WO2009157501A1 - Method of detoxifying harmful substance, waste disposal site, and paved road - Google Patents

Method of detoxifying harmful substance, waste disposal site, and paved road Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009157501A1
WO2009157501A1 PCT/JP2009/061561 JP2009061561W WO2009157501A1 WO 2009157501 A1 WO2009157501 A1 WO 2009157501A1 JP 2009061561 W JP2009061561 W JP 2009061561W WO 2009157501 A1 WO2009157501 A1 WO 2009157501A1
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Prior art keywords
clay mineral
water
permeable clay
waste
harmful substances
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PCT/JP2009/061561
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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斉 竹本
広昌 錦織
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竹本 淳
竹本 浩
国立大学法人信州大学
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Application filed by 竹本 淳, 竹本 浩, 国立大学法人信州大学 filed Critical 竹本 淳
Priority to JP2010518047A priority Critical patent/JP4897980B2/en
Publication of WO2009157501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009157501A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste itself and a method for detoxifying harmful substances such as incinerated ash and molten slag, a waste disposal site using the detoxification method, and a paved road.
  • waste and its disposal materials such as incineration ash and molten slag are stored for a long period of time. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent soil and groundwater from being contaminated by organic pollutants and heavy metals and the like that are eluted from the disposal materials.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detoxifying a hazardous substance, which can appropriately prevent the harmful substance eluted from the waste and its incinerated ash, molten slag, etc. from being diffused, and does not burden the environment and at a low cost. To provide a disposal site and paved road.
  • the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.
  • hazardous substances such as heavy metals and organic pollutants eluted from waste and its incinerated ash and molten slag come into contact with the permeable clay mineral.
  • the water-permeable clay mineral In order to be adsorbed by the water-permeable clay mineral, the water-permeable clay mineral is arranged close to and / or in contact with the harmful substance, and is adsorbed and fixed.
  • the water-permeable clay mineral is mixed with and / or kneaded with the waste or the incinerated ash thereof, thereby adding the water-permeable clay mineral to the water-permeable clay mineral. It can be characterized by adsorbing and fixing harmful substances. Moreover, according to one form of the detoxifying method for harmful substances according to the present invention, the water-permeable clay mineral to which the harmful substances are adsorbed and fixed is melted.
  • the permeable clay mineral adsorbing layer is provided on the inner bottom surface portion and the inner side surface portion that form a storage space for a landfill disposal site or a container, By adsorbing and fixing harmful substances, diffusion due to elution of the harmful substances can be prevented.
  • the water-permeable clay mineral contains at least allophane and / or imogolite.
  • the adsorption layer of the said water-permeable clay mineral is provided so that the detoxification method of the said harmful substance may be used.
  • the said water-permeable clay mineral can be used for at least one part of covering soil.
  • the molten slag formed by melting waste and its incineration ash is paved by being paved by being laid as a part of the laminated material of the inner layer.
  • a toxic substance such as heavy metal eluted from the molten slag or the like is in contact with the permeable clay mineral, and is adsorbed by the permeable clay mineral.
  • an adsorption layer of the water-permeable clay mineral is provided.
  • the waste disposal site and the paved road According to the method for detoxifying harmful substances, the waste disposal site and the paved road according to the present invention, it is appropriate that the hazardous substances eluted from the waste and its incinerated ash, molten slag, etc. are diffused properly and without burdening the environment. In addition, it has a particularly remarkable effect that it can be prevented at low cost.
  • the present invention finds the property of water-permeable clay mineral and has the property of adsorbing and fixing harmful substances and utilizing the property.
  • a harmful substance can be made harmless.
  • the water-permeable clay mineral has more excellent adsorptivity, it can efficiently detoxify harmful substances.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a system showing an embodiment of a waste disposal method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a waste disposal site according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a paved road for reusing waste according to the present invention.
  • the water-permeable clay mineral is placed close to and / or in contact with it, and is adsorbed and fixed. Thereby, a hazardous
  • the elution of heavy metals is performed using water such as rain water as a medium. Further, the adsorption action of the eluted heavy metal by the water-permeable clay mineral is also performed using water such as rain water as a medium.
  • the water-permeable clay mineral by which the harmful substance was adsorbed and fixed may be melt
  • a melting furnace (refer FIG. 1).
  • the permeable clay mineral adsorbed with harmful substances may be melted in a state of being mixed with waste or its incinerated ash, or it may be melted in a state where the permeable clay mineral is separated from the waste or its incinerated ash. May be.
  • the separation of the water-permeable clay mineral from the waste and its incinerated ash can be performed by utilizing the specific gravity difference. This separation can also remove harmful substances.
  • Detoxification, insolubilization, and prevention of diffusion of toxic substances such as heavy metals can be effectively realized by melting permeable clay minerals that have adsorbed toxic substances.
  • the molten solidified material can be suitably reused as a detoxified civil engineering material.
  • a water-permeable clay mineral can be mixed to prevent penetration of harmful substances into the soil.
  • Low cost due to the use of abundant natural water-permeable clay minerals.
  • a permeable clay mineral adsorbing layer 20 (inner bottom surface portion) is formed on an inner bottom surface portion or inner side surface portion (a slope portion in the case of a landfill disposal site) that creates a storage space for a landfill disposal site or container.
  • the low water-permeable clay layer 40, the water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 (20 ⁇ / b> A and 20 ⁇ / b> B), the water-impervious sheet 45, and the water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 are again formed on the base layer 50. They are laminated in order, and the waste 10 is placed thereon and covered with soil (covering layer 30). Further, a water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20, a waste 10, and a soil covering layer 30 are further formed and backfilled thereon.
  • a water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 is provided on the downstream side of water that permeates the waste 10. For this reason, even if harmful substances such as heavy metals are eluted, they can be appropriately adsorbed and captured by the adsorption layer 20 and further prevent contamination of deep soil and groundwater. That is, it is possible to suitably prevent the diffusion of harmful pollutants. And since a water-permeable clay mineral accept
  • the present invention can also be applied to a paved road in which ordinary molten slag formed by melting waste and its incinerated ash is laid and paved as part of an inner layered laminate (see FIG. 3).
  • harmful substances such as heavy metals eluted from molten slag etc. come into contact with the water-permeable clay mineral, and are adsorbed by the water-permeable clay mineral below the layer 60 where the molten slag etc. is laid, It is preferable that the water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 is laid.
  • a permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 is laid on a base layer 50, and a layer 60 on which molten slag or the like is laid is provided.
  • the layer 60 on which the molten slag is spread is generally a layer that becomes a base of the pavement by a civil engineering material such as gravel or crushed stone, and at least a part of the civil engineering material that the molten slag substitutes for gravel or crushed stone. It is the layer used as. According to this, waste (molten slag) can be reused suitably as a civil engineering material.
  • the adsorbing layer 20 is provided again on the layer 60 on which the molten slag is spread, and the surface layer is covered with the asphalt 70.
  • harmful substances such as heavy metals eluted from the molten slag can be adsorbed and fixed by the lower adsorption layer 20, and organic pollutants eluted from the asphalt 70 are adsorbed and fixed by the upper adsorption layer 20. be able to. Therefore, the diffusion of harmful pollutants can be suitably prevented.
  • the process of mixing / kneading the soil covering of the waste disposal site can be used as an improvement material for soil contaminated land using the action of adsorbing and fixing the harmful substances of the water-permeable clay mineral.
  • Comparative example (without allophane) 1500 mg / kg of lead nitrate was wet mixed with the incineration ash of general waste, dried at 100 ° C., heated and melted at 1500 ° C. for 2 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a molten solidified product.
  • the obtained melt-solidified product was pulverized and the lead content was measured by the measurement method according to the soil content survey based on Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 19 to obtain 488.4 mg / kg.
  • the obtained value greatly exceeded the designated reference value of 150 mg / kg in the designated area based on the provisions of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.

Abstract

A method of detoxifying harmful substances released from wastes and waste incineration ash or from molten slag, etc., in which the diffusion of the harmful substances can be properly prevented at low cost without imposing any burden on the environment.  Also provided are a waste disposal site and a paved road. A water-permeable clay mineral is disposed so as to be close to and/or in contact with harmful substances, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants, released from wastes and waste incineration ash or from molten slag, etc. so that the harmful substances come into contact with the water-permeable clay mineral and are thereby adsorbed onto the water-permeable clay mineral.  Thus, the harmful substances are adsorbed and fixed.  By mixing and/or kneading a water-permeable clay mineral with wastes or waste incineration ash, harmful substances are more effectively adsorbed and fixed onto the water-permeable clay mineral.

Description

有害物質の無害化方法、廃棄物の処分場及び舗装道路Methods for detoxifying harmful substances, waste disposal sites and paved roads
　この発明は、廃棄物自体及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等の有害物質の無害化方法、その無害化方法を利用した廃棄物の処分場、及び舗装道路に関する。 The present invention relates to a waste itself and a method for detoxifying harmful substances such as incinerated ash and molten slag, a waste disposal site using the detoxification method, and a paved road.
　廃棄物及びその焼却灰を、安全且つ環境に低負荷な条件で土木材料等として再利用又は埋め立てる必要がある。
　例えば廃棄物の最終処分場では、廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等の被処分物質を長期に亘って保管することになる。そのため、その被処分物質から溶出する有機汚染物質や重金属等の有害物質によって、土壌や地下水が汚染されることを防止する必要がある。 It is necessary to reuse or landfill waste and its incinerated ash as civil engineering materials and the like under conditions that are safe and have a low environmental impact.
For example, in a final disposal site for waste, the waste and its disposal materials such as incineration ash and molten slag are stored for a long period of time. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent soil and groundwater from being contaminated by organic pollutants and heavy metals and the like that are eluted from the disposal materials.
　これについて従来は、廃棄物及びその焼却灰を溶融スラグ化することにより、これらに含まれる重金属等の有害物質の溶出を抑えて土木材料等として再利用する技術がある。
　しかし、この通常の溶融スラグ化の技術は、酸性雨などの条件を考慮すると不溶化技術として不完全であるという問題がある。 Conventionally, there is a technology for recycling waste and its incinerated ash into molten slag, thereby suppressing the elution of harmful substances such as heavy metals contained therein and reusing them as civil engineering materials.
However, there is a problem that this ordinary molten slag forming technique is incomplete as an insolubilizing technique in consideration of conditions such as acid rain.
　また、従来の廃棄物処分場にあっては、遮水シートを敷くことによって、有害物質の地下浸透の防止を図っている（特許文献１参照）。
　しかしながら、遮水シートは、劣化等によって破れる危険性があり、有害物質の拡散を適切に防止できないことが考えられる。 Moreover, in the conventional waste disposal site, the underground penetration | invasion of a hazardous | toxic substance is aimed at by laying a water-impervious sheet (refer patent document 1).
However, there is a risk that the water shielding sheet may be broken due to deterioration or the like, and it is considered that the diffusion of harmful substances cannot be prevented appropriately.
特開平０５－１１２９２４号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-112924
　有害物質の無害化方法、廃棄物の処分場及び舗装道路に関して解決しようとする問題点は、酸性条件下における廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等から有害物質が溶出する危険性や、廃棄物処分場における遮水シートが劣化等によって破れる危険性に対し、従来の方法では適切に対応できず、有害物質が拡散することを適切に防止できない点にある。
　そこで本発明の目的は、廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等から溶出する有害物質が拡散することを適切及び環境に負荷をかけず且つ低コストで防止できる有害物質の無害化方法、廃棄物の処分場及び舗装道路を提供することにある。 Problems to be solved regarding the detoxification method of hazardous substances, waste disposal sites and paved roads include the danger of toxic substances leaching from waste and its incinerated ash and molten slag under acidic conditions, The conventional method cannot cope with the risk that the water shielding sheet at the disposal site is broken due to deterioration or the like, and it is not possible to appropriately prevent the diffusion of harmful substances.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detoxifying a hazardous substance, which can appropriately prevent the harmful substance eluted from the waste and its incinerated ash, molten slag, etc. from being diffused, and does not burden the environment and at a low cost. To provide a disposal site and paved road.
　本発明は、上記目的を達成するために次の構成を備える。
　本発明にかかる有害物質の無害化方法の一形態によれば、廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等から溶出する重金属や有機汚染物質等の有害物質が、透水性粘土鉱物に接触することで、該透水性粘土鉱物に吸着されるべく、前記有害物質に対して前記透水性粘土鉱物を近接及び／又は接触させて配し、吸着固定させる。 The present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.
According to one form of the detoxifying method for harmful substances according to the present invention, hazardous substances such as heavy metals and organic pollutants eluted from waste and its incinerated ash and molten slag come into contact with the permeable clay mineral. In order to be adsorbed by the water-permeable clay mineral, the water-permeable clay mineral is arranged close to and / or in contact with the harmful substance, and is adsorbed and fixed.
　また、本発明にかかる有害物質の無害化方法の一形態によれば、前記廃棄物やその焼却灰に、前記透水性粘土鉱物を混合及び／又は混練することで、該透水性粘土鉱物に前記有害物質を吸着固定させることを特徴とすることができる。
　また、本発明にかかる有害物質の無害化方法の一形態によれば、前記有害物質が吸着固定された前記透水性粘土鉱物を溶融することを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the detoxifying method for harmful substances according to the present invention, the water-permeable clay mineral is mixed with and / or kneaded with the waste or the incinerated ash thereof, thereby adding the water-permeable clay mineral to the water-permeable clay mineral. It can be characterized by adsorbing and fixing harmful substances.
Moreover, according to one form of the detoxifying method for harmful substances according to the present invention, the water-permeable clay mineral to which the harmful substances are adsorbed and fixed is melted.
　また、本発明にかかる有害物質の無害化方法の一形態によれば、埋め立て処分場や容器等の収容空間をつくる内底面部や内側面部に、前記透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層を設け、前記有害物質を吸着固定させることで、前記有害物質の溶出による拡散を防止することを特徴とすることができる。 Further, according to one form of the detoxifying method for harmful substances according to the present invention, the permeable clay mineral adsorbing layer is provided on the inner bottom surface portion and the inner side surface portion that form a storage space for a landfill disposal site or a container, By adsorbing and fixing harmful substances, diffusion due to elution of the harmful substances can be prevented.
　また、本発明にかかる有害物質の無害化方法の一形態によれば、前記透水性粘土鉱物が少なくともアロフェン及び／又はイモゴライトを含むものであることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the detoxifying method for harmful substances according to the present invention, the water-permeable clay mineral contains at least allophane and / or imogolite.
　また、本発明にかかる廃棄物の処分場の一形態によれば、前記の有害物質の無害化方法が用いられるように、前記透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層が設けられている。
　また、本発明にかかる廃棄物の処分場の一形態によれば、前記透水性粘土鉱物が、覆土の少なくとも一部に用いられていることを特徴とすることができる。 Moreover, according to one form of the waste disposal site concerning this invention, the adsorption layer of the said water-permeable clay mineral is provided so that the detoxification method of the said harmful substance may be used.
Moreover, according to one form of the waste disposal site concerning this invention, the said water-permeable clay mineral can be used for at least one part of covering soil.
　また、本発明にかかる舗装道路の一形態によれば、廃棄物やその焼却灰が溶融されて形成された溶融スラグ等が、内層の積層材の一部として敷かれて舗装される舗装道路であって、前記溶融スラグ等から溶出する重金属等の有害物質が、透水性粘土鉱物に接触することで、該透水性粘土鉱物に吸着されるように、前記溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層より下層に、前記透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層が敷かれて設けられている。 Further, according to one aspect of the paved road according to the present invention, the molten slag formed by melting waste and its incineration ash is paved by being paved by being laid as a part of the laminated material of the inner layer. A toxic substance such as heavy metal eluted from the molten slag or the like is in contact with the permeable clay mineral, and is adsorbed by the permeable clay mineral. In addition, an adsorption layer of the water-permeable clay mineral is provided.
　本発明の有害物質の無害化方法、廃棄物の処分場及び舗装道路によれば、廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等から溶出する有害物質が拡散することを適切及び環境に負荷をかけず且つ低コストで防止できるという特別顕著な効果を奏する。 According to the method for detoxifying harmful substances, the waste disposal site and the paved road according to the present invention, it is appropriate that the hazardous substances eluted from the waste and its incinerated ash, molten slag, etc. are diffused properly and without burdening the environment. In addition, it has a particularly remarkable effect that it can be prevented at low cost.
本発明にかかる廃棄物の処分方法の形態例を示すシステムの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the system which shows the example of the form of the disposal method of the waste concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる廃棄物の処分場の形態例を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the example of the form of the disposal site of the waste concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる廃棄物を再利用する舗装道路の形態例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the form of the paved road which reuses the waste concerning this invention.
　本発明は、透水性粘土鉱物について、透水性を有すると共に有害物質を吸着固定する性質を見い出し、その性質を利用したものである。
　なお、低透水性の粘土鉱物であっても、重金属等の有害物質を吸着することができるため、有害物質の無害化が可能である。但し、透水性粘土鉱物は、より優れた吸着性を有するため、有害物質の無害化を効率的に行うことができる。 The present invention finds the property of water-permeable clay mineral and has the property of adsorbing and fixing harmful substances and utilizing the property.
In addition, even if it is a low water permeability clay mineral, since harmful substances, such as a heavy metal, can be adsorbed, a harmful substance can be made harmless. However, since the water-permeable clay mineral has more excellent adsorptivity, it can efficiently detoxify harmful substances.
　以下、本発明にかかる有害物質の無害化方法、廃棄物の処分場及び舗装道路の最良の形態例を添付図面（図１～３）に基づいて詳細に説明する。
　図１は本発明にかかる廃棄物の処分方法の形態例を示すシステムの説明図である。図２は本発明にかかる廃棄物の処分場の形態例を示す断面図である。図３は本発明にかかる廃棄物を再利用する舗装道路の形態例を示す断面図である。 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, best modes of a detoxifying method, waste disposal site and paved road according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (FIGS. 1 to 3).
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a system showing an embodiment of a waste disposal method according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a waste disposal site according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a paved road for reusing waste according to the present invention.
　廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等から溶出する重金属や有機汚染物質等の有害物質が、透水性粘土鉱物に接触することで、その透水性粘土鉱物に吸着されるべく、前記有害物質に対して前記透水性粘土鉱物を近接及び／又は接触させて配し、吸着固定させる。これにより、有害物質を好適に固定して、その拡散を防止することができる。
　なお、重金属の溶出は、例えば雨水などの水を媒体にしてなされる。また、溶出された重金属の透水性粘土鉱物による吸着作用も、例えば雨水などの水を媒体にしてなされる。 To prevent harmful substances such as heavy metals and organic pollutants eluted from waste and its incinerated ash and molten slag from adhering to the permeable clay mineral, The water-permeable clay mineral is placed close to and / or in contact with it, and is adsorbed and fixed. Thereby, a hazardous | toxic substance can be fixed suitably and the spreading | diffusion can be prevented.
The elution of heavy metals is performed using water such as rain water as a medium. Further, the adsorption action of the eluted heavy metal by the water-permeable clay mineral is also performed using water such as rain water as a medium.
　廃棄物やその廃棄物を焼却炉（図１参照）によって燃焼させた後の焼却灰に、透水性粘土鉱物を混合及び／又は混練することで、その透水性粘土鉱物に有害物質（有機汚染物質、重金属等）を効果的に吸着固定させることができる。
　透水性粘土鉱物の化学的吸着作用を利用するため、無害化の効果が高い。このように無害化される廃棄物としては、例えば、下水道汚泥がある。
　また、透水性粘土鉱物が少なくともアロフェン及び／又はイモゴライトを含むものであることで、有害物質を効果的に吸着固定できる。アロフェンやイモゴライト等は、天然に豊富に存在する透水性粘土鉱物であり、低コストで利用できる。 By mixing and / or kneading the permeable clay mineral with the incinerated ash after burning the waste or its waste in an incinerator (see Fig. 1), harmful substances (organic pollutants) are added to the permeable clay mineral. , Heavy metals, etc.) can be effectively adsorbed and fixed.
Because it uses the chemical adsorption of permeable clay minerals, it is highly detoxifying. An example of the waste that is rendered harmless is sewer sludge.
In addition, since the water-permeable clay mineral contains at least allophane and / or imogolite, harmful substances can be effectively adsorbed and fixed. Allophane and imogolite are naturally permeable clay minerals that can be used at low cost.
　また、廃棄物やその焼却灰に、透水性粘土鉱物を混合及び／又は混練した上で、有害物質が吸着固定された透水性粘土鉱物を溶融炉（図１参照）で溶融してもよい。
　このように廃棄物及びその焼却灰を溶融する際に透水性粘土鉱物を混合することで、生成した固化物からの重金属の溶出を酸性条件においても適切に防ぐことができる。 Moreover, after mixing and / or kneading | mixing a water-permeable clay mineral with waste and its incinerated ash, the water-permeable clay mineral by which the harmful substance was adsorbed and fixed may be melt | dissolved with a melting furnace (refer FIG. 1).
Thus, by mixing the water-permeable clay mineral when melting the waste and its incineration ash, elution of heavy metals from the produced solidified product can be appropriately prevented even under acidic conditions.
　また、有害物質が吸着された透水性粘土鉱物は、廃棄物やその焼却灰と混合した状態で溶融してもよいし、廃棄物やその焼却灰から透水性粘土鉱物を分離した状態で溶融してもよい。透水性粘土鉱物を分離して溶融することで、溶融固化物の発生量を低減できる。なお、透水性粘土鉱物と、廃棄物やその焼却灰との分離は、その比重差を利用して行うことができる。この分離によって有害物質の除去を実現することもできる。 The permeable clay mineral adsorbed with harmful substances may be melted in a state of being mixed with waste or its incinerated ash, or it may be melted in a state where the permeable clay mineral is separated from the waste or its incinerated ash. May be. By separating and melting the permeable clay mineral, it is possible to reduce the amount of melt-solidified product. The separation of the water-permeable clay mineral from the waste and its incinerated ash can be performed by utilizing the specific gravity difference. This separation can also remove harmful substances.
　以上の工程においては、廃棄及びその焼却灰に透水性粘土鉱物を混合するという簡単な操作工程であるため、大がかりな設備を必要としない。 In the above process, since it is a simple operation process of disposing and mixing the permeable clay mineral with the incinerated ash, no large-scale equipment is required.
　有害物質が吸着された透水性粘土鉱物の溶融化によって、重金属等の有害物質の無害化、不溶化、拡散防止などを効果的に実現できる。また、その溶融固化物は、無害化した土木資材等として好適に再利用できる。 Detoxification, insolubilization, and prevention of diffusion of toxic substances such as heavy metals can be effectively realized by melting permeable clay minerals that have adsorbed toxic substances. Moreover, the molten solidified material can be suitably reused as a detoxified civil engineering material.
　また、廃棄物及びその焼却灰を埋め立て処理する際に透水性粘土鉱物を混合し、有害物質の土壌への浸透を防ぐことができる。豊富に存在する天然の透水性粘土鉱物を利用するため低コストである。
　さらに、図２に示すように、埋め立て処分場や容器等の収容空間をつくる内底面部や内側面部（埋め立て処分場の場合は法面部）に、透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０（内底面部の吸着層２０Ａ、法面部の吸着層２０Ｂ）を設け、前述した有害物質を吸着固定させることで、その有害物質の溶出による拡散を防止することができる。 Further, when the waste and its incinerated ash are landfilled, a water-permeable clay mineral can be mixed to prevent penetration of harmful substances into the soil. Low cost due to the use of abundant natural water-permeable clay minerals.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a permeable clay mineral adsorbing layer 20 (inner bottom surface portion) is formed on an inner bottom surface portion or inner side surface portion (a slope portion in the case of a landfill disposal site) that creates a storage space for a landfill disposal site or container. By adsorbing and fixing the harmful substances described above, it is possible to prevent diffusion due to the elution of the harmful substances.
　図２の形態例では、基層５０の上に、低透水性の粘土層４０、透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０（２０Ａ及び２０Ｂ）、遮水シート４５、再び透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０の順に積層され、その上に廃棄物１０が置かれて覆土（覆土層３０）されている。そして、その上にさらに透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０、廃棄物１０、覆土層３０が形成され、埋め戻されている。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the low water-permeable clay layer 40, the water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 (20 </ b> A and 20 </ b> B), the water-impervious sheet 45, and the water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 are again formed on the base layer 50. They are laminated in order, and the waste 10 is placed thereon and covered with soil (covering layer 30). Further, a water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20, a waste 10, and a soil covering layer 30 are further formed and backfilled thereon.
　この埋め立て処分場では、透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０が廃棄物１０に対して浸透する水の下流側に設けられている。このため、たとえ重金属等の有害物質が溶出したとしても、吸着層２０によって好適に吸着・捕捉され、さらに深部の土壌や地下水を汚染することを防止できる。つまり、有害な汚染物質の拡散を好適に防止することができる。そして、透水性粘土鉱物は、水の透過を許容するため、滞留水による問題を生じさせない。
　さらに、覆土層３０の少なくとも一部として透水性粘土鉱物を用いてもよい。例えば、透水性粘土鉱物を、覆土に混合することや、覆土として撒けばよい。これによれば、有害物質の吸着容量を高めることができ、その拡散を好適に防止できる。 In this landfill site, a water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 is provided on the downstream side of water that permeates the waste 10. For this reason, even if harmful substances such as heavy metals are eluted, they can be appropriately adsorbed and captured by the adsorption layer 20 and further prevent contamination of deep soil and groundwater. That is, it is possible to suitably prevent the diffusion of harmful pollutants. And since a water-permeable clay mineral accept | permits permeation | transmission of water, it does not produce the problem by stagnant water.
Furthermore, a permeable clay mineral may be used as at least a part of the soil covering layer 30. For example, a water-permeable clay mineral may be mixed with the cover soil or spread as cover soil. According to this, the adsorption capacity of harmful substances can be increased, and the diffusion thereof can be suitably prevented.
　また、廃棄物やその焼却灰が溶融されて形成された通常の溶融スラグ等が、内層の積層材の一部として敷かれて舗装される舗装道路にも本発明を適用できる（図３参照）。
　例えば、溶融スラグ等から溶出する重金属等の有害物質が、透水性粘土鉱物に接触することで、その透水性粘土鉱物に吸着されるように、溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層６０より下層に、透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０が敷かれて設けられているとよい。 Further, the present invention can also be applied to a paved road in which ordinary molten slag formed by melting waste and its incinerated ash is laid and paved as part of an inner layered laminate (see FIG. 3). .
For example, harmful substances such as heavy metals eluted from molten slag etc. come into contact with the water-permeable clay mineral, and are adsorbed by the water-permeable clay mineral below the layer 60 where the molten slag etc. is laid, It is preferable that the water-permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 is laid.
　実施の形態例としては図３に示すように、先ず、基層５０の上に透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層２０が敷かれて、その上層に溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層６０が設けられている。この溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層６０とは、一般的には砂利や砕石などの土木資材によって舗装の基部となる層であって、溶融スラグが砂利や砕石に代替する土木資材の少なくとも一部として用いられた層になっている。これによれば、廃棄物（溶融スラグ）を土木資材として好適に再利用することができる。 As an example of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, first, a permeable clay mineral adsorption layer 20 is laid on a base layer 50, and a layer 60 on which molten slag or the like is laid is provided. . The layer 60 on which the molten slag is spread is generally a layer that becomes a base of the pavement by a civil engineering material such as gravel or crushed stone, and at least a part of the civil engineering material that the molten slag substitutes for gravel or crushed stone. It is the layer used as. According to this, waste (molten slag) can be reused suitably as a civil engineering material.
　そして、この舗装道路の構成は、その溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層６０の上に再び吸着層２０が設けられ、表層がアスファルト７０で覆われている。
　これによれば、下側の吸着層２０によって、溶融スラグから溶出する重金属等の有害物質を吸着固定することができ、上側の吸着層２０によって、アスファルト７０から溶出する有機汚染物質を吸着固定することができる。従って、有害な汚染物質の拡散を好適に防止することができる。そして、透水性粘土鉱物は、水の透過を許容するため、滞留水による問題を生じさせない。 In the construction of the paved road, the adsorbing layer 20 is provided again on the layer 60 on which the molten slag is spread, and the surface layer is covered with the asphalt 70.
According to this, harmful substances such as heavy metals eluted from the molten slag can be adsorbed and fixed by the lower adsorption layer 20, and organic pollutants eluted from the asphalt 70 are adsorbed and fixed by the upper adsorption layer 20. be able to. Therefore, the diffusion of harmful pollutants can be suitably prevented. And since a water-permeable clay mineral accept | permits permeation | transmission of water, it does not produce the problem by stagnant water.
　その他の実施例として、廃棄物処理場の覆土等に混合／混練させる処理は、透水性粘土鉱物の有害物質の吸着固定作用を利用した土壌汚染の土地に対する改良材としても利用できる。 As another example, the process of mixing / kneading the soil covering of the waste disposal site can be used as an improvement material for soil contaminated land using the action of adsorbing and fixing the harmful substances of the water-permeable clay mineral.
　一般廃棄物の焼却灰に１５００ｍｇ／ｋｇの硝酸鉛および粒径３００ミクロン以下に乾式粉砕したアロフェンを１０質量％湿式混合し、１００℃にて乾燥後、１５００℃で２時間加熱し溶融させ、室温まで自然冷却することにより溶融固化体を得た。得られた溶融固化体を粉砕し、環境省告示第１９号に基づく土壌含有量調査に係る測定方法により鉛含有量を測定したところ、５５．４ｍｇ／ｋｇを得た。得られた値は土壌汚染対策法第５条第１項の規定に基づく指定区域の指定基準値１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇを大きく下回った。 10% by mass of 1500 mg / kg lead nitrate and allophane dry-ground to a particle size of 300 microns or less are wet-mixed with incineration ash of general waste, dried at 100 ° C., heated at 1500 ° C. for 2 hours to melt, The solution was naturally cooled to obtain a melt-solidified product. The obtained melt-solidified product was pulverized and the lead content was measured by the measurement method according to the soil content survey based on Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 19 to obtain 55.4 mg / kg. The obtained value was significantly lower than the designated reference value 150 mg / kg of the designated area based on the provisions of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
　一般廃棄物の焼却灰に１５００ｍｇ／ｋｇの硝酸鉛および粒径３００ミクロン以下に乾式粉砕したアロフェンを５質量％湿式混合し、１００℃にて乾燥後、１５００℃で２時間加熱し溶融させ、室温まで自然冷却することにより溶融固化体を得た。得られた溶融固化体を粉砕し、環境省告示第１９号に基づく土壌含有量調査に係る測定方法により鉛含有量を測定したところ、７７．６ｍｇ／ｋｇを得た。得られた値は土壌汚染対策法第５条第１項の規定に基づく指定区域の指定基準値１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇを大きく下回った。 5% by mass of 1500 mg / kg lead nitrate and allophane dry-pulverized to a particle size of 300 microns or less are wet mixed with the incineration ash of general waste, dried at 100 ° C., heated at 1500 ° C. for 2 hours to melt, The solution was naturally cooled to obtain a melt-solidified product. The obtained melt-solidified product was pulverized and the lead content was measured by the measurement method according to the soil content survey based on Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 19 to obtain 77.6 mg / kg. The obtained value was significantly lower than the designated reference value 150 mg / kg of the designated area based on the provisions of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
　一般廃棄物の焼却灰に４５００ｍｇ／ｋｇの硝酸鉛および粒径３００ミクロン以下に乾式粉砕したアロフェンを１０質量％湿式混合し、１００℃にて乾燥後、１５００℃で２時間加熱し溶融させ、室温まで自然冷却することにより溶融固化体を得た。得られた溶融固化体を粉砕し、環境省告示第１９号に基づく土壌含有量調査に係る測定方法により鉛含有量を測定したところ、８６．７ｍｇ／ｋｇを得た。得られた値は土壌汚染対策法第５条第１項の規定に基づく指定区域の指定基準値１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇを大きく下回った。 10% by mass of 4500 mg / kg of lead nitrate and dry-ground allophane to a particle size of 300 microns or less are wet mixed with the incineration ash of general waste, dried at 100 ° C., heated at 1500 ° C. for 2 hours to melt, The solution was naturally cooled to obtain a melt-solidified product. The obtained melt-solidified product was pulverized and the lead content was measured by the measurement method according to the soil content survey based on Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 19 to obtain 86.7 mg / kg. The obtained value was significantly lower than the designated reference value 150 mg / kg of the designated area based on the provisions of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
　一般廃棄物の焼却灰に７５００ｍｇ／ｋｇの硝酸鉛および粒径３００ミクロン以下に乾式粉砕したアロフェンを１０質量％湿式混合し、１００℃にて乾燥後、１５００℃で２時間加熱し溶融させ、室温まで自然冷却することにより溶融固化体を得た。得られた溶融固化体を粉砕し、環境省告示第１９号に基づく土壌含有量調査に係る測定方法により鉛含有量を測定したところ、１４０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇを得た。得られた値は土壌汚染対策法第５条第１項の規定に基づく指定区域の指定基準値１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇを下回った。 10% by mass of 7500mg / kg of lead nitrate and dry pulverized allophane to a particle size of 300 microns or less are wet mixed with the incineration ash of general waste, dried at 100 ° C, heated and melted at 1500 ° C for 2 hours, The solution was naturally cooled to obtain a melt-solidified product. The obtained melt-solidified product was pulverized and the lead content was measured by the measurement method according to the soil content survey based on Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 19 to obtain 140.7 mg / kg. The obtained value was lower than the designated reference value 150 mg / kg of the designated area based on the provisions of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
　比較例（アロフェンなしの場合）
　一般廃棄物の焼却灰に１５００ｍｇ／ｋｇの硝酸鉛を湿式混合し、１００℃にて乾燥後、１５００℃で２時間加熱し溶融させ、室温まで自然冷却することにより溶融固化体を得た。得られた溶融固化体を粉砕し、環境省告示第１９号に基づく土壌含有量調査に係る測定方法により鉛含有量を測定したところ、４８８．４ｍｇ／ｋｇを得た。得られた値は土壌汚染対策法第５条第１項の規定に基づく指定区域の指定基準値１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇを大きく上回った。 Comparative example (without allophane)
1500 mg / kg of lead nitrate was wet mixed with the incineration ash of general waste, dried at 100 ° C., heated and melted at 1500 ° C. for 2 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a molten solidified product. The obtained melt-solidified product was pulverized and the lead content was measured by the measurement method according to the soil content survey based on Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 19 to obtain 488.4 mg / kg. The obtained value greatly exceeded the designated reference value of 150 mg / kg in the designated area based on the provisions of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
　以上、本発明につき好適な形態例を挙げて種々説明してきたが、本発明はこの形態例に限定されるものではなく、発明の精神を逸脱しない範囲内で多くの改変を施し得るのは勿論のことである。 As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.
　１０　廃棄物
　２０　透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層
　２０Ａ　透水性粘土鉱物の内底面部の吸着層
　２０Ｂ　透水性粘土鉱物の法面部の吸着層
　３０　覆土層
　４０　低透水性の粘土層
　４５　遮水シート
　５０　基層
　６０　溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層
　７０　アスファルト DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Waste 20 Adsorption layer of water-permeable clay mineral 20A Adsorption layer of inner bottom part of water-permeable clay mineral 20B Adsorption layer of slope part of water-permeable clay mineral 30 Covering layer 40 Low-permeability clay layer 45 Water-impervious sheet 50 Base layer 60 Layer with molten slag, etc. 70 Asphalt

Claims (8)

  1. 　廃棄物及びその焼却灰や溶融スラグ等から溶出する重金属や有機汚染物質等の有害物質が、透水性粘土鉱物に接触することで、該透水性粘土鉱物に吸着されるべく、前記有害物質に対して前記透水性粘土鉱物を近接及び／又は接触させて配し、吸着固定させることを特徴とする有害物質の無害化方法。 In order to adsorb toxic substances such as heavy metals and organic pollutants eluted from waste and its incinerated ash, molten slag, etc. to the permeable clay mineral, A method for detoxifying harmful substances, characterized in that the water-permeable clay mineral is disposed in proximity and / or in contact with and adsorbed and fixed.
  2. 　前記廃棄物やその焼却灰に、前記透水性粘土鉱物を混合及び／又は混練することで、該透水性粘土鉱物に前記有害物質を吸着固定させることを特徴とする請求項１記載の有害物質の無害化方法。 The harmful substance according to claim 1, wherein the toxic substance is adsorbed and fixed to the permeable clay mineral by mixing and / or kneading the permeable clay mineral with the waste or the incinerated ash thereof. Detoxification method.
  3. 　前記有害物質が吸着固定された前記透水性粘土鉱物を溶融することを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の有害物質の無害化方法。 The method for detoxifying a harmful substance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-permeable clay mineral to which the harmful substance is adsorbed and fixed is melted.
  4. 　埋め立て処分場や容器等の収容空間をつくる内底面部や内側面部に、前記透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層を設け、前記有害物質を吸着固定させることで、前記有害物質の溶出による拡散を防止することを特徴とする請求項１記載の有害物質の無害化方法。 The permeable clay mineral adsorbing layer is provided on the inner bottom and inner side of the landfill disposal site and container, and the harmful substances are adsorbed and fixed to prevent diffusion due to the elution of the harmful substances. The method for detoxifying a harmful substance according to claim 1.
  5. 　前記透水性粘土鉱物が少なくともアロフェン及び／又はイモゴライトを含むものであることを特徴とする請求項１～４のいずれかに記載の有害物質の無害化方法。 The method for detoxifying a harmful substance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-permeable clay mineral contains at least allophane and / or imogolite.
  6. 　前記請求項４記載の有害物質の無害化方法が用いられるように、前記透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層が設けられていることを特徴とする廃棄物の処分場。 A waste disposal site, wherein an adsorption layer of the water-permeable clay mineral is provided so that the harmful substance detoxification method according to claim 4 is used.
  7. 　前記透水性粘土鉱物が、覆土の少なくとも一部に用いられていることを特徴とする請求項６記載の廃棄物の処分場。 The waste disposal site according to claim 6, wherein the water-permeable clay mineral is used in at least a part of the covering soil.
  8. 　廃棄物やその焼却灰が溶融されて形成された溶融スラグ等が、内層の積層材の一部として敷かれて舗装される舗装道路であって、
    　前記溶融スラグ等から溶出する重金属等の有害物質が、透水性粘土鉱物に接触することで、該透水性粘土鉱物に吸着されるように、前記溶融スラグ等が敷かれた層より下層に、前記透水性粘土鉱物の吸着層が敷かれて設けられていることを特徴とする舗装道路。     Molten slag formed by melting waste and its incinerated ash is a paved road that is laid and paved as part of the inner layer laminate,
    The harmful substances such as heavy metals eluted from the molten slag and the like are in contact with the water-permeable clay mineral, and are adsorbed by the water-permeable clay mineral. A paved road characterized by an adsorption layer of permeable clay minerals.
PCT/JP2009/061561 2008-06-27 2009-06-25 Method of detoxifying harmful substance, waste disposal site, and paved road WO2009157501A1 (en)

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