WO2010000856A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von aminobiphenylen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von aminobiphenylen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010000856A1 WO2010000856A1 PCT/EP2009/058457 EP2009058457W WO2010000856A1 WO 2010000856 A1 WO2010000856 A1 WO 2010000856A1 EP 2009058457 W EP2009058457 W EP 2009058457W WO 2010000856 A1 WO2010000856 A1 WO 2010000856A1
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- 0 C*C(C=CC(P)=C1)=CC1(C)N Chemical compound C*C(C=CC(P)=C1)=CC1(C)N 0.000 description 2
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/80—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by photochemical reactions; by using free radicals
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- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/52—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C221/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
- C07C227/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions not involving the amino or carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
- C07C233/42—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C233/43—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C233/67—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C233/75—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/18—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
- C07D213/82—Amides; Imides in position 3
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted aminobiphenyls, in particular of 2-aminobiphenyls and to a process for the preparation of (het) arylamides of such aminobiphenyls, especially 2-aminobiphenyls.
- Organometallic methods are of great interest, in particular, as pharmaceuticals and pesticides and as precursors of such active substances.
- organometallic methods are available that provide efficient access to a variety of biphenyl derivatives.
- organometallic methods also have some disadvantages.
- their attractiveness is reduced by high costs, especially in palladium-catalyzed reactions, lack of environmental compatibility, as in the case of nickel, and low maturity, especially in catalysis with cobalt and iron compounds.
- processes based on the addition of aryl radicals to aryl compounds have received little attention in the recent past.
- Core-substituted 2-aminobiphenyls are important precursors for aryl and hetarylca- bonklareamide, which are used as fungicides and for the boscalid is a prominent member.
- the object of the present invention was to provide processes which are simple to carry out for the preparation of ring-substituted aminobiphenyls, in particular 2-aminobiphenyls, and for the preparation of (het) arylcarboxamides derived therefrom. These procedures should also be cost-effective and based on selective implementation. The object is achieved by the methods described in more detail below.
- the present invention is a process for the preparation of amino biphenyls of the general formula (I),
- n O, 1, 2 or 3;
- each R 1 independently represents halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -
- A is hydrogen, NR 5 R 6 , (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + V-, halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, -C 4 alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylcarbonyl, nitro, hydroxy, SO 3 R 3, COOR 2, CONR 10 R 11, COR 4, aryl or aryloxy, where the
- Aryl group in the two last-mentioned radicals optionally have 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents, which are selected from halogen, CrC 4 -AI kyl, -C 4 - haloalkyl, -C 4 alkoxy and -C 4 haloalkoxy; and
- E is hydrogen, halogen, CrC 4 -AI kyl, -C 4 haloalkyl, CrC 4 hydroxyalkyl, C 3 - C ⁇ cycloalkyl, aryl or 5- or 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms which are selected from N, O and S as ring members, where the aryl and the hetaryl may have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carry substituents which are selected from halogen, CrC 4 -AI kyl, -C 4 haloalkyl, CrC 4 - Alkoxy and CrC 4 haloalkoxy; wherein
- each R 2 is independently hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, -C 4 - hydroxyalkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 2 -C kinyl 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, Aryl, 5- or
- 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2 or heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members or a cation equivalent;
- R 3 is hydrogen, Ci -C4 -alkyl, Ci-C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 - hydroxyalkyl, C 2 -C 4 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkyl kinyl, C 3 -C 6 Cycloalkyl, aryl, 5- or 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2 or heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members;
- R 4 represents hydrogen, Ci-C 4 -alkyl, C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 - hydroxyalkyl, C 2 -C 4 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkyl kinyl, C 3 -C 6 Cycloalkyl, aryl, 5- or 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2 or heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members;
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, Ci-Cio-alkyl, C3-C4-alkenyl, Cs-Cio-cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 independently of one another are C 1 -C 10 -alkyl
- R 10 and R 11 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, C 1 -C 10 -haloalkyl,
- Ci-Cio-hydroxyalkyl C 3 -C 4 alkenyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkyl kinyl, C 3 -Cio cycloalkyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 alkenylcarbonyl , C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C 4 -Haloalkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 alkenyloxycarbonyl, C 4 d- -Al kylsu If onyl, Ci-C 4 -Halolkylsulfonyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 4 alkyl, Arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylmethoxycarbonyl or 5- or 6-membered hetaryl with
- substituents each carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from halogen, nitro, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy;
- R 12 , R 13 and R 14 independently of one another represent hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl or aryl;
- V denotes a monovalent anion or the monovalent anion equivalent part of a polyvalent anion
- a ' has one of the meanings given for A, with the proviso that
- a 'does not stand for hydrogen
- X denotes a monovalent anion or the monovalent anion equivalent part of a polyvalent anion
- step (ii) optionally converting the aminobiphenyl of the formula (I 1 ) obtained in step (i) into an aminobiphenyl of the formula (I) in which A is hydrogen.
- method A this method will be referred to as method A.
- the prefix C x -Cy denotes the number of possible carbon atoms in each case.
- halogen refers to each of fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
- C 1 -C 4 -alkyl denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), butyl, 1-methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2- Methylpropyl (isobutyl) or 1, 1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl).
- C 1 -C 10 -alkyl denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples are, besides the radicals mentioned for C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, 2-propylheptyl and positional isomers thereof.
- C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl as used herein and in the haloalkyl moieties of CrC 4 -haloalkoxy describes straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the hydrogen atoms of these groups being partially or completely replaced by halogen atoms.
- C 1 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl describes straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, one hydrogen atom of these groups having been replaced by an OH group, examples of which are hydroxymethyl, 1- and 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-, 2- and 2-hydroxyethyl 3-hydroxypropyl, 1-, 2- and 3-hydroxyprop-2-yl, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybutyl and positional isomers thereof.
- C3-C4 alkenyl denotes a monounsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
- propen-1-yl propen-2-yl (AIIyI), but-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, but-1-en-3-yl, butyne 1-en-4-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, but-2-en-4-yl, 2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl, 2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl and the like.
- C3-C4 alkynyl refers to a linear or branched aliphatic radical having a triple bond and 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Examples of these are propyn-1-yl, propargyl and butynyl.
- C 2 -C 4 alkynyl refers to a linear or branched aliphatic radical having one triple bond and 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Examples of these are ethynyl, propyn-1-yl, propargyl and butynyl.
- Cs-C ⁇ -cycloalkyl denotes a saturated alicyclic radical having 3 to 6 carbon atoms as ring members. Examples are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
- the cycloalkyl radicals may carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and halogen.
- C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl denotes a saturated alicyclic radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms as ring members. Examples are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and cyclodecyl.
- the cycloalkyl radicals can carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and halogen.
- C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy denotes straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl groups comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are bonded via an oxygen atom.
- Examples of C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy (isopropoxy), n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy (sec-butoxy), 2-methylpropoxy (isobutoxy) and 1, 1-dimethylethoxy (tert butoxy).
- C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy describes straight-chain or branched saturated haloalkyl groups comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples of these are chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, dichloromethoxy,
- Trichloromethoxy fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1-chloroethoxy, 1-bromoethoxy, 1-fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2- fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 1-chloro-1, 2,2- trifluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 3,3,3-
- C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio denotes straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl groups comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are bonded via a sulfur atom.
- Examples of C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio are methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio,
- C 1 -C 4 haloalkylthio describes straight-chain or branched saturated haloalkyl groups comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are bonded via a sulfur atom. Examples thereof are chloromethylthio, bromomethylthio, dichloromethylthio, trichloromethylthio, fluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, chlorofluoromethylthio, dichlorofluoromethylthio, chlorodifluoromethylthio, 1-chloroethylthio, 1-bromoethylthio, 1-fluoroethylthio, 2-fluoroethylthio, 2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2 , 2-trifluoroethylthio, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethylthio, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2-dichloro-2
- C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl denotes alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms bonded via a carbonyl group. Examples of these are methylcarbonyl (acetyl), ethylcarbonyl, propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl, n-butylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl and tert-butylcarbonyl.
- C 1 -C 4 haloalkylcarbonyl denotes haloalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms attached via a carbonyl group. Examples thereof are fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl, trifluoromethylcarbonyl, 1-fluoroethylcarbonyl, 2-fluoroethylcarbonyl, 1,1-difluoroethylcarbonyl, 2,2-difluoroethylcarbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbonyl, pentafluoroethylcarbonyl and the like.
- C3-C4 alkenylcarbonyl denotes alkenyl radicals having 3 or 4 carbon atoms attached via a carbonyl group.
- Examples of these are propene-1-ylcarbonyl, propen-2-ylcarbonyl (allylcarbonyl), but-1-en-1-ylcarbonyl, but-1-en-2-ylcarbonyl, but-1-en-3-ylcarbonyl, butylene 1-en-4-ylcarbonyl, but-2-en-1-ylcarbonyl, but-2-ene-2-ylcarbonyl, but-2-en-4-ylcarbonyl, 2-methylprop-1-en-1-ylcarbonyl, 2-methylprop-2-en-1-ylcarbonyl and the like.
- C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl denotes alkoxy radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms bonded via a carbonyl group. Examples are methoxycarbonyl, Ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl.
- C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxycarbonyl denotes haloalkoxy radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms bonded via a carbonyl group. Examples thereof are fluoromethoxycarbonyl, difluoromethoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethoxycarbonyl, 1-fluoroethoxycarbonyl, 2-fluoroethoxycarbonyl, 1,1-difluoroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2-difluoroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl, pentafluoroethoxycarbonyl and the like.
- C3-C4 alkenyloxycarbonyl refers to alkenyloxy radicals having 3 or 4 carbon atoms attached via a carbonyl group. Examples of these are allyloxycarbonyl and methallyloxycarbonyl.
- C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl denotes alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms bonded via a sulfonyl group (SO 2). Examples thereof are methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl and tert-butylsulfonyl.
- C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylsulfonyl denotes haloalkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms bound via a sulfonyl group (SO 2).
- SO 2 sulfonyl group
- aryl refers to carbocyclic aromatic radicals having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Examples of these include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthracenyl and phenanthrenyl.
- Aryl is preferably phenyl or naphthyl and in particular phenyl.
- hetaryl denotes aromatic radicals having 1 to 3 heteroatoms which are selected from O, N and S. Examples of these are 5- and 6-membered hetaryl radicals having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N as ring members such as pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazole, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl and triazinyl.
- arylcarbonyl denotes aryl radicals which are bonded via a carbonyl group. Examples of these are phenylcarbonyl and naphthylcarbonyl.
- aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl denotes aryl radicals which are bonded via a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group. Examples of these are benzyl, 2-phenylethyl (phenethyl) and the like.
- arylmethoxycarbonyl denotes arylmethoxy radicals which are bonded via a carbonyl group. Examples of these are benzyloxycarbonyl and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl.
- reaction vessels customary for such reactions it being possible for the reaction to be carried out both continuously, semi-continuously and discontinuously.
- the respective reactions will be carried out under atmospheric pressure.
- the reactions may also be carried out under reduced (e.g., 0.1 to 1 bar) or elevated pressure (e.g., 1.1 to 10 bar).
- m is preferably 1, 2 or 3.
- R 1 is preferably in para or meta position to the diazonium substituent.
- R 1 preferably represents halogen, -C 4 - alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4 haloalkoxy, nitro, cyano or optionally aryloxy substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy.
- R 1 is halogen, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy or optionally substituted with halogen, Ci-C 4 alkyl or Ci-C 4 alkoxy substituted aryloxy, more preferably halogen, Ci-C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, cyano or optionally substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-substituted aryloxy and even more preferred chlorine, bromine, fluorine, C 1 -C 2 -alkoxy or phenoxy.
- R 1 is 2-F, 3-F, 4-F, 2-Cl, 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 2-Br, 3-Br, 4-Br, 2-methyl, 3-methyl, 4 Methyl, 2-trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethyl, 4-trifluoromethyl, 2-methoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxy, 2-phenoxy, 3-phenoxy, 4-phenoxy , 3,4-F 2 , 3,4-Cl 2 , 2,3,4-F 3 , 3,4,5-F 3 or 3,4,5-Cl 3 and especially for 2-F, 4- F, 2-Cl, 4-Cl, 2-Br, 4-Br, 2-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-phenoxy, 4-phenoxy, 3,4-F 2 , 3,4-Cl 2 , 2, 3,4-F 3 , 3,4,5-F 3 or 3,4,5-Cl 3 .
- the position information refers to it to the 1-position, via which the aryl radical derived from the compound of the formula (II) is bonded to the aniline ring (ie to the radical which derives from the compound of the formula (III)) or to the 1 Position of the diazonium radical in the diazonium salt II.
- V- is preferably a halide, such as chloride, bromide or iodide, BF 4 " , PF ⁇ “ , V * SO 4 2 " or acetate, more preferably V- is a halide, such as chloride , Bromide or iodide, BF 4 " or ⁇ A SO 4 2" .
- a 'and R 1 , R 2 is preferably hydrogen or CTC 4 -alkyl.
- a 'and R 1 , R 3 is preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
- a 'and R 1 R 4 is preferably hydrogen or Ci-C 4 - alkyl and especially Ci-C 4 alkyl.
- R 5 and R 6 independently of one another preferably represent hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -
- Alkoxycarbonyl, C3-C4 alkenyloxycarbonyl, Ci-Cio-alkylsulfonyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C2-alkyl, aryloxycarbonyl, or arylalkoxycarbonyl, wherein the aryl group in the four above-mentioned radicals may also carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected under halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or together they form a group CR 12 --NR 13 R 14 , in which R 12 is preferably H and R 13 and R 14 are preferably methyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino group or a benzylimino group.
- R 5 and R 6 are more preferably independently of one another hydrogen, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl (in particular allyl), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyloxycarbonyl, benzyl, methylbenzyl, for example 2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl or 4-methylbenzyl, methoxybenzyl, eg 2-
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably hydrogen and the other has one of the meanings given above.
- the tert-butoxycarbonyl radical is also referred to as Boc.
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably both allyl.
- A is preferably hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, nitro, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl or NR 5 R 6 .
- A represents hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, -C 4 -alkoxy, CrC 4 alkylcarbonyl, -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl or NR 5 R. 6
- A is hydrogen, dC 4 alkoxy, -C 4 alkylcarbonyl, -C 4 - alkoxycarbonyl or NR 5 R. 6
- R 5 is preferably hydrogen and R 6 is preferably selected from hydrogen, C 3 -C 4 alkenyl, CrCio-alkylcarbonyl, CrC 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 - alkenyloxycarbonyl, CrCio-alkylsulfonyl, aryl-alkyl CRC2, Aryloxycarbonyl and arylalkoxycarbonyl, where the aryl group in the three abovementioned radicals can also carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy; particularly preferably under hydrogen, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl (in particular AlII), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyloxycarbonyl, benzyl, methylbenzyl, for example 2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl or 4-methylbenzy
- R 6 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl and more particularly hydrogen or tert-butoxycarbonyl.
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably both allyl.
- a ' is preferably bromine, chlorine, fluorine, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, nitro, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl or NR 5 R 6 .
- A is bromine, chlorine, fluorine, -C 4 alkoxy, nitro, -C 4 alkylcarbonyl, -C 4 - alkoxycarbonyl or NR 5 R. 6
- A is bromine, chlorine, fluorine, CrC 4 -
- a ' is Cr C 4 alkoxy, CrC 4 alkylcarbonyl, CrC 4 alkoxycarbonyl or NR 5 R 6 .
- R 5 is preferably hydrogen and R 6 is preferably selected from hydrogen, C 3 -C 4 alkenyl, CrCio-alkylcarbonyl, CrC 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -
- substituents which are selected from halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-alkoxy; particularly preferably selected from hydrogen, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl (in particular AlII), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyloxycarbonyl, benzyl, methylbenzyl, for example 2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl or 4-methylbenzyl, methoxybenzyl, for example 2-methoxybenzyl , 3-methoxybenzyl or 4-methoxybenzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably both allyl.
- E is preferably hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 6 -cycloalkyl.
- R 3 is more preferably hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and in particular hydrogen.
- X- is preferably a halide such as chloride or bromide, BF4 " , PF ⁇ “ , SbF ⁇ “ , V * SO4 2" acetate, trifluoroacetate, trichloroacetate, the anion of an aromatic 1,2-dicarboxylic acid imide or the anion of an aromatic 1,2-disulfonimide.
- the anion is formed in the latter two cases by abstraction of the proton at the imide nitrogen atom.
- anions of aromatic 1,2-dicarboximides are the anion of phthalic acid imide, where the phenyl ring of the phthalic acid imide can carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from halogen, OH, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, and the anion of naphthalene-1, 2-dicarboximide or of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboximide, wherein the naphthyl ring of naphthalenedicarboximide 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from halogen, OH, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
- Examples of anions of aromatic 1, 2-disulfonimides are the anion of ortho-benzenedisulfonimide, wherein the phenyl ring of benzenedisulfonimide can carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents selected from halogen, OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci -C 4 haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy and C1-C4- haloalkoxy, and the anion of naphthalene-1, 2-disulfonimide or disulfonimide of naphthalene-2,3-, wherein the naphthyl ring of Naphthalindisulfonimids 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from halogen, OH, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
- X stands for a halide, such as chloride or bromide, BF4-, PF ⁇ ", V2 SO4 2 "acetate or the anion of an aromatic 1, 2-Sulfondiimids, in particular ortho-benzenedisulfonimide.
- X stands for BF4 or Chloride.
- the reaction according to the invention is carried out by bringing the starting compounds, ie a diazonium salt of the formula (II) and an aniline derivative of the formula (III), preferably in a suitable solvent, into contact with one another under reaction conditions which cause decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II in nitrogen and cause an aryl radical.
- the reactants can in principle be brought into contact with each other in a different order.
- the aniline of the formula III optionally dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (mixture) are initially charged and the diazonium salt II is added or, conversely, the diazonium salt, if appropriate dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (mixture), is introduced and mixed with the Aniline of Formula III.
- the reaction in step (i) can be carried out both in a solvent and in substance.
- the aniline III itself acts as a solvent or dispersant or, if its melting point is above room temperature (25 ° C), introduced as a melt and then treated with the diazonium salt II under suitable reaction conditions.
- room temperature 25 ° C
- Suitable solvents depend in detail on the choice of the particular reaction conditions for the decomposition of the diazonium salt II, such as, for example, the reaction partners. However, it has generally proved favorable to use an aqueous solvent as the solvent for the reaction of the compounds (II) and (III).
- aqueous solvents are understood as meaning water or mixtures of water with water-miscible organic solvents.
- Suitable organic solvents are, for example, short-chain nitriles, such as acetonitrile or propionitrile, amides, such as dimethylformamide, short-chain monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or trifluoroethanol, short-chain carboxylic acids, such as glacial acetic acid, and short-chain ketones, such as acetone, or mixtures of these organic solvents with one another.
- short-chain nitriles such as acetonitrile or propionitrile
- amides such as dimethylformamide
- short-chain monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or trifluoroethanol
- short-chain carboxylic acids such as glacial ace
- aqueous solvents are furthermore aqueous acid solutions, in particular aqueous mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like. Preference is given here to non-oxidizing acids, such as hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid.
- the acid solutions are diluted in dilute ter form used. "Diluted" in this context means that the concentration of the acid is from 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular from 3 to 15% by weight and especially from 2 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the solvent.
- the aqueous acid solutions can also be used in admixture with the abovementioned, water-miscible organic solvents.
- the concentration of the acid in the aqueous solvent is chosen such that the pH of the reaction mixture (comprising solvent and aniline III) is at most 7, eg 0 to 7 or 1 to 7 or 2 to 7, preferably ⁇ 7 , eg 0 to ⁇ 7 or 1 to ⁇ 7 or 2 to ⁇ 7, more preferably at most 6, eg 0 to 6 or 1 to 6 or 2 to 6, and more preferably at most 5, eg 0 to 5 or 1 to 5 or 2 to 5 or 2 to 4;
- the pH of the reaction mixture (comprising solvent and aniline III) in the aqueous solvent is preferably 5 to 9, more preferably 5 to 8, more preferably 5.5 to 7 and especially about 6; this applies to all embodiments of the process according to the invention (apart from the case described above), but in particular for the case that the decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical is effected by carrying out step (i) in at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the reaction to the compound I 'in another manner (see below), and also in the event that the decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula Il in nitrogen and an aryl radical by the presence of at least one reducing agent other than Ti (III) salts, and which are in particular Cu (I) or Fe (II) salts, is effected (see below).
- a 'in the aniline compounds III stands for NR 5 R 6 , where R 5 and R 6 independently of one another represent hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 10 -cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, where the aryl groups of the last two substituents optionally carry in each case 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from halogen, nitro, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, or for (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + V ", the concentration of the acid is preferably chosen so that at most the monoacid addition salt of III can be formed and preferably Nhb group remains unprotonated, this applies to all embodiments of the process according to the invention, but in particular for the case that the
- the concentration of the acid is preferably chosen so that at least one amino group (Nhb and / or NR 5 R 6 , wherein R 5 and R 6 have the meanings given above, preferably Nhb) in the aniline compound III free (ie not proto - niert) is present.
- a 'in the aniline compounds III for NR 5 R 6 wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, Ci-Cio-alkyl, C3-C 4 alkenyl, C3-Cio-cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl -Ci-C 4 alkyl, wherein the aryl groups of the latter two substituents optionally carry in each case 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from halogen, nitro, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl , Ci-C 4 -alkoxy and CrC 4 -
- the concentration of the acid is preferably chosen so that in at least 10 mol%, more preferably in at least 20 mol%, more preferably in at least 50 mol% and in particular in at least 70 mol% of the aniline compound III used, the amino group NH 2 is present in the reaction mixture in non-protonated form.
- step (i) is carried out in at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or favors the conversion to compound I 'in another manner (see below).
- the concentration of the acid is preferably chosen so that in at least 10 mol%, more preferably in at least 20 mol%, more preferably at least 50 mol% and in particular at least 70 mol% of the aniline compound III used, the amino group NH 2 is present in the reaction mixture in non-protonated form.
- step (i) is carried out in at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or favors the conversion to compound I 'in another manner (see below).
- non-aqueous solvents for example the abovementioned water-miscible organic solvents and mixtures of these solvents.
- solvents with readily abstractable hydrogen atoms such as primary alcohols (eg methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or n-butanol), diols, ethers (especially the cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) or dimethylformamide, they become preferably in admixture with a solvent which does not possess readily abstractable hydrogen atoms, since they can best protect a formed aryl radical from undesired side reactions.
- primary alcohols eg methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or n-butanol
- diols especially the cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane
- ethers especially the cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane
- dimethylformamide dimethylformamide
- solvents which do not have readily abstractable hydrogen atoms are water and aqueous mineral acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric and the like, and relatively inert organic solvents such as acetonitrile, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetone, trifluoroethanol, dimethylsulfoxide or mixtures but also alcohols without hydrogen atoms in the ⁇ -position, such as tert-butanol.
- water or aqueous mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, has a generally stabilizing effect on the resulting aryl radicals, since they undergo virtually no side reactions with water.
- Water and aqueous mineral acids are therefore as solvents without abstractable hydrogen atoms preferred.
- the solvents with easily abstractable hydrogen atoms which are therefore not inert to the aryl radical and can therefore lead to undesirable products, are in an amount of at most 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 20% by weight and in particular of at most 10 wt .-%, based on the weight of the mixture of solvents with and solvents without readily abstractable hydrogen atoms.
- the solvents with readily abstractable hydrogen atoms used in the mixtures are preferably those which are miscible with water (these are the abovementioned alcohols, diols and cyclic ethers).
- solubilizer refers to (surface-active) substances which by their presence make other compounds which are virtually insoluble in a solvent soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent. The effect is usually based on the fact that the solubilizers with the poorly soluble substance form a molecular compound or form micelles.
- the first variant is preferred.
- Another suitable solvent system is a two-phase system comprising two substantially immiscible solvent systems.
- “Substantially immiscible” means that a first solvent, which is used in less or the same amount as a second solvent, in the second solvent at most 20 wt .-%, preferably at most 10 wt .-% and in particular at most 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the first solvent, dissolves.
- Examples are systems containing, in addition to an aqueous solvent as defined above, one or more water-immiscible solvents, such as carboxylic esters, e.g.
- Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate or ethyl propionate open-chain ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, and petroleum ethers, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylenes, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzenes and mesitylene.
- open-chain ethers such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether,
- phase transfer catalysts are well known to the person skilled in the art and include, for example, charged systems, such as organic ammonium salts, for example tetra (C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) ammonium chlorides or bromides, such as tetramethylammonium chloride or bromide,
- the aqueous solvent is dilute mineral acid, i. in the aqueous solvent is a mineral acid in a concentration of usually 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, in particular from 3 to 15 wt .-% and especially from 2 to 8 wt .-% before.
- Hydrochloric acid is preferably used here as the mineral acid.
- the concentration of the acid in the aqueous solvent is preferably chosen such that a pH of at most 7, e.g. from 0 to 7 or 1 to 7 or 2 to 7, and especially at most 5, e.g. from 0 to 5 or 1 to 5 or 2 to 5 or 3 to 4.
- the aqueous solvent is water or mixtures of water with water-miscible organic solvents (and without addition of acids or at most in such an amount that the pH of the reaction medium is at least 5); this applies to all embodiments of the process according to the invention (apart from the use of Ti (III) salts, see above and also below), but especially in the case where decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical is effected thereby it is carried out that step (i) is carried out in at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the conversion to the compound I 'in another manner (see below), and also in the event that the decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical by the presence of at least one reducing agent which is different from Ti (III) salts, and in particular Cu (I) - or Fe (II) salts is effected
- the solvents are used in degassed (ie, especially oxygen enriched (ie, partially oxygenated) or even substantially liberated form).
- the solvents are preferably used in such a form that they contain at most 70%, particularly preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 30% and in particular at most 10% of the oxygen customarily contained in the particular solvent ("usually present” refers to the oxygen content as in commercially available or by conventional methods such as distillation, obtained solvents).
- the degassing of solvents is known and can be carried out, for example, by one-off or multiple freezing of the solvent, thawing under reduced pressure (to remove the dissolved / dispersed gas in the solvent) and compensating with an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon.
- the solvent can be treated with ultrasound.
- the latter approach is particularly suitable for water or aqueous solvents, since the expansion of water during freezing can lead to equipment problems. It is believed that the use of at least partially degassed solvents prevents multiple arylation of the aniline compound III by II.
- the diazonium salt of the formula (II) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.9 mol, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.3 mol and in particular from 0, 02 to 0.1 mol, in each case based on 1 mol of the aniline derivative of the formula (III), a. It is assumed that the use of the diazonium salt II in the reverse direction prevents multiple arylation of the aniline compound III by II.
- the aniline derivative (III) is used directly as a free amine.
- it can also be used, either completely or partially, in the form of one of its acid adducts or a mixture of such adducts, with the hydrochloride of compound (III) being particularly preferred.
- the acid adduct can also be formed in situ, namely when the aniline compound (III) is initially charged in a dilute aqueous acid as a solvent.
- a in the aniline compounds III is NR 5 R 6 , in which R 5 and R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 10 -cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl-C 1 -C 4 - alkyl,, or represent (NR 7 R 8 R 9) + V, as is in compound III preferably at least one amino group (NH 2 and / or NR 5 R 6, preferably NH 2) free before, that compound III is maximum as Monoklaread - used (eg monohydrochloride) (when A 'is (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + V-, the amino group NH 2 in compound III is preferably not protonated).
- the aniline derivative (III) is particularly preferably employed directly as the free amine.
- the diazonium salt (II) is added to the aniline compound (III) present in the original.
- the diazonium salt can be added dissolved in bulk or dispersed in a solvent or dispersed.
- the solvent the above-mentioned aqueous solvents or polar organic solvents can be used, with the aforementioned water-miscible organic solvents being preferred.
- the diazonium salt (II) is preferably added successively (in portions or continuously).
- the successive addition in many cases suppresses the formation of homocoupling products, ie products which are formed by reaction of two or more diazonium molecules (II) with each other, because a low concentration of the diazonium salt (II) in the reaction mixture ensures that its reaction with the aniline ( III) outweighs the implementation with itself.
- the rate of addition is determined by several factors, such as batch size, temperature, reactivity of the reactants and the nature of the selected reaction condition, which causes decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II in nitrogen and an aryl radical, and can by a person skilled in the individual case, for example by suitable Preliminary tests, to be determined.
- low reactivity of the educts requires a slower addition rate, but can be at least partially compensated, for example, by a higher temperature and / or by the choice of reaction conditions which accelerate decomposition of the diazonium salt.
- the reaction temperature of step (i) is determined by several factors, such as the reactivity of the reactants used and the nature of the selected reaction condition, which causes a decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II in nitrogen and an aryl radical, and can be determined by the skilled person in each case For example, by simple preliminary tests.
- the reaction is carried out in step (i) the compound of formula (II) with the compound of formula (III) at a temperature in the range of preferably from -10 to the boiling point of the reaction rate premixture, preferably -10 to 100 0 C , particularly preferably from 0 to 80 0 C and in particular from 0 to 30 0 C by.
- These temperatures are for carrying out step (i) in solution; however, if it is carried out in substance and the melting point of the aniline III is above room temperature, the reaction temperature is of course at least equal to the temperature of the melt of the reaction mixture.
- a preferred embodiment (embodiment A-1) of process A therefore relates to a process for preparing 2-aminobiphenyls of the formula (IA),
- R 1 , m, A and E have the abovementioned meanings
- a ' has one of the meanings given for A, with the proviso that
- X denotes a monovalent anion or the monovalent anion equivalent part of a polyvalent anion
- step (ii) optionally converting the aminobiphenyl of the formula (I 1 A) obtained in step (i) or (ia) into an aminobiphenyl of the formula (IA) in which A is hydrogen; or
- Haloalkylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyloxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl, di- (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) aminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl; or R 5 and R 6 together form a protective group and preferably both together form a group CR 12 -NR 13 R 14 or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino group or an aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group form an alkylimino group:
- step (ia) and (i-b1) may also be carried out at a different time.
- the substituent A ' can first be converted into hydrogen in the compound I 1 A [step (N)] and only then the isomer mixture can be separated, and likewise in the second variant step ( i-b2) directly after step (i) and the isomer separation, if necessary and / or desired, takes place only after step (i-b2) or even after step (i-b3).
- the isomers I 1 A and I 1 B may be mixtures of isomers if E is not H.
- the aryl group may be bonded both on the same and on the opposite side of E (with respect to an axis formed by the Nhb group and A '); however, it is preferably bound on the opposite side for steric reasons, so that I 1 A and I 1 B are essentially not isomeric mixtures.
- step (i-b3) contains the group E bound to a position other than the amino group Nhb, than the compound (IA) which is available via the first variant [step ( ia) and optionally (ii)], since in the second variant [steps (i-bi), (i-b2), (i-b3)] the amino group originates from the original group A.
- the desired isomers [(I 1 A) in the first variant or (I 1 B) in the second variant] is obtained in particular in sufficient excess (on the unwanted isomer) or even selectively, if the above-described pH Value ranges.
- isomer I 1 A is obtained preferentially (ie in excess over the unwanted isomer I 1 B) or even selectively when A 1 has one of the abovementioned general meanings and preferably for NR 5 R 6 , (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + V-, halogen, -C 4 -alkyl, Ci-C 4 haloalkyl, dC 4 alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylcarbonyl, nitro, SO 3 R 3, COOR 2, CONR 10 R 11, COR 4 or optionally substituted aryl, and step (i) at a pH of 5 to 9, preferably 5 to 8, in particular 5.5 to 7 and especially about 6, is performed.
- one selects the first variant of the embodiment A-1, when A 'is (NR 7 R 8 R S) + V-, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C 4 alkoxy , C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -Ha-loo-1-Cylcarbonyl, nitro, hydroxy, SO 3 R 3 , COOR 2 , CONR 10 R 11 , COR 4 , optionally substituted aryl, if appropriate substituted aryloxy or NR 5 R 6 wherein, R 5 and R 6 is as defined above and preferably independently represent hydrogen, Ci-Cio-alkyl, C3-C 4 - alkenyl, C3-Cio-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, and especially when
- a 'is NR 5 R 6, wherein R 5 is hydrogen and R 6 is a (electron-withdrawing) protecting group and preferably Ci-C 4 - alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylcarbonyl, C3 -C 4 alkenylcarbonyl, Ci-C 4 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C 4 -Haloalkoxycarbonyl, C3-C4 alkenyloxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl, di- (Ci-C 4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl, Ci-C 4- alkylsulfonyl or C 1 -C 4 -halosulfonyl; or R 5 and R 6 together form an (electron-withdrawing) protective group and preferably both together form a group CR 12 -NR 13 R 14 or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino group or form an
- a particular embodiment of the second variant (embodiment A-1.1) relates to a process for the preparation of 2-aminobiphenyls of the general formula (X)
- R 1 , E and m have the meanings mentioned in claim 1,
- R 5 is H
- R 6 is a protective group and preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyloxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl, Di- (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl; or
- the protective groups R 6 and the combined protecting groups R 5 and R 6 are chosen such that they are substantially stable under the given reaction conditions and are not removed.
- the protective groups are suitably chosen so that the group NR 5 R 6 acts as a whole ortho-directing.
- “Substantially stable” means that in at most 10 mol%, preferably at most 5 mol% and in particular at most 2 mol% of the aniline compounds (III) used, the protective groups R 6 and, if present as a protective group, R 5 in the course of step (i) are removed.
- the protective group are preferably selected such that they are acidic on the one hand, in particular at a pH of 0 to 7, preferably from 0.5 to 7, particularly preferably 1 to 7 and in particular 2 to 7 are substantially stable to hydrolysis and, on the other hand, reduce the Lewis basicity of the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to such an extent that it is essentially not protonated at the pH range mentioned.
- “Substantially non-protonated” means that in at most 10 mol%, preferably at most 5 mol% and in particular at most 2 mol% of the aniline compounds (III) or (IN 1 ) used, the nitrogen atom containing the radicals R 5 and R 6 carries, is protonated.
- Essentially hydrolysis-stable means that in at most 10 mol%, preferably at most 5 mol% and in particular at most 2 mol% of the aniline compounds (III) or (IM 1 ) used, the radical R 6 and, if Protecting group present, R 5 be hydrolyzed in the course of step (i).
- the compounds (II) and (III) or (III 1 ) are reacted in step (i) under reaction conditions which bring about a decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical. Reaction conditions are preferably chosen under which a single electron (SET, single electron transfer) is transferred to the diazonium salt.
- Suitable conditions under which a decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical take place are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
- the diazonium salt (II) to the aniline derivative (III) or (IN 1 ) cause its decomposition in nitrogen and an aryl radical, since at least part of the aniline compounds (III) (for example phenylenediamine and others equally strong or more reductive Aniline III) has a sufficient reductive potential.
- no special process measures must be taken and the reaction can be carried out under the reaction conditions described above. If the reduction potential of aniline (III) is insufficient, it is necessary to take further procedural measures to initiate the reduction step.
- such method measures are selected from the following:
- step (i) carrying out the step (i) in the presence of at least one reducing agent; b.) performing step (i) under irradiation with electromagnetic radiation in the visible and / or ultraviolet range; c.) performing step (i) using ultrasound; d.) performing step (i) under the conditions of electrochemical reduction; e.) carrying out step (i) in at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the conversion to the compound I 'in another manner; f.) performing step (i) under radiolysis conditions; and g.) a combination of at least two of these measures.
- reducing agent refers to those elements and compounds that are endeavored as electron donors (also electron-donor complexes) to go through the release of electrons in a lower energy state, especially with the formation of stable electron shells.
- a measure of the strength of a reducing agent is the redox potential.
- step (i) is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent, it is preferably carried out such that the aniline compound (III) or (III 1 ) and the reducing agent, preferably dissolved / dispersed in a solvent, initially charged and with the diazonium salt (II ) be successively offset.
- a reducing agent preferably carried out such that the aniline compound (III) or (III 1 ) and the reducing agent, preferably dissolved / dispersed in a solvent, initially charged and with the diazonium salt (II ) be successively offset.
- reaction temperature and solvent reference is made to the above statements.
- the at least one reducing agent is preferably selected from reducing metal salts, reducing metals and reducing anions; however, other reducing agents are also suitable whose reduction potential is sufficiently high to transfer an electron to the particular diazonium salt II used.
- reducing metal salts include compounds as diverse as pyrene, ascorbic acid and hemoglobin.
- any reducing metal salts can be used for the reaction of compounds (II) and (III) or (IM 1) as long as their reduction potential is sufficiently large to transfer to the respective diazonium salt employed Il an electron.
- reducing metal salts are understood as meaning those in which the most stable oxidation number of the metal is higher under the reaction conditions of step (i) than in the employed form, so that the metal salt acts as a reducing agent.
- Preferred metal salts are soluble in the reaction medium. Since the reaction medium is preferably aqueous, preferred metal reducing salts are accordingly water-soluble. Preferred counteranions of the metal salts are common water-soluble anions such as the halides, especially chloride, sulfate, nitrate, acetate and the like. However, metal complexes such as hexacyanoferrate (II) or ferrocene are also suitable.
- Particularly preferred reducing metal salts are selected from Ti (III) salts, Cu (I) salts, Fe (II) salts, tin (II) salts, chromium (II) salts and vanadium (II) salts, and in particular among Ti (III) salts, Cu (I) salts and Fe (II) salts.
- Ti (III) salts are their water-soluble salts, such as the chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, acetates and the like.
- Ti (III) salts and especially TiCb are examples of TiCb.
- the reducing metal salt (s) are added in a total amount from 0.005 to 8 mol, more preferably from 0.1 to 6 mol, more preferably from 0.5 to 6 mol, even more preferably from 1 to 6 mol and especially from 2 to 5 mol, based on 1 mol of the diazonium salt (II ), one.
- the reducing metal salt may be used in minor amounts, for example in an amount of 0.005 to 4 mol, preferably from 0.01 to 1 mol, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.7 mol, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 mol and in particular from 0.05 to 0.4 mol, based on 1 Moles of the diazonium salt (II).)
- Preferred reducing metals are selected from iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, magnesium, titanium and chromium, and more preferably iron and copper.
- the reducing metal (s) are added in a total amount of from 0.005 to 8 moles, more preferably from 0.1 to 6 moles, more preferably from 0.5 to 3 moles, even more preferably from 0.1 to 1 mole and in particular from 0.25 to 1 mole, based on 1 mole of the diazonium salt (II), a.
- the reducing anions are preferably selected from those whose reduction potential is still sufficient under these conditions to effect the decomposition of the diazonium salt.
- the reducing anions are used in an amount of preferably 0.005 to 8 moles, more preferably 0.01 to 6 moles, and especially 1 to 6 moles, based on 1 mole of the diazonium salt (II).
- reducing metal salts are preferably used as reducing agent in step (i).
- suitable and preferred metal salts reference is made to the above statements.
- step (i) carrying out step (i) under irradiation with electromagnetic radiation in the visible and / or ultraviolet range
- step (i) is carried out under irradiation with electromagnetic radiation in the visible and / or ultraviolet range.
- electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from 100 to 400 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 200 to 380 nm and in particular in the range from 250 to 360 nm.
- step (i) under irradiation is preferably carried out in such a manner that the aniline compound (III) or (III 1 ) is initially charged in a suitable solvent and is irradiated with cooling during the successive addition of the diazonium salt (II).
- the solvents are preferably used in degassed form, since otherwise oxygen radicals can form, which can lead to undesired products. Since water or aqueous solutions can not trivially degas, the above-mentioned organic solvents are suitable in this case.
- step (i) is carried out using ultrasound.
- ultrasound Like all sound waves, ultrasound generates periodic compression and stretching of the medium; the molecules are compressed and stretched. Small bubbles form which grow and implode immediately. This phenomenon is called cavitation.
- Each imploding bubble emits shock waves and tiny jets of liquid at a speed of about 400km / h, which affect the surrounding environment. Cavitation, for example, can be exploited to accelerate chemical reactions and increase the solubility of products in a given medium.
- step (i) using ultrasound can be carried out, for example, such that the reaction vessel in which the aniline compound (III) or (IN 1 ) is initially charged in a suitable solvent is in an ultrasound bath and the reaction mixture is during the successive addition of the diazonium salt (II) is exposed to ultrasound.
- a sonotrode device which passes the ultrasonic vibrations generated by a transducer to the material to be irradiated
- the latter alternative is particularly suitable for larger approaches.
- reaction temperature and solvent reference is made to the above statements.
- step (i) carrying out step (i) under the conditions of an electrochemical reaction production
- step (i) takes place under the conditions of an electrochemical reduction.
- nitrogen radicals are formally reduced cathodically from the diazonium salt (II), which accelerates the decomposition of the diaZonium salt into aryl radical and nitrogen.
- the implementation is carried out, for example, so that in the reaction vessel containing the aniline compound (III) or (III 1 ) presented in a suitable solvent, cathode and anode are arranged and voltage is applied during the successive addition of the diazonium salt (II).
- the voltage and current density to be selected depend on various factors, such as rate of addition and solvent, and must be determined on a case-by-case basis, which can be achieved, for example, with the aid of preliminary tests.
- the solvents are suitably chosen so that they do not undergo any competing reaction at the electrodes under the given reaction conditions. Since the cathodic reduction of protons is difficult to avoid, even at very low current densities and voltages, preference is given to using non-protic, polar solvents, such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide or acetone.
- step (i) carrying out step (i) in at least one solvent or solvent system which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula (II) into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the conversion to the compound (I) in another manner
- the step (i) is carried out in at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or the conversion to compound I 'in another Way favored.
- solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or the conversion to compound I 'in another Way favored.
- "favored in another way” means that the solvent stabilizes the aryl radical formed on decomposition, thereby preventing or at least reducing undesired side reactions.
- Solvents which promote the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt II into an aryl radical are characterized by a certain reductive potential and can act as a reducing agent in conjunction with a diazonium salt; ie the solvents themselves are oxidizable.
- solvents examples include alcohols, for example C 1 -C 4 -alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol, diols, such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, open-chain ethers, such as diethyl ether, Methyl isobutyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether, cyclic ethers, such as Tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as pyridine, and HMPT (hexamethylphosphoric triamide), but also basic aqueous solutions.
- alcohols for example C 1 -C 4 -alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol,
- Suitable bases are inorganic bases, such as alkali metal hydroxides, for example lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth hydroxides, for example magnesium or calcium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates, for example lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate, and alkali hydrogen carbonates, for example lithium, sodium or potassium hydro - Gencarbonat, and organic bases, such as acetates, for example sodium acetate, or alcoholates, for example, sodium, sodium, sodium tert-butoxide or potassium tert-butoxide.
- inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, for example lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth hydroxides, for example magnesium or calcium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates, for example lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate, and alkali hydrogen carbonates, for example lithium, sodium or potassium hydro - Gencarbonat
- organic bases such as acetates, for example sodium acetate, or alcoholates, for example, sodium, sodium, sodium tert-butoxide or potassium
- solvents are also suitable which do not have a reductive effect under the given reaction conditions, but which do not possess readily abstractable hydrogen atoms, since they can optimally protect a formed aryl radical from undesired side reactions. At the same time, however, the solvents must also have sufficient dissolving power for the reactants.
- water and aqueous mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or comparatively inert organic solvents, such as acetonitrile, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetone, trifluoroethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide or mixtures thereof, but also alcohols without hydrogen atoms in the ⁇ -position, such as tert-butanol.
- mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like
- organic solvents such as acetonitrile, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetone, trifluoroethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide or mixtures thereof, but also alcohols without hydrogen atoms in the ⁇ -position, such as tert-butanol.
- an addition of water or aqueous mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, generally has a stabilizing effect on the resulting aryl radicals, since they undergo practically no side reactions with water.
- Water and aqueous mineral acids are therefore preferred as solvents without abstractable hydrogen atoms.
- excessive protonation of the aniline compound III (especially when A 'is NR 5 R 6 or (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + ⁇ ⁇ ) can lead to multiple arylation by Il, resulting in undesirable by-products.
- a ' is NR 5 R 6 or (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + ⁇ ⁇
- the pH be selected to be at least 10 mole%, more preferably at least 20 mole%, more preferably at least 50 mole%, and especially at least at least 70 mol% of the aniline compound III used is the amino group NH 2 in the reaction mixture in non-protonated form; However, this does not apply to the second variant of the embodiment A-1 and for embodiment A-1.1.
- the pH of the reaction mixture is preferably from 5 to 9, more preferably from 5 to 8, more preferably from 5.5 to 7, and especially about 6.
- water without addition of acid or in such an amount that the pH is minimized is used. at least 5) as a solvent.
- customary water-soluble inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, for example sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium or potassium carbonate, or alkali metal bicarbonates, such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate, or water-soluble organic bases such as diethylamine or triethylamine.
- alkali metal hydroxides for example sodium or potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate
- alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate
- water-soluble organic bases such as diethylamine or triethylamine.
- solvents with readily abstractable hydrogen atoms such as primary alcohols
- they are preferably used in admixture with a solvent which does not possess readily abstractable hydrogen atoms.
- the solvents with easily abstractable hydrogen atoms which are thus not inert to the aryl radical and may therefore lead to undesirable products, are in an amount of at most 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 20 wt .-% and in particular of at most 10 wt .-%, based on the weight of the mixture of solvents with and solvents without easily abstractable hydrogen atoms.
- the solvents with easily abstractable hydrogen atoms used in the mixtures are preferably those which are miscible with water (these are the abovementioned alcohols, diols and cyclic ethers).
- solvents having easily abstractable hydrogen atoms which are immiscible or immiscible with water if a solubilizer is used at the same time.
- solubilizer refers to (surface-active) substances which by their presence make other compounds which are virtually insoluble in a solvent soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent. The effect is usually based on the fact that the solubilizers with the poorly soluble substance form a molecular compound or form micelles.
- the first variant is preferred.
- solvents which effect the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promote the reaction to the compound I 'in another manner preferably water, said dilute aqueous mineral acids or mixtures of above-mentioned organic, water-miscible, a certain reduction potential having solvent (those are the aforementioned alcohols, diols and cyclic ethers) with water or said dilute aqueous acids used.
- solvents which effect the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promote the reaction to the compound I 'in another manner
- said dilute aqueous mineral acids or mixtures of above-mentioned organic, water-miscible, a certain reduction potential having solvent preferably water
- a certain reduction potential having solvent such as solvents which effect the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promote the reaction to the compound
- the solvents are used in degassed (i.e., specifically at least partially liberated from oxygen) form (see above).
- degassed i.e., specifically at least partially liberated from oxygen
- the first phase comprises at least one of the above-mentioned. protic solvents, such as water, alcohols or diols.
- the first phase is an aqueous system, i. as the solvent, water, an aqueous mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or a mixture of water or an aqueous acid with at least one water-miscible organic solvent, e.g.
- C 1 -C 4 -alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or trifluoroethanol, diols, such as ethylene glycol, cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, acetonitrile, amides, such as dimethylformamide, carboxylic acids, such as glacial acetic acid, and ketones, such as acetone, used.
- the first phase comprises water or an aqueous mineral acid, wherein the mineral acid is preferably hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid.
- the second phase is preferably selected from carboxylic acid esters, e.g. Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate or ethyl propionate, open-chain ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, and petroleum ethers, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride , Trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, xylenes, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
- phase transfer catalysts are well known to the person skilled in the art and include, for example, charged systems such as organic ammonium salts, for example tetra (C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) ammonium chlorides or bromides, such as tetramethylammonium chloride or bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride or bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide , Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide, methyltrihexylammonium chloride or bromide, methyltrioctylammonium chloride or bromide or benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (Triton B), furthermore tetra (C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) phosphonium chlorides or bromides, such as tetraphenylphosphonium chloride or bromide,
- Triton B furthermore tetra (C 1 -C 18
- the solvents are used in degassed (i.e., specifically at least partially liberated from oxygen) form.
- degassed i.e., specifically at least partially liberated from oxygen
- solvents which effect the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula (II) into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or favor the reaction to the compound (I) in a different manner particularly preferably water
- the said aqueous mineral acids or mixtures of the above-mentioned organic, water-miscible, a certain reduction potential having solvent are the aforementioned alcohols, diols and cyclic ether
- solvent e.g.
- dilute hydrochloric acid as a solvent which causes the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula (II) into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the reaction to the compound (I) in another manner, used in step (i).
- these are used in degassed (i.e., especially deoxygenated) form.
- the procedure is carried out, for example, so that the aniline compound (III) is initially charged in such a solvent (system) and then the diazonium salt is added or vice versa presented the diazonium salt (II) in such a solvent (system) and then the aniline compound (III ) or (III 1 ) is added, the first variant being preferred.
- rate of addition and reaction temperature reference is made to the above statements.
- the aniline compound (III) can alternatively be initially charged in the solvent (mixture) of one phase and the diazonium salt in the solvent (mixture) of the second phase.
- step (i) carrying out step (i) under radiolysis conditions
- the step (i) is carried out under radiolysis conditions.
- solvated electrons are produced in aqueous solution by irradiation with ⁇ radiation, for example from a 60 Co source. This procedure is described in more detail in JE Packer et al., J.Chem.Soc, Perkin Trans. 2, 1975, 751, and Aust. J. Chem. 1980, 33, 965, to which reference is hereby made in its entirety.
- step (i) in the presence of at least one reducing agent and in particular at least one reducing metal salt is preferred [measure a)].
- step (i) is in the (sole) presence of at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the conversion to compound I 'in another manner , preferably water, one of the abovementioned dilute aqueous mineral acids or a mixture of said reductive organic, water-miscible solvents with water or one of the abovementioned dilute aqueous mineral acids and in particular of water or of a mixture of said reductive active, organic, water-miscible solvent with water [measure e)].
- the solvents are preferably used in degassed form. This embodiment is particularly suitable when an aniline having a relatively high reduction potential, such as phenylenediamine, is used, which acts as a reducing agent for the diazonium salt.
- one of these measures is preferably the implementation of step (i) in the presence of at least one reducing agent and in particular at least one reducing metal salt and / or carrying out step (i) in the presence of at least one solvent which effects the radical decomposition of the diazonium salt of the formula II into nitrogen and an aryl radical and / or promotes the conversion to the compound I 'in another manner.
- Particularly suitable is the combination of these two measures with each other and with the implementation of step (i) using ultrasound.
- Diazonium salts of the formula (II) are generally known and can be prepared by customary processes, as described, for example, in Organikum, Wiley VCH, 22nd edition. Thus, they are obtainable by diazotization of the corresponding aniline derivative, for example, by reacting such aniline derivative with nitrite in the presence of an acid, such as semi-concentrated sulfuric acid.
- Both corresponding aniline derivatives for the preparation of compounds (II) and aniline derivatives of the formula (III) are known or can be prepared by known processes, for example by hydrogenating appropriately substituted nitrobenzenes in the presence of a suitable catalyst or homogeneously (eg
- step (i) gives a product of formula I '
- R 1 , A ', E, R 5 , R 6 and m have the meanings given above.
- R 1 and m have the same meaning as used in the diazonium salt (II) and E and A 'or R 5 and R 6 have the same meaning as in the aniline (III) or (III 1 ) used (wherein, however 2nd variant of embodiment A-1 and in embodiment A-1.1, the group A 'is converted into an amino group NH2).
- step (i) The compound (I 1 ) is identical to the compound (I) with the sole exception that in compounds (I 1 ) A 'is not H.
- step (ii) it is possible to use any reaction known to the person skilled in the art which is suitable for converting a group A 1 on a phenyl ring into a hydrogen atom. Accordingly, the preparation of compounds (I), in which A is H going out of suitable compounds (I 1), in which A is a radical which can be converted into hydrogen.
- a compound (I 1 ) is used in which A is halogen, in particular bromine.
- A is halogen, in particular bromine.
- it may be prepared by means of reductive dehalogenation, eg. B. by triphenyltin hydride (J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2332), lithium aluminum hydride (J. Chem. Res. 1990, 190) or catalytic hydrogenation are replaced by a hydrogen atom.
- the isomer separation in steps (i-a) or (i-b1) in embodiments A-1 or a-1.1 of the process according to the invention can be carried out by customary separation methods, for example by means of extractive or chromatographic methods, such as column chromatography, HPLC and the like.
- step (i) or (i-b1) in step (i-b2) is preferably carried out by diazotization of the amino group (NH.sub.2 group) and subsequent reductive removal of the nitrogen.
- the diazotization takes place by customary processes, for example by reacting the compound (I 1 ) or (I 1 B) or (Xl) with nitrite, for example sodium nitrite, in the presence of an acid, such as, for example, half-concentrated hydrochloric acid, half-concentrated hydrobromic acid or half-concentrated sulfuric acid.
- nitrite for example sodium nitrite
- the reduction is usually in situ.
- Suitable solvents are, in particular, cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, and dimethylformamide.
- step (i-b3 ) The removal of the radical R 6 , which is indeed a protective group, or if necessary also of the radical R 5 (in the case where R 5 and R 6 together form a protective group), takes place in step (i-b3 ) usually under conditions common to the removal of amine protecting groups.
- the most favorable conditions for removing the respective protective group R 6 and optionally R 5 are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art.
- Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl
- Boc is usually the easiest to remove with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride in ethereal or alcoholic solution, while in acetyl, dimethylformamidino and imines, the hydrolysis can also be carried out in basic aqueous solution.
- step (i) or (ii), (ia) or (i.b3) and the isolation of the compound of formula (I 1 ) or (I) or (X) is carried out in the usual manner, for example, by an extractive workup, by removal of the solvent, for. B. under reduced pressure, or by a combination of these measures. Further purification can be carried out, for example, by crystallization, distillation or by chromatography.
- Excess or unreacted educts are mainly the Aniline compound (III) or (III 1 ), which is indeed used in excess relative to the diazonium salt (II), are preferably isolated in the workup and used again in step (i).
- the reaction mixture from step (i) and / or (ii) and / or (ia) and / or (i-b3) is extracted several times for working up with a suitable, substantially water-immiscible organic solvent and the Concentrated combined organic phases.
- a suitable, substantially water-immiscible organic solvent and the Concentrated combined organic phases are listed above.
- the product isolated in this way can then be kept ready for use or used directly, for example in a further reaction step, or further purified beforehand.
- the reaction mixture is preferably at least partially neutralized prior to extraction with an organic solvent, which is usually done by adding a base.
- Suitable bases include, for example, inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, e.g. Lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, e.g. Magnesium or calcium hydroxide, or alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides, e.g. Sodium, magnesium or calcium oxide; organic bases such as alcoholates, e.g.
- amines such as diethylamine, triethylamine or ethyldiisopropylamine.
- the abovementioned inorganic bases which are preferably used as aqueous solution, and in particular the abovementioned alkali metal hydroxides, such as lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, preferably in the form of their aqueous solution.
- a reducing agent for example, an aqueous sodium sulfite solution
- the invention further provides a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (IV)
- R 1 , m, E and A have the meanings given above, and
- Y is aryl or 5- or 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms which are selected from among N, O and S as ring members, where aryl and hetaryl optionally carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents, which are selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy,
- step (ii) optionally converting the aminobiphenyl of the formula (I 1 ) obtained in step (i) into an aminobiphenyl of the formula (I) in which A is hydrogen.
- a preferred embodiment of process B (embodiment B-1) relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (IVA)
- R 1 , m, Y, A and E have the abovementioned meanings
- a ' has one of the meanings given for A, with the proviso that
- a 'does not stand for hydrogen
- X denotes a monovalent anion or the monovalent anion equivalent part of a polyvalent anion
- step (N) optionally converting the aminobiphenyl of the formula (I 1 A) obtained in step (i) or (ia) into an aminobiphenyl of the formula (IA) in which A is hydrogen; or
- R 5 is H
- R 6 is a protective group and preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, CTC 4 -haloalkylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyloxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl Di (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl; or
- a particularly preferred embodiment (embodiment B-1.1) of the second variant of the process B-1 relates to a process for the preparation of N-acyl-2-aminobiphenyls of the general formula (XIII)
- R 1 , E and m have the meanings given above;
- Y is aryl or 5- or 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms which are selected from among N, O and S as ring members, where aryl and hetaryl optionally carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents, which are selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy,
- step (i-b2) removing the amino group of the aminobiphenyl obtained in step (i) to obtain a biphenyl of the formula (XII) as defined above;
- process B also comprises the following steps: (iii) ⁇ / -acylation of the compound of the formula (I 1 ) obtained in step (i) or step (ii) or step (ia) or step (i-b3) or (I) or (X) by reaction with a
- step (iv) optionally converting the compound of formula (IV) obtained in step (iii) into a compound of formula (IV) wherein A is hydrogen.
- R 1 , m, E, A and A are also preferred for the compounds of the formulas (IV) and (IV) or (XIII).
- the compounds (I) and (I 1 ) are identical, with the only exception that A in compounds (I 1 ), unlike A in compounds (I) is not hydrogen.
- the compounds (IV) and (IV) are identical, with the only exception that A 'in compounds (IV), unlike A in compounds (IV), is not hydrogen (although in the 2nd variant of embodiment B-1 and in the case of embodiment B-1.1 the group A 'is converted into an amino group NH 2).
- Y preferably represents 5- or 6-membered hetaryl having 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms as ring members, where the hetaryl radical is optionally 1, 2 or 3 substituents, which are preferably selected from halogen, Ci-C 4 -AlkVl and Ci-C4-haloalkyl.
- the 5- or 6-membered hetaryl Y carries 1 or 2 substituents, which are preferably selected from halogen, CrC 4 -AlkVl and Ci-C 4 haloalkyl.
- the 5- or 6-membered hetaryl radical having 1, 2, or 3 nitrogen atoms as ring members is, for example, pyrrolyl, such as 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, such as 1-, 3-, 4- or 5- (1 H) -pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, such as 1-, 3-, 4- or 5- (1H) -imidazolyl, triazolyl, such as 1-, 4- or 5- [1,2,3] - (1H) - Triazolyl, 2- or 4- [1,2,3] - (2H) -triazolyl, pyridyl such as 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, pyrazinyl such as 2-pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl such as 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, such as 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, or triazinyl, such as 2- [1,3,5] triazinyl.
- pyrrolyl such as
- the 5- or 6-membered hetaryl radical having 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms is preferably ring members for pyrazolyl, such as 1-, 3-, 4- or 5- (1H) -pyrazolyl, or pyridyl, such as 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, and especially for pyrazol-4-yl or pyridin-3-yl.
- Y represents 2-chloropyrid-3-yl, 1-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) pyrazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-3- (difluoromethyl) pyrazol-4-yl or 1,3-dimethyl 5-fluoropyrazole-4-yl.
- the reagent of the formula (V) is generally a carboxylic acid or amide-forming derivative of a carboxylic acid, such as an acid halide, acid anhydride or esters.
- the leaving group W is usually hydroxy, halide, in particular chloride or bromide, a radical -OR 7 or a radical -O-CO-R 8 .
- the reaction in step (iii) may be carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent.
- Suitable coupling reagents are known to the person skilled in the art and are selected, for example, from carbodiimides, such as DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and DCI (diisopropylcarbodiimide), benzotriazole derivatives, such as HBTU ((O-benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N ', N'- Tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) and HCTU (1H-benzotriazolium-1 - [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -5-chloro-tetrafluoroborate) and phosphonium activators such as BOP ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy) -tris (dimethylamino)
- BOP ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy) -tris (dimethyla
- Suitable acid derivatives with which the carboxylic acid Y-COOH can form suitable mixed anhydrides are, for example, the esters of chloroformic acid, e.g. For example, isopropyl chloroformate and isobutyl chloroformate, or of chloroacetic acid.
- Suitable esters Y-COOR 7 are preferably derived from C 1 -C 4 -alkanols R 7 OH, where R 7 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-
- Suitable esters may also be derived from C2-C6 Polyols such as glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol and sorbitol, with the glycerol ester being preferred. If polyol esters are used, mixed esters, ie esters with different R 7 residues, can be used.
- ester Y-COOR 7 is a so-called active ester, which is formally obtained by the reaction of the acid Y-COOH with an active ester-forming alcohol, such as p-nitrophenol, N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), N-hydroxysuccinimide or OPfp (pentaflourphenol) receives.
- active ester-forming alcohol such as p-nitrophenol, N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), N-hydroxysuccinimide or OPfp (pentaflourphenol) receives.
- the reagent (V) used for the ⁇ / -acylation may have another conventional leaving group W, for example thiophenyl or imidazolyl.
- carboxylic acid halides (V) are used, in particular those in which the leaving group W is chlorine or bromine, and particularly preferably chlorine.
- the leaving group W is chlorine or bromine, and particularly preferably chlorine.
- preferably 0.5 to 4 mol and in particular 1 to 2 mol of the acid chloride are used per 1 mol of the compound (I) or (I 1 ) or (X).
- the ⁇ / acylation of an aminobiphenyl (I) or (I 1 ) or (X) is usually carried out with an acid chloride (V) in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, with generally 0.5 to 10 mol, in particular 1 to 4 moles of the base are used per 1 mole of the acid chloride.
- a base such as triethylamine
- the corresponding compound (I) or (I 1 ) or (X) together with the base will preferably be present in a solvent and at a temperature in the range of about - 30 0 C to 50 0 C, in particular from 0 ° C to 25 ° C, the acid chloride, optionally dissolved in a solvent, gradually add. Usually is then allowed at elevated temperature, for example in the range from 0 0 C to 150 0 C, in particular from 15 ° C to 80 0 C, to further react.
- the acylation can also be carried out in the absence of a base.
- the acylation is carried out in a two-phase system.
- One of the phases is aqueous and the second phase is based on at least one water-immiscible organic solvent.
- Suitable aqueous solvents and suitable water-immiscible organic solvents are described above and also in WO 03/37868. In this reference, in which also other suitable reaction conditions for acylation are generally described in the absence of bases, is hereby incorporated by reference.
- a or A is an amino group in compounds (I) or (I 1 ), then it is necessary for the selective preparation of compounds (IV) or (IV) to react this amino group before the reaction in step (iii ) to prevent the acylation on the nitrogen atom of this group from occurring.
- Suitable protecting groups and methods for their introduction are known to those skilled in the art. For example, the connection
- Compound (I) or (T) can be converted by reaction with acetyl chloride into a compound (I) or (I 1 ) in which A or A 'is NHR 6 , in which R 6 is acetyl.
- the compound (I) or (I 1 ) can be converted by reaction with a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or arylsulfonyl chloride, in particular with methylsulfonyl chloride Compound (I) or
- (I I ) in which A or A 'is NHR 6 , in which R 6 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl and in particular methylsulfonyl.
- the compound (I) or (I 1 ) can be converted into a compound (I) or (I 1 ) by reaction with an alkylating agent, such as dimethyl sulfate, methyl iodide, methyl bromide, trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate or triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate, in which A or A respectively 'stands for (NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + V, wherein R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl and V "is a halide anion, sulfate or tetrafluoroborate.
- an alkylating agent such as dimethyl s
- the introduction of the protective group may not be selective at the stage of the compound (I) or (I 1 ), it is more favorable in these cases to introduce the protective group before step (i) and thus to use a compound (III), in which A 'represents a protected amino group, the protective group may then, if desired, after completed step (iii) or (iv) be cleaved off by known methods, for example by hydrolysis or allyl protecting groups by reaction with a Ba in the presence of palladium and a nucleophile such as malonic acid.
- R 1 and m have the same meaning as in the diazonium salt (II) used in step (i), A has the same meaning As used in the aniline (III), A has the same meaning as A in the aniline (III) used or, when step (ii) was carried out for hydrogen, and Y has the same meaning as in the acylating agent (V) used.
- step (i) If it is desired to prepare compounds (IV) in which A is hydrogen, either after step (i), a reaction must be carried out after step (ii) or, alternatively, after step (iii), a reaction after step (iv) is carried out become. Alternatively, one proceeds according to the second variant of embodiment B-1 or according to embodiment B-1.1.
- step (ii) reference is made to the comments on method A.
- step (iv) as already stated in step (ii), it is possible to use any reaction known to the person skilled in the art which is suitable for converting a group A 'on a phenyl ring into a hydrogen atom. Accordingly, the preparation of compounds (IV) in which A is H starts from suitable compounds (IV) in which A 'is a radical convertible into hydrogen.
- a compound (IV) is used in which A 'is halogen, in particular bromine, or NR 5 R 6 , in particular NH 2 or one with a
- Amino group provided with protecting group such as tert-butoxycarbonylamino (NHBoc), acetylamino, dimethylformamidino, diallylamino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino, aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino, for example benzylimino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonylamino or arylsulfonylamino or A 'for (NR 7 R 8 R S ) + V- stands.
- protecting group such as tert-butoxycarbonylamino (NHBoc), acetylamino, dimethylformamidino, diallylamino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino, aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkylimino, for example benzylimino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonylamino or arylsulfonylamin
- substituent A is halogen, in particular bromine, it may be prepared by means of reductive dehalogenation, eg. B. by triphenyltin hydride (J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2332), lithium aluminum hydride (J. Chem. Res. 1990, 190) or catalytic hydrogenation are replaced by a hydrogen atom.
- reductive dehalogenation eg. B. by triphenyltin hydride (J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2332), lithium aluminum hydride (J. Chem. Res. 1990, 190) or catalytic hydrogenation are replaced by a hydrogen atom.
- An amino group as substituent A 'in a compound (IV) can be removed by diazotization and subsequent reduction, which is preferably carried out in situ. If the substituent A 'is a protected amino group, conventional deprotection reactions may first be carried out before the diazotization, for example deprotection with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride in ethereal or alcoholic solution (for Boc), hydrolysis in a neutral, acidic or basic aqueous solution ( Acetyl, dimethylformamidino, imine) or by reaction with a base in the presence of palladium and a C nucleophile such as malonic acid (AIIyI).
- the deamination can also be carried out without prior deprotection, for example according to the method of Wang et al., J. Org. Chem. 2001, 8293 (use of chloroamine).
- Trialkylammonium substituents [(NR 7 R 8 R 9 ) + V] can be prepared analogously to the by MacMillan et al., J. Am. Chem. Oc. 2002, 7894 under mild reductive conditions (sodium) are replaced by hydrogen.
- step (iii) or (iv) and the isolation of the compound of formula (IV) or (IV) or (XIII) is carried out in the usual way, for example by an aqueous, extractive workup Removing the solvent, e.g. B. under reduced pressure, or by a combination of these measures. Further purification can be carried out, for example, by crystallization, distillation or by chromatography.
- the compounds (XI) are novel and also the subject of the present invention.
- m is 1 and R 1 is 4-fluoro or 4-chloro.
- R 5 is also hydrogen and R 6 is acetyl, methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl.
- A is nitro, R 1a is H, R 1b is Cl and R 1c is H;
- A is Cl, RM is H, R 1b is CI and R 1c is ⁇ H;
- A is Br, R 1a is H, R 1b is Cl and R 1c is H;
- A is NH 2 , R 1a is H, R 1b is Cl and R 1c is Cl;
- A is Br, R 1a is H, R 1b is Cl and R 1c is Cl;
- A is NH 2 , R 1a is F, R 1b is F and R 1c is F; A is nitro, R 1a is F, R 1b is F and R 1c is F;
- A is Cl, R 1a is F, R 1b is F and R 1c is F;
- A is Br, R 1a is F, R 1b is F and R 1c is F;
- A is F
- R 1a is F
- R 1b is F
- R 1c is F
- diazonium salts are prepared.
- the diazonium salts used in Examples II below were prepared analogously using the correspondingly substituted aniline compounds.
- aniline derivative (III) 40 mmol of aniline derivative (III) were dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml of water, 8 ml of 10% strength by weight aqueous hydrochloric acid and 8 ml of a 1 M solution of titanium (III) chloride in 16 ml of 10% strength by weight aqueous hydrochloric acid (48 mmol HCl) suspended or dissolved.
- 2 mmol of the tetrafluoroborate salt of a diazonium compound (II) were added to this suspension or solution in small portions as a solid over a period of 10 minutes.
- HR-EI-MS: m / z 233.0601, calculated 233.0608 (Ci 3 Hi 2 35 CINO).
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Abstract
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CA2728223A CA2728223A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Method for producing aminobiphenyls |
US13/001,685 US8637707B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Method for producing aminobiphenylene |
EP09772556A EP2310353A1 (de) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von aminobiphenylen |
MX2010014132A MX2010014132A (es) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Procedimiento para la preparacion de aminobifenilos. |
BRPI0914924A BRPI0914924A2 (pt) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | processo para preparar aminobifenilas, e, composto. |
JP2011515479A JP2011526604A (ja) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | アミノビフェニル類の製造方法 |
CN200980134261.XA CN102143935B (zh) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | 生产氨基联苯类的方法 |
IL210051A IL210051A0 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2010-12-16 | Method for producing aminobiphenylene |
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CN (1) | CN102143935B (de) |
AR (1) | AR074166A1 (de) |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2012120003A1 (de) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-13 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur synthese von aminobiphenylen |
EP2546229A1 (de) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-16 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur Synthese von Aminobiphenylen |
US8492558B2 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2013-07-23 | Basf Se | Method for producing 2-aminobiphenylene |
WO2013132006A1 (de) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur synthese von aminobiphenylen unter verwendung von arylhydrazinen |
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CN103603007B (zh) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-12-02 | 北京工业大学 | 2-n-取代苯并噁唑类化合物的电化学催化合成方法 |
CN115261896B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-08-30 | 深圳职业技术学院 | 一种4’-烷胺基苯甲基-3-咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类衍生物的合成方法 |
CN118048636B (zh) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-09-13 | 平顶山学院 | 一种n-芳基酰胺电催化合成方法 |
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- 2009-07-03 CA CA2728223A patent/CA2728223A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-03 AR ARP090102516A patent/AR074166A1/es unknown
- 2009-07-03 KR KR1020117002686A patent/KR20110027834A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-07-03 CN CN200980134261.XA patent/CN102143935B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-03 BR BRPI0914924A patent/BRPI0914924A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2009-07-03 JP JP2011515479A patent/JP2011526604A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (5)
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US8492558B2 (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2013-07-23 | Basf Se | Method for producing 2-aminobiphenylene |
WO2012120003A1 (de) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-13 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur synthese von aminobiphenylen |
CN103517893A (zh) * | 2011-03-07 | 2014-01-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 合成氨基联苯的方法 |
EP2546229A1 (de) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-16 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur Synthese von Aminobiphenylen |
WO2013132006A1 (de) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur synthese von aminobiphenylen unter verwendung von arylhydrazinen |
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AR074166A1 (es) | 2010-12-29 |
US20110105760A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
CA2728223A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
JP2011526604A (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
KR20110027834A (ko) | 2011-03-16 |
BRPI0914924A2 (pt) | 2015-10-20 |
IL210051A0 (en) | 2011-02-28 |
CN102143935B (zh) | 2014-10-22 |
MX2010014132A (es) | 2011-07-28 |
CN102143935A (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
EP2310353A1 (de) | 2011-04-20 |
US8637707B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
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