WO2010005078A1 - 細胞分散方法、細胞分散剤及び細胞測定方法 - Google Patents
細胞分散方法、細胞分散剤及び細胞測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010005078A1 WO2010005078A1 PCT/JP2009/062598 JP2009062598W WO2010005078A1 WO 2010005078 A1 WO2010005078 A1 WO 2010005078A1 JP 2009062598 W JP2009062598 W JP 2009062598W WO 2010005078 A1 WO2010005078 A1 WO 2010005078A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56966—Animal cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57411—Specifically defined cancers of cervix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell dispersion method, a cell dispersion agent, and a cell measurement method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cell dispersion method, a cell dispersion agent, and a cell measurement method for dispersing a cell mass generated during cell culture or a cell mass collected from a living body.
- a plurality of cells aggregate to form a cell mass. Therefore, when the cells are used for microscopic observation (for example, cytodiagnosis) or measured using a flow cytometer, it is necessary to perform a process of dispersing the cell mass as a pretreatment.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of using a proteolytic enzyme such as trypsin as a method of dispersing a cell mass.
- a proteolytic enzyme such as trypsin
- the protein contained in the medium is preferentially degraded. For this reason, the cell dispersion effect is insufficient. Further, even when a cell mass stored (immobilized) in an alcohol solution is dispersed using a proteolytic enzyme, the cell dispersion effect is insufficient.
- the proteolytic enzyme when a cell mass contained in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is dispersed using a proteolytic enzyme, the proteolytic enzyme can disperse the cell mass. However, when reacted for a long time, the proteolytic enzyme may dissolve the cell membrane. In addition, when a cell mass containing mucus-adherent cells such as cervical cells is dispersed, the proteolytic enzyme preferentially degrades mucus. For this reason, the cell dispersion effect is insufficient.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Such cells that are insufficiently dispersed or damaged cells may affect the measurement by microscopic observation (for example, cytodiagnosis) or flow cytometry.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cell dispersion method, a cell dispersion agent, and a cell dispersion agent capable of dispersing a cell mass while reducing damage to cells. It aims at providing the used cell measuring method.
- the present invention is a method for separating and dispersing a cell mass in which a plurality of cells are aggregated into individual cells in a liquid medium, characterized in that the cell mass and fluororesin particles are mixed in the liquid medium.
- a cell dispersion method is provided.
- this invention provides the cell dispersing agent for disperse
- the present invention includes a mixing step of mixing a cell mass in which a plurality of cells are aggregated and fluororesin particles in a liquid medium, and a step of measuring the mixture obtained by the mixing step with a flow cytometer.
- a cell measurement method is provided.
- the cell dispersion method, cell dispersion agent, and cell measurement method of the present invention it is possible to disperse cell clusters while reducing damage to cells. Therefore, according to the cell dispersion method and the cell dispersion agent of the present invention, a measurement sample suitable for microscopic observation (for example, cytodiagnosis) and flow cytometry can be prepared. Moreover, according to such a cell measurement method, cell measurement can be favorably performed by flow cytometry.
- Example 1 it is the microscope picture of the cell in the sample obtained by stirring in the presence of a fluororesin particle.
- the comparative example 1 it is the microscope picture of the cell after performing 1.5-hour incubation with a trypsin.
- the comparative example 1 it is the microscope picture of the cell after incubating with trypsin for 3 hours.
- the comparative example 2 it is a microscope picture of the cell in the cell suspension after stirring with a pestle.
- the comparative example 2 it is a microscope picture of the cell in the cell suspension after stirring with a pestle.
- Example 3 it is a microscope picture of the cell in the sample obtained by performing stirring in fluororesin particle presence. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the density
- the cell dispersion method of the present invention is a method in which a cell mass in which a plurality of cells are aggregated is separated and dispersed into individual cells in a liquid medium, and the cell mass and fluororesin particles are dispersed in the liquid medium. It is characterized by mixing.
- the “cell mass” is an aggregate of a plurality of cells.
- a cell mass collected by rubbing the mucous membrane of a living body and containing cells aggregated by mucus can be used as the cell mass.
- Specific examples of the cell mass include those containing cells collected by rubbing the cervix, nasal cavity, and pharynx.
- what was aggregated by several cells can also be used as a cell clump by preserve
- a cell culture obtained by culturing cells collected from a living body can be used as a cell mass.
- “dispersing the cell mass” means separating the cells constituting the cell mass from the cell mass and separating the cells into, for example, a solution.
- the cell mass to be dispersed in the present invention refers to a huge structure obtained by aggregating single bodies, aggregates, or single bodies and aggregates. The cell mass may affect the measurement by cytodiagnosis or flow cytometry.
- the state of “dispersed cells” that is the target of dispersion according to the present invention is preferably an aggregated state or a unitary state in which 2 to 6 cells are associated, and more preferably a unitary state. is there.
- the cell mass is dispersed by the fluororesin particles entering the gap between the cells to which they adhere, that is, the gap between the cells, and lubricating the interface between the cells (the shear stress between the cells is reduced). To occur).
- the degree of lubrication at the interface between cells increases in proportion to the rate at which the fluororesin particles enter the gaps between cells. That is, it is preferable to increase the rate at which the fluororesin particles enter the gaps between cells. For this reason, the one where the particle diameter of a fluororesin particle is smaller is preferable.
- the ratio of the fluororesin particles entering the gap between the cells is such that when the cell mass and the fluororesin particles are mixed, the concentration of the fluororesin particles in the mixture containing the cell mass and the fluororesin particles is increased and / or fluorine It becomes larger by promoting the diffusion of resin particles. Therefore, in the cell dispersion method of the present invention, the cell mass can be more efficiently dispersed by adopting such conditions.
- the step of stirring the mixture containing the cell mass and the fluororesin particles is further performed to promote the diffusion of the fluororesin particles in the mixture, thereby
- two shear stresses namely an internal shear stress associated with the surface chemical activity inherent to the fluororesin particles and an external shear stress due to hydrodynamic action, act on the gap between the cells.
- the lump can be quickly and easily dispersed.
- an aqueous solution a water-soluble organic solvent, and a mixed solvent of an aqueous solution and a water-soluble organic solvent
- a aqueous solution or a mixed solvent of an aqueous solution and a water-soluble organic solvent Preferred is an aqueous solution or a mixed solvent of an aqueous solution and a water-soluble organic solvent.
- fluororesin constituting the fluororesin particles examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), Examples thereof include tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer (ECTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFA perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- ETFE tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PCTFE polychloro
- the concentration of the fluororesin particles in the mixture is preferably 0.003% by mass to 60% by mass, more preferably 0.2% by mass to 3% by mass.
- the concentration of the fluororesin particles is 0.003% by mass or more, even cells fixed with a cell preservation solution containing alcohol are sufficiently dispersed.
- the concentration of the fluororesin particles is preferably 0.2% by mass or more.
- the concentration of the fluororesin particles is 60% by mass or less, the cells dispersed by the cell dispersion method of the present invention can be suitably used for flow cytometry and microscopic observation.
- the concentration of the fluororesin particles in the test sample is preferably lower.
- concentration of fluororesin particles in the test sample is low in order to perform observation without suspending the cells to be observed. Is preferred.
- the concentration of the fluororesin particles is preferably 3% by mass or less from the viewpoint of obtaining cells suitable for flow cytometry and microscopic observation while sufficiently dispersing the cells.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles can be appropriately selected depending on the size of cells to be dispersed and the use of cells dispersed by the cell dispersion method of the present invention.
- the fluororesin particles need to enter between cells and lubricate the interface between cells.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably smaller than the cell size.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably 1/10 or less, more preferably 1/100 or less, with respect to the cell size.
- the size of plant cells is about 200 ⁇ m
- the size of animal cells is about 30 ⁇ m.
- cervical cells may have a size of about 60 ⁇ m.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 6 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably 1/10 or less, more preferably 1/100 or less, with respect to the cell size.
- flow cytometry measures scattered light intensity reflecting the size of a measurement substance and fluorescence intensity reflecting internal information of the measurement substance.
- the cells are stained with a visualization agent to emit fluorescence, but the fluororesin particles are not stained with the visualization agent and do not emit autofluorescence. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the measurement substance is a cell or a fluororesin particle based on the presence or absence of fluorescence.
- the particle size of the fluororesin particles is preferably 1/10 or less with respect to the size of the cell to be measured. Preferably it is 1/100 or less.
- the fluororesin particles having such a particle size it is possible to determine whether it is a cell or a fluororesin particle from the size information obtained from the scattered light intensity. For this reason, the apparatus and program which measure fluorescence intensity can be omitted.
- the larger the number of particles to be measured the greater the limit of the number of particles measured in the apparatus and the longer the time required for analysis. Therefore, it is preferable that the number of particles to be measured is small. For this reason, if the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is sufficiently small with respect to the size of the cells, the measurement of the number of cells is not hindered, so that useless counting can be reduced.
- the average particle diameter of the fluororesin particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of easy handling, and the fluororesin particles enter between cells, and the interface between cells. From the viewpoint of lubricating oil, it is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the said average particle diameter means the number average diameter measured by the light-scattering method.
- the cell mass may be a cell mass adhered to a cell culture substrate.
- a cell dispersion method using a proteolytic enzyme is known.
- the proteolytic enzyme may dissolve the cell membrane of the cells constituting the cell mass.
- the fluororesin particles are used in the cell dispersion method of the present invention, the cell mass is detached from the cell culture substrate without damaging the cells constituting the cell mass, and the individual cells are separated. This is advantageous in that it can be dispersed in cells.
- a cell mass before mixing with the fluororesin particles may be contained in the medium.
- the medium may be any of a solid medium, a semi-solid medium, and a liquid medium.
- the cell mass may be a cell mass adhered to the cell culture substrate, or may be a cell mass not adhered to the cell culture substrate.
- a proteolytic enzyme preferentially degrades the protein contained in a culture medium. Therefore, the intended cell dispersion effect is insufficient.
- the cell dispersion method of the present invention is advantageous in that the cell mass in the medium can be sufficiently dispersed because the fluororesin particles are used.
- the cell mass before mixing with the fluororesin particles may be contained in the phosphate buffered physiological saline.
- the cell mass may be a cell mass adhered to the cell culture substrate or a cell mass not adhered to the cell culture substrate.
- a cell mass contained in phosphate buffered saline is dispersed using a proteolytic enzyme as in the past, when the proteolytic enzyme and the cell mass are reacted for a long time, the proteolytic enzyme In some cases, the cell membrane of the cells constituting the mass is dissolved.
- the fluororesin particles are used in the cell dispersion method of the present invention, the cells constituting the cell mass in the phosphate buffered saline are sufficiently damaged without damaging the cells. The mass can be dispersed.
- the cell mass may contain cervical cells.
- proteolytic enzymes when used to disperse cell masses containing mucus-adherent cells such as cervical cells, proteolytic enzymes preferentially degrade mucus. Therefore, the intended cell dispersion effect is insufficient.
- the proteolytic enzyme and the cell mass are reacted for a long time, the proteolytic enzyme may dissolve the cell membrane of the cells constituting the cell mass.
- the fluororesin particles are used in the cell dispersion method of the present invention, the cell mass can be sufficiently dispersed without damaging cervical cells.
- the cell mass before mixing with the fluororesin particles may be immobilized.
- the fixed cell mass include a cell mass collected from the cervix and stored in a methanol solution.
- the cell mass remains in an aggregated state under the same reaction conditions as those for dispersing the non-immobilized cell mass. The dispersion of is insufficient.
- the proteolytic enzyme may dissolve the cell membrane of the cells constituting the cell mass.
- the fluororesin particles are used in the cell dispersion method of the present invention, the cell mass is sufficiently dispersed without damaging the cells constituting the immobilized cell mass. be able to.
- the cell dispersion method of the present invention includes a step of adding a visualization agent for visualizing cells, that is, a step of bringing a cell mass into contact with a visualization agent for visualizing cells (hereinafter referred to as “visualization step”). Further, it may be included.
- the visualization step may be performed simultaneously with the mixing of the cell mass and the fluororesin particles, or may be performed after the mixing of the cell mass and the fluororesin particles.
- a visualization agent may be added to the cell mass or the fluororesin particles before mixing the cell mass and the fluororesin particles.
- the “visualizing agent” refers to an agent that makes it possible to observe a cell that cannot be observed with a microscope or is difficult to observe, or an agent that makes it possible to detect a cell that cannot be detected with a flow cytometer.
- the visualization agent include a staining agent that stains the cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell nucleus, or organelle of a cell.
- examples of the visualization agent include propidium iodide that selectively stains cell nuclei, trypan blue that stains whole cells, and the like. These visualization agents do not stain the fluororesin particles. Therefore, flow cytometry and cytodiagnosis can be performed even when a sample for flow cytometry and cytodiagnosis contains a visualization agent and fluororesin particles.
- the cell dispersion method of the present invention may further include an accelerating step of increasing the ratio of the fluororesin particles entering the gaps between cells contained in the cell mass in the mixture of the cell mass and fluororesin particles.
- an accelerating step of increasing the ratio of the fluororesin particles entering the gaps between cells contained in the cell mass in the mixture of the cell mass and fluororesin particles By performing this promotion step, the degree of lubrication at the interface between cells can be increased and the cell mass can be dispersed more efficiently.
- the accelerating step only needs to increase the rate at which the fluororesin particles enter the gaps between the cells contained in the cell mass to increase the shear stress between the cells.
- the cell mass and the fluororesin particles And stirring the mixture for a predetermined time referred to as “stirring step”
- an external force for example, injection input
- stirring step examples include stirring by applying a rotational force to the mixture (for example, stirring with a pestle or a stirring rod), stirring by vibration, and the like.
- the agitation time is not particularly limited, and may be performed under the condition that the cells dispersed by the cell dispersion method of the present invention are not damaged by excessive shear stress.
- the cells dispersed by the cell dispersion method of the present invention are suitable as cell samples for flow cytometry or microscopic observation for measuring the shape of individual cells.
- examples of the “damage” include that the cell is broken or cleaved, and that the intracellular substance is released to the outside of the cell.
- the cell-dispersing agent of the present invention contains fluororesin particles.
- the cell dispersion agent of the present invention can be used in the cell dispersion method. According to the cell dispersant of the present invention, since the fluororesin particles are contained, the cells can be efficiently dispersed while suppressing damage to the cells by lubricating the interface between the cells constituting the cell mass. Can do.
- the cell dispersant of the present invention may be fluororesin particles themselves or a dispersion in which fluororesin particles are dispersed in a solvent (for example, the liquid medium or the like).
- Fluorine resin constituting the fluororesin particles used in the cell dispersant of the present invention and the particle diameter of the fluororesin particles are the same as in the cell dispersion method.
- the cell dispersant of the present invention preferably further contains a visualization agent for visualizing cells.
- a visualization agent for visualizing cells Cells dispersed using such a cell dispersing agent are visualized so as to be detectable or observable in flow cytometry and microscopic observation, and are therefore suitable as test samples for flow cytometry and microscopic observation.
- the visualization agent used for the cell dispersion agent of the present invention is the same as in the case of the cell dispersion method.
- the content of the visualizing agent in the cell dispersing agent should be appropriately set according to the number of cells to be dispersed, the use of the cell dispersing agent, etc. Can do.
- the cell measurement method of the present invention comprises a mixing step in which a cell mass in which a plurality of cells are aggregated and fluororesin particles are mixed in a liquid medium, and cells in the mixture obtained by the mixing step are flow cytometers.
- Dispersed cells obtained by the mixing step are suitable as a measurement sample in cell measurement by flow cytometry because the cells are less damaged and are dispersed in individual cells.
- the mixing step is performed in the same manner as the mixing of the cell mass and the fluororesin particles in the cell dispersion method.
- a step of adding a visualization agent for visualizing the cells that is, a visualization step of bringing a cell mass into contact with a visualization agent for visualizing the cells May further be included.
- the visualization step and the stirring step can be performed by the same operations as the visualization step and the stirring step in the cell dispersion method, respectively.
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a cell analyzer using a flow cytometry method.
- the apparatus main body 2 of the cell analyzer 1 includes an optical detection unit 3 for detecting information such as the size of cells and nuclei from a measurement sample, a signal processing circuit (signal processing unit) 4, a measurement control unit 6, and a motor.
- a drive unit 7 such as an actuator and a valve, and various sensors 8 are provided.
- the measurement control unit 6 controls the operation of the drive unit 7 while processing the signal of the sensor 8, whereby the measurement sample is sucked and measured.
- the cell analyzer 1 can be used, for example, when determining whether or not cancer cells are included in cervical cells.
- the cell mass can be dispersed as follows. Cells collected from the cervix are added to a cell preservation solution containing an alcohol solution (for example, 55% by mass methanol aqueous solution) and fixed to obtain a cell suspension.
- a cell dispersant containing 60% by mass of fluororesin particles and 1% by mass or less of propidium iodide (PI) as a visualization agent in an aqueous solution is used.
- PI propidium iodide
- a cell dispersant is added to the cell suspension so that the concentration of the fluororesin particles is 0.003% by mass to 60% by mass to prepare a mixture.
- the obtained mixture is stirred to disperse the cell mass and obtain a measurement sample. Since PI is a visualizing agent that selectively stains the nucleus of a cell, fluorescence from the nucleus can be detected in dispersed cells.
- the obtained measurement sample is accommodated in a test tube, installed at a position below a pipette (not shown) of the apparatus body 2, sucked by the pipette, and supplied to the flow cell.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the optical detection unit 3.
- the lens system (optical system) 52 condenses the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser 53 that is a light source on the measurement sample that flows through the flow cell 51.
- the condensing lens 54 condenses the forward scattered light of the cervical cells and the fluororesin particles in the measurement sample on the photodiode 55 which is a scattered light detector.
- the condensing lens 56 condenses the side scattered light and the side fluorescence of the cell or cell nucleus on the dichroic mirror 57.
- the dichroic mirror 57 reflects side scattered light to the photomultiplier 58 that is a scattered light detector, and transmits side fluorescence toward the photomultiplier 59 that is a fluorescence detector.
- the photodiode 55, the photomultiplier 58, and the photomultiplier 59 convert the detected light into an electrical signal, and output a forward scattered light signal, a side scattered light signal, and a side fluorescent signal, respectively. These outputs are amplified by a preamplifier (not shown) and then supplied to the signal processing circuit 4 (see FIG. 1).
- a value reflecting the cell size is obtained from the signal obtained by detecting the forward scattered light of the cervical cells. Further, a value reflecting the size of the cell nucleus is obtained from the signal obtained by detecting the side fluorescence of the cervical cell.
- the size of the cervical cell is about 60 ⁇ m, and the size of the nucleus is 5 to 7 ⁇ m. When these cells become cancerous, the frequency of cell division increases abnormally, and the nucleus becomes 10-15 ⁇ m in size. This increases the N / C ratio (nucleus size / cell size) compared to normal cells. Therefore, by detecting the size of the cell and the size of the nucleus, it can be determined whether the cervical cell is a normal cell or a cancer cell.
- a value reflecting the size of the fluororesin particles can be obtained from the signal obtained by detecting the forward scattered light of the fluororesin particles.
- the side fluorescence does not substantially occur.
- the N / C ratio of the fluororesin particles is substantially equal to 0, which is smaller than the N / C ratio of normal cells and cancer cells. That is, fluororesin particles, normal cells, and cancer cells can be distinguished from the N / C ratio. Therefore, even if fluororesin particles are included in the measurement sample, it can be determined whether or not cancer cells are included in the cervical cells.
- cells dispersed using fluororesin particles can be applied to flow cytometry.
- Example 1 [Cell dispersion effect by fluororesin particles in cervical cytology specimen]
- a cell sample obtained by immobilizing cells collected from the cervix with a cell preservation solution containing alcohol (product name: PreservCyt (registered trademark), manufactured by Hologic Inc.) was obtained.
- the cell sample was subjected to centrifugation at 190 ⁇ g for 5 minutes at room temperature to recover the cells.
- a cell suspension was obtained by collecting an amount corresponding to 150 ⁇ L from the collected cells with a pipette.
- PTFE particles polytetrafluoroethylene particles (hereinafter referred to as “PTFE particles”)] (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., trade name: Fluon (registered trademark) PTFE dispersion AD911L, average of PTFE particles) Particle diameter (measured by light scattering method): 0.25 ⁇ m, PTFE particle content: 60% by mass, liquid specific gravity: 1.52] 3 ⁇ L, 0.5% by mass Trypan Blue staining solution (Nacalai Tesque) as a visualization agent 60 ⁇ L and 87 ⁇ L of water were added to obtain a test sample. Note that trypan blue is a dye that visualizes entire cells (including cell membranes and cell nuclei).
- the cell dispersion treatment was performed by performing the following operations using the test sample. First, a test sample is added to 150 ⁇ L of the cell suspension so that the concentration of PTFE particles is 0.6% by mass and the concentration of trypan blue, which is a visualization agent, is 0.1% by mass. Obtained. Then, the obtained mixture was stirred for 3 minutes at 4000 rpm using a pestle, and the sample of Example 1 was obtained. As a reference example, a cell suspension before cell dispersion treatment was used.
- Example 1 The sample of Example 1 and the cell suspension as a control were each observed with a microscope.
- Example 1 the microscope picture of the cell in the sample obtained by performing stirring in the presence of a fluororesin particle is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 a photomicrograph of the cells in the cell suspension is shown in FIG.
- the test sample containing the fluororesin particles has an excellent cell dispersion effect, can disperse the cell mass in a state in which the cell morphology is maintained, and has little damage to the cells. It turns out that it has the property. Therefore, it turns out that the test sample containing a fluororesin particle is useful as a cell dispersing agent. It can also be seen that the cell dispersion method using the fluororesin particles can dissociate the cells in the cell suspension and disperse them in individual cells. Moreover, it turns out that the damage given to a cell is small from this result.
- Comparative Example 1 [Cell dispersion method using proteolytic enzyme (trypsin)] To 150 ⁇ L of the same cell suspension used in Example 1, a trypsin PBS solution was added so that the final concentration of trypsin was 0.01% by mass, and the mixture was maintained at 37 ° C. for a predetermined time (1.5 hours, 3 hours, 3 hours). Incubation was performed for 46 hours). And each cell after incubation was observed with the microscope. In Comparative Example 1, the result of observing the cells after incubation for 1.5 hours with a microscope is shown in FIG. 5, and in Comparative Example 1, the result of observing the cells after 3 hours of incubation with a microscope is shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows the results obtained by observing the cells after incubation for 46 hours in Comparative Example 1 with a microscope.
- Comparative Example 2 [Cell dispersion method using physical force] 150 ⁇ L of the cell suspension similar to that used in Example 1 was collected in a plastic tube. Thereafter, the cell suspension was stirred at 4000 rpm for 3 minutes using a pestle. Next, the cells in the stirred cell suspension were observed with a microscope. In addition, propidium iodide solution is added to 150 ⁇ L of the stirred cell suspension so as to have a final concentration of 10 ⁇ g / mL to stain cell nuclei, and the cells in the cell suspension obtained after staining are stained. The cell nuclei were observed with a microscope. In Comparative Example 2, micrographs of cells in the cell suspension after stirring with pestle are shown in FIGS. Further, in Comparative Example 2, a micrograph of a stained image of the cell nucleus of the cell in the cell suspension after stirring with the pestle is shown in FIG.
- the cell dispersion method of Comparative Example 1 using a proteolytic enzyme and the cell dispersion method of Comparative Example 2 using only physical force have insufficient cell dispersion effects or cell morphology. Can not be held.
- the cell dispersion method of Example 1 the cells are sufficiently dispersed, and the damage given to the cells is small. Therefore, based on these results, according to a cell dispersant containing fluororesin particles (PTFE particles) and a cell dispersion method using the same, a measurement sample suitable for measurement by cytodiagnosis or flow cytometry is prepared. It is suggested that you can. Further, it can be seen that the cell dispersion method using the cell dispersing agent containing the fluororesin particles is suitable as a pretreatment in cytodiagnosis for observing individual cells and flow cytometry for measuring individual cells.
- Example 2 [Examination of concentration of fluororesin particles] About 10 ⁇ L of cells were collected from the same cell suspension used in Example 1, and 60 ⁇ L of an aqueous dispersion of fluororesin particles similar to that used in Example 1 was added to prepare a mixture. . In addition, the density
- Example 2 the sample of Example 2 was observed with a microscope.
- Example 2 the microscope picture of the cell in the sample obtained by performing stirring in fluororesin particle presence is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 [Cell dispersion effect in immobilized cultured cells]
- the cultured cells were suspended in a medium and cultured in a Teflon (registered trademark) dish to form spherical aggregates of cells called spheroids in the medium.
- the medium containing this spheroid was subjected to centrifugation at 190 ⁇ g for 5 minutes at room temperature to recover the cell group containing the spheroid.
- a cell preservation solution similar to that used in Example 1 was added to the obtained cell group to immobilize the cells to obtain a cell suspension. Thereafter, trypan blue was added to 150 ⁇ L of the cell suspension containing the immobilized cultured cells so that the final concentration was 0.1% by mass to stain the cells.
- Example 3 A cell dispersion similar to the cell dispersant in Example 1 was added to the cell suspension after staining so that the final concentration of PTFE particles was 0.6% by mass to obtain a mixture. Thereafter, the obtained mixture was stirred at 4000 rpm for 3 minutes using a pestle. The mixture after stirring was used as the sample of Example 3.
- Example 3 the sample of Example 3 was observed with a microscope.
- Example 3 the microscope picture of the cell in the sample obtained by stirring in presence of a cell dispersing agent is shown in FIG.
- Table 1 summarizes the cell dispersion effect and the damage to cells in each of the cell dispersion methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described so far.
- the cell dispersion method of Comparative Example 1 using a proteolytic enzyme and the cell dispersion method of Comparative Example 2 using only physical force have insufficient cell mass dispersion. It can also be seen that the damage to the cells is also great. Compared with these, in each of the cell dispersion methods of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 (cell dispersion method of the present invention), the cell mass is dissociated and dispersed in individual cells, and It can be seen that the damage to the is small.
- Test Example 1 [Study of influence of concentration of fluororesin particles on cell dispersion effect] Using the same fluororesin particle aqueous dispersion and cell suspension as those used in Example 1, the influence of the concentration of the fluororesin particles on the cell dispersion effect was examined as follows.
- Example 4 An aqueous dispersion of fluororesin particles is added to the cell suspension so that the final concentration of PTFE particles, which are fluororesin particles, is 0.003% by mass, and the final concentration is 0.1% by mass. Trypan blue was added to obtain a mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 minutes at 4000 rpm using a stir bar (Example 4). The mixture after stirring was used as the sample of Example 4.
- the final concentration of PTFE particles is 0.03% by mass (Example 5), 0.06% by mass (Example 6), 0.3% by mass (Example 7), 3% by mass (Example 8) or Samples of Examples 5 to 9 were obtained by performing the same operations as in Example 4 except that the amount was 60% by mass (Example 9).
- the concentration of PTFE particles was 0.003% by mass, 0.03% by mass, 0.06% by mass, 0.3% by mass, 3% by mass and In any case of 60% by mass, “cell mass in which 2 to 5 cells aggregate” or “in the cell suspension” compared with the cell suspension not added with PTFE particles (Comparative Example 3) or “ It can be seen that the ratio of “cell aggregates of 6 or more cells aggregated” decreases and the ratio of “single cells” increases to over 70%. Therefore, in the cell dispersion methods of Examples 4 to 9 using fluororesin particles, the concentration of the fluororesin particles is in a range from a low concentration of 0.003 mass% to a high concentration of 60 mass%. Is also suggested to show a cell dispersion effect.
- Test Example 2 Examination of influence of presence or absence of fluororesin particles on cell dispersion effect Using cells derived from the cervix, the influence of the presence or absence of fluororesin particles on the cell dispersion effect was examined.
- Example 10 In a cell suspension similar to that used in Example 1, an aqueous dispersion of fluororesin particles similar to that used in Example 1 was added so that the final concentration of PTFE particles would be 0.003% by mass. At the same time, trypan blue was added so that the concentration was 5% by mass. The resulting mixture was stirred with a stir bar at 4000 rpm for 3 minutes (Example 10). The mixture after stirring was used as the sample of Example 10. Further, a sample of Example 11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the stirring time was changed to 9 minutes.
Abstract
Description
本発明の細胞分散方法は、複数の細胞が凝集した細胞塊を液体媒体中で個々の細胞に分離して分散する方法であって、液体媒体中で細胞塊とフッ素樹脂粒子とを混合することを特徴としている。
本発明の細胞分散剤は、フッ素樹脂粒子を含有している。本発明の細胞分散剤は、前記細胞分散方法に用いることができる。本発明の細胞分散剤によれば、フッ素樹脂粒子を含有しているため、細胞塊を構成する細胞間の界面を潤滑することにより、細胞にダメージを抑制しつつ、細胞を効率よく分散させることができる。本発明の細胞分散剤は、フッ素樹脂粒子そのものであってもよく、溶媒(例えば、前記液体媒体等)にフッ素樹脂粒子を分散した分散物であってもよい。
本発明の細胞測定方法は、複数の細胞が凝集した細胞塊とフッ素樹脂粒子とを液体媒体中で混合する混合工程、及び前記混合工程によって得られた混合物中の細胞をフローサイトメーターにて測定する測定工程を含む。前記混合工程により得られる分散した細胞は、細胞のダメージが小さく、個々の細胞に分散されているため、フローサイトメトリーでの細胞測定における測定試料として適している。
子宮頚部から採取された細胞を、アルコールを含む細胞保存液〔ホロジック(Hologic Inc.)製、商品名:PreservCyt(登録商標)〕で固定化した細胞試料を得た。この細胞試料を190×gで5分間、室温の遠心分離に供して、細胞を回収した。回収した細胞からピペットによって150μL相当分を採取したものを細胞懸濁液とした。
実施例1で用いたものと同様の細胞懸濁液150μLに、トリプシンPBS溶液を、トリプシンの終濃度が0.01質量%となるように加え、37℃で所定時間(1.5時間、3時間、46時間)、インキュベーションを行なった。そして、インキュベーション後の各細胞を顕微鏡で観察した。比較例1において、1.5時間インキュベーションを行なった後の細胞を顕微鏡で観察した結果を図5に、比較例1において、3時間インキュベーションを行なった後の細胞を顕微鏡で観察した結果を図6に、比較例1において、46時間インキュベーションを行なった後の細胞を顕微鏡で観察した結果を図7に、それぞれ示す。
実施例1で用いたものと同様の細胞懸濁液150μLをプラスチックチューブに採取した。その後、前記細胞懸濁液を、ペッスルを用いて、4000rpmで3分間撹拌した。つぎに、撹拌後の細胞懸濁液中の細胞を顕微鏡で観察した。また、前記撹拌後の細胞懸濁液150μLに、終濃度が10μg/mLとなるようにヨウ化プロピジウム溶液を添加して細胞の細胞核を染色し、染色後に得られた細胞懸濁液中の細胞の細胞核を顕微鏡で観察した。比較例2において、ペッスルで撹拌した後の細胞懸濁液中の細胞の顕微鏡写真を図8及び図9に示す。また、比較例2において、ペッスルで撹拌した後の細胞懸濁液中の細胞の細胞核の染色像の顕微鏡写真を図10に示す。
実施例1で用いたものと同様の細胞懸濁液からおよそ10μL相当分の細胞を採取し、実施例1で用いたものと同様のフッ素樹脂粒子の水分散液60μLを加えて混合物を作製した。なお、かかる混合物中のフッ素樹脂粒子(PTFE粒子)の濃度は、54質量%である。得られた混合物を、ペッスルを用いて、4000rpmで3分間撹拌した。撹拌後の混合物を実施例2の試料とした。
培養細胞を培地に懸濁し、テフロン(登録商標)ディッシュ中で培養することにより、培地中にスフェロイドと呼ばれる細胞の球状集合体を形成させた。このスフェロイドを含む培地を190×gで、5分間、室温の遠心分離に供して前記スフェロイドを含む細胞群を回収した。得られた細胞群に、前記実施例1で用いたものと同様の細胞保存液を添加して、当該細胞を固定化し、細胞懸濁液を得た。その後、固定化された培養細胞を含む細胞懸濁液150μLに、終濃度が0.1質量%となるように、トリパンブルーを加えて、細胞を染色した。染色後の細胞懸濁液に、PTFE粒子の終濃度が0.6質量%となるように、前記実施例1における細胞分散剤と同様の細胞分散剤を加えて、混合物を得た。その後、得られた混合物を、ペッスルを用いて、4000rpmで3分間撹拌した。撹拌後の混合物を実施例3の試料とした。
実施例1で用いたものと同様のフッ素樹脂粒子の水分散液及び細胞懸濁液を用い、以下のように、細胞分散効果におけるフッ素樹脂粒子の濃度の影響を検討した。
子宮頸部由来の細胞を用い、細胞分散効果におけるフッ素樹脂粒子の有無の影響を調べた。
Claims (16)
- 複数の細胞が凝集した細胞塊を液体媒体中で個々の細胞に分離して分散する方法であって、液体媒体中で細胞塊とフッ素樹脂粒子とを混合することを特徴とする細胞分散方法。
- 前記フッ素樹脂粒子が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン・パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体(PFA)、テトラフルオロエチレン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、テトラフルオロエチレン・エチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)及びクロロトリフルオエチレン・エチレン共重合体(ECTFE)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる粒子である、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- フッ素樹脂粒子との混合前の細胞塊が細胞培養基材に接着している、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- フッ素樹脂粒子との混合前の細胞塊が培地中に含まれている、請求項1又は3に記載の細胞分散方法。
- フッ素樹脂粒子との混合前の細胞塊がリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水中に含まれている、請求項1又は3に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 前記細胞塊が、生体中に存在する粘液によって凝集している細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 前記細胞塊が子宮頚部細胞を含む、請求項6に記載の細胞分散方法。
- フッ素樹脂粒子との混合前の細胞塊が固定化されている、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 細胞塊と、細胞を可視化するための可視化剤とを接触させる接触工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 前記細胞塊とフッ素樹脂粒子との混合物において、フッ素樹脂粒子が、細胞塊に含まれる細胞間の間隙に入り込む割合を大きくする促進工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 前記促進工程が、前記混合物を所定時間撹拌する撹拌工程である、請求項10に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 前記混合物中のフッ素樹脂粒子の濃度が0.003質量%以上60質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- 前記フッ素樹脂粒子として、粒子径が0.1μm以上200μm以下の粒子を含む粒子混合物を用いる、請求項1に記載の細胞分散方法。
- フッ素樹脂粒子を含有してなる、細胞塊を分散させるための細胞分散剤。
- 細胞を可視化するための可視化剤をさらに含有してなる、請求項14に記載の細胞分散剤。
- 複数の細胞が凝集した細胞塊とフッ素樹脂粒子とを液体媒体中で混合する混合工程、及び
前記混合工程によって得られた混合物をフローサイトメーターにて測定する測定工程
を含む、細胞測定方法。
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