® , Myrj, Tagat ® , Aldo ® , Capmul ® , Glycerox, Lactomul ® or Emerest ® ), esters of polyoxyethylene glycol (Emulphor ® ), polyethoxylated castor oils (Cremophor ® , Emalex, Eumulgin ® , Nikkol ® or Simusol ® ), fatty
• Agents to improve freeze- drying include, but are not limited to, sugars such as those selected from the group consisting of mannitol, saccharose, glucose, fructose, lactose, trehalose, sucrose, dextrose, sorbitol and glycine, gelatins, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
• the composition for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation also comprises one or more acceptable excipients such as humectants, pH buffers, preservatives, bactericidal and fungicidal agents, absorption retardants, absorption accelerators, or any other excipient known to the man of the art.
• the peptides comprised in the compositions of this invention can also be adsorbed on solid organic polymers, or solid mineral carriers such as, but not limited to, talc, bentonite, silica, starch or maltodextrin, inter alia.
• the compositions of the invention can also be incorporated into fabrics, non-woven fabrics and medical devices that are in direct contact with the skin, mucosae and/or the scalp, such that they release the peptides either by biodegradation of the anchoring system to the fabric, non-woven fabric or medical device or by the friction of these ones with the body, body moisture, the pH of the skin or by body temperature.
• fabrics and non-woven fabrics can be used to make garments that are in direct contact with the body.
• Preferred fabrics, non-woven fabrics, garments and medical devices are bandages, gauzes, T-shirts, socks, stockings, underwear, girdles, gloves, diapers, compresses, dressings, bedspreads, towelettes, hydrogels, adhesive patches, non-adhesive patches, micro-electric patches and/or facial masks.
• compositions comprising of the peptides of this invention, their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, can be used in different types of formulations for topical or transdermal application which will optionally contain the acceptable excipients necessary for the formulation of the desired dosage form [Fauli i Trillo C. (1993) in "Tratado de Farmacia Galenica” [Treatise on Galenic Pharmacy], Luzan 5, S.A. Ediations, Madrid].
• Formulations for topical or transdermal application can be presented in any solid, liquid or semi-solid dosage form, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, creams, multiple emulsions such as for example and not limited thereto, emulsions of oil and/or silicon in water, emulsions of water in oil and/or silicone, emulsions of water/oil/water or water/silicone/water and emulsions of oil/water/oil or silicone/water/silicone, anhydrous compositions, aqueous dispersions, oils, milks, balms, foams, lotions, gels, hydroalcoholic solutions, liniments, sera, soaps, shampoos, unguents, mousses, ointments, powders, bars, pencils and spray or aerosol (“sprays”), including "leave-on” formulations and "rinse-off' formulations.
• creams such as for example and not limited thereto, creams, multiple emulsions such as
• formulations for topical or transdermal application can be incorporated by means of techniques known to the man of the art into different types of solid accessories such as, for example and not limited thereto, towelettes, hydrogels, adhesive patches, non-adhesive patches, or facial masks, or may be incorporated into different makeup line products.
• compositions of the invention can additionally include agents that enhance the percutaneous absorption of the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, such as, for example, but not limited thereto, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, surfactants, azone (1- dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one), alcohol, acetone, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, inter alia.
• agents that enhance the percutaneous absorption of the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts such as, for example, but not limited thereto, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, surfactants, azone (1- dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one), alcohol, acetone, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, inter alia.
• compositions of this invention can be applied to local areas to be treated through topical or transdermal route by intradermal injection, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, mechanical pressure, osmotic pressure gradient, occlusive treatment, microinjections or pressure injections without needles, such as injections by pressure of oxygen, micro-electric patches, or any combination thereof, in order to achieve greater penetration of the peptide of the invention.
• the area of application will be determined by the nature of the pain and/or inflammation to treat.
• compositions of the invention can also be administered, in addition to the topical or transdermal route, by any other appropriate means, e.g. by enteral or parenteral route, which will include the acceptable excipients necessary for formulation in the desired dosage form.
• enteral or parenteral route which will include the acceptable excipients necessary for formulation in the desired dosage form.
• the composition of the invention additionally comprises an effective amount of at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant agent, a NO-synthase inhibitor, a skin-relaxing agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic agent, an antimicrobial agent, an antifungal agent, or mixtures thereof.
• this invention refers to a composition that contains an effective amount of at least one peptide with general formula (I), its stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or its cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and an effective amount of at least one analgesic compound and/or anti-inflammatory compound for the purpose of enhancing the analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory effect of the compositions of the invention.
• synthetic compounds such as hydrocortisone, clobetasol, dexamethasone, prednisone, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, amoxiprin, benorylate, choline salicylate, diflunisal, bromfenac, etodolac, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, ibuprofen, carprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, loxoprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, mefenamic acid, meclofenamate, meclofenamic acid, nabumetone, phenylbuta
• compositions of this invention were determined in animal models of pain and inflammation.
• the compositions of the invention can reduce the inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, as well as inhibit the thermal hyperalgesia produced by intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA).
• CFA Complete Freund's Adjuvant
• the compositions of this invention are suitable for the treatment of the pain and/or inflammation that occurs in response to various noxious stimuli (mechanical, chemical and thermal) that cause acute and chronic inflammatory pain, as well as from lesions in the nervous system that cause neuropathic pain, and pain and/or inflammation in those pathologies involving visceral pain.
• pain and inflammation are included, for example, but not limited thereto, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain, including abdominal pain, pain of the digestive system, pain of the respiratory system, pain of the urogenital system, pain of the endocrine system, heart pain, pancreatic pain, intestinal pain, stomach pain, spleen pain, blood vessel pain, irritable bowel syndrome, tensional headache pain, headache associated with sinusitis, migraine, eye pain, dry eye syndrome, post-operative pain, including post-operative pain due to surgical incisions, the insertion of implants in bone, bone replacement and/or infection, pain due to cancer, including pain due to bone cancer, pain associated with benign bone tumors, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastomas, pain due to cancer treatment, musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, nerve pain, neck pain associated with cervical dystonia, back pain, including lumbago and/or sciatica, neurogenic inflammation, skin irritation, sensitive skin, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis,
• the treatment of post-operative pain is done by administering the composition of the invention before, during or immediately after surgery.
• the surgical procedure is selected from the group consisting of removal of tumors, bone implants, bone removal, cosmetic surgery procedures, exploratory surgery, and skin incisions.
• a second aspect of this invention refers to a peptide with general formula (I),
• AA is a sequence of 3 to 40 adjacent amino acids contained in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1 ;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group, substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl, substituted or non-substituted heterocyclyl, substituted or non-substituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl, and R 5 -C(O)-; and
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -NR 3 R 4 , -OR 3 and -SR 3 , where R 3 and R 4 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group, substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl, substituted or non-substituted heterocyclyl, substituted or non- substituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl, and substituted or non-substituted aralkyl; and
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group, substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl, substituted or non- substituted heterocyclyl and substituted or non-substituted heteroarylalkyl, for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation
• AA is a sequence of 3 to 30 adjacent amino acids contained in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
• the preferred structures of the peptides represented in the general formula (I) are those where R 1 is H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group of C 2 to C 24 , substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl group of C 2 to C 24 , or R 5 -C(O)-, wherein R 5 is the substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group of Ci to C 24 or substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl group of Ci to C 24 ; and
• R 2 is -NR 3 R 4 or -OR 3 , wherein R 3 and R 4 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, substituted or non-substituted non-cyclic aliphatic group of Ci to C 24 , and substituted or non-substituted alicyclyl group of C 1 to C 24 .
• the most preferred structures are those in which R 1 is a polyethylene glycol polymer. Even more preferred structures are those in which the polyethylene glycol polymer is
• n can range from 1 to 100, and more preferably can range between 1 and 5.
• preferred structures are those where R 1 is H, acetyl, tert-butanoyl, hexanoyl, 2-methylhexanoyl, cyclohexancarboxyl, octanoyl, decanoyl, lauroyl, miristoyl, Palmitoyl, stearoyl, oleoyl and linoleoyl.
• preferred structures are those where R 3 and R 4 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, hexyl, dodecyl and hexadecyl.
• Peptides used for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation may exist as stereoisomers or mixtures of stereoisomers; for example, the amino acids that make them up can have L- or D- configuration, or be racemic independently from one other. Therefore, it is possible to obtain isomeric mixtures as well as racemates or diastereomeric mixtures or pure diastereomers or enantiomers, depending on the number of asymmetric carbons and what isomers or isomeric mixtures are present.
• the preferred structures of the peptides are pure isomers, i.e., enantiomers or diastereomers.
• preferred sequences are those that possess a sequence of adjacent amino acids contained in the sequence of the amino terminal region of the SNAP-25 protein, defined by SEQ ID No. 2 or the carboxy terminal region of the SNAP-25 protein, defined by SEQ ID No.
• preferred amino acid sequences are those that have a sequence of adjacent amino acids contained in any one of the sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6, SEQ ID No.7, SEQ ID No.8, SEQ ID No.9, SEQ ID No.10, SEQ ID No.11 , SEQ ID No.12, SEQ ID No.13, SEQ ID No.14, SEQ ID No.
• the invention also include peptides substantially homologous to the peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of the SNAP-25 protein, chemically modified in an irreversible way to treat pain and/or inflammation.
• the cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of peptides with general formula (I) are also included.
• the nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable.
• the cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the peptides can be obtained by conventional methods, well known in the state of the art [Berge S.M., Bighley LD. and Monkhouse D.C. (1977) "Pharmaceutical Salts" J. Pharm. ScL 66:1-19].
• peptides can undergo reversible chemical modifications to enhance their bioavailability and ease of crossing of the blood-brain barrier or the epithelial tissue.
• Peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation can be incorporated into compositions and can be administered by any means that produces contact of the peptides with their action site in the body of a mammal, preferably human beings.
• These compositions can be prepared by conventional methods known by persons skilled in the art ["Harry's Cosmeticology", Eight [sic] edition (2000) Rieger M.
• Peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation have variable solubility in water, depending on the nature of their sequences or the possible modifications in their amino- and/or carboxy-terminal that they have.
• the peptides can be incorporated into compositions by means of an aqueous solution, and those that are not soluble in water can be solubilized in cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable conventional solvents such as, for example and not limited thereto, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or any combination thereof.
• cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable conventional solvents such as, for example and not limited thereto, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or any combination thereof.
• peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts which must be administered to treat pain and/or inflammation, as well as their dosage will depend on a number of factors, including age, patient condition, the cause of the pain and/or inflammation, the severity of the pain and/or inflammation, the route and frequency of administration and the particular nature of the peptides used.
• Peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts are contained in the composition of concentrations effective to achieve the desired effect for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation; preferably, in reference to the total weight of the composition, between 0.00000001% (by weight) and 20% (by weight), more preferably between 0.000001% (by weight) and 20% (by weight), more preferably between 0.0001% (by weight) and 10% (by weight) and more specifically between 0.0001% (by weight) and 5% (by weight).
• the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation are incorporated into delivery systems and/or sustained release systems.
• These carriers can be liquids such as water, oils or surfactants, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, oil castor oils, polysorbates, sorbitan esters, ether sulfates, sulfates, betaines, glucosides, maltosides, fatty alcohols, nonoxynol, poloxamers, polyoxyethylenes, polyethylene glycols, dextrose, glycerol and the like.
• oils or surfactants including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, oil castor oils, polysorbates, sorbitan esters, ether sulfates, sulfates, betaines, glucosides, maltosides, fatty alcohols, nonoxynol, poloxamers, polyoxyethylenes, polyethylene glyco
• Examples of delivery or sustained release systems are liposomes, milliparticles, microparticles, nanoparticles, sponges, vesicles, micelles, millispheres, microspheres and nanospheres, lipospheres, millicapsules, microcapsules, nanocapsules, microemulsions and nanoemulsions, which can be added to achieve greater penetration of the active ingredient and/or to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
• sustained release formulations can be prepared by methods known in the state of the art, and compositions containing them can be administered, for example, by topical administration, including adhesive patches and non-adhesive patches, or by systemic administration, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, by enteral or parenteral route and they preferably should release a relatively constant amount of the peptides of the composition-.
• the amount of peptide contained in the sustained release formulation will depend, for example, on the site of administration, the kinetics and duration of the release of the peptide of the compositions of the invention, as well as the cause and severity of the pain and/or inflammation, the route, frequency of administration and the particular nature of the peptides to be used.
• the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation are incorporated into a composition which additionally includes acceptable carriers and/or auxiliary agents necessary for the administration of the composition in the desired manner.
• acceptable carriers and/or auxiliary agents are included excipients, thickeners, diluents, solvents, dispersants, agents to improve freeze-drying or adjuvants suitable for each route of administration and which are known to the man of the art.
• Thickeners include, but are not limited to, water-soluble polymers such as those selected from the group consisting of modified celluloses, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, dextrans, gelatins, collagen, hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• Diluents and solvents include, but are not limited to, those selected from the group consisting of ethanol, polyethylene glycol, glycofurol, N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycerol, propanediol, polypropylene glycol, benzyl alcohol or dimethylsulfoxide.
• Dispersants include, but are not limited to, surfactants selected from the group consisting of monoesters of fatty acids of polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween ® , Emalex, Nikkol ® , Hodag, Dacol or Liposorb ® ), fatty acid monoesters of sorbitan (Span ® ), 15-hydroxystearate polyethylene glycol (Solutol ® HS15), fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol (Crodet, Cithrol, Kessco ® , Nikkol ® , Mapeg ® , Myrj, Tagat ® , Aldo ® , Capmul ® , Glycerox, Lactomul ® , or Emerest ® ), esters of glycol polyoxyethylene (Emulphor ® ), polyethoxylated castor oils (Cremophor ® , Emalex, Eumulgin ® , Nikkol ® or Simusol ® ),
• Agents to improve freeze-drying include, but are not limited to, sugars such as those selected from the group consisting of mannitol, saccharose, glucose, fructose, lactose, trehalose, sucrose, dextrose, sorbitol and glycine, gelatins, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
• sugars such as those selected from the group consisting of mannitol, saccharose, glucose, fructose, lactose, trehalose, sucrose, dextrose, sorbitol and glycine, gelatins, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
• the composition that contains the peptide also contains one or more acceptable excipients such as humectants, pH buffers, preservatives, bactericidal and fungicidal agents, absorption retardants, absorption accelerators, or any other excipient known to the man of the art.
• the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation can also be adsorbed on solid organic polymers, or solid mineral carriers such as, but not limited to, talc, bentonite, silica, starch or maltodextrin, inter alia.
• the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts are contained in compositions that can be incorporated into fabrics, non-woven fabrics and medical devices that are in direct contact with the skin, mucosae and/or the scalp, such that they release the peptides either by biodegradation of the anchoring system to the fabric, non-woven fabric or medical device or by the friction of these ones with the body, body moisture, the pH of the skin or body temperature.
• fabrics and non-woven fabrics can be used to make garments that are in direct contact with the body.
• Preferred fabrics, non-woven fabrics, garments and medical devices are bandages, gauzes, T-shirts, socks, stockings, underwear, girdles, gloves, diapers, compresses, dressings, bedspreads, towelettes, hydrogels, adhesive patches, non-adhesive patches, micro-electric patches and/or facial masks.
• the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts are contained in compositions that can be used in different types of formulations for topical or transdermal application which will optionally contain the acceptable excipients necessary for the formulation of the desired dosage form [Fauli i ThIIo C. (1993) in "Tratado de Farmacia Galenica", Luzan 5, S. A. Ediations, Madrid].
• Formulations for topical or transdermal application can be presented in any solid, liquid or semi-solid dosage form, such as, for example, and not limited thereto, creams, multiple emulsions such as, for example and not limited thereto, emulsions of oil and/or silicon in water, emulsions of water in oil and/or silicone, emulsions of water/oil/water or water/silicone/water and emulsions of oil/water/oil or silicone/water/silicone, anhydrous compositions, aqueous dispersions, oils, milks, balms, foams, lotions, gels, hydroalcoholic solutions, liniments, sera, soaps, shampoos, unguents, mousses, ointments, powders, bars, pencils and sprays or aerosols ("sprays”), including "leave- on” formulations and "rinse-off' formulations.
• creams such as, for example, and not limited thereto, creams, multiple e
• formulations for topical or transdermal application can be incorporated by means of techniques known to the man of the art into different types of solid accessories such as, for example and not limited thereto, towelettes, hydrogels, adhesive patches, non-adhesive patches, or facial masks, or may be incorporated into different makeup line products.
• the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts are contained in compositions that may include additional agents that enhance the percutaneous absorption of the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, such as, for example, and not limited thereto dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, surfactants, azone (1-dodecylazacycloheptan- 2-one), alcohol, acetone, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol inter alia.
• additional agents that enhance the percutaneous absorption of the peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts such as, for example, and not limited thereto dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, surfactants, azone (1-dodecylazacycloheptan- 2-one), alcohol,
• compositions can be applied to local areas to be treated through topical or transdermal route by intradermal injection, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, mechanical pressure, osmotic pressure gradient, occlusive treatment, microinjections or injections without needles by pressure, such as injections by pressure of oxygen, micro-electric patches, or any combination thereof, in order to achieve greater penetration of the peptide of the invention.
• the area of application will be determined by the nature of pain and/or inflammation to treat.
• Peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, or cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which are contained in compositions can be administered, in addition, by topical or transdermal route, by any other appropriate means, for example by enteral or parenteral route, which include acceptable excipients necessary for formulation in the desired dosage form.
• enteral or parenteral route which include acceptable excipients necessary for formulation in the desired dosage form.
• compositions that additionally comprise an effective amount of at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant agent, a NO-synthase inhibitor, a skin relaxing agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic agent, an antimicrobial agent, an antifungal agent, or mixtures thereof.
• compositions that also contain an effective amount of at least one analgesic compound and/or anti-inflammatory compound for the purpose of enhancing the analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory effect of the composition.
• peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts were established in animal models of pain and inflammation. These peptides are able to reduce the inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, as well as to inhibit the thermal hyperalgesia produced by intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA).
• CFA Complete Freund's Adjuvant
• peptides with general formula (I), their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts are suitable for the treatment of the pain and/or the inflammation that occurs in response to various noxious stimuli (mechanical, chemical and thermal) that cause acute and chronic inflammatory pain, as well as from lesions in the nervous system that cause neuropathic pain, and pain and/or inflammation in those pathologies involving visceral pain.
• pain and inflammation are included, for example, and not limited thereto, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain, including abdominal pain, pain of the digestive system, pain of the respiratory system, pain of the urogenital system, pain of the endocrine system, heart pain, pancreatic pain, intestinal pain, stomach pain, spleen pain, pain of the blood vessels, irritable bowel syndrome, tensional headache pain, headache associated with sinusitis, migraine, eye pain, dry eye syndrome, post-operative pain, including the post-operative pain due to surgical incisions, the insertion of implants in bone, the replacement of bone and/or to infection, pain due to cancer, including pain due to bone cancer , pain associated with benign bone tumors, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastomas, pain due to cancer treatment, musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, nerve pain, neck pain associated with cervical dystonia, back pain, including lumbago and/or sciatica, neurogenic inflammation , skin irritation, sensitive skin, atopic dermatitis
• the treatment of post-operative pain is done by administering an effective amount of the peptide of the composition of the invention before, during or immediately after surgery.
• the surgical procedure is selected from the group consisting of removal of tumors, bone implants, bone removal, cosmetic surgery procedures, exploratory surgery, and skin incisions.
• this invention refers to the treatment of pain and/or inflammation, a method which comprises the administration of an effective amount of at least one peptide with general formula (I), its stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or its cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, preferably in the form of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition that contains them.
• This invention also provides a method for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation comprising the application to the skin, mucosae and/or scalp, or enteral or parenteral administration of a composition containing at least one peptide with general formula (I), its stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or its cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• This invention also provides a method for the treatment and/or prevention of postoperative pain to a patient subundergone a surgical procedure which includes administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one peptide with formula (I), its stereoisomers, mixtures thereof or cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition containing it, before, during or immediately after surgery.
• the surgical procedure is selected from the group consisting of removal of tumors, bone implants, bone removal, cosmetic surgery procedures, exploratory surgery, and skin incisions.
• NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BK, bradykinin; BoNT A, botulinum toxin serotype A; CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant; CGRP, calcitonin gene related peptide; IL, interleukin; NGF, neuronal growth factor; Palm, palmitoyl; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PEG n , -[NH-CH 2 -(CH 2 CH 2 O) 3 -(CH Z ) 3 -NH- CO-CH 2 CH 2 -CO-] n ; PKA protein kinase A, PKC, protein kinase C, SNAP-25, synaptosomal associated protein (25kDa), SP, substance P, TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRPV1 , transient receptor potential vanilloid 1.
• EXAMPLE 1 Peptides reduce inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan.
• Carrageenan is an irritant whose administration causes a powerful inflammation four hours after administration. The inflammatory process can be easily discerned as an increase in the volume of the paw that received carrageenan, measured with a plethysmometer.
• Table 1 shows the values of anti-inflammatory activity of the peptides administered at 5 mg/kg (im) using diclofenac (10 mg/kg) as positive control and standardizing with respect to the values of the decrease in inflammation obtained by the positive control. Therefore, the peptides of this invention have anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.

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